Methods, apparatus, equipment and procedures for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of antenna arrays

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, device, and program product for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, relating to the field of wireless communication technology. The method includes: acquiring measurement parameters of the antenna array; determining the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measurement parameters; determining the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix; and determining the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate for the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix. This invention employs an impedance mutual coupling model, which can transform the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient into the measurement of the S-parameters of a multi-port network, avoiding the influence of multipath effects in signal models and ensuring the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient. Furthermore, the measurement process can be performed directly on the antenna array, without relying on an anechoic chamber, and without requiring disassembly or reassembly of the antenna array, thus enabling convenient determination of the mutual coupling coefficient of a shortwave antenna array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, and computer program product for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication systems, when base stations use massive MIMO (Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna arrays, spatial multiplexing techniques can be used to simultaneously serve multiple users within the same time-frequency resources, improving system performance. This technique is known as MIMO; it significantly increases system capacity and is a key technology for next-generation wireless communication. However, in practical applications, massive MIMO antenna systems also have some problems. For example, the mutual coupling between closely spaced antennas cannot be ignored. Due to the mutual coupling effect, the correlation between antennas increases, which reduces the space-time capacity and performance of the wireless communication system. Therefore, for antenna arrays, measuring, determining, and compensating for the mutual coupling effect between antennas is important and necessary.

[0003] Currently, there are two main types of methods for measuring and estimating the mutual coupling coefficient: 1) establishing a mutual coupling model based on the transmit and receive signals, using far-field auxiliary equipment to transmit the signal, receiving the signal at the receiver, and estimating the mutual coupling coefficient using parameter estimation methods; 2) establishing a mutual coupling model based on an equivalent circuit network model, and directly measuring the relevant impedance or S-parameters (scattering coefficients) in the network using instruments in an anechoic chamber, thereby calculating the mutual coupling coefficient. However, due to the large size of shortwave antenna array systems, typically tens or even hundreds of meters in size, measurements cannot be performed in an anechoic chamber; furthermore, shortwave antenna array systems often exhibit significant multipath effects, which can cause multipath interference in measurement methods based on mutual coupling models established by transmit and receive signals, resulting in inaccurate measurement and estimation results for the mutual coupling coefficient. Therefore, how to provide a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient suitable for shortwave antenna arrays, ensuring the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient, is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, apparatus, device, and computer program product for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, so as to conveniently determine the mutual coupling coefficient of a shortwave antenna array and ensure the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising:

[0006] Acquire measurement and acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein, the measurement and acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters acquired using a first measurement circuit and a single-channel measurement parameter acquired using a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N. 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0007] Based on the measured and acquired parameters, determine the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array;

[0008] The coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array is determined based on the S-parameter matrix.

[0009] Based on the coupling impedance matrix, the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array is determined so as to compensate for the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0010] On the other hand, the directional coupler is specifically a dual directional coupler, which includes a first end, a second end, a third end, and a fourth end. When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the second end, the third end, and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively. When the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the fourth end, the first end, and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively.

[0011] When measuring a set of two-channel measurement parameters using the first measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth ends of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are sequentially connected to the signal source output, the first input of the oscilloscope, the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n, and a matching load. The input / output of the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the second input of the oscilloscope through a filter of the first measurement circuit. The input / output of antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are connected to the matching load. The first S-parameter, second S-parameter, and third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are respectively the S-parameter from the input / output of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input of the oscilloscope, the S-parameter from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope, and the S-parameter from the signal source output to the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0012] When measuring a set of single-channel measurement parameters using the second measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth ends of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are sequentially connected to the signal source output, the first input of the oscilloscope, the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n, and the input of the filter of the second measurement circuit. The output of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input of the oscilloscope. The input / output of the antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n is connected to a matching load. The fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S-parameters from the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input of the oscilloscope, the S-parameters from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope, and the S-parameters from the signal source output to the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0013] On the other hand, the acquisition of measurement parameters for the antenna array includes:

[0014] The signal source output terminal is controlled to output a prediction reference signal; wherein, , Let be the prediction reference signal at time t. Here, j is the test frequency, j is the imaginary unit, and T is the period of the predicted reference signal.

