Electrical fire monitoring and early warning system and method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrical fire monitoring and early warning, in particular to an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system and method based on the Internet of Things, and the system comprises an electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform, a database, a fire symptom analysis unit, a fire risk analysis unit, a time period parameter supervision unit, and an alarm response unit. According to the method, analysis is carried out from the three aspects of the line surface in the electrical equipment, the line related parameters and the line surface and hidden danger interference, so that the fire monitoring and early warning effect of the electrical equipment is improved, meanwhile, the related data of the fire caused by the line is monitored, the loss caused by the fire is effectively reduced, and the safety of the electrical equipment is improved. According to the method, surface heat risk supervision evaluation analysis is carried out on heat release information from the aspect of electrical equipment inner line surface analysis, preliminary discriminant analysis is carried out in combination with historical information, the fire risk condition of the electrical equipment is known, and analysis is carried out through combination of the line surface and hidden danger interference; and the fire monitoring and alarming timeliness of the electrical equipment can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrical fire monitoring and early warning, and in particular to an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system and method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Electrical fires generally refer to fires caused by faults in electrical circuits, electrical equipment, etc., which ignite the main body or other combustibles under combustion conditions. Electrical fires are generally hidden, random, sudden, and easy to spread, and are particularly harmful. In order to prevent the occurrence of electrical fires, prevention and management from multiple aspects are required; At present, when monitoring electrical fires, smoke sensors are often used to detect the area where the electrical equipment is located to achieve fire warning. However, it is impossible to conduct safety supervision on the electrical circuits inside the electrical equipment, which increases the probability of fire in the electrical circuits inside the electrical equipment. In addition, it is impossible to analyze the hidden dangers of the electrical equipment itself, which leads to delayed alarm of the electrical equipment, resulting in increased economic losses. In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system and method based on the Internet of Things to solve the technical defects mentioned above. The present invention analyzes from three perspectives: the surface of electrical circuits in electrical equipment, the associated parameters of electrical circuits, and the surface of electrical circuits and hidden dangers. This helps to improve the fire monitoring and early warning effect of electrical equipment, and at the same time helps to monitor the relevant data of fires caused by electrical circuits, so that fire hazards can be eliminated in time in the embryonic stage of fire, effectively reducing the losses caused by fire, that is, from the perspective of surface analysis of electrical circuits in electrical equipment, surface thermal risk supervision and evaluation analysis is performed on heat release information, and preliminary discrimination analysis is performed in combination with historical information to understand the fire risk situation of electrical equipment, and analysis is performed from the perspective of the combined analysis of electrical circuit surface and hidden danger interference to further identify the fire hazards of electrical equipment, so as to provide timely alarm feedback, and fire-related parameter feedback evaluation analysis is performed on state parameter information from the perspective of electrical circuit associated parameters, which helps to improve the timeliness of electrical equipment fire monitoring alarm.

[0004] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things, comprising an electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform, a database, a fire sign analysis unit, a fire hazard analysis unit, a time period parameter supervision unit and an alarm response unit; The electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform is used to retrieve heat release information and environmental risk information of electrical circuits in electrical equipment from a database, and send the heat release information and environmental risk information to a fire sign analysis unit and a fire hazard analysis unit respectively; After receiving the heat release information, the fire sign analysis unit immediately conducts surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis on the heat release information: S1, electrical circuit surface parameter integration, S2, surface parameter preprocessing and definition, S3, historical electrical circuit surface parameter selection, S4, parameter combination comparison output, and obtain thermal stability signal or risk signal; When a thermal stability signal is generated, the heat release information and the fire hindrance assessment ratio are analyzed for signs of surface thermal runaway, and the obtained surface thermal assessment coefficient H is compared and analyzed to obtain an alarm signal; The time period parameter supervision unit is used to retrieve the state parameter information of the electrical line from the database, and to perform fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis on the state parameter information to obtain an alarm signal; The fire hazard analysis unit is used to perform hazard interference assessment feedback analysis on the received environmental risk information, set the ratio between the obtained flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index as the fire hindrance assessment ratio, and send the fire hindrance assessment ratio to the fire sign analysis unit.

