Carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint evaluation method in operation process of pinus massoniana

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutralization, and discloses a carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint evaluation method in a masson pine operation process. According to the method, based on a full life cycle dynamic evaluation principle of a masson pine operation process and product production, the masson pine operation and product production process is divided into two sub-stages: a forestation stage and a product production stage; the method comprises the following steps: tracking production activity input and output of process units in each stage, constructing a life cycle list, constructing a carbon footprint accounting model of masson pine operation and product production processes by using an emission factor method according to different activities and carbon emission types, and meanwhile, carrying out uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to realize scientific carbon footprint accounting. The technical gap of carbon footprint accounting of the whole life cycle of the timber forest product is filled, the transparency and accuracy of the whole industry chain accounting of the forestry product are improved, the process low-carbon regulation and production technology improvement are facilitated, the cost is further reduced, the supply chain is comprehensively optimized, and the overall carbon footprint is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutrality, and specifically relates to a carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method in a Masson pine management process. Background Art

[0002] Masson pine plantations can absorb up to 115,000 tons of carbon dioxide each year, making an important contribution to global carbon sinks. However, Masson pine operations face risks such as pine caterpillar and pine wilt disease, resulting in poor forest quality and low forest stock.

[0003] The existing rosin processing technology is mainly based on intensive mechanical production. The dissolution and distillation processes consume electricity, natural gas and other fuels. At the same time, one ton of rosin produces about 3 tons of organic wastewater, which imposes a certain degree of burden on the environment. In addition, the drying kilns used in large quantities in pine wood processing consume a lot of energy during operation, and the peeling, planing and sawing tools used in the processing process are also energy-consuming tools.

[0004] Carbon emission accounting refers to the process of systematically evaluating and quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions of a subject within a specific boundary within a specific time period. Accounting usually includes the following steps: first, determine the carbon emission sources (such as direct and indirect emission sources) and clarify the various emission links in the production activities or service provision process; second, collect activity data, including original data on energy consumption, human activities, material use, waste treatment, etc.; finally, based on industry standards or relevant accounting guidelines, select appropriate emission factors or accounting methods to scientifically and accurately calculate and summarize greenhouse gas emissions. In this patent, the carbon emissions of the Masson pine management process are accounted for, that is, the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly generated by manpower, machinery, goods, and energy use during the cultivation, afforestation, tending, harvesting and processing of Masson pine seedlings, and the component allocation method are calculated to evaluate its impact on greenhouse gas emissions while generating economic benefits.

[0005] The production and operation of Masson pine and its product processing involve afforestation, felling, rosin processing, and other links. To calculate the carbon emissions of Masson pine, it is necessary to determine the flowchart, system boundary, and process unit of Masson pine production and operation; for the material input in the process, select the appropriate functional unit and calculate the carbon emissions of each functional unit. The existing patent CN115187142A discloses a carbon footprint estimation method and device for garden green space, which takes garden green space plants as the accounting object for carbon footprint accounting. The accounting stages include the production and transportation of raw materials, the construction of garden green space, and the carbon footprint of the landscaping. The five stages of construction, operation and demolition are divided into three parts, but it does not conduct a carbon footprint assessment on the operation and processing of Masson pine. The existing patent CN118014393A discloses a carbon footprint accounting method and system for the economic forest seed breeding stage, which divides the economic forest seed breeding stage into the seed selection sub-stage, the greenhouse cultivation sub-stage and the field seedling and rejuvenation sub-stage, and divides the input categories into eight sub-stages: energy, fertilizer, pesticide, reagent, consumables, labor, transportation and waste disposal. However, it only calculates the carbon emissions for the single stage of seedling cultivation, and fails to calculate the operation and processing process.