[0015] Based on the input signal of one cycle input to the first and second input terminals of the oscilloscope and the seventh S parameter ,pass Determine either the second S-parameter or the fifth S-parameter; wherein, The input signal is the first input terminal of the oscilloscope. This is the input signal at the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. The S-parameters are the output of the signal source to the first input of the oscilloscope, and conj(·) is used to take the conjugate of the signal.

[0016] On the other hand, determining the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measured acquisition parameters includes:

[0017] Based on the measured and acquired parameters, using and Determine the S-parameter matrix; wherein, the S-parameter matrix is... , , and These are, in turn, the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter in each set of two-channel measurement parameters. , and These are, in turn, the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

[0018] On the other hand, determining the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix includes:

[0019] use Determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S-parameter matrix, E N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. s Let be the coupling impedance matrix.

[0020] On the other hand, the coupling coefficient matrix is ​​the matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array.

[0021] On the other hand, determining the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix includes:

[0022] use Determine the coupling coefficient matrix; wherein, Let E be the coupling coefficient matrix. N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. A For self-impedance, Z L This is the load impedance.

[0023] The present invention also provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising:

[0024] A measurement acquisition module is used to acquire measurement parameters of the antenna array; wherein, the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters acquired using a first measurement circuit and a single-channel measurement parameter acquired using a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N. 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0025] The S-parameter determination module is used to determine the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measured and acquired parameters.

[0026] The coupling impedance determination module is used to determine the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix.

[0027] The coupling coefficient determination module is used to determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0028] The present invention also provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising:

[0029] memory for storing computer programs;

[0030] A processor is configured to implement the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficients of the antenna array as described above when executing the computer program.

[0031] In addition, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array described above.

[0032] The present invention provides a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising: acquiring measurement and acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein the measurement and acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters acquired using a first measurement circuit and a single-channel measurement parameter acquired using a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of two-channel measurement parameters is N. 2-N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, second S-parameter, and third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, fifth S-parameter, and sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n; based on the measurement acquisition parameters, the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array is determined; based on the S-parameter matrix, the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array is determined; based on the coupling impedance matrix, the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array is determined, so as to use the coupling coefficient matrix to compensate for the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array.

[0033] As can be seen, this invention, by determining the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix and employing an impedance mutual coupling model, can transform the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient into the measurement of the S-parameters of a multi-port network, avoiding the influence of multipath effects in the signal model and ensuring the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient. Furthermore, the measurement process can be performed directly on the antenna array, without relying on an anechoic chamber, and without requiring disassembly or reassembly of the antenna array, thus enabling convenient determination of the mutual coupling coefficient of large-size antenna arrays, such as shortwave antenna arrays. In addition, this invention also provides a device, equipment, and computer program product for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, which also possesses the aforementioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the first measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the second measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of an antenna array mutual coupling coefficient determination device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array mutual coupling coefficient determination device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include:

[0043] Step 101: Obtain the measurement and acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein, the measurement and acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired using the first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired using the second measurement circuit.

[0044] Correspondingly, the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of measurement parameters for the two channels is N. 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0045] It is understood that the antenna array in this embodiment can be an antenna array that requires measurement to determine the coupling coefficient, such as a shortwave antenna array. The antenna array can include N antenna channels, that is, two or more antenna channels. For the antenna array with multiple antenna channels in this embodiment, the current on one antenna channel will cause voltage changes on another antenna channel, resulting in mutual coupling. Since each antenna channel in the antenna array has its own circuit impedance, each antenna channel can be modeled as a corresponding equivalent circuit according to the open-loop circuit voltage method in related technologies, thus obtaining the impedance-based mutual coupling model of the antenna array.

