Harvester loss rate test system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of loss rate testing, in particular to a harvester loss rate testing system. Comprising an operation state analysis module, a test area division module and a loss rate determination module. The operation state value of the test harvester is calculated by collecting the operation characteristics of the test harvester, so that the operation harvester matched with the operation state value is determined according to the operation state value and the specific model, and the loss rate of the test harvester which does not need to be tested is predicted by predicting the loss rate of a single farming area harvested by the operation harvester. The problem that the loss rate of the harvester is inconvenient to test under the influence or emergency condition is solved. Meanwhile, through the arrangement of a single farming area, the operation harvester is used for rapid testing, a loss rate testing area does not need to be independently arranged, testing does not need to be executed in the set loss rate testing area, therefore, the loss rate measuring efficiency of a large number of tested harvesters is improved, and the subsequent harvester can be directly applied to harvesting operation conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of loss rate testing, and in particular to a harvester loss rate testing system. Background Art

[0002] At present, when crops are harvested on the fields, harvesters are usually used to harvest the crops. Harvesting crops by harvesters not only saves labor costs, but also improves the harvesting efficiency of crops. However, in the process of harvesting crops by harvesters, in order to ensure the yield of harvested crops, loss rate tests are currently conducted on harvesters. The loss rate refers to the crop loss caused by the harvesters when harvesting crops. However, there are still the following problems when conducting loss rate tests on harvesters:

[0003] If there are multiple harvesters, it will take a long time to make them enter the crop test area one by one to test the loss rate, and it will not improve the test efficiency of the loss rate.

[0004] Among them, it is currently impossible to quickly determine the actual yield of crops in crops (such as crop test areas), which affects the efficiency of harvester loss rate testing.

[0005] It should also be noted that if the harvester that needs to be tested is far away from the crop testing area, or it is inconvenient to test due to other factors (such as tire damage, mechanical gear shift damage, etc.), then in this case, how to conveniently test the harvester that needs to test the loss rate so that the harvester can directly harvest crops later and avoid affecting the crop harvesting operation is also a problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a harvester loss rate testing system, which can effectively solve the problem in the prior art that if the harvester to be tested is not convenient for loss rate testing, it is currently impossible to test and predict the loss rate of a large number of harvesters.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a harvester loss rate testing system, which at least comprises:

[0009] The operation status analysis module is used to obtain the harvester that needs to be tested for loss rate and mark it as a test harvester, and if the test harvester is in a harvesting operation state, wherein:

[0010] If the harvesting operation is not in progress and the harvester test area cannot be reached:

[0011] Get the operating characteristics of the test harvester and calculate the operating status value loss of the test harvester sj ;

[0012] Get the harvester that is currently in the state of waiting to be harvested and build the target database;

[0013] According to the running status value loss of the test harvester sj With model fd x Determine the running status value loss in the target database sj and model fd x The same job harvester and builds a matching database;

[0014] A test area division module is used to obtain the farming area that needs to be harvested by the harvester in the matching database, and divide the farming area into single farming areas according to the terrain characteristics, soil characteristics and water distribution characteristics;

[0015] The loss rate determination module is used to collect image data of a single crop area and construct actual features of the crop area, thereby calculating the single yield of the single crop area, extracting an operating harvester from the matching database to perform crop harvesting in the single crop area, and obtaining the actual single yield harvested by the operating harvester, and obtaining the loss rate of the operating harvester based on the loss rate calculation formula, and applying the loss rate to the test harvester to predict the loss rate of the test harvester.

[0016] Running status value loss sj The calculation formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Where: loss sj is the operating status value, Tie is the usage time, S cg is the cutting wear value of the harvester cutter, Mj is the total number of harvester maintenance times, Dige is the threshing wear value of the thresher, Spte is the separation wear value of the separator, ti, sg, dg and st are the corresponding weight coefficients respectively, Mj is the total number of harvester maintenance times, and β is the constant correction coefficient.