[0005] Preferably, S1, electrical circuit surface parameter integration: collecting the operation time period of the electrical equipment, and setting the operation time period of the electrical equipment as the time threshold, obtaining the number of electrical circuits of the electrical equipment within the time threshold, dividing each electrical circuit into i sub-length segments, i being a natural number greater than zero, and obtaining heat release information of the electrical circuits of each sub-length segment in the electrical equipment within the time threshold, the heat release information including the surface heat release rate and the surface heat release amount; S2. Surface parameter preprocessing and definition: construct a set A of surface heat release rate and a set B of surface heat release, obtain the maximum element in set A and the sum of set B, set the maximum element in set A as the peak value of heat release rate and the sum of set B as the heat release in the period.

[0006] Preferably, S3, historical electrical circuit surface parameter selection: obtain the historical heat release rate peak value and historical time period heat release value of each electrical circuit surface in the historical normal electrical equipment within the same m time thresholds, m is a natural number greater than zero, obtain the historical heat release rate peak value and the historical time period heat release maximum value, set the historical heat release rate peak value as the safe heat release rate peak value and the historical time period heat release maximum value as the safe time period heat release; S4. Parameter combination comparison output: compare and analyze the peak value of the heat release rate and the heat release during the period with the peak value of the safe heat release rate and the heat release during the safe period. If the peak value of the heat release rate is less than the peak value of the safe heat release rate, and the heat release during the period is less than the heat release during the safe period, a thermal stability signal is generated; if the peak value of the heat release rate is greater than or equal to the peak value of the safe heat release rate, or the heat release during the period is greater than or equal to the heat release during the safe period, a risk signal is generated.

[0007] Preferably, the surface thermal runaway sign analysis process is as follows: The peak value of heat release rate, heat release in a period of time and fire hindrance assessment ratio are retrieved, and the peak value of heat release rate, heat release in a period of time and fire hindrance assessment ratio are labeled FS, SR and SZ respectively, and the peak value of heat release rate FS, heat release in a period of time SR and fire hindrance assessment ratio SZ are substituted into the formula to obtain the surface thermal assessment coefficient H, and the surface thermal assessment coefficient H is compared and analyzed with the preset surface thermal assessment coefficient threshold value entered and stored in the fire sign analysis unit to obtain an alarm signal.

[0008] Preferably, the fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis process of the time period parameter supervision unit is as follows: The time threshold is divided into n sub-time periods, where n is a natural number greater than zero, and the state parameter information of each electrical line of the electrical equipment in each sub-time period is obtained, where the state parameter information includes a voltage floating index and a current floating index; The voltage floating index indicates the number of times that the instantaneous voltage increase rate and the maximum span value of the voltage floating growth of the electrical circuit exceed the preset instantaneous voltage increase rate threshold and the preset voltage floating growth maximum span value threshold; the current floating index indicates the ratio between the instantaneous current growth amount of the electrical circuit and the preset instantaneous current growth amount threshold.

[0009] Preferably, the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index within the time threshold are obtained, and the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index are discriminated: If the maximum value of the voltage floating index is greater than or equal to the preset voltage floating index maximum value threshold, or the maximum value of the current floating index is greater than or equal to the preset current floating index maximum value threshold, an alarm signal is generated; if the maximum value of the voltage floating index is less than the preset voltage floating index maximum value threshold, and the maximum value of the current floating index is less than the preset current floating index maximum value threshold, no signal is generated; If one of the risk signal, warning signal or alarm signal is not generated, a safety signal is obtained; If one of a risk signal, a warning signal or an alarm signal is generated, a fire sign signal is obtained.

[0010] Preferably, the hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis process of the fire hidden danger analysis unit is as follows: Obtaining environmental risk information of electrical lines of each sub-length section in the electrical equipment within the time threshold, the environmental risk information including a flame retardant assessment index and a combustion-supporting assessment index, and then obtaining a ratio between the flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index, and setting the ratio between the flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index as a fire hindrance assessment ratio; The flame retardant evaluation index represents the product of the average cooling rate of the electrical equipment and the average ventilation flow rate after data normalization; the combustion support evaluation index represents the product of the average oxygen concentration inside the electrical equipment and the electrical circuit loss value after data normalization, and the electrical circuit loss value represents the number of defects on the surface of the electrical circuit, and the defects include bulging and cracking.