[0046] For example, each antenna channel can be modeled as a Thevenin equivalent circuit, resulting in, for instance, a Thevenin circuit. Figure 2The equivalent circuit of the antenna array shown. Figure 2 middle, These are the indices of the m-th and n-th antenna channels out of N antenna channels; This can represent the open-loop voltage of the equivalent circuit of antenna channel m; in transmit mode, It is the equivalent open-loop voltage transmitted to antenna channel m; in receive mode, It is the equivalent open-loop voltage generated by the air interface signal on the antenna channel m. It is the equivalent current of the m-th antenna channel; It is the coupling voltage generated by antenna channel n on antenna channel m, and ,in It can represent the coupling impedance between antenna channel n and antenna channel m. This represents self-impedance, used for radiating and receiving air interface electromagnetic waves; in transmit mode, this impedance radiates the signal into the air interface; in receive mode, this impedance receives the signal from the air interface and generates a self-impedance voltage in the equivalent circuit. . Let m be the load impedance of the antenna channel.

[0047] According to Kirchhoff's voltage law, for the equivalent circuit with N antenna channels, the following relationship can be obtained:

[0048] (1)

[0049] because And expressed in matrix and vector form, equation (1) can be written as:

[0050] (2)

[0051] In formula (2):

[0052] (3)

[0053] (4)

[0054] (5)

[0055] Through precise design, manufacturing, and antenna channel calibration, the load impedance and self-impedance of each antenna channel can be ensured to be consistent. In this embodiment, it can be set to... , , Therefore, it can Simplified to , and Defined as the coupling coefficient matrix, i.e.:

[0056] (6)

[0057] In equation (6), It can be an N-dimensional identity matrix. It can be a coupling impedance matrix:

[0058] (7)

[0059] Therefore, we can obtain:

[0060] (8)

[0061] Regarding the launch mode, This is the self-impedance voltage vector, i.e., the voltage radiated from the antenna to the air interface signal; to compensate for the effects of mutual coupling, the transmitted signal voltage can be... Left multiplying the coupling coefficient matrix Similarly, for the receiving mode, the received signal voltage can be... Left multiplying the coupling coefficient matrix The reverse.

[0062] In summary, the key to compensating for mutual coupling effects lies in obtaining the matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the load impedance in the matrix. and coupling impedance , . It is a self-impedance.

[0063] Correspondingly, for load impedance It can be obtained through circuit design. The value of . For coupling impedance In this embodiment of the invention, the S-parameter matrix of the equivalent circuit can be measured first; for N antenna channels, the S-parameter matrix can be expressed as:

[0064] (9)

[0065] The coupling impedance matrix is ​​obtained through the relationship between S-parameters and coupling impedance. Coupled impedance matrix It can be:

[0066] (10)

[0067] To address the issues of the large antenna size in this embodiment, which prevents measurement in an anechoic chamber (and further, makes repeated disassembly and reassembly impossible), and the significant multipath effect of the shortwave antenna array, which precludes measurement using signal model-based methods, this embodiment utilizes... Figure 3 and Figure 4The two measurement circuits shown (i.e., the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit) realize the S-parameter matrix (i.e., S... 1,1 To S N,N The measurement and determination of the S-parameter matrix are as follows: In other words, in this embodiment, the measurement acquisition parameters required to determine the S-parameter matrix can be conveniently measured and determined by using a first measurement circuit and a second measurement circuit, which include a directional coupler and a filter.