[0019] Slicg, Dige or Spte are calculated according to the linear analysis model:

[0020]

[0021] Where: kd is the sum of the damaged points on the cutter, thresher or separator, sp is the area of ​​the damaged point, i is the area of ​​the i-th damaged point on the cutter, thresher or separator, n is the total number of damaged points, γ1 is the weight coefficient, WL is the number of repairs of the cutter, thresher or separator, Y sizeis the original dimension of the cutter, thresher or separator without wear, P size is the wear size after wear, and μ is the weight coefficient.

[0022] Topographic features include:

[0023] Slope state, aspect state, altitude state and terrain undulation state;

[0024] Soil characteristics include:

[0025] Soil texture, soil pH, and soil fertility;

[0026] Moisture distribution characteristics:

[0027] Including soil moisture content, groundwater level, and water infiltration and evaporation rates.

[0028] The actual characteristics of the work area are constructed as follows:

[0029] The image data of a single cropping area is collected by UAV and image preprocessing is performed. The vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI and crop height ZH of the single cropping area are calculated based on the image data. The calculation formula of the vegetation index NDIV is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where: NIR is the reflectivity of the near infrared band, Red is the reflectivity of the red light band;

[0032] The calculation formula of leaf area index LAI is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] Where: k is the extinction coefficient, NIR soil is the near-infrared reflectivity of bare soil;

[0035] The calculation formula of crop height ZH is as follows:

[0036] ZH=a×(NDIV-NDIV min ) b

[0037] Where: a and b are weight coefficients, NDIV min It is the minimum NDIV value for a crop type in a specific region and under specific conditions;

[0038] Thus, the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI and crop height ZH of different single cropping areas were obtained;

[0039] The area SL corresponding to a single cropping area is clarified, and the actual characteristics of the cropping area are constructed using the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI, crop height ZH, crop type and cropping area SL.

[0040] The prediction method for the test harvester loss rate is:

[0041] The actual characteristics of the cropping area are used to determine the actual characteristics of the historical cropping area that match the actual characteristics of the cropping area, thereby obtaining the historical crop yields corresponding to the actual characteristics of the historical cropping area;

[0042] Based on the application of historical crop yields to the actual characteristics of the current cropping area, the single yields of multiple different single cropping areas are obtained;

[0043] Extract multiple harvesters from the matching database to harvest crops in a single farming area;

[0044] Get the DCN of the single yield of a single crop area where the crop is harvested f , and obtain the actual single item yield DCN harvested by the harvester j , and the loss rate is calculated from this:

[0045]

[0046] Where: SDCf is the loss rate;

[0047] The average loss rate is obtained by taking the ratio of the sum of the loss rates SDCf corresponding to the same type of single-item agricultural areas of multiple different harvesters and the sum of the number of the same single-item agricultural areas. Average loss rate Predictive testing harvester.

[0048] Compared with the known prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] By collecting the operating characteristics of the test harvester to calculate its operating status value, the matching operating harvester is determined according to the operating status value and the specific model, so as to predict the loss rate of the test harvester that does not need to be tested by predicting the loss rate of the single agricultural area harvested by the operating harvester, thereby solving the problem that it is not convenient to perform loss rate testing on the test harvester under affected or emergency conditions;

[0050] At the same time, after setting up a single farming area and conducting rapid tests with operating harvesters, there is no need to set up a separate loss rate test area, and there is no need to go to the set loss rate test area to perform tests. This will speed up the efficiency of loss rate determination for a large number of test harvesters and facilitate subsequent harvesters to be directly used in harvesting operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0052] Figure 1 It is the overall module block diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0055] Example 1 (see Figure 1 ): Harvester loss rate test system, including at least:

[0056] The operation status analysis module is used to obtain the harvester that needs to be tested for loss rate and mark it as a test harvester, and to clarify whether the current test harvester is in the harvesting operation state. If it is not in the harvesting operation state and cannot reach the harvester test area (the crop area for testing the loss rate), the operation characteristics of the test harvester are obtained (it should be noted that the operation characteristics will affect the actual harvesting yield of the entire harvester during the process of harvesting crops, specifically affecting the harvesting and processing operations of crops). Based on the operation characteristics, the operation status value loss of the test harvester is analyzed. sj , where the running status value loss sj The calculation formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Where: Tie is the use time (the time from the time of being put into use to the present, in hours), Slicg is the cutting wear value of the harvester cutter, Mj is the total number of harvester maintenance times, Dige is the threshing wear value of the thresher, Spte is the separation wear value of the separator, ti, sg, dg and st are the corresponding weight coefficients respectively, Mj is the total number of harvester maintenance times, and β is the constant correction coefficient;

[0059] Slicg, Diqe or Spte are calculated according to the linear analysis model:

[0060]

[0061] Where: kd is the sum of the damaged points on the cutter (blade), thresher or separator, sp is the area of ​​the damaged point, i is the area of ​​the i-th damaged point on the cutter, thresher or separator, n is the total number of damaged points, γ1 is the weight coefficient, WL is the number of repairs of the cutter, thresher or separator, Y size is the original size of the cutter (cutting element, such as a blade, which will be described in the same way later, and will not be described here), thresher (threshing element) or separator (separating element) before wear, P size is the wear size after wear, μ is the weight coefficient, and Slicg, Dige and Spte are obtained.

[0062] Herein, the cutter refers to the part of the harvester that cuts crops, the thresher refers to the part of the harvester that separates crops, and the separator refers to the part of the harvester that separates grains (such as wheat, rice, corn, etc.) from straw and other impurities during the harvesting process (such as vibrating screens, centrifugal parts, etc.);

[0063] It is worth noting that, in the above scheme, the area of ​​the damaged point can be calculated by obtaining the shape of the damaged point using the corresponding area calculation formula, such as a circle, a triangle, a trapezoid, etc., which will not be elaborated here.

[0064] Furthermore, in this solution, the operating status value loss of the test harvester is sj When determining, since it is not in the harvesting operation state, in order to facilitate the rapid determination of the loss rate of the test harvester, the following steps are also included:

[0065] Get the harvester that is currently in the state of waiting to be harvested and build the target database;

[0066] Based on the running status value loss of the test harvester sj With model fd x Determine the running status value loss in the target database sj and model fd x The same job harvester is used to extract such job harvesters and build a matching database;

[0067] Thus, an operating harvester that can reflect the loss rate of the current test harvester is determined, and a loss rate test is performed on it to apply it to the test harvester. Specifically, it also includes:

[0068] The test area division module is used to obtain the farming area that the harvester needs to harvest in the matching database. The farming area refers to the area of ​​crops, and the farming area is divided into multiple single farming areas. It should be noted that the entire farming area is divided into multiple different single farming areas to facilitate the subsequent accurate measurement of the harvester loss rate.

[0069] In the above, it is worth mentioning that in order to more accurately and conveniently predict the single yield in a single farming area, when the farming area is divided into multiple single farming areas, the following steps are performed:

[0070] Obtain the topographic characteristics of the farming area, including slope, aspect, altitude, and terrain undulation;

[0071] Soil characteristics, including soil texture (clay or sand), soil pH, and soil fertility (determined by the amount of organic matter in the soil. Generally, the higher the organic matter content, the better the soil fertility, which is conducive to crop growth);

[0072] Water distribution characteristics, including soil moisture content, groundwater level, and water infiltration and evaporation rates;

[0073] Therefore, the farming area is divided into multiple independent single farming areas according to the above-mentioned terrain characteristics, soil characteristics and water distribution characteristics. That is to say, the single farming areas are divided with the same terrain characteristics, soil characteristics and water distribution characteristics to form multiple single farming areas corresponding to different terrain characteristics, soil characteristics and water distribution characteristics, so as to fully consider the impact of the external environment on the actual yield of crops, so that the subsequent prediction of the single yield of crops in multiple independent single farming areas will be more accurate.

