Rapid detection method for evaluation grading parameters of residual food degree of fugu rubripes

Abstract

The method comprises the steps that random sampling is carried out on the fugu rubripes in unit aquaculture water, the sampling amount accounts for 0.5%-5% of the aquaculture water, then 0-level classification, 1-level classification, 2-level classification and 3-level classification are carried out on each fish according to the integrity of the shape and the function of tail fins, and finally the evaluation grading parameters of the residual feeding degree of the fugu rubripes are obtained. Counting and statistical mapping are carried out to obtain the proportion of each level of residual rate; and according to the standard for predicting the residual feeding degree and the survival rate of each stage of residual feeding rate established by the method, early warning is performed on the residual feeding degree and the breeding survival rate of the fugu rubripes. According to the method, the residual food degree of the fugu rubripes can be accurately judged, the death rate caused by the residual food can be early warned in advance, and mass death of the fugu rubripes caused by the residual food is avoided. Besides, the method is high in sensitivity to evaluation of the residual feeding degree of the fugu rubripes, simple and easy to operate and capable of being used for conventional monitoring of the residual feeding behavior of the fugu rubripes in large-scale breeding enterprises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of pufferfish quality detection, and in particular relates to a rapid detection method for evaluation and grading parameters of the residual food degree of redfin pufferfish. Background Art

[0002] Takifugu rubripes is an important marine aquaculture fish in the northern coastal areas. With the expansion of aquaculture, the aquaculture model of Takifugu rubripes has gradually become intensive. Especially in the seedling stage, factory farming is the main aquaculture method, because factory farming has irreplaceable advantages over cage farming and pond farming. This farming method can control the aquaculture conditions such as water quality, temperature, and light to a certain extent, reduce external environmental pollution and disease transmission, and reduce dependence on the aquaculture environment. At the same time, it can also effectively utilize the aquaculture space and increase the yield per unit area.

[0003] Due to the presence of well-developed plate-like teeth, redfin pufferfish often engage in cannibalism during the breeding process, which seems to be an inevitable phenomenon. Especially in the process of factory breeding of redfin pufferfish, cannibalism is particularly serious at the seedling stage. This is because in the seedling stage of redfin pufferfish, in order to increase production and efficiency, the breeding farms often increase the breeding density. When the breeding density is too high, the activity space of redfin pufferfish is reduced, which easily leads to fighting or attacking each other, resulting in cannibalism. In factory breeding, the feed supply and feeding frequency will also affect its cannibalism behavior. If the feed supply is reduced or the feeding frequency is reduced, the cannibalism behavior of redfin pufferfish will also be aggravated. In addition, insufficient feeding will also cause differences in the size of redfin pufferfish, thereby further increasing cannibalism. In addition, factory breeding has high requirements for breeding conditions such as water quality, temperature, and light due to the small water body. When these environmental factors are not adjusted in time with the breeding of fish, redfin pufferfish may be stressed, which also leads to cannibalism.

[0004] Cannibalism is one of the important factors that reduce the survival rate of redfin pufferfish. In the process of factory farming, cannibalism can cause injuries to the body surface of some young fish, thereby increasing the risk of infection with pathogens and eventually increasing the incidence rate. Therefore, effectively controlling cannibalism in the process of redfin pufferfish farming is the key to successful farming. At present, there are many means to alleviate the cannibalism of redfin pufferfish in production, such as re-pond farming, shortening teeth, and increasing feeding amount. However, there is still a lack of clear judgment methods on when to apply these means to alleviate cannibalism, and decisions can often only be made based on farming experience, such as judging by the number of dead fish in each breeding pond every day. This practice is not only greatly affected by subjective factors, but may also lead to aggravated cannibalism and rapid increase in mortality due to failure to detect the cannibalism of redfin pufferfish in time. This will not only reduce the effectiveness of the method to alleviate cannibalism, but also produce a large number of dead fish, causing irreparable losses.

[0005] Therefore, it is very urgent and necessary to invent a rapid detection method that can be widely used in the redfin pufferfish breeding process and can determine the degree of residual food in the fish school. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a cutting device for aluminum profiles, which monitors the integrity of the tail fin morphology and function of redfin pufferfish fry and calculates the proportion of each tail fin morphology, thereby ultimately determining the residual food intake degree thereof, and providing a scientific basis for selecting the timing of applying residual food intake mitigation measures in the breeding management of redfin pufferfish.