[0068] For S m,n , and Measurement confirmation is performed by connecting the antenna array (array under test) to the signal source output terminal (e.g., Figure 3 Taking the measurement of a set of two-channel measurement parameters corresponding to one antenna channel n (i.e., measurement input antenna channel n) and the corresponding antenna channel m connected to the filter (i.e., measurement response antenna channel m) as an example, it can be done by using... Figure 3 The scheme shown. Figure 3 In this setup, terminal 1 is the signal source output terminal, such as the output terminal of a signal source or arbitrary wave generator, used to output the reference signal required for the measurement parameters; terminals 2 and 5 are the first and second input terminals of the oscilloscope (i.e., a multi-port oscilloscope), respectively; terminals 3 and 4 are the input / output ports of antenna channel n and antenna channel m, respectively. A dual directional coupler can be used, including four ports: A, B, C, and D. If A is the input terminal, then B is the coupling terminal, C is the output terminal, and D is the isolation terminal; if C is the input terminal, then D is the coupling terminal, A is the output terminal, and B is the isolation terminal. A bandpass filter can be used to filter out interference; its center frequency and bandwidth are determined according to the test frequency. Terminals E and F are the input and output terminals of the filter, respectively. The input / output terminals of antenna channels other than antenna channel n and antenna channel m in the antenna array can be connected to corresponding matched loads.

[0069] Accordingly, the S-parameters can be measured based on the signals from terminals 1 and 5. (i.e., the second S-parameter); the S-parameter can be measured based on the signals from terminals 1 and 3. (i.e., the third S-parameter), since terminals 1 to 3 only contain passive components, they can be measured offline using a network analyzer; based on the signals from terminals 4 and 5, the S-parameter can be measured. (i.e., the first S-parameter), such as through offline measurement using a network analyzer; via It is possible to determine the S in the S-parameter matrix. m,n .

[0070] For S n,n , That is, the measurement confirmation of m=n is achieved by connecting the antenna array (the array under test) to the signal source output terminal (such as...). Figure 4Taking the measurement of a set of single-channel measurement parameters corresponding to one antenna channel n (i.e., the measurement input antenna channel n) at end 1 of the antenna (i.e., end 1) as an example, it can be done by using... Figure 4 The scheme shown is based on the following principles and Figure 3 The principles shown are similar, the difference lies in the processing of terminals 4 and 5. Figure 4 Terminal 4 is the input / output port of any antenna channel other than the input antenna channel n, and is connected to the matched load; the D terminal of the directional coupler (i.e., the dual directional coupler) is connected to terminal 5 through a filter, and terminal 5 is the second input terminal of the oscilloscope.

[0071] Accordingly, the S-parameters can be measured based on the signals from terminals 1 and 5. (i.e., the fifth S-parameter); the S-parameter can be measured based on the signals from terminals 1 and 3. (i.e., the sixth S-parameter), since terminals 1 to 3 only contain passive components, they can be measured offline using a network analyzer; based on the signals from terminals 3 and 5, the S-parameter can be measured. (i.e., the fourth S parameter), such as offline measurement using a network analyzer; through It is possible to determine the S in the S-parameter matrix. n,n In this embodiment, S m,n and S n,n Represents the matrix elements in the S-parameter matrix. , and The S-parameters between the measured ports are represented by the matrix element S. 5,4 With the corresponding first S-parameter They do not mean the same thing.

[0072] go through Figure 3 and Figure 4 The two measurement circuits shown sequentially measure each antenna channel, determining the complete S-parameter matrix, thereby calculating the coupling impedance matrix and combining it with the load impedance. Calculate the coupling coefficient matrix .

[0073] In other words, the directional couplers in the first and second measurement circuits in this embodiment can be specifically dual directional couplers. The dual directional coupler includes a first end (as described above, end A), a second end (as described above, end B), a third end (as described above, end C), and a fourth end (as described above, end D). When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the second, third, and fourth ends of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively. When the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the fourth end, the first end, and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively.

[0074] When measuring a set of two-channel measurement parameters using the first measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth terminals of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are connected sequentially to the signal source output terminal (as described in terminal 1 above), the first input terminal of the oscilloscope (as described in terminal 2 above), the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n (as described in terminal 3 above), and the matching load, and the input / output terminal of the measurement response antenna channel m (as described in terminal 3 above). Figure 3 Terminal 4 in the first measurement circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope (as described above, terminal 5) through the filter of the first measurement circuit. The input / output terminals of antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are connected to a matched load. The first S-parameter, second S-parameter, and third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are respectively the S-parameters from the input / output terminal of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. S-parameters from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope ( ) and the S-parameters from the signal source output to the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n. ).

