A kind of shaping seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaping seedling matrix and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of mushroom residue chicken manure fermented material; S2, preparation of modified sepiolite; S3, preparation of mixed slurry: evenly mix the mushroom residue chicken manure fermented material, peat, and modified sepiolite in step S1, add 4 times the weight of water, stir to a muddy state, then add polyurethane prepolymer and foaming agent solution, stir for 3-5min, and obtain a mixed slurry; S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam, mature, then demould and dry, and obtain the shaping seedling matrix. The shaping seedling matrix has high porosity and water absorption, suitable water retention and air permeability, and excellent mechanical properties, and can effectively maintain and regulate the moisture and nutrient content in the matrix, thereby ensuring the growth of plant seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation substrates, and in particular relates to a shaping seedling cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soilless cultivation has many advantages such as saving land, water and fertilizer, less environmental impact, fast crop growth, high yield, high quality, and fewer pests and diseases. It not only saves fertilizer, water and labor, simplifies the process, but also achieves the goals of high yield, high quality and high efficiency, making crop cultivation develop in the direction of industrialization and modernization. Seedling medium is the basis of container seedling technology, and container seedling is particularly suitable for the needs of industrialization and large-scale production, which can improve the efficiency of seedling production and the survival rate of seedlings.

[0003] Common seedling substrates are made of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a certain proportion. Because peat is rich in humus, has a rich fibrous structure, good permeability, and excellent water and fertilizer retention capabilities, it is generally considered to be one of the best substrate nutrient soil materials today. Although peat has many advantages as a substrate nutrient soil, it also has many problems, such as high prices, non-renewable, and environmental damage during the mining process. Perlite has a strong ability to absorb water, but it has poor water resistance and is easy to pulverize; vermiculite is also easy to pulverize over time; and long-term use of a certain substrate raw material will also reduce the air permeability and water retention of the cultivation substrate, which is not conducive to plant growth and development.

[0004] Traditional matrix is ​​directly used after raw material mixing, but for organic matter, its matrix texture is loose, light and powdery, which is not conducive to storage and transportation. Therefore, a large number of studies have been carried out on the molding matrix in the prior art. A variety of solid seedling blocks (compacted matrix) have also appeared on the market. However, this matrix is ​​owing to the pressure-maintaining by a mold, so that the matrix is ​​fixed under a certain pressure and temperature to achieve physical properties. However, since the matrix has high requirements for porosity, the matrix porosity is too small, which is not conducive to the absorption of water and the entry of air, causing the growth of seedlings to be affected, and the matrix formed by die extrusion is due to the pressure-maintaining, and the texture is relatively tight, especially after watering, the matrix specific gravity becomes large, which can cause the matrix to sink, and further compaction causes the matrix porosity to continuously become smaller, which is not conducive to cultivation.

[0005] Chinese patent application CN102898193 discloses a method for producing a seedling nutrient matrix using Chinese medicine residue compost. The inventive method first cuts the mixed medicinal residues from the Chinese medicine factory into segments, detects the moisture content, organic carbon content, and total nitrogen content of the medicinal residue segments and conditioners, and uses the medicinal residue segments and conditioners to configure the compost raw materials; the compost raw materials are aerobically stacked in a strip-type composting method, and after the composting period expires, the formed mature compost products are broken into matrix raw materials, and the matrix raw materials are evenly mixed with auxiliary materials as a seedling nutrient matrix. The Chinese medicine residue compost product obtained by the invention has a light texture, and its salt content, porosity, and nutritional components are closer to peat. It is not easy to have slow germination speed, weak seedlings, and burning seedlings. It is more suitable for seedling cultivation than general compost products. Chinese patent application CN103864517A discloses a method for producing a tobacco floating seedling matrix using wine lees and a tobacco floating seedling matrix. After fermenting and air-drying wine lees and mushroom residues into particles of ≤4 mm, carbonized rice husks with a particle size of ≤4 mm and willow leaves with a particle size of ≤4 mm are added, and mixed evenly in a blender to form a tobacco floating seedling matrix. The volume percentage of each solid component is: 30%-40% wine lees, 20-30% mushroom residues, 20%-30% carbonized rice husks (soaked in a 0.02% salicylic acid solution and dried), 10% decomposed willow leaves, and then mixed to obtain a seedling matrix. However, in the above patent, the method for preparing the seedling matrix is ​​complicated and time-consuming. More importantly, the above matrix is ​​granular or powdery, easy to loosen and crush, and inconvenient to transport, store and use.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a shaping seedling matrix with high porosity, water absorption, water retention and good mechanical properties. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a shaping seedling matrix and a preparation method thereof. The shaping seedling matrix has high porosity and water absorption, suitable water retention and air permeability, and excellent mechanical properties, and can effectively maintain and regulate the moisture and nutrient content in the matrix, thereby ensuring the growth of plant seedlings.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, then medical stone and ferrous sulfate are added, and then a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after mixing evenly, it is piled into long strips, and the initial moisture is controlled at 50-60%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed, and the pile fermentation is carried out, and the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained after the fermentation is completed;