[0007] The present invention is achieved by providing a rapid detection method for evaluating and grading parameters of the cannibalism degree of redfin pufferfish. The method uses the integrity of the tail fin morphology and function of the redfin pufferfish as the basis for the cannibalism degree of the redfin pufferfish, and determines the cannibalism degree of the redfin pufferfish by calculating the proportion of each tail fin morphology, thereby providing an early warning for the breeding survival rate.

[0008] Preferably, the method divides the residual food levels into level 0 residual tail, level 1 residual tail, level 2 residual tail and level 3 residual tail according to the amount of fin ray loss and the integrity of the tail fin function of the surviving fish through a determination procedure for the degree of bite on the tail fin of the redfin pufferfish.

[0009] Preferably, the identification of the grade 0 stump tail includes that the ends of the fin rays are intact without any scars, and swimming is normal; the identification of the grade 1 stump tail includes that the tail fin has slight scars or defects, but complete fin rays still exist, and there is no obvious abnormality in swimming; the identification of the grade 2 stump tail includes that all the tail fin and fin rays are defective, the swimming speed is significantly reduced, and the stability of the swimming posture is reduced; the identification of the grade 3 stump tail includes that the tail fin and the entire tail are completely missing, and swimming is slow.

[0010] Preferably, the method further comprises: randomly sampling surviving fish samples in the redfin puffer fish breeding pond, wherein the specific number of the samples selected depends on the number of farmed fish in the water body, and the number of samples selected accounts for 0.5%-5% of the total number of farmed fish.

[0011] Preferably, when the proportion of grade 0 tail stumps in the surviving fish samples exceeds 20%, and the combined proportion of grade 0 and grade 1 tail stumps reaches or exceeds 75%, it indicates that the cannibalism behavior of the pufferfish is not serious; when the proportion of grade 0 tail stumps in the surviving fish samples is less than 10%, and the proportion of grade 2 and grade 3 tail stumps exceeds 30%, it indicates that the redfin pufferfish has exhibited obvious cannibalism; when the proportion of grade 0 tail stumps in the surviving fish samples is less than 3%, and the proportion of grade 2 and grade 3 tail stumps exceeds 65%, it indicates that the redfin pufferfish has exhibited serious cannibalism.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The present invention provides a rapid detection method for evaluating and grading parameters of the cannibalism degree of redfin pufferfish. The method uses the integrity of the tail fin morphology and function of the redfin pufferfish as the basis for the cannibalism degree of the redfin pufferfish, and determines the cannibalism degree of the redfin pufferfish by calculating the proportion of each tail fin morphology, thereby providing an early warning for the aquaculture survival rate. By monitoring the integrity of the tail fin morphology and function of redfin pufferfish fry and calculating the proportion of each tail fin morphology, the cannibalism degree is finally determined, providing a scientific basis for selecting the timing of applying cannibalism mitigation measures in the aquaculture management of redfin pufferfish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a display diagram of tail fins of different levels in the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a statistical diagram of the tail residue degree of the surviving fish under the appropriate amount of restricted feeding in the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a statistical diagram of the tail residue degree of surviving fish at different densities in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a statistical diagram of the tail stump degree of surviving fish subjected to the tooth clipping treatment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field of this application; the terms used in the specification of the application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application or the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0019] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0020] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical methods adopted are:

[0021] A rapid detection method for the residual food degree of redfin pufferfish during factory farming, the method comprising the following aspects:

[0022] 1. Randomly select some surviving fish samples from the redfin puffer fish breeding pond. The specific number of samples depends on the number of farmed fish in the water body. Generally, the number of samples is between 0.5% and 5% of the total breeding amount. Use anesthetics to anesthetize the fish.

[0023] 2. Observe each sample fish, evaluate the integrity of tail fin morphology and function, and count the number of fish with tail residues in each level of unit water body according to the standard grading method;

[0024] 3. According to the counting results, the tail fin integrity levels of each level are counted and the proportion of each level is calculated. Finally, a scientific judgment on the degree of residual food is made based on the statistical results.

[0025] 4. When the tail mutilation rate is mainly at level 0 and level 1, the level 0 tail mutilation rate exceeds 20%, and the combined level 0 and level 1 tail mutilation rates reach or even exceed 75%, it indicates that the cannibalism behavior of pufferfish is not serious.

[0026] 5. When the tail mutilation rate of level 0 is lower than 10%, and the tail mutilation rate of levels 2 and 3 exceeds 30%, it indicates that redfin pufferfish has obvious cannibalism, and it is necessary to adjust the stocking density, feed amount, etc. to reduce cannibalism behavior.