[0075] When measuring a set of single-channel measurement parameters using the second measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth terminals of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are sequentially connected to the signal source output terminal, the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n, and the input terminal of the filter of the second measurement circuit. The output terminal of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. The input / output terminals of antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n are connected to a matching load. The fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S-parameters from the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. S-parameters from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope ( ) and the S-parameters from the signal source output to the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n. ).

[0076] Furthermore, although the output terminal of the signal source (such as the output terminal of a signal source or arbitrary wave generator) only needs to emit a single-tone signal of a certain power at the test frequency, the S-parameters of the corresponding test port can be obtained based on the input signal at the input port and the output signal at the output port; for example, the S-parameters can be measured directly from the signals at terminals 1 and 5 using a network analyzer. With S-parameters However, for shortwave antenna array systems, there are numerous interference signals in the environment. Interference within the bandwidth near the test frequency can be filtered out using analog and digital filters. But if there are co-frequency interference signals at the test frequency, a special reference signal needs to be designed for anti-interference processing. Therefore, in this embodiment, a periodic reference signal (i.e., a preset reference signal) in the following form can be used:

[0077] (11)

[0078] In equation (11), Let be the prediction reference signal at time t. The test frequency is defined by j, where j is the imaginary unit; T is the period of the predicted reference signal, which can be set. , The required frequency resolution for the communication system in which the antenna array is located; Indicates the floor function; Represents the remainder symbol.

[0079] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The key to the measurement and acquisition scheme shown lies in the S-parameters at terminals 1 and 5. or The measurement process involves S-parameters, which can be obtained based on the relationship between the transmitted signal at terminal 1 and the received signal at terminal 5. However, the oscilloscope cannot directly acquire the transmitted signal at terminal 1; it can only directly acquire the signals from terminals 2 and 5. Assuming the transmitted signal at terminal 1 is... The signal at both ends can be represented as ,in The S-parameters for terminals 1 and 2 (i.e., the seventh S-parameter) can be measured offline using a network analyzer; therefore... ,so It can be calculated using the sampled signals from terminals 2 and 5.

[0080] If the transmitted signal at end 1 is Then the signals at both ends are:

[0081] (12)

[0082] Terminal 5 includes the response from terminal 1 and interference from the air interface. Assuming that all interference except for interference at the same frequency is filtered out by the filter, the signal at terminal 5 is:

[0083] (13)

[0084] Where, and The S-parameters can be for terminals 1 and 5 ( or The amplitude and phase of ) and These are the amplitude and phase coefficients of interference at the same frequency.

[0085] In summary, by taking a signal of duration T from terminals 2 and 5, the S-parameters of terminals 1 and 5 can be obtained using the following formula:

[0086] (14)

[0087] In equation (14), It can represent the conjugate of the signal. That is, through... It can be obtained That is, the S-parameters of terminals 1 and 5 ( or In this embodiment, the interference at the same frequency can be filtered out after processing by the above formula through the waveform design of the periodic reference signal (i.e., the preset reference signal). Therefore, the S-parameters obtained eliminate the influence of interference at the same frequency and improve the estimation accuracy.

[0088] It should be noted that the specific method by which the processor acquires the measurement and acquisition parameters of the antenna array in step 101 can be set by the designer according to the practical scenario and user needs. For example, the processor can directly receive or read the measurement and acquisition parameters input by the user; that is, the user can build a measurement platform and use the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit to measure each antenna channel in sequence, obtain the measurement and acquisition parameters, and transmit them to the processor. The processor can also control the on / off state of the input / output terminals of the first and second measurement circuits in the measurement platform and each antenna channel to realize the automatic measurement of the measurement and acquisition parameters.