[0011] An electrical fire monitoring and early warning method based on the Internet of Things comprises the following steps: Step 1: Analyze the heat release information on the surface of the electrical circuit in the electrical equipment, that is, conduct surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis on the heat release information to determine whether the risk of thermal runaway of the electrical circuit is too high. If a thermal stability signal is obtained, proceed to step 3 to analyze the signs of surface thermal runaway. If a risk signal is obtained, proceed to step 5. Step 2: Conduct hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis from the two points of internal flame retardancy and combustion support of electrical equipment, set the ratio between the flame retardancy assessment index and the combustion support assessment index as the fire hindrance assessment ratio, and substitute the fire hindrance assessment ratio into step 3; Step 3: Analyze the signs of surface thermal runaway by means of information feedback, comprehensively quantify the peak value of heat release rate, heat release during a period, and fire hindrance assessment ratio, and compare and analyze the obtained surface thermal assessment coefficient H. If an alarm signal is obtained, substitute it into step 5; Step 4: Conduct fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis on the state parameter information of the electrical line to determine the risk impact of the parameter characteristic change of the electrical line, that is, to determine the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index. If an alarm signal is obtained, substitute it into step 5; Step 5: Analyze and manage the output risk signals, warning signals and alarm signals, and finally output the obtained safety signals or fire sign signals.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention analyzes from three perspectives: the surface of electrical circuits in electrical equipment, associated parameters of electrical circuits, and interference between the surface of electrical circuits and hidden dangers, thereby helping to improve the monitoring and early warning effect of fires in electrical equipment, and at the same time helping to monitor relevant data of fires caused by electrical circuits, so that hidden fire hazards can be eliminated in time, and hidden fire hazards can be eliminated in time at the embryonic stage of fire, effectively reducing the losses caused by fires, that is, surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis is performed on heat release information from the perspective of surface analysis of electrical circuits in electrical equipment, and preliminary discrimination analysis is performed in combination with historical information to understand the fire risk situation of electrical equipment; The present invention analyzes the electrical circuit surface and hidden danger interference from a combined perspective to further identify the fire hazards of electrical equipment, so as to provide timely alarm feedback to improve the operational safety of electrical equipment. Fire-related parameter feedback evaluation analysis is performed on state parameter information from the perspective of electrical circuit related parameters, so as to perform fire alarm analysis from the perspective of electrical circuit parameter amplification characteristics to understand the current electrical equipment fire symptom risk, which helps to improve the timeliness of electrical equipment fire monitoring alarms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 is a reference diagram of the method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a local analysis diagram of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1 See also Figures 1 to 3As shown, the present invention is an electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things, including an electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform, a database, a fire sign analysis unit, a fire hazard analysis unit, a time period parameter supervision unit and an alarm response unit. The database is connected to the electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform and the time period parameter supervision unit in a one-way communication manner, the electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform is connected to the fire sign analysis unit in a two-way communication manner, the electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform is connected to the fire hazard analysis unit in a one-way communication manner, the fire hazard analysis unit is connected to the fire sign analysis unit in a one-way communication manner, the electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform is connected to the time period parameter supervision unit in a one-way communication manner, and the time period parameter supervision unit is connected to the alarm response unit in a one-way communication manner.