[0027] 6. When the level 0 tail mutilation rate is lower than 3%, while the level 2 and 3 tail mutilation rates exceed 65%, it indicates that serious cannibalism has occurred in the redfin pufferfish. In addition to adjusting the stocking density and feed feeding level, other measures need to be taken to reduce the fish mortality rate.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the integrity of the tail fin morphology and function has the following evaluation characteristics according to the standard grading method:

[0029] a. Level 0 residual tail: The tail fin including the end of the fin rays is intact without scars and the patient can swim normally;

[0030] b. Level 1 residual tail: The tail fin has slight scars or defects, but the fin rays are still intact and there is no obvious abnormality in swimming;

[0031] c. Level 2 residual tail: The tail fin rays are all defective, the swimming speed is significantly reduced, and the stability of the swimming posture is reduced;

[0032] d. Level 3 residual tail: The tail fin or even the entire tail is completely missing, and the fish swims very slowly.

[0033] The advantages of the present invention over the conventional methods for assessing the number of deaths or mortality rates are:

[0034] (1) The present invention can more scientifically and accurately reflect the degree of residual food intake of redfin pufferfish, so that breeding managers can adjust the breeding environment in time and apply means to alleviate residual food intake.

[0035] (2) The tail fin defect of the present invention is extremely sensitive to cannibalism, which reduces the risk of fish disease caused by failure to timely detect the cannibalism of redfin pufferfish. At the same time, it also reduces the mass death of redfin pufferfish due to cannibalism, thereby improving the survival rate of aquaculture.

[0036] (3) The method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, does not require complicated equipment and technical support, and is suitable for factory farming mode.

[0037] Specific implementation plan

[0038] Example 1 A method for grading and judging leftover food of redfin pufferfish based on feed feeding amount

[0039] The present invention provides a detection method for the residual food degree of redfin pufferfish based on the feed feeding amount during the factory breeding process of redfin pufferfish. In the example, healthy and scar-free redfin pufferfish juveniles (18.61±0.05g) were selected as the first fish, and the full feeding was set as 100% (FH) group. On this basis, the feeding amount was reduced to 85% (FM) and 70% (FL) of the FH group, respectively. There were 9 breeding barrels in total, 30 fish in each barrel, 3 repetitions, all redfin pufferfish were not subjected to tooth clipping, and the breeding period was 56 days.

[0040] According to the operation process of the present invention, after the breeding is completed, all the surviving fish are taken out, and the fish bodies are anesthetized using the anesthetic MS222 (1:10000) volume ratio, and the fish are counted according to the grading method of the tail fin residual cannibalism degree described above in the present invention. According to the counting results, the tail fin integrity levels of each level are counted, and a statistical chart is prepared, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 (Table 1) shows.

[0041] Table 1 Statistics of tail stump degree and survival rate of surviving fish under appropriate restricted feeding (%)

[0042]

[0043] From the above examples, it can be analyzed that, under the condition of not clipping teeth, full feeding cannot completely prevent redfin pufferfish from cannibalizing each other, and appropriate restricted feeding treatment has a significant effect on the cannibalism degree of redfin pufferfish fry. At the same time, the mortality results are consistent with the cannibalism predicted by this method, indicating that this method can quickly and effectively evaluate the mortality caused by cannibalism of redfin pufferfish. The specific results of each treatment group are as follows:

[0044] The results of the FH group showed that when sampling was conducted on the redfin pufferfish in the water bodies of the aquaculture units, the tail fin residues were mainly grade 0 and 1, totaling more than 75%, while the rates of grade 2 and 3 tail residues were less than 25%, indicating that the residual feeding situation was not serious and the current feeding amount would not cause large-scale deaths of fish due to residual feeding.

[0045] The results of the FM group showed that when sampling was conducted on the redfin pufferfish in the water bodies of the aquaculture units, the rate of tail fin and tail residue was less than 10% for grade 0, while the rates of grade 2 and 3 reached 60%, indicating that the current feeding amount was insufficient, which had caused an increase in the amount of leftover food in the redfin pufferfish and an increase in the mortality rate. The feeding amount needed to be increased as soon as possible to reduce the leftover food.

[0046] The results of the FL group showed that if the rate of grade 0 tail mutilation is less than 3% while the rates of grade 2 and 3 tail mutilation are more than 70% when sampling the water bodies of redfin pufferfish in aquaculture units, it indicates that the current feeding amount is seriously insufficient, which has caused serious food residue in redfin pufferfish. The death of a large number of redfin pufferfish is inevitable. It is necessary to immediately increase the feeding amount and take appropriate measures to reduce the mortality rate of fish.