[0011] S2, preparation of modified sepiolite: add sepiolite to an ethanol aqueous solution, then add γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, carry out a constant temperature reaction, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is completed to obtain a solid product; then add the solid product to deionized water, then add carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, adjust the pH to 11-12, heat the reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is completed to obtain the organic sepiolite; add the organic sepiolite to deionized water, then add a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate, stir evenly, then add urea and 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide, carry out a hydrothermal reaction, let stand after the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain the modified sepiolite;

[0012] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: the mushroom residue chicken manure fermented material in step S1, peat, and the modified sepiolite in step S2 are evenly mixed, 4 times the weight of water is added, and stirred until it becomes a muddy state, and then the polyurethane prepolymer and the foaming agent solution are added, and stirred for 3-5 minutes to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0013] S4, preparation of shaping seedling medium: pouring the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foaming and ripening, and then demoulding and drying to obtain the shaping seedling medium.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the amount of medical stone added is 0.4-0.7% of the mass of the mixture, the amount of ferrous sulfate added is 0.3-0.6% of the mass of the mixture, and the amount of microbial fermentation agent added is 0.5-1% of the mass of the mixture; the size of the long strip stack is 1-2m in bottom width, 0.6-1m in height, and 1-3m in length.

[0015] Preferably, the mushroom residue in step S1 is Pleurotus eryngii residue; the water content of the mushroom residue is 25-30%, and the water content of the chicken manure is 40-50%; the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the chicken manure is 60-70:30-40, the stacking fermentation time is 15-20 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55%-65% during the stacking fermentation.

[0016] In the present invention, mushroom residue and chicken manure are fermented together, and macromolecular organic matter is degraded by the action of microorganisms, while a large amount of heat is released, and pathogenic microorganisms, roundworm eggs, pest eggs, weed seeds, etc. are killed by high temperature, thereby achieving harmless and resourceful treatment of waste; on the other hand, medical stone and ferrous sulfate are added during fermentation, and medical stone absorbs nitrogen in compost through physical adsorbent to reduce nitrogen loss, and ferrous sulfate can directly react with ammonia-containing substances in compost to generate complexes, reduce odor, and accelerate compost maturity. The combined action of the two can promote the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus, and increase the organic matter content of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material.

[0017] Preferably, the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in step S2 is 70-80%, the mass ratio of sepiolite and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 50-60:8-12, the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 60-70°C, and the time is 2-3h.

[0018] In the present invention, sepiolite is reacted with γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to introduce active epoxy groups into the sepiolite, which can improve the dispersibility of the sepiolite on the one hand and facilitate the subsequent reactions on the other hand.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of the solid product, deionized water, carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is 50-60:800-900:5-10:5-10, and the temperature of the heating reaction is 80-90° C. and the time is 3-4 h.

[0020] In the present invention, sepiolite is reacted with carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, so that carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin are connected to the sepiolite. Carboxymethyl chitosan has good adsorption and hydrophilicity, which can further improve the water absorption performance of the sepiolite, while hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin has good sustained-release performance and can improve the water retention of the sepiolite. The two act together to make the modified sepiolite have good comprehensive performance.

[0021] Preferably, the concentration of aluminum ions in the mixed solution in step S2 is 0.2-0.4 mol / L, the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.6-1.2 mol / L, the mass volume ratio of the organic diatomaceous earth, the mixed solution, urea, and 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide is 50-60g:500-700mL:70-90g:10-15g, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 110-120°C, and the time is 10-14h; the temperature of the standing is 75-85°C, and the time is 10-15h.