[0006] Carbon emission accounting helps to scientifically assess the environmental impact of forest management, optimize management measures, improve forest quality, and provide data support for policy making and international commitments. In addition, accounting can enhance the market competitiveness of Masson pine products, promote the green economy, provide important information for scientific research and environmental education, and promote management strategies that adapt to climate change. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment in the Masson pine management process to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for the Masson pine management process includes the following steps:

[0009] (a) Divide the life cycle of Masson pine management and product production into sub-stages and determine the system boundaries, functional units and trade-off criteria for emissions;

[0010] (b) Collect production information of each stage of Masson pine management and product processing, determine the carbon emission inventory of each stage, analyze the carbon emission inventory of the Masson pine management process over the life cycle, and determine the input and output inventory of each stage;

[0011] (c) determine the calculation methods, allocation procedures, data requirements and emission factors for each stage;

[0012] (d) Use the emission factor method to construct a carbon emission accounting model, and use the carbon emission accounting model of each stage to obtain the total carbon emissions of the Masson pine management and product production process;

[0013] (e) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] (1) Provide a carbon emission accounting method for Masson pine production and management and a product carbon footprint assessment system, filling the gap in carbon emission accounting for Masson pine forest management and product processing in China;

[0016] (2) The present invention clarifies the system boundaries, functional units and selection criteria of Masson pine management and product processing, and systematically and rigorously considers all emission systems and emission conditions;

[0017] (3) The carbon emission accounting method of the present invention systematically covers the management and processing of Masson pine in detail, and diversifiedly covers several major carbon emission accounting methods for Masson pine forest management and product processing;

[0018] (4) Using the carbon emission accounting method of the present invention, a series of important emission coefficients for the operation and product processing of Masson pine are provided to the existing carbon emission library, contributing to the carbon footprint research of the forestry industry;

[0019] (5) The present invention divides Masson pine management and product processing into two sub-stages for carbon footprint accounting, and calculates the carbon footprint of management and production in detail, making the carbon footprint calculation more accurate;

[0020] (6) The present invention achieves accurate carbon footprint calculation by making detailed and meticulous divisions of the stages, processes and input categories of operation and processing;

[0021] (7) The present invention has taken into account different management and harvesting methods and different processing methods in detail, making the process more refined.

[0022] (8) Broaden the starting point of life cycle assessment in existing carbon footprint accounting patents, cover the key links of the economic forest breeding stage, more extensively consider carbon emissions within the life cycle, and provide more detailed and comprehensive carbon footprint information;

[0023] (9) Through detailed analysis of emission proportions, it is possible to accurately divide and quantify the emission sources in different activities or processes, providing more insightful and practical carbon footprint information for industrial decision-making, and promoting the sustainable development of my country's forestry production;

[0024] (10) Comprehensively display key factors, including uncertainty, sensitivity, and emission proportion, making it easier for practitioners to understand and make full use of carbon footprint data, which promotes the practical application of carbon footprint accounting and the accuracy of industry decision-making;

[0025] (11) Leading the innovation of carbon footprint accounting in the field of pine resin and pine timber production, establishing a systematic framework that comprehensively considers all life cycle stages of Masson pine management, by addressing uncertainties, considering long cycles, and optimizing data integration;

[0026] (12) Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the carbon emission accounting method and product carbon footprint assessment system of Masson pine production and operation of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is the boundary diagram of the afforestation sub-stage system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a system boundary diagram of the rosin processing process of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is the boundary diagram of the wood processing process system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1-Figure 4 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0032] The present invention discloses a method for carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment in a Masson pine management process. The method is based on the full life cycle dynamic evaluation principle of the Masson pine management process and product production, and divides the Masson pine management and product production process into two sub-stages: the afforestation stage and the product production stage; the production activity input-output of the process units in each stage is tracked, and a life cycle inventory is constructed. According to different activities and carbon emission types, an emission factor method is used to construct a carbon footprint accounting model for the Masson pine management and product production process, and uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are performed simultaneously to achieve scientific carbon footprint accounting, fill the technical gap in the full life cycle carbon footprint accounting of timber forest products, improve the transparency and accuracy of the accounting of the entire industrial chain of forestry products, and contribute to process-based low-carbon regulation and production technology improvement, further reduce costs, comprehensively optimize the supply chain, and reduce the overall carbon footprint.

[0033] like Figure 1 The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for the Masson pine management process includes the following steps:

[0034] (a) Divide the life cycle of Masson pine management and product production into sub-stages and determine the system boundaries, functional units and trade-off criteria for emissions;

[0035] (b) Collect production information of each stage of Masson pine management and product processing, determine the carbon emission inventory of each stage, analyze the carbon emission inventory of the Masson pine management process over the life cycle, and determine the input and output inventory of each stage;

[0036] (c) determine the calculation methods, allocation procedures, data requirements and emission factors for each stage;

[0037] (d) Use the emission factor method to construct a carbon emission accounting model, and use the carbon emission accounting model of each stage to obtain the total carbon emissions of the Masson pine management and product production process;

[0038] (e) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality.