[0016] The electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform is used to retrieve the heat release information and environmental risk information of the electrical circuits in the electrical equipment from the database, and send the heat release information and environmental risk information to the fire symptom analysis unit and the fire hazard analysis unit respectively. After receiving the heat release information, the fire symptom analysis unit immediately performs surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis on the heat release information, and at the same time combines historical information for preliminary discrimination analysis to understand the fire risk of the electrical equipment, and at the same time combines the fire hazard information for analysis, so as to further identify the fire hazards of the electrical equipment, so as to provide timely alarm feedback to reduce the probability of fire of the electrical equipment. The specific surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis process is as follows: S1. Integration of electrical circuit surface parameters: Collect the operation time of electrical equipment, and set the operation time of electrical equipment as the time threshold, obtain the number of electrical circuits of the electrical equipment within the time threshold, divide each electrical circuit into i sub-length segments, i is a natural number greater than zero, and obtain the heat release information of the electrical circuit of each sub-length segment in the electrical equipment within the time threshold, the heat release information includes the surface heat release rate and the surface heat release amount; S2. Surface parameter preprocessing and definition: construct a set A of surface heat release rate and a set B of surface heat release, obtain the maximum element in set A and the sum of set B, set the maximum element in set A as the peak value of heat release rate and the sum of set B as the heat release in the period; S3. Selection of historical electrical circuit surface parameters: obtaining the historical heat release rate peak value and historical time period heat release value of each electrical circuit surface in historical normal electrical equipment within the same m time thresholds, where m is a natural number greater than zero, obtaining the maximum value of the historical heat release rate peak value and the historical time period heat release value, setting the maximum value of the historical heat release rate peak value as the safe heat release rate peak value and the maximum value of the historical time period heat release value as the safe time period heat release value; S4. Parameter combination comparison output: compare and analyze the peak heat release rate and the time period heat release with the peak safety heat release rate and the safety time period heat release. If the peak heat release rate is less than the peak safety heat release rate, and the time period heat release is less than the safety time period heat release, a thermal stability signal is generated; if the peak heat release rate is greater than or equal to the peak safety heat release rate, or the time period heat release is greater than or equal to the safety time period heat release, a risk signal is generated and sent to the electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform.

[0017] When a thermal stability signal is generated, a surface thermal runaway symptom analysis is performed on the heat release information and the fire hindrance assessment ratio. The specific surface thermal runaway symptom analysis process is as follows: Retrieve the peak heat release rate, heat release in a period, and fire hindrance assessment ratio, label them as FS, SR, and SZ respectively, and substitute the peak heat release rate FS, heat release in a period SR, and fire hindrance assessment ratio SZ into the formula The surface thermal assessment coefficient is obtained, where a1, a2 and a3 are respectively the preset weight factor coefficients of the peak heat release rate, the heat release during the period and the fire hindrance assessment ratio, a4 is the preset error correction coefficient, a1, a2, a3 and a4 are all greater than zero, H is the surface thermal assessment coefficient, and the surface thermal assessment coefficient H is compared and analyzed with the preset surface thermal assessment coefficient threshold value recorded and stored in the fire sign analysis unit: If the ratio between the surface thermal evaluation coefficient H and the preset surface thermal evaluation coefficient threshold is less than 1, no signal is generated; If the ratio between the surface thermal evaluation coefficient H and the preset surface thermal evaluation coefficient threshold is greater than or equal to 1, an alarm signal is generated and sent to the electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform.