[0074] The loss rate determination module is used to collect image data of a single cropping area through a drone, and calculate the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI and crop height ZH of the single cropping area based on the image data. The calculation formula of the vegetation index NDIV is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where: NIR is the reflectivity of the near infrared band, Red is the reflectivity of the red light band;

[0077] The calculation formula of leaf area index LAI is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Where: k is the extinction coefficient, NIR soil is the near-infrared reflectivity of bare soil;

[0080] The calculation formula of crop height ZH is as follows:

[0081] ZH=a×(NDIV-NDIV min ) b

[0082] Where: a and b are weight coefficients, NDIV min It is the minimum NDIV value for a crop type in a specific region and under specific conditions;

[0083] Thus, the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI and crop height ZH of multiple different single cropping areas are obtained, and the area SL corresponding to the single cropping area is clarified, and the actual characteristics of the cropping area are constructed with the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI, crop height ZH, crop type and cropping area SL. The actual characteristics of the cropping area are used to determine the actual characteristics of the historical cropping area that match it in the database (storing the corresponding actual characteristics in the historical crop area and the corresponding yield of the crop), thereby obtaining the historical crop yield corresponding to the actual characteristics of the historical cropping area, and applying the single yield of the actual characteristics of the current cropping area according to the historical crop yield, thereby obtaining the single yield of multiple different single cropping areas, thereby facilitating the subsequent test of the loss rate of the harvester after the single yield is determined, wherein the method of the loss rate test is as follows:

[0084] Extracting multiple harvesters from the matching database to harvest crops one by one in a single farming area in the farming area;

[0085] Get the DCN of the single yield of a single crop area where the crop is harvested f , and obtain the actual single item output DCN after the harvester harvests j , thus, the loss rate is calculated according to the loss rate calculation formula:

[0086]

[0087] Where: SDCf is the loss rate, thus, the corresponding loss rates of multiple single-item agricultural areas of the same type are obtained, where:

[0088] Considering that the loss rate SDCf corresponding to the collection operation harvester in a single agricultural area as the loss rate SDCf of the test harvester will have errors, therefore, the average loss rate is obtained by taking the ratio of the sum of the corresponding loss rates SDCf of multiple different operation harvesters in the same single agricultural area and the sum of the number of the same single agricultural area. By average loss rate The actual loss rate of the harvester is reflected in the operation, and the average loss rate is It is applied to test harvesters to solve the problem that it is inconvenient to perform loss rate test when the test harvester is not in harvesting operation.

[0089] It should be noted that if there are multiple test harvesters to be tested, this method can solve the problem of untimely loss rate testing of the test harvester due to its own factors (component failure factors) or inconvenience in reaching the harvester test area (far away from the harvester test area), affecting a large number of harvesters and their subsequent convenient execution of crop harvesting, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of emergency testing of the loss rate of the test harvester.

[0090] It is worth noting that in the present scheme, by marking the area that the working harvester is about to harvest and constructing a single farming area in real time, and by using the loss rate of the working harvester to test the harvester, when the loss rate of the test harvester is clearly determined, there is no need to separately set up and construct the harvester test area for testing the loss rate, thereby achieving a more convenient harvester loss rate test.