[0047] Example 2 A method for grading and judging leftover food of redfin pufferfish based on initial stocking density

[0048] This example experimentally measures the degree of residual food intake of redfin pufferfish based on different initial stocking densities during factory farming. In this example, healthy and unscathed redfin pufferfish juveniles (7.03±0.01g) were selected as the initial fish, and the stocking numbers were 20, 40, and 80 per barrel, respectively. The initial stocking densities of the treatment groups were 0.47, 0.93, and 1.86g / kg, respectively. Each treatment group had 3 replicates, and all redfin pufferfish were not subjected to tooth clipping. All treatment groups were fed with satiety every day, and the breeding period was 77 days.

[0049] According to the operation process of the present invention, after the breeding is completed, all the surviving fish are taken out, and the fish bodies are anesthetized using the anesthetic MS222 (1:10000) volume ratio, and the fish are counted according to the grading method of the tail fin residual cannibalism degree described above in the present invention. According to the counting results, the tail fin integrity levels of each level are counted, and a statistical chart is prepared, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 (Table 2) shows.

[0050] Table 2 Statistics of tail damage and survival rate of surviving fish at different densities (%)

[0051]

[0052] From the above examples, it can be analyzed that even a low stocking density cannot completely prevent cannibalism of redfin pufferfish without tooth clipping, and high-density stocking has a significant impact on the cannibalism of redfin pufferfish fry. At the same time, the mortality results are consistent with the cannibalism predicted by this method, further proving that this method can quickly and effectively evaluate the mortality caused by cannibalism of redfin pufferfish. The specific results of each treatment group are as follows:

[0053] The results of the SDL group showed that when sampling was conducted on the water bodies of the redfin pufferfish in the aquaculture units, the rate of mutilated tails was mainly level 0, accounting for more than 70%, and the rates of level 0 and level 1 mutilated tails accounted for more than 90%, indicating that under full feeding, the aquaculture density had no significant effect on the mutilating behavior of the redfin pufferfish, nor would it increase the mortality rate caused by mutilation.

[0054] The results of the SDM group showed that when sampling was conducted on the water bodies of the redfin pufferfish in the aquaculture units, the rate of tail residues at level 0 dropped significantly to below 10%, while the rate of tail residues at level 1 increased to over 50%, and the rates of tail residues at levels 2 and 3 also exceeded 35%, indicating that at this aquaculture density, the phenomenon of cannibalism of the redfin pufferfish had increased significantly and had caused the survival rate to begin to decrease, and that the aquaculture density needed to be reduced.

[0055] The results of the SDH group showed that if the level 0 tail mutilation rate of redfin pufferfish in the water body of the breeding unit was sampled and the level 2 and 3 tail mutilation rates were less than 3%, and more than 65%, it indicated that under this breeding density, redfin pufferfish had already engaged in significant mutual cannibalism, and it was necessary to reduce the breeding density as soon as possible and take appropriate measures to reduce the fish mortality rate.

[0056] Example 3 A method for determining the degree of residual food intake in redfin pufferfish based on tooth clipping

[0057] In order to verify the results of Example 1 and Example 2, this example applies the empirical method of slowing down the cannibalism behavior in the cultivation of redfin pufferfish to verify the reliability of the method for determining the cannibalism behavior of redfin pufferfish provided by the present invention. The specific implementation process is that in the factory cultivation process, the same batch of redfin pufferfish (24.25±0.03g) is randomly divided into two groups, one group is not subjected to tooth clipping treatment (NT), as the control group, and the other group is subjected to tooth clipping treatment, and the tip part of the upper and lower 4 teeth is cut off with nail clippers (TC). Note that only the tip part of the tooth is cut off, and the root cannot be damaged to prevent the redfin pufferfish from stress death caused by the tooth clipping process. Each treatment is repeated 3 times, and 20 fish are fed in each tank. The cultivation cycle is 48d.

[0058] After the breeding, all the surviving fish were taken out, anesthetized with anesthetic MS222 (1:10000) by volume, and counted according to the grading method of the degree of caudal fin incompleteness described above in the present invention. The caudal fin integrity grades of each level were statistically analyzed based on the counting results, and a statistical chart was prepared, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0059] Table 3 Statistics of tail stump degree and survival rate of surviving fish under tooth clipping treatment (%)

[0060]

[0061] The results of the TC treatment group showed that under the condition of clipping the teeth of redfin pufferfish, reducing the stocking density and feeding them until they were full, the cannibalism behavior of redfin pufferfish can basically be avoided. The results of the tail stump rate showed that the level 0 tail stump rate was 100%, and the corresponding survival rate exceeded 95%, proving that the tail stump grading standard can predict the mortality rate of redfin pufferfish caused by cannibalism.