[0022] In the present invention, layered bimetallic magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite is in-situ generated on organic sepiolite, which improves the dispersibility of the hydrotalcite and makes the hydrotalcite and the organic sepiolite have better looseness than direct blending, thereby preventing the hydrotalcite from being poorly dispersed due to its high density, resulting in uneven pore distribution of the seedling medium; at the same time, 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide is added in the process of generating the hydrotalcite, which can further improve the water retention of the medium, and the guanidino group has good antibacterial properties, so as to prevent the root system from being infected by pathogens; and 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide contains a large amount of amino groups, which can react with isocyanate groups in polyamino groups in the subsequent reaction process, thereby improving the bonding performance between the modified sepiolite and the polyurethane, and further improving the mechanical properties of the shaping seedling medium.

[0023] Preferably, the preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: add 90-100g of polyether diol into a three-necked flask, put it into a vacuum oven, heat it to 105-110°C and evacuate it to -0.1MPa, keep it for 1.5h, then cool it to 50°C, then add 20-30g of toluene diisocyanate, react in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-70°C for 2-3h, and obtain the prepolymer;

[0024] The preparation method of the foaming agent solution is as follows: 0.5-1g of stannous octoate and 1.5-2g of an organosilicon foam stabilizer are added into 20-30g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0025] In the present invention, polyurethane is added as an adhesive, so that the matrix has a loose and porous structure, the water absorption rate of the matrix is ​​improved, and the matrix also has good mechanical properties.

[0026] Preferably, in step S3, the mass ratio of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, peat, modified sepiolite, polyurethane prepolymer, and foaming agent solution is 20-30:40-50:30-40:80-100:15-25.

[0027] Preferably, the foaming temperature in step S4 is 80-90°C and the time is 30-40 minutes; the aging temperature is 60-80°C and the time is 3-5 hours.

[0028] The present invention also protects a shaping seedling medium prepared by the method as described above.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The shaping seedling matrix provided by the present invention, the fermented material of mushroom residue and chicken manure can increase the organic matter content of the matrix, and the peat has good water and fertilizer retention capacity, which is beneficial to maintaining the moisture and nutrient balance of the matrix; the modified sepiolite can improve the physical structure of the matrix, increase the air permeability and water retention, and can also improve the sustained release performance of the matrix and enhance the stability of the matrix; the three are mixed and foamed with polyurethane to form a porous structure of the matrix. The polyurethane is used as an adhesive to effectively improve the mechanical properties of the matrix, so that the matrix has excellent comprehensive properties.

[0031] (2) The shaping seedling matrix provided by the present invention is added with chicken manure and mushroom residue fermentation material, and the mushroom residue and chicken manure are fermented together, and the macromolecular organic matter is degraded by the action of microorganisms, and a large amount of heat is released at the same time. Pathogenic microorganisms, roundworm eggs, pest eggs, weed seeds, etc. are killed by the high temperature, thereby achieving harmless and resource-based treatment of waste; on the other hand, medical stone and ferrous sulfate are added during the fermentation. Medical stone absorbs nitrogen in the compost through a physical adsorbent to reduce nitrogen loss, and ferrous sulfate can directly react with ammonia-containing substances in the compost to form a complex, reduce odor, and accelerate the composting. The combined action of the two can promote the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus, and increase the organic matter content of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermentation material.

[0032] (3) The modified sepiolite added to the shaping seedling matrix provided by the present invention can improve the water retention and air permeability of the matrix. The sepiolite is reacted with γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to introduce epoxy groups on the sepiolite, and then the epoxy diatomaceous earth is grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrinamine, so that carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin are introduced into the diatomaceous earth. Carboxymethyl chitosan has good adsorption and hydrophilicity, which can further improve the water absorption performance of sepiolite. Finally, magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite is in situ generated on the organic sepiolite. The layered structure of the hydrotalcite can slow down the loss of water in the matrix and improve the water retention of the matrix. At the same time, its internal pore structure also makes The matrix has good air permeability, so that the obtained seedling matrix has excellent comprehensive performance. At the same time, 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide is added in the process of generating hydrotalcite. 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide contains a large number of amino groups and amide groups, which can not only improve the water absorption and antibacterial properties of seaweed stone, but also improve the water retention of modified sepiolite, which can further improve the water retention of the matrix and ensure that the roots of crops can obtain sufficient water and nutrients. At the same time, the amino group in 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide can react with the isocyanate group in the polyamino group in the subsequent reaction process, thereby improving the bonding performance between the modified sepiolite and the polyurethane, and then improving the mechanical properties of the shaping seedling matrix. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a picture of the finished product of the shaping seedling matrix prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The organosilicon foam stabilizer was purchased from Shandong Huibang New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., model AK8805; the polyether diol was purchased from Tonglan New Energy Technology Development (Shandong) Group Co., Ltd., which is polypropylene oxide ether diol, model DL2000D, with a molecular weight of 2000; the particle size of the sepiolite is 325 mesh, and the particle size of the medical stone is 200 mesh; the microbial fermentation agent was purchased from Weifang Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the number of viable bacteria was 5×108 cfu / g, and the main components are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus laterosporus, yeast, cellulase, ligninase, protease, etc. The nutrient content of the mushroom residue and chicken manure is as shown in Table 1:

[0035] Table 1 Nutrient content of mushroom residue and chicken manure

[0036] raw material Organic carbon% Total nitrogen% Total phosphorus % Total Potassium % C / N Ratio Mushroom residue 41.36 1.43 1.87 2.15 27.03 Chicken manure 29.84 1.38 1.46 0.93 21.62

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture during the stacking fermentation is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained;

[0040] S2, preparation of modified sepiolite: 55g of sepiolite was added to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol was 75%), and then 10g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was reacted at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a solid product; then 55g of the solid product was added to 850g of deionized water, and then 8g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 7g of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin were added, the pH was adjusted to 12, and the mixture was reacted at 85°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain the organic sepiolite; 55g of the organic sepiolite was added to 300g of deionized water, and then 600mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions was 0.3mol / L and the concentration of magnesium ions was 0.9mol / L) was added, and 80g of urea and 13g of 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide, hydrothermally reacting at 115° C. for 12 hours, standing at 80° C. for 13 hours after the reaction is completed, then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified sepiolite;

[0041] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: 25g of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material in step S1, 45g of peat, and 35g of modified sepiolite in step S2 were mixed evenly, 4 times the weight of water was added, and stirred until muddy, then 90g of polyurethane prepolymer and 20g of foaming agent solution were added, and stirred for 4min to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0042] S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam it at 85°C for 35 minutes, then mature it at 70°C for 4 hours, then demould and dry it to obtain the shaping seedling matrix.

[0043] The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 95g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 110°C and evacuated to -0.1MPa, maintained for 1.5h, then cooled to 50°C, then 25g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and the reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at 65°C for 2.5h to obtain the prepolymer;

[0044] The preparation method of the foaming agent solution is as follows: 0.8 g of stannous octoate and 1.8 g of organosilicon foam stabilizer AK8805 are added to 25 g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.5% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.4% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.7% of the mass of the mixture is inoculated with a microbial fermentation agent, and after mixing uniformly, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 17 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65% during the stacking fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained;

[0048] S2, preparation of modified sepiolite: 55g of sepiolite was added to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol was 75%), followed by adding 8-12g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacted at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a solid product; then 55g of the solid product was added to 850g of deionized water, followed by adding 7g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 8g of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, and the pH was adjusted to 11. The mixture was reacted at 85°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain the organic sepiolite; 55g of the organic sepiolite was added to 300g of deionized water, followed by adding 600mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions was 0.25mol / L and the concentration of magnesium ions was 0.75mol / L), and stirred evenly before adding 75g of urea and 12g of 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide, hydrothermally reacting at 115° C. for 12 hours, standing at 80° C. for 12 hours after the reaction is completed, then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the modified sepiolite;

[0049] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: 25g of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material in step S1, 45g of peat, and 35g of modified sepiolite in step S2 were mixed evenly, 4 times the weight of water was added, and stirred until muddy, then 90g of polyurethane prepolymer and 20g of foaming agent solution were added, and stirred for 4min to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0050] S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam it at 85°C for 35 minutes, then mature it at 70°C for 4 hours, then demould and dry it to obtain the shaping seedling matrix.