[0039] The present invention divides the Masson pine management process into two sub-stages for carbon emission accounting, namely the afforestation sub-stage and the product production sub-stage:

[0040] Masson pine management refers to a series of management and utilization activities of Masson pine forests to ensure the sustainable production and ecological services of Masson pine resources. According to the use requirements, the forest types are divided into short-cycle industrial timber forests, large-diameter timber forests and timber-resin forests;

[0041] Masson pine short-cycle industrial timber forest refers to a forest stand that shortens the cultivation cycle, increases the yield per unit area, obtains the best economic benefits, and provides raw materials or large-diameter timber for the forest products industries such as pulping, papermaking, and wood-based panels, as well as the construction, furniture, and decoration industries by using improved varieties and strong seedlings and implementing intensive management;

[0042] Large-diameter Masson pine timber management forest refers to a Masson pine forest that focuses on cultivating high-quality large-diameter timber, taking into account multiple functions such as biodiversity conservation, soil restoration and forest carbon sequestration, and aims to comprehensively improve forest quality and ecosystem service functions.

[0043] Masson pine timber and resin forest refers to a forest that optimizes wood production and efficiently collects pine resin through scientific management and comprehensive utilization, prolongs the forest management cycle, enhances the multiple values ​​of resources, and provides sustainable raw material supply for pine resin processing industries such as chemicals, medicines, and spices, as well as wood utilization fields such as construction, furniture, and pulp.

[0044] The afforestation sub-stage refers to the cultivation of a healthy, uniformly growing Masson pine forest with desired characteristics based on Masson pine seedlings through a series of measures and techniques such as forest land preparation, seedling planting, and nurturing management; it includes land preparation and afforestation, nurturing management, product harvesting and transportation, etc.

[0045] Land preparation and afforestation refers to the process from forest land preparation (clearing, land preparation, digging holes, fertilization) to the actual planting of seedlings, aiming to provide the best growth starting point for Masson pine seedlings. The land preparation methods include strip land preparation, block land preparation, and fish scale pit land preparation. The afforestation methods include seedling planting, direct seeding, container seedling planting, and cutting planting.

[0046] Strip land preparation refers to the process of digging continuous or spaced strip trenches along the contour lines at a certain spacing and width to form strips of forest land. It is mainly used in mountainous or hilly areas with large slopes.

[0047] Block land preparation refers to dividing the afforestation land into block areas of a certain size and intensively cultivating and improving the soil in these areas to provide better growth conditions for seedlings. The advantages are that it can effectively improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and drainage, while reducing overall disturbance to the entire afforestation land, saving planting costs and protecting soil ecology. It has now been widely used in Masson pine forestry planting;

[0048] Fish scale pit land preparation refers to digging a series of semicircular or fan-shaped pits arranged like fish scales on the hillside to form a stepped terrain. It is suitable for steep slopes. The advantages are that it can slow down water flow, reduce soil erosion, improve soil conditions, and provide a good growth environment for trees.

[0049] Seedling planting refers to a method of afforestation that uses already cultivated Masson pine seedlings and plants them directly on the afforestation land according to a certain plant spacing and density. Its advantage is that it can quickly restore or increase forest coverage. It is suitable for various forest conditions, especially for conditions that require rapid forest establishment.

[0050] Direct seeding refers to a method of afforestation in which seeds are directly sown on the afforestation land. This method can save the cost of raising seedlings, is suitable for Masson pine species that do not require high seed sowing conditions, and can quickly achieve vegetation coverage over a large area;

[0051] Container seedling afforestation refers to the method of using Masson pine seedlings cultivated in containers for afforestation. The containers used are usually plastic film cups and non-woven container cups. The cultivation substrate is usually peat soil, coconut bran, perlite, etc. It has the advantages of improving survival rate, facilitating management and transportation, and ensuring growth consistency.