[0018] Example 2 The time period parameter supervision unit is used to retrieve the state parameter information of the electrical line from the database, and perform fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis on the state parameter information, so as to perform fire alarm analysis from the perspective of electrical line parameter characteristics, to understand the current electrical equipment fire sign risk, and to provide timely alarm feedback. The specific fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis process is as follows: The time threshold is divided into n sub-time periods, where n is a natural number greater than zero, and the state parameter information of each electrical line of the electrical equipment in each sub-time period is obtained, where the state parameter information includes a voltage floating index and a current floating index; In the embodiment of the present invention, the voltage fluctuation index indicates the number of times that the instantaneous voltage increase rate and the maximum voltage fluctuation growth span value of the electrical circuit exceed the preset instantaneous voltage increase rate threshold and the preset voltage fluctuation growth maximum span value threshold. It should be noted that the larger the value of the voltage fluctuation index is, the greater the risk of electrical circuit abnormality is. In the embodiment of the present invention, the current floating index represents the ratio between the instantaneous current growth amount of the electrical circuit and the preset instantaneous current growth amount threshold. It should be noted that the larger the value of the current floating index is, the greater the risk of abnormal operation of the electrical equipment during operation, and the higher the demand for electrical equipment control; Then, the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index within the time threshold are obtained, and the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index are judged: If the maximum value of the voltage floating index is greater than or equal to the preset voltage floating index maximum value threshold, or the maximum value of the current floating index is greater than or equal to the preset current floating index maximum value threshold, an alarm signal is generated; if the maximum value of the voltage floating index is less than the preset voltage floating index maximum value threshold, and the maximum value of the current floating index is less than the preset current floating index maximum value threshold, no signal is generated; If one of the risk signal, warning signal or alarm signal is not generated, a safety signal is obtained; If a risk signal or a warning signal or one of the alarm signals is generated, a fire sign signal is obtained, and a safety signal or a fire sign signal is sent to the alarm response unit. After receiving the safety signal or the fire sign signal, the alarm response unit immediately performs a preset early warning operation corresponding to the normal signal or the alarm signal, so as to intuitively understand the fire monitoring results of the electrical equipment, which is helpful to improve the operating safety of the electrical equipment on the one hand, and to improve the timeliness of the fire monitoring alarm of the electrical equipment on the other hand; The fire hazard analysis unit is used to conduct hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis on the received environmental risk information to understand the influence of the internal flame retardant and combustion-supporting factors of the current electrical equipment, and then comprehensively evaluate the fire hazard numerical situation of the electrical equipment through information fusion, and provide data analysis for subsequent analysis. The specific hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis process is as follows: Obtaining environmental risk information of electrical lines of each sub-length section in the electrical equipment within the time threshold, the environmental risk information including a flame retardant assessment index and a combustion-supporting assessment index, and then obtaining a ratio between the flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index, and setting the ratio between the flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index as a fire hindrance assessment ratio, and sending the fire hindrance assessment ratio to a fire symptom analysis unit; In the embodiment of the present invention, the flame retardant evaluation index represents the product value obtained by multiplying the average value of the cooling rate of the electrical equipment and the average value of the ventilation flow rate after data normalization. It should be noted that the larger the value of the flame retardant evaluation index, the smaller the fire risk of the electrical equipment; In an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion support assessment index represents the product of the average oxygen concentration inside the electrical equipment and the electrical circuit loss value after data normalization. The electrical circuit loss value represents the number of defect items on the surface of the electrical circuit. The defect items include bulging, cracking, etc. It should be noted that the larger the value of the combustion support assessment index, the greater the fire risk of the electrical equipment.

[0019] Example 3 An electrical fire monitoring and early warning method based on the Internet of Things, such as Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: Analyze the heat release information on the surface of the electrical circuit in the electrical equipment, that is, conduct surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis on the heat release information to determine whether the risk of thermal runaway of the electrical circuit is too high. If a thermal stability signal is obtained, proceed to step 3 to analyze the signs of surface thermal runaway. If a risk signal is obtained, proceed to step 5. Step 2: Conduct hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis from the two points of internal flame retardancy and combustion support of electrical equipment, set the ratio between the flame retardancy assessment index and the combustion support assessment index as the fire hindrance assessment ratio, and substitute the fire hindrance assessment ratio into step 3; Step 3: Analyze the signs of surface thermal runaway by means of information feedback, comprehensively quantify the peak value of heat release rate, heat release during a period, and fire hindrance assessment ratio, and compare and analyze the obtained surface thermal assessment coefficient H. If an alarm signal is obtained, substitute it into step 5; Step 4: Conduct fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis on the state parameter information of the electrical line to determine the risk impact of the parameter characteristic change of the electrical line, that is, to determine the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index. If an alarm signal is obtained, substitute it into step 5; Step 5: Analyze and manage the output risk signals, warning signals and alarm signals, and finally output the obtained safety signals or fire sign signals; In summary, the present invention analyzes from three perspectives: the surface of the electrical circuit in the electrical equipment, the associated parameters of the electrical circuit, and the surface of the electrical circuit and the interference of hidden dangers, thereby helping to improve the fire monitoring and early warning effect of the electrical equipment, and at the same time helps to monitor the relevant data of the fire caused by the electrical circuit, so that the fire hidden dangers can be eliminated in time, and the fire hidden dangers can be eliminated in time in the embryonic stage of the fire, effectively reducing the losses caused by the fire, that is, from the perspective of the surface analysis of the electrical circuit in the electrical equipment, the surface thermal risk supervision and evaluation analysis of the heat release information is performed, and at the same time, a preliminary discrimination analysis is performed in combination with historical information to understand the fire risk of the electrical equipment, and the analysis is performed from the perspective of the combined analysis of the surface of the electrical circuit and the interference of hidden dangers, so as to further distinguish the fire hidden dangers of the electrical equipment, so as to timely provide alarm feedback to improve the operating safety of the electrical equipment, and from the perspective of the associated parameters of the electrical circuit, the state parameter information is evaluated and analyzed for the feedback of fire associated parameters, so as to perform fire alarm analysis from the perspective of the increase characteristics of the electrical circuit parameters, so as to understand the current risk of fire signs of electrical equipment, which helps to improve the timeliness of fire monitoring and alarm of electrical equipment.