[0051] The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 95 g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 105° C. and evacuated to -0.1 MPa, maintained for 1.5 h, then cooled to 50° C., then 25 g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and the reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at 65° C. for 2.5 h to obtain the prepolymer;

[0052] The foaming agent solution is prepared as follows: 0.7 g of stannous octoate and 1.7 g of organosilicon foam stabilizer AK8805 are added to 25 g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed uniformly in a mass ratio of 60:40 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.4% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.3% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.5% of the mass of the mixture is inoculated with a microbial fermentation agent, and after mixing uniformly, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1m, a height of 0.6m, and a length of about 1m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 50%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 20 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture during the stacking fermentation is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained;

[0056] S2. Preparation of modified sepiolite: 50 g of sepiolite was added to 800 g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol was 70%), followed by adding 8 g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacted at a constant temperature of 60° C. for 3 h. After the reaction was completed, the solid product was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a solid product; then 50 g of the solid product was added to 800 g of deionized water, followed by adding 5 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 5 g of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, and the pH was adjusted to 11. The mixture was reacted at 80° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the organic sepiolite was obtained by filtering, washing, and drying; 50 g of the organic sepiolite was added to 300 g of deionized water, followed by adding 500 mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions was 0.2 mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions was 0.6 mol / L), stirring well, and then adding 70 g of urea, 10 g of 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide, hydrothermally reacting at 110° C. for 14 h, standing at 75° C. for 15 h after the reaction is completed, then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified sepiolite;

[0057] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: 20g of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material in step S1, 40g of peat, and 30g of modified sepiolite in step S2 were mixed evenly, 4 times the weight of water was added, and stirred until muddy, then 80g of polyurethane prepolymer and 15g of foaming agent solution were added, and stirred for 3min to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0058] S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam it at 80°C for 40 minutes, then mature it at 60°C for 5 hours, then demould and dry it to obtain the shaping seedling matrix.

[0059] The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 90g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 105°C and evacuated to -0.1MPa, maintained for 1.5h, then cooled to 50°C, then 20g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and reacted in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60°C for 3h to obtain the prepolymer;

[0060] The foaming agent solution is prepared as follows: 0.5 g of stannous octoate and 1.5 g of organosilicon foam stabilizer AK8805 are added to 20 g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 70:30 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.7% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.6% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 1% of the mass of the mixture is inoculated with a microbial fermentation agent, and after mixing uniformly, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 2m, a height of 1m, and a length of about 3m, the initial moisture is controlled at 60%, ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out, and the pile fermentation is carried out. The pile fermentation time is 15 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture during the pile fermentation is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained;

[0064] S2, preparation of modified sepiolite: 60g of sepiolite was added to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol was 80%), and then 12g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was kept at a constant temperature for 2h at 70°C. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a solid product; then 60g of the solid product was added to 900g of deionized water, and then 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10g of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin were added, the pH was adjusted to 12, and the mixture was reacted at 90°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain the organic sepiolite; 60g of the organic sepiolite was added to 300g of deionized water, and then 700mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions was 0.4mol / L and the concentration of magnesium ions was 1.2mol / L) was added, and 90g of urea and 15g of 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide, hydrothermally reacting at 120° C. for 10 hours, standing at 85° C. for 10 hours after the reaction is completed, then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified sepiolite;

[0065] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: 30g of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material in step S1, 50g of peat, and 40g of modified sepiolite in step S2 were mixed evenly, 4 times the weight of water was added, and stirred to a muddy state, followed by adding 100g of polyurethane prepolymer and 25g of foaming agent solution, and stirring for 5min to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0066] S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam it at 90° C. for 30 minutes, then mature it at 80° C. for 3 hours, then demould and dry it to obtain the shaping seedling matrix.

[0067] The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 100 g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 110° C. and evacuated to -0.1 MPa, maintained for 1.5 h, then cooled to 50° C., then 30 g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and reacted in a nitrogen atmosphere at 70° C. for 2 h to obtain the prepolymer;

[0068] The foaming agent solution is prepared as follows: 1 g of stannous octoate and 2 g of organosilicon foam stabilizer AK8805 are added into 30 g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0071] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture during the stacking fermentation is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained;

[0072] S2, preparation of modified sepiolite: 55g of sepiolite was added to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol was 75%), and then 10g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was reacted at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a solid product; 55g of the solid product was added to 300g of deionized water, and then 600mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions was 0.3mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions was 0.9mol / L) was added, and after stirring, 80g of urea and 13g of 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide were added, and the mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 115°C for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was allowed to stand at 80°C for 13h, and then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the modified sepiolite;

[0073] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: 25g of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material in step S1, 45g of peat, and 35g of modified sepiolite in step S2 were mixed evenly, 4 times the weight of water was added, and stirred until muddy, then 90g of polyurethane prepolymer and 20g of foaming agent solution were added, and stirred for 4min to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0074] S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam it at 85°C for 35 minutes, then mature it at 70°C for 4 hours, then demould and dry it to obtain the shaping seedling matrix.