[0052] Nurturing management refers to the management and care of Masson pine forests to promote their healthy growth and development. It involves density adjustment, pruning, weeding, fertilization, pest and disease control, etc., aiming to increase the growth rate of Masson pine forests, optimize the structure and quality of trees, and achieve better economic and ecological benefits.

[0053] Density control refers to the use of thinning, pruning and tending to ensure that the density of Masson pine stands remains within the optimal growth range;

[0054] Harvesting and transportation refers to the process of obtaining products using different harvesting methods according to different uses after the Masson pine matures. Masson pine products mainly include wood, pine resin and pine pollen;

[0055] The product processing sub-stage refers to the production of a variety of Masson pine products that meet market demand and quality standards using Masson pine wood and rosin as raw materials through a series of measures and technologies such as felling, preliminary treatment, drying, processing, deep processing, quality control, packaging, storage and transportation. These products include but are not limited to wood processed products such as furniture, flooring, building components, and chemical raw materials such as rosin and turpentine extracted from rosin, ultimately achieving efficient utilization of Masson pine resources and maximizing economic value. Masson pine products include the following:

[0056] Masson pine wood refers to the product processed from the wood part of Masson pine. It has uniform texture, moderate strength, strong corrosion resistance and bright color. It has excellent performance and is easy to saw, plan and glue, making it an excellent choice for making furniture, building components, shipbuilding, pulp and artificial boards, etc.

[0057] Rosin refers to the natural resin secreted from the trunk of Masson pine, which is mainly composed of terpene compounds, fatty acids and alcohols. It has a wide range of industrial and medical uses. In the chemical industry, it is used to produce soaps, paints, varnishes, adhesives, inks, etc. In the medical field, it has anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects. In the food industry, it is used as chewing gum and food additives, in agriculture as a solvent or carrier for pesticides, and can also be used as a raw material for biofuels.

[0058] Pine pollen refers to the pollen released by the stamens of Masson pine. The pollen from the Masson pine tree is a light yellow fine powder with significant medicinal effects of astringent hemostasis and drying dampness and healing sores. In addition, it is also a nutritious natural health product that contains a variety of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which helps to enhance immunity and resist fatigue.

[0059] Specifically, the sub-stage division refers to the scientific and reasonable division of stages according to time intervals in the process of Masson pine management and product processing to facilitate the determination of system boundaries and the accounting of carbon emissions, specifically:

[0060] The afforestation sub-stage includes three main links: land preparation and afforestation, tending management, and harvesting and processing; the activities involved in the land preparation and afforestation stage are preliminary preparations for providing wood or other forest by-products for downstream wood processing plants and chemical raw material plants, including forest land clearing, soil preparation, digging holes, planting seedlings or sowing, etc.; the tending sub-stage refers to density adjustment, pruning, weeding, fertilization, pest and disease control and other measures for Masson pine forests. These activities are aimed at increasing the growth rate of Masson pine forests, optimizing the structure and quality of trees, and achieving better economic and ecological benefits, mainly including young forest tending, pruning, thinning, forest fertilization and other processes; the harvesting and processing sub-stage refers to the felling and processing of mature Masson pine forests to obtain their forest products and corresponding industrial raw materials, which includes pine pollen harvesting, rosin collection and transportation, wood felling and transportation, etc.;

[0061] The forest clearing process refers to the process of selecting the afforestation area, selecting the forest land and environment suitable for the growth of Masson pine, mainly including clearing weeds and setting up firebreaks; the clearing process is carried out manually or mechanically;

[0062] Land preparation refers to the process of transplanting greenhouse seedlings from greenhouse nursery beds to field plots in field nurseries, including edging and digging holes;

[0063] The planting process refers to the process of daily management and maintenance of field plots, mainly including the application of basal fertilizer, planting, and soil cultivation;

[0064] The replanting process refers to the inspection of seedlings after planting, timely detection of seedlings that have not survived and replanting of a new batch of seedlings, including seedling inspection, cleaning, and replanting;

[0065] Young forest tending refers to watering and fertilizing the Masson pine forest in accordance with standards to ensure the healthy growth of the young forest, including activities such as loosening the soil, weeding, expanding holes, and cultivating the soil;

[0066] Pruning is the process of cutting back, trimming, and shaping growing Masson pine trees to promote healthy growth and improve appearance;

[0067] Thinning refers to the removal of diseased, dead, heterogeneous, and shaped trees or trees with no future for cultivation in Masson pine forests based on forest management and forest ecosystem protection to promote the growth and health of the remaining trees. This logging method is to improve the growth environment of the forest, increase the density, quality, and overall health of the forest, and ensure forest health and sustainability.