[0020] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technicians in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0021] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula that is close to the actual value. The coefficients in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions. The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technical personnel familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention, make equivalent replacement or change, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: It includes an electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform, a database, a fire sign analysis unit, a fire hazard analysis unit, a time period parameter supervision unit, and an alarm response unit; The electrical fire monitoring and early warning platform is used to retrieve heat release information and environmental risk information of electrical circuits in electrical equipment from a database, and send the heat release information and environmental risk information to a fire sign analysis unit and a fire hazard analysis unit respectively; After receiving the heat release information, the fire sign analysis unit immediately conducts surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis on the heat release information: S1. Surface parameter integration of electrical circuits, S2. Surface parameter preprocessing and definition, S3. Historical electrical circuit surface parameter selection, S4. Parameter combination comparison output to obtain thermal stability signal or risk signal; When a thermal stability signal is generated, the heat release information and the fire hindrance assessment ratio are analyzed for signs of surface thermal runaway, and the obtained surface thermal assessment coefficient H is compared and analyzed to obtain an alarm signal; The time period parameter supervision unit is used to retrieve the state parameter information of the electrical line from the database, and to perform fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis on the state parameter information to obtain an alarm signal; The fire hazard analysis unit is used to perform hazard interference assessment feedback analysis on the received environmental risk information, set the ratio between the obtained flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index as the fire hindrance assessment ratio, and send the fire hindrance assessment ratio to the fire sign analysis unit.

2. The electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: S1. Integration of surface parameters of electrical circuits: Collect the operation time of electrical equipment, set the operation time of electrical equipment as the time threshold, obtain the number of electrical circuits of the electrical equipment within the time threshold, divide each electrical circuit into i sub-length segments, i is a natural number greater than zero, obtain the heat release information of the electrical circuits of each sub-length segment in the electrical equipment within the time threshold, and the heat release information includes the surface heat release rate and the surface heat release amount; S2. Surface parameter preprocessing and definition: construct a set A of surface heat release rate and a set B of surface heat release, obtain the maximum element in set A and the sum of set B, set the maximum element in set A as the peak value of heat release rate and the sum of set B as the heat release in the period.

3. The electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2 is characterized in that: S3. Selection of historical electrical circuit surface parameters: obtaining the historical heat release rate peak value and historical time period heat release value of each electrical circuit surface in historical normal electrical equipment within the same m time thresholds, where m is a natural number greater than zero, obtaining the maximum value of the historical heat release rate peak value and the historical time period heat release value, setting the maximum value of the historical heat release rate peak value as the safe heat release rate peak value and the maximum value of the historical time period heat release value as the safe time period heat release value; S4. Parameter combination comparison output: compare and analyze the peak value of the heat release rate and the heat release during the period with the peak value of the safe heat release rate and the heat release during the safe period. If the peak value of the heat release rate is less than the peak value of the safe heat release rate, and the heat release during the period is less than the heat release during the safe period, a thermal stability signal is generated; if the peak value of the heat release rate is greater than or equal to the peak value of the safe heat release rate, or the heat release during the period is greater than or equal to the heat release during the safe period, a risk signal is generated.