[0075] The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 95g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 110°C and evacuated to -0.1MPa, maintained for 1.5h, then cooled to 50°C, then 25g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and the reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at 65°C for 2.5h to obtain the prepolymer;

[0076] The preparation method of the foaming agent solution is as follows: 0.8 g of stannous octoate and 1.8 g of organosilicon foam stabilizer AK8805 are added to 25 g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0077] Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, sepiolite was not reacted with carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] A method for preparing a shaping seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:

[0080] S1, preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are carried out for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture during the stacking fermentation is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained;

[0081] S2. Preparation of modified sepiolite: 55 g of sepiolite was added to 800 g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol was 75%), and then 10 g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added, and the mixture was reacted at a constant temperature of 65° C. for 2.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a solid product; then 55 g of the solid product was added to 850 g of deionized water, and then 8 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 7 g of hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin were added, the pH was adjusted to 12, and the mixture was reacted at 85° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the organic sepiolite; 80 g of urea was added to 600 mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions was 0.3 mol / L and the concentration of magnesium ions was 0.9 mol / L), and the mixture was hydrothermally reacted at 115° C. for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was allowed to stand, filtered, washed, and dried, and then mixed evenly with 55 g of the organic sepiolite to obtain the modified sepiolite.

[0082] S3, preparation of mixed slurry: 25g of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material in step S1, 45g of peat, and 35g of modified sepiolite in step S2 were mixed evenly, 4 times the weight of water was added, and stirred until muddy, then 90g of polyurethane prepolymer and 20g of foaming agent solution were added, and stirred for 4min to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0083] S4, preparation of shaping seedling matrix: pour the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foam it at 85°C for 35 minutes, then mature it at 70°C for 4 hours, then demould and dry it to obtain the shaping seedling matrix.

[0084] The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 95g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 110°C and evacuated to -0.1MPa, maintained for 1.5h, then cooled to 50°C, then 25g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and the reaction is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at 65°C for 2.5h to obtain the prepolymer;

[0085] The preparation method of the foaming agent solution is as follows: 0.8 g of stannous octoate and 1.8 g of organosilicon foam stabilizer AK8805 are added to 25 g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

[0086] Compared with Example 1, the present invention directly mixes the organic sepiolite and the hydrotalcite to obtain the modified sepiolite, and does not add 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide.

[0087] The properties of the matrix prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested, as follows:

[0088] Density was tested according to GB / T 6343-2009 "Determination of apparent density of foam plastics and rubber". The sample was cut into blocks of 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm, the size was accurately measured with a vernier caliper, the mass was weighed with a balance, and the matrix density was calculated;

[0089] Weigh the dry modular shaping seedling matrix (W1), immerse it in water for 24 hours, take out the module, wipe off the water droplets on the surface of the module with absorbent paper, and weigh it again after there are no water droplets (W2). Calculate the water absorption rate: water absorption rate = (W2-W1) / W1×100%.

[0090] Weigh the shaping seedling matrix module (m1) and immerse it in water. Take out the module after 24 hours, wipe off the surface water droplets with absorbent paper, and place it on the wire mesh in a natural environment for 7 days before weighing it again (m2). Calculate the water retention rate: water retention rate = (m2-m1) / m1×100%.

[0091] The tensile strength is measured according to GB / T 6344-2008 "Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break of flexible foam polymeric materials". The test results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0092] Table 2 Matrix performance test results

[0093] Group <![CDATA[Density (kg / m 3 )]]> Water absorption (%) Water retention rate (%) Tensile strength(kPa) Example 1 247 528 68.2 415 Example 2 265 511 67.1 439 Example 3 283 486 65.6 427 Example 4 236 542 69.5 412 Comparative Example 1 279 381 56.3 336 Comparative Example 3 251 534 73.4 283

[0094] As can be seen from Table 2 above, the shaping seedling substrates prepared in Examples 1-4 of the present invention have good looseness, air permeability, and water absorption, and also have suitable water retention rate and good mechanical properties, which can create a good growth environment for plant roots; in Comparative Example 1, since carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin were not added, the water absorption and water retention of the substrate were poor, and in Comparative Example 2, since hydrotalcite and diatomaceous earth were directly mixed, the water retention rate of the substrate was too high, the air permeability was poor, and no covalent bond was formed between the hydrotalcite and the polyurethane, resulting in a significant decrease in mechanical properties.