[0068] Forest fertilization refers to the fertilization of Masson pine forests in the late growth period to promote the growth and health of trees;

[0069] Pine pollen harvesting refers to the process of collecting and utilizing pollen produced by Masson pine trees when their stamens begin to release pollen, which is used for processing and breeding;

[0070] Rosin harvesting refers to the collection of rosin or rosin from Masson pine trees for use in downstream chemical product processing;

[0071] Timber harvesting refers to the removal of trees that have reached the timber demand by manual or mechanical felling;

[0072] Transportation refers to the process of transporting Masson pine products from the raw material production area to the processing plant. The main modes are land transportation, railway transportation, and cargo ship transportation;

[0073] The product production sub-stages include the processing of rosin and pine wood. The processing of rosin includes dissolution, coarse filtration, clarification, condensation recovery, distillation and packaging; the processing of pine wood includes debarking, sawing, planing, drying, chemical treatment and packaging at the lumberyard;

[0074] Resin dissolution refers to heating the collected solid rosin to fully melt it into liquid form in preparation for subsequent filtration and purification;

[0075] Coarse filtration of rosin refers to the use of screens or other filtering devices to initially remove larger impurities such as bark and sawdust from the rosin;

[0076] Resin clarification refers to the removal of suspended small particles of impurities by adding chemical clarifiers or by standing to improve the transparency and purity of the rosin;

[0077] Rosin condensation recovery refers to cooling the clarified liquid rosin to make it solidify again, while recovering part of the used hot oil or solvent;

[0078] Rosin distillation refers to the separation of rosin and turpentine in rosin through a distillation tower. These two components have different boiling points and can be effectively separated through the distillation process.

[0079] Rosin packaging refers to the quality inspection of the distilled rosin and turpentine, and packaging according to specifications after passing the inspection, ready to enter the market;

[0080] Timber yard debarking refers to the debarking of felled logs at the lumberyard to remove the surface bark and impurities in preparation for the next step of processing;

[0081] Timber sawing refers to sawing the peeled logs into boards, squares or other shapes according to the specifications;

[0082] Wood planing refers to planing the sawn wood to ensure accurate size, smooth surface and meet the standards for processing and use;

[0083] Wood drying refers to reducing the moisture content of wood and the risk of cracking and deformation through natural drying or controlled artificial drying process;

[0084] Chemical treatment of wood: according to the needs, the wood is treated with chemicals such as anti-corrosion, insect-proof and fire-proof to improve the durability and performance of the wood;

[0085] Wood packaging: sorting and packaging of dried and chemically treated wood in preparation for downstream processing.

[0086] Furthermore, determining the system boundaries and functional units means determining the activities of the two sub-stages of Masson pine management and product processing and determining the inputs and emissions of each activity:

[0087] 1. The system boundary of the afforestation sub-stage is "from the nursery gate to the forest gate", which includes the whole process from forestland preparation to mature tree felling, involving activities such as land preparation and afforestation, tending management, harvesting and transportation, as well as the material and energy input, machinery use, chemical application and related environmental impacts in these processes;

[0088] 2. The system boundary of the product processing sub-stage is "from the forest gate to the processing plant gate", covering the entire process from the collection and preliminary processing of raw materials to the manufacture, packaging and storage of the final product, including but not limited to the key steps of dissolving, filtering, clarifying, distilling, condensing and recovering rosin, and peeling, sawing, planing, drying and chemical treatment of wood, while taking into account the energy consumption, material use, waste management and potential impact on the environment in this process;

[0089] The present invention divides different functional units according to different sub-stages:

[0090] The functional units of the afforestation stage are divided into two categories: one hectare of Masson pine forestland in the afforestation and tending stages, which is used as the benchmark unit for evaluating resource input and environmental emissions during the afforestation and tending management process; the functional unit of the harvesting and transportation stage is 1 cubic meter of felled logs or 1 kilogram of pine resin and pine pollen products, which is used to calculate the resource use and environmental impact during the harvesting and transportation of products;

[0091] The functional units of the product processing sub-stage are 1 kg of rosin and turpentine products produced and 1 cubic meter of wood produced, which are used as the benchmarks to assess the environmental impact of rosin products and wood production.