[0089] For example, the processor can control the output of the signal source to output a prediction reference signal; where, , Let be the prediction reference signal at time t. The test frequency is defined as j, where j is the imaginary unit and T is the period of the predicted reference signal. The test frequency is determined by the input signal of one cycle from the first and second input terminals of the oscilloscope and the seventh S-parameter. ,pass Determine the second S-parameter or the fifth S-parameter; where, This is the input signal at the first input terminal of the oscilloscope. This is the input signal at the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. The S-parameters are the output of the signal source to the first input of the oscilloscope. conj(·) is used to take the conjugate of the signal.

[0090] For example, the processor can control the test platform to... Figure 3After connecting the input / output terminals of the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, the first test circuit shown can control the output terminal of the signal source to output a single-tone signal of a certain power, and use a network analyzer to measure the S-parameters offline. , and The control signal source outputs the preset reference signal shown in equation (11) and samples the signal for one cycle at terminals 2 and 5 using an oscilloscope; thereby utilizing the S-parameters Calculate the S-parameters from the signals acquired by these two ports. Correspondingly, the processor can control the test platform to... Figure 4 The second test circuit shown is connected to the input / output terminals of the measurement input antenna channel n, and then controlled to acquire data in a similar manner. , and To determine the S-parameter matrix.

[0091] Step 102: Determine the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measured and acquired parameters.

[0092] Correspondingly, in this step, the processor can utilize and Determine the S-parameter matrix; where the S-parameter matrix is... , , and These are, in order, the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter in each group of two-channel measurement parameters. , and These are, in order, the fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

[0093] In other words, for the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter in each set of two-channel measurement parameters, respectively, it can be obtained through... Determine a corresponding S-parameter in the S-parameter matrix. For the fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters in each group of single-channel measurement parameters, respectively, it can be obtained through... Determine a corresponding S-parameter in the S-parameter matrix. .

[0094] Step 103: Determine the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix.

[0095] Accordingly, in this step, the processor can utilize the S-parameter matrix to... Determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S-parameter matrix, E N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix.s This is the coupling impedance matrix.

[0096] Step 104: Determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate for the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0097] In this embodiment, the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array can be the matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the impedance-based equivalent circuit model (such as the Thevenin equivalent circuit model) of each antenna channel in the antenna array. For example, when the coupling coefficient matrix is ​​the matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array, this step utilizes... Determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, Let E be the coupling coefficient matrix. N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. A For self-impedance, Z L This is the load impedance.

[0098] Correspondingly, when modeling each antenna channel in the antenna array using other impedance-based equivalent circuits, the coupling coefficient matrix can be determined by utilizing the correspondence between the coupling impedance matrix and the coupling coefficient matrix. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0099] Furthermore, in this embodiment, after determining the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array, the processor can also use the coupling coefficient matrix to compensate the signal to be transmitted by the antenna array to obtain a compensated transmission signal, and control the antenna array to output the compensated transmission signal to achieve transmission compensation of the antenna array, such as multiplying the voltage of the signal to be transmitted by the coupling coefficient matrix on the left; or, the coupling coefficient matrix can be used to compensate the original received signal received by the antenna array to obtain a compensated received signal, so as to perform subsequent processing on the compensated original received signal (i.e., the compensated received signal) to achieve reception compensation of the antenna array, such as multiplying the voltage of the original received signal by the inverse of the coupling coefficient matrix on the left.

[0100] In this embodiment, the present invention determines the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix and adopts an impedance mutual coupling model, which can transform the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient into the measurement of the S-parameters of the multi-port network, avoiding the influence of multipath effects in the signal model and ensuring the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient. Furthermore, the measurement process can be performed directly on the antenna array without relying on an anechoic chamber, and there is no need to disassemble or reassemble the antenna array, thus making it convenient to determine the mutual coupling coefficient of large-size antenna arrays such as shortwave antenna arrays.