[0095] 300 tomato seedlings of the same variety and batch with vigorous growth were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each with 100 seedlings. The substrates prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were used for cultivation respectively. Other management was the same. After 60 days of cultivation, the cultivation effect was observed, and the survival rate and root rot rate were calculated. The results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0096] Table 3 Tomato cultivation effect

[0097] Survival rate / % Root rot rate / % Example 1 95 2 Comparative Example 1 84 6 Comparative Example 3 88 9

[0098] It can be seen from Table 3 above that the shaping seedling substrate prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of seedlings and reduce the phenomenon of crop root rot.

[0099] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific implementation examples. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0100] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a shaping seedling medium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material: mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, then medical stone and ferrous sulfate are added, and then a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and the mixture is evenly piled into long strips, and the initial moisture is controlled at 50-60%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed, and the pile fermentation is carried out. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained; S2, preparation of modified sepiolite: add sepiolite to an ethanol aqueous solution, then add γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, carry out a constant temperature reaction, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is completed to obtain a solid product; then add the solid product to deionized water, then add carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin, adjust the pH to 11-12, heat the reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is completed to obtain an organic sepiolite; add the organic sepiolite to deionized water, then add a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate, stir evenly, then add urea and 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide, carry out a hydrothermal reaction, let stand after the reaction is completed, filter, wash and dry to obtain the modified sepiolite; S3, preparation of mixed slurry: the mushroom residue chicken manure fermented material in step S1, peat, and the modified sepiolite in step S2 are evenly mixed, 4 times the weight of water is added, and stirred until it becomes a muddy state, and then the polyurethane prepolymer and the foaming agent solution are added, and stirred for 3-5 minutes to obtain a mixed slurry; S4, preparation of shaping seedling medium: pouring the mixed slurry in step S3 into a mold, foaming and ripening, and then demoulding and drying to obtain the shaping seedling medium; The mass ratio of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, peat, modified sepiolite, polyurethane prepolymer and foaming agent solution in step S3 is 20-30:40-50:30-40:80-100:15-25.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of medical stone added is 0.4-0.7% of the mass of the mixture, the amount of ferrous sulfate added is 0.3-0.6% of the mass of the mixture, and the amount of microbial fermentation agent added is 0.5-1% of the mass of the mixture; the size of the long strip stack is 1-2m in bottom width, 0.6-1m in height, and 1-3m in length.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mushroom residue in step S1 is Pleurotus eryngii residue; the water content of the mushroom residue is 25-30%, and the water content of the chicken manure is 40-50%; the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the chicken manure is 60-70:30-40, the stacking fermentation time is 15-20 days, the temperature is 50-60°C, and the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55%-65% during the stacking fermentation.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in step S2 is 70-80%, the mass ratio of sepiolite and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 50-60:8-12, the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 60-70° C., and the time is 2-3 hours.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the mass ratio of the solid product, deionized water, carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is 50-60:800-900:5-10:5-10, and the heating reaction temperature is 80-90° C. and the time is 3-4 hours.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of aluminum ions in the mixed solution in step S2 is 0.2-0.4 mol / L, the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.6-1.2 mol / L, the mass volume ratio of the organic sepiolite, the mixed solution, urea, and 4-amino-N-guanidinobenzenesulfonamide is 50-60 g:500-700 mL:70-90 g:10-15 g, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 110-120 ° C, and the time is 10-14 h; the standing temperature is 75-85 ° C, and the time is 10-15 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polyurethane prepolymer in step S3 is as follows: 90-100g of polyether diol is added into a three-necked flask, placed into a vacuum oven, heated to 105-110°C and evacuated to -0.1MPa, maintained for 1.5h, then cooled to 50°C, then 20-30g of toluene diisocyanate is added, and the mixture is reacted in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-70°C for 2-3h to obtain the prepolymer; The preparation method of the foaming agent solution is as follows: 0.5-1g of stannous octoate and 1.5-2g of an organosilicon foam stabilizer are added into 20-30g of deionized water, and the mixture is mixed evenly.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the foaming temperature is 80-90°C and the time is 30-40 minutes; the aging temperature is 60-80°C and the time is 3-5 hours.

9. A shaping seedling medium prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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