[0062] The results of NT show that at the same stocking density and feeding level, if the teeth are not clipped, redfin pufferfish will still have a certain degree of cannibalism. This is manifested in the sampling of a certain degree of level 1, 2, and even level 3 fish tail mutilation in the unit aquaculture water body. However, if the level 0 tail mutilation rate is higher than 10%, the level 0 and level 1 tail mutilation rates combined reach 75%, and the level 2 and level 3 tail mutilation rates combined are less than 30%, in this case, the overall cannibalism behavior is still not serious, and the overall survival rate of the fish will be higher than 80%.

[0063] In summary, combined with the results of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3, it can be concluded that, when sampling and counting the red fin pufferfish in a unit of aquaculture water, if the residual tail rate is mainly 0 and 1, the residual tail rate of 0 exceeds 20%, and the residual tail rate of 0 and 1 reaches or even exceeds 75% in total, it indicates that the residual eating behavior of the pufferfish is not serious, and the survival rate of aquaculture will exceed 80%; if the residual tail rate of 0 is lower than 10%, and the residual tail rate of 2 and 3 exceeds 30%, it indicates that the red fin pufferfish has already had obvious residual eating, and the aquaculture density, feed feeding amount, etc. need to be adjusted to reduce the residual eating behavior; if the residual tail rate of 0 is lower than 3%, and the residual tail rate of 2 and 3 exceeds 65%, it indicates that the red fin pufferfish has already had serious residual eating, and in addition to adjusting the aquaculture density and feed feeding level, other measures need to be taken to reduce the mortality rate of the fish. In addition, considering the labor intensity of sampling and the reliability of the results, the number of samples is between 0.5% and 5% of the total number of aquaculture fish.

[0064] It should be noted that, for the above-mentioned embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should know that the present invention is not limited by the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

[0065] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field can still combine, add, delete or make other adjustments to the features in the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict, without making creative work, so as to obtain different other technical solutions that do not deviate from the concept of the present invention in essence, and these technical solutions also belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid detection method for evaluating the grading parameters of the residual food content of redfin pufferfish, characterized in that: The method uses the integrity of the tail fin morphology and function of the redfin pufferfish as the basis for the degree of cannibalism of the redfin pufferfish, and determines the degree of cannibalism of the redfin pufferfish by calculating the proportion of each tail fin morphology, thereby giving an early warning for the survival rate of aquaculture.

2. The rapid detection method for evaluation and grading parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method uses a procedure for determining the degree of bite on the tail fin of the redfin pufferfish to divide the residual food grades according to the amount of fin ray defects on the tail fin of the surviving fish and the integrity of the tail fin function, and the grades are: grade 0 residual tail, grade 1 residual tail, grade 2 residual tail and grade 3 residual tail.

3. The rapid detection method for evaluation and grading parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The identification of a grade 0 stump tail includes that the ends of the fin rays are intact and have no scars, and swimming is normal; the identification of a grade 1 stump tail includes that the tail fin has slight scars or defects, but complete fin rays are still present, and there are no obvious abnormalities in swimming; the identification of a grade 2 stump tail includes that all the tail fin and fin rays are defective, the swimming speed is significantly reduced, and the stability of the swimming posture is reduced; the identification of a grade 3 stump tail includes that the tail fin and the entire tail are completely missing, and swimming is slow.

4. The rapid detection method for evaluation and grading parameters according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: Surviving fish samples are randomly selected from the redfin puffer fish breeding pond. The specific number of samples selected depends on the number of farmed fish in the water body, and the number of samples selected accounts for 0.5%-5% of the total number of farmed fish.

5. The rapid detection method for evaluation and grading parameters according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the proportion of grade 0 tail stumps in the surviving fish samples exceeds 20%, and the combined proportion of grade 0 and grade 1 tail stumps reaches or exceeds 75%, it indicates that the cannibalism behavior of the pufferfish is not serious; when the proportion of grade 0 tail stumps in the surviving fish samples is less than 10%, and the proportion of grade 2 and grade 3 tail stumps exceeds 30%, it indicates that the redfin pufferfish has engaged in obvious cannibalism; when the proportion of grade 0 tail stumps in the surviving fish samples is less than 3%, and the proportion of grade 2 and grade 3 tail stumps exceeds 65%, it indicates that the redfin pufferfish has engaged in serious cannibalism.

Images