[0101] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, this invention also provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. The device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to in correspondence.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of an antenna array mutual coupling coefficient determination device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0103] The measurement acquisition module 10 is used to acquire measurement parameters of the antenna array; wherein, the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters acquired using the first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters acquired using the second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of two-channel measurement parameters is N. 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0104] S-parameter determination module 20 is used to determine the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measured and acquired parameters;

[0105] The coupling impedance determination module 30 is used to determine the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix.

[0106] The coupling coefficient determination module 40 is used to determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0107] In some embodiments, the directional coupler is specifically a dual directional coupler, which includes a first end, a second end, a third end, and a fourth end. When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the second end, the third end, and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively. When the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the fourth end, the first end, and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively.

[0108] When measuring a set of two-channel measurement parameters using the first measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth terminals of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are connected sequentially to the signal source output terminal, the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n, and the matching load. The input / output terminal of the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope through the filter of the first measurement circuit. The input / output terminals of antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are connected to the matching load. The first S-parameter, second S-parameter, and third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are respectively the S-parameter from the input / output terminal of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, the S-parameter from the signal source output terminal to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, and the S-parameter from the signal source output terminal to the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0109] When measuring a set of single-channel measurement parameters using the second measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth terminals of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are connected sequentially to the signal source output terminal, the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n, and the input terminal of the filter of the second measurement circuit. The output terminal of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. The input / output terminals of antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n are connected to a matching load. The fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S-parameters from the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, the S-parameters from the signal source output terminal to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, and the S-parameters from the signal source output terminal to the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0110] In some embodiments, the measurement acquisition module 10 may include:

[0111] The control output submodule is used to control the output of the prediction reference signal from the signal source; wherein, , Let be the prediction reference signal at time t. Here, j is the test frequency, j is the imaginary unit, and T is the period of the predicted reference signal.

[0112] The measurement determination submodule is used to determine the input signal of one cycle input to the first and second input terminals of the oscilloscope and the seventh S-parameter. ,pass Determine the second S-parameter or the fifth S-parameter; where, This is the input signal at the first input terminal of the oscilloscope. This is the input signal at the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. The S-parameters are the output of the signal source to the first input of the oscilloscope. conj(·) is used to take the conjugate of the signal.

[0113] In some embodiments, the S-parameter determination module 20 may be specifically used to determine the S-parameters based on the measured parameters. and Determine the S-parameter matrix; where the S-parameter matrix is... , , and These are, in order, the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter in each group of two-channel measurement parameters. , and These are, in order, the fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

[0114] In some embodiments, the coupling impedance determination module 30 may be specifically used to utilize Determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S-parameter matrix, E N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. s This is the coupling impedance matrix.

[0115] In some embodiments, the coupling coefficient matrix is ​​the matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array.

[0116] In some embodiments, the coupling coefficient determination module 40 may be specifically used to utilize Determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, Let E be the coupling coefficient matrix. N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. A For self-impedance, Z L This is the load impedance.

[0117] In this embodiment, the coupling impedance determination module 30 determines the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix. By adopting the impedance mutual coupling model, the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient can be transformed into the measurement of the S-parameters of the multi-port network, avoiding the influence of multipath effects in the signal model and ensuring the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient. Furthermore, the measurement process can be performed directly on the antenna array without relying on an anechoic chamber, and there is no need to disassemble or reassemble the antenna array. This makes it convenient to determine the mutual coupling coefficient of large-size antenna arrays, such as shortwave antenna arrays.

[0118] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, this invention also provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. The device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to in correspondence.

[0119] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0120] Memory D1 is used to store computer programs;

[0121] Processor D2 is used to execute a computer program to implement the steps of the device method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array as provided in the above embodiments.

[0122] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, this invention also provides a computer program product. The computer program product described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to in correspondence.

[0123] A computer program product includes a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array as provided in the above embodiments.

[0124] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, this invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to in correspondence.