[0091] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Harvester loss rate test system, characterized in that: At least: The operation status analysis module is used to obtain the harvester that needs to be tested for loss rate and mark it as a test harvester, and if the test harvester is in a harvesting operation state, wherein: If the harvesting operation is not in progress and the harvester test area cannot be reached: Obtaining the operating characteristics of the test harvester and calculating the operating state value of the test harvester therefrom; Get the harvester that is currently in the state of waiting to be harvested and build the target database; According to the running status value loss of the test harvester sj With model fd x Determine the running status value loss in the target database sj and model fd x The same job harvester and builds a matching database; A test area division module is used to obtain the farming area that needs to be harvested by the harvester in the matching database, and divide the farming area into single farming areas according to the terrain characteristics, soil characteristics and water distribution characteristics; The loss rate determination module is used to collect image data of a single crop area and construct actual features of the crop area, thereby calculating the single yield of the single crop area, extracting an operating harvester from the matching database to perform crop harvesting in the single crop area, and obtaining the actual single yield harvested by the operating harvester, and obtaining the loss rate of the operating harvester based on the loss rate calculation formula, and applying the loss rate to the test harvester to predict the loss rate of the test harvester.

2. The harvester loss rate testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The running status value loss sj The calculation formula is as follows: Where: loss sj is the operating status value, Tie is the usage time, Slicg is the cutting wear value of the harvester cutter, Mj is the total number of harvester maintenance times, Dige is the threshing wear value of the thresher, Spte is the separation wear value of the separator, ti, sg, dg and st are the corresponding weight coefficients respectively, Mj is the total number of harvester maintenance times, and β is the constant correction coefficient.

3. The harvester loss rate testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Slicg, Dige or Spte are all calculated according to the linear analysis model: Where: kd is the sum of the damaged points on the cutter, thresher or separator, sp is the area of ​​the damaged point, i is the area of ​​the i-th damaged point on the cutter, thresher or separator, n is the total number of damaged points, γ1 is the weight coefficient, WL is the number of repairs of the cutter, thresher or separator, Y size is the original dimension of the cutter, thresher or separator without wear, P size is the wear size after wear, and μ is the weight coefficient.

4. The harvester loss rate testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain features include: Slope state, aspect state, altitude state and terrain undulation state; Soil characteristics include: Soil texture, soil pH, and soil fertility; Moisture distribution characteristics: Including soil moisture content, groundwater level, and water infiltration and evaporation rates.

5. The harvester loss rate testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for constructing the actual features of the work area is: The image data of a single cropping area is collected by UAV and image preprocessing is performed. The vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI and crop height ZH of the single cropping area are calculated based on the image data. The calculation formula of the vegetation index NDIV is as follows: Where: NIR is the reflectivity of the near infrared band, Red is the reflectivity of the red light band; The calculation formula of leaf area index LAI is as follows: Where: k is the extinction coefficient, NIR soil is the near-infrared reflectivity of bare soil; The calculation formula of crop height ZH is as follows: ZH=a×(NDIV-NDIV min ) b Where: a and b are weight coefficients, NDIV min It is the minimum NDIV value for a crop type in a specific region and under specific conditions; Thus, the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI and crop height ZH of different single cropping areas were obtained; The area SL corresponding to a single cropping area is clarified, and the actual characteristics of the cropping area are constructed using the vegetation index NDIV, leaf area index LAI, crop height ZH, crop type and cropping area SL.

6. The harvester loss rate testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prediction method of the test harvester loss rate is: The actual characteristics of the cropping area are used to determine the actual characteristics of the historical cropping area that match the actual characteristics of the cropping area, thereby obtaining the historical crop yields corresponding to the actual characteristics of the historical cropping area; Based on the application of historical crop yields to the actual characteristics of the current cropping area, the single yields of multiple different single cropping areas are obtained; Extract multiple harvesters from the matching database to harvest crops in a single farming area; Get the DCN of the single yield of a single crop area where the crop is harvested f , and obtain the actual single item yield DCN harvested by the harvester j , and the loss rate is calculated from this: Where: SDCf is the loss rate; The average loss rate is obtained by taking the ratio of the sum of the loss rates SDCf corresponding to the same type of single-item agricultural areas of multiple different harvesters and the sum of the number of the same single-item agricultural areas. Average loss rate Predictive testing harvester.

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