4. The electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The surface thermal runaway symptom analysis process is as follows: The peak value of heat release rate, heat release in a period of time and fire hindrance assessment ratio are retrieved, and the peak value of heat release rate, heat release in a period of time and fire hindrance assessment ratio are labeled FS, SR and SZ respectively, and the peak value of heat release rate FS, heat release in a period of time SR and fire hindrance assessment ratio SZ are substituted into the formula to obtain the surface thermal assessment coefficient H, and the surface thermal assessment coefficient H is compared and analyzed with the preset surface thermal assessment coefficient threshold value entered and stored in the fire sign analysis unit to obtain an alarm signal.

5. The electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis process of the period parameter supervision unit is as follows: The time threshold is divided into n sub-time periods, where n is a natural number greater than zero, and the state parameter information of each electrical line of the electrical equipment in each sub-time period is obtained, where the state parameter information includes a voltage floating index and a current floating index; The voltage floating index indicates the number of times that the instantaneous voltage increase rate and the maximum span value of the voltage floating growth of the electrical circuit exceed the preset instantaneous voltage increase rate threshold and the preset voltage floating growth maximum span value threshold; the current floating index indicates the ratio between the instantaneous current growth amount of the electrical circuit and the preset instantaneous current growth amount threshold.

6. The electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index within the time threshold are obtained, and the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index are judged and processed: If the maximum value of the voltage floating index is greater than or equal to the preset voltage floating index maximum value threshold, or the maximum value of the current floating index is greater than or equal to the preset current floating index maximum value threshold, an alarm signal is generated; if the maximum value of the voltage floating index is less than the preset voltage floating index maximum value threshold, and the maximum value of the current floating index is less than the preset current floating index maximum value threshold, no signal is generated; If one of the risk signal, warning signal or alarm signal is not generated, a safety signal is obtained; If one of a risk signal, a warning signal or an alarm signal is generated, a fire sign signal is obtained.

7. The electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis process of the fire hidden danger analysis unit is as follows: Obtaining environmental risk information of electrical lines of each sub-length section in the electrical equipment within the time threshold, the environmental risk information including a flame retardant assessment index and a combustion-supporting assessment index, and then obtaining a ratio between the flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index, and setting the ratio between the flame retardant assessment index and the combustion-supporting assessment index as a fire hindrance assessment ratio; The flame retardant evaluation index represents the product of the average cooling rate of the electrical equipment and the average ventilation flow rate after data normalization; the combustion support evaluation index represents the product of the average oxygen concentration inside the electrical equipment and the electrical circuit loss value after data normalization, and the electrical circuit loss value represents the number of defects on the surface of the electrical circuit, and the defects include bulging and cracking.

8. An electrical fire monitoring and early warning method based on the Internet of Things, applied to the electrical fire monitoring and early warning system based on the Internet of Things as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Analyze the heat release information on the surface of the electrical circuit in the electrical equipment, that is, conduct surface thermal risk supervision and assessment analysis on the heat release information to determine whether the risk of thermal runaway of the electrical circuit is too high. If a thermal stability signal is obtained, proceed to step 3 to analyze the signs of surface thermal runaway. If a risk signal is obtained, proceed to step 5. Step 2: Conduct hidden danger interference assessment feedback analysis from the two points of internal flame retardancy and combustion support of electrical equipment, set the ratio between the flame retardancy assessment index and the combustion support assessment index as the fire hindrance assessment ratio, and substitute the fire hindrance assessment ratio into step 3; Step 3: Analyze the signs of surface thermal runaway by means of information feedback, comprehensively quantify the peak value of heat release rate, heat release during a period, and fire hindrance assessment ratio, and compare and analyze the obtained surface thermal assessment coefficient H. If an alarm signal is obtained, substitute it into step 5; Step 4: Conduct fire-related parameter feedback evaluation and analysis on the state parameter information of the electrical line to determine the risk impact of the parameter characteristic change of the electrical line, that is, to determine the maximum value of the voltage floating index and the maximum value of the current floating index. If an alarm signal is obtained, substitute it into step 5; Step 5: Analyze and manage the output risk signals, warning signals and alarm signals, and finally output the obtained safety signals or fire sign signals.

Images