[0125] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array as provided in the above embodiments.

[0126] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatuses, devices, computer program products, and computer-readable storage media disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple, and relevant details can be found in the method section.

[0127] The present invention has provided a detailed description of a method, apparatus, device, and computer program product for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the invention. The descriptions of these embodiments are merely illustrative of the method and its core ideas. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, characterized in that, include: Acquire measurement and acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein, the measurement and acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters acquired using a first measurement circuit and a single-channel measurement parameter acquired using a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N. 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n; Based on the measured and acquired parameters, determine the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array; The coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array is determined based on the S-parameter matrix. Based on the coupling impedance matrix, the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array is determined so as to compensate for the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

2. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directional coupler is specifically a dual directional coupler, which includes a first end, a second end, a third end, and a fourth end. When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the second end, the third end, and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively. When the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the fourth end, the first end, and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end, and the isolation end, respectively. When measuring a set of two-channel measurement parameters using the first measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth ends of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are sequentially connected to the signal source output, the first input of the oscilloscope, the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n, and a matching load. The input / output of the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the second input of the oscilloscope through a filter of the first measurement circuit. The input / output of antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are connected to the matching load. The first S-parameter, second S-parameter, and third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are respectively the S-parameter from the input / output of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input of the oscilloscope, the S-parameter from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope, and the S-parameter from the signal source output to the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n. When measuring a set of single-channel measurement parameters using the second measurement circuit, the first, second, third, and fourth ends of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are sequentially connected to the signal source output, the first input of the oscilloscope, the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n, and the input of the filter of the second measurement circuit. The output of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input of the oscilloscope. The input / output of the antenna channels other than the measurement input antenna channel n is connected to a matching load. The fourth, fifth, and sixth S-parameters corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S-parameters from the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input of the oscilloscope, the S-parameters from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope, and the S-parameters from the signal source output to the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n.

3. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acquisition of measurement parameters for the antenna array includes: The signal source output terminal is controlled to output a prediction reference signal; wherein, , Let be the prediction reference signal at time t. Here, j is the test frequency, j is the imaginary unit, and T is the period of the predicted reference signal. Based on the input signal of one cycle input to the first and second input terminals of the oscilloscope and the seventh S parameter ,pass Determine either the second S-parameter or the fifth S-parameter; wherein, The input signal is the first input terminal of the oscilloscope. This is the input signal at the second input terminal of the oscilloscope. The S-parameters are the output of the signal source to the first input of the oscilloscope, and conj(·) is used to take the conjugate of the signal.

4. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measured and acquired parameters includes: Based on the measured and acquired parameters, using and Determine the S-parameter matrix; wherein, the S-parameter matrix is... , , and These are, in turn, the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter in each set of two-channel measurement parameters. , and These are, in turn, the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

5. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix includes: use Determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S-parameter matrix, E N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. s Let be the coupling impedance matrix.

6. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The coupling coefficient matrix is ​​the matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array.

7. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that, Determining the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix includes: use Determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, Let E be the coupling coefficient matrix. N Z is an N-dimensional identity matrix. A For self-impedance, Z L Z is the load impedance. s Let be the coupling impedance matrix.

8. A device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, characterized in that, include: A measurement acquisition module is used to acquire measurement parameters of the antenna array; wherein, the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters acquired using a first measurement circuit and a single-channel measurement parameter acquired using a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; both the first and second measurement circuits include directional couplers and filters; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N. 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S-parameter, the second S-parameter, and the third S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, where n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S-parameter, the fifth S-parameter, and the sixth S-parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n; The S-parameter determination module is used to determine the S-parameter matrix of the antenna array based on the measured and acquired parameters. The coupling impedance determination module is used to determine the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array based on the S-parameter matrix. The coupling coefficient determination module is used to determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array based on the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

9. A device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, characterized in that, include: memory for storing computer programs; A processor, configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficients of an antenna array as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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