[0092] Furthermore, the allocation procedure refers to the allocation of materials, energy, transportation, and outputs in the afforestation and product processing processes using a quality-based allocation method:

[0093] The material allocation refers to the allocation of materials required in the process of afforestation and product production;

[0094] The materials invested in the afforestation stage include Masson pine seedlings, compound fertilizers, pesticides, lubricating oil, fertilizers, packaging bags, resin collectors, resin receivers, etc.

[0095] Material inputs in the product production process include: solvents, water and packaging barrels, paints, chemical coatings, hydraulic oil, etc.;

[0096] The energy allocation mentioned above refers to the allocation of energy required in the afforestation stage and product production process;

[0097] Energy inputs in the afforestation phase include: fuel consumed in transporting seedlings, electricity and fuel consumed by land preparation and planting machinery, fuel consumed by spraying machinery, and electricity and fuel consumed during harvesting and transportation. Second, the labor input in the whole process is also included.

[0098] Energy inputs to the wood production process include: propane consumed by propane equipment used for power generation or heating in wood processing plants, diesel and gasoline consumed by sawing and planing machines, grid electricity consumed by on-site facilities, and electricity generated by kiln drying furnaces; natural gas consumed in the drying process;

[0099] Energy inputs in the rosin production process include: energy consumed during the operation of the dissolver, clarifier, condenser, distillation tower, oil-water separator, conveyor, stabilization tank, transition tank, and salt filter;

[0100] The transportation process in the afforestation stage includes: ① transportation from the nursery to the afforestation site, ② transportation of products from the afforestation site to the processing plant;

[0101] The output distribution refers to the distribution of various outputs in the process of producing wood and rosin products, and is characterized in that every 1,000 kilograms of rosin processed can produce 760 kilograms of rosin and 160 kilograms of turpentine.

[0102] Furthermore, determining the emissions inventory means collecting production and input information during the operation phase:

[0103] The raw material collection data: including the number and type of planted seedlings and land preparation methods, obtained through on-site measurement and statistics;

[0104] The production process data: covers fuel consumption and transportation distance during material transportation, and energy and water usage during processing, obtained by recording the operating time and efficiency of production equipment;

[0105] The emission data include the quantity and composition of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste, especially greenhouse gas emissions, obtained through regular sampling and analysis; (d) Data collection for the afforestation sub-stage includes:

[0106] Details of land preparation and inputs of machinery and seedlings were obtained from the person in charge of afforestation;

[0107] Obtain detailed information on seedling transportation and interviews with transportation drivers;

[0108] Energy consumption details were obtained from transport drivers and those responsible for machinery operations;

[0109] The labor cost of planting was obtained from the managers of the afforestation projects and the attendance record book.

[0110] Detailed information on inputs of materials, fertilizers, and chemicals during the tending phase was obtained from the tending managers;

[0111] Detailed information on transport energy consumption is obtained from transport drivers;

[0112] The labor consumption during the rearing process is obtained from the attendance record book;

[0113] Detailed information on the input of machinery for the harvesting and transportation process is obtained from the harvesting person in charge;

[0114] Obtaining detailed information on the transportation of wood, rosin and pine pollen and interviews with transportation drivers;

[0115] Energy consumption details were obtained from transport drivers and those responsible for machinery operations;

[0116] The labor costs for harvesting and transportation were obtained from the managers of logging and resin tapping and the attendance record books;

[0117] Data collection for product processing sub-stages includes:

[0118] Record the model and power of the machines used, including cutters, shredders, cookers, hot presses, planers, sanders, trimmers, mixing equipment, etc.;

[0119] Record the usage time of each machine to ensure efficient use of equipment;

[0120] Record the energy consumption of each machine, including electricity and fuel consumption, to facilitate optimal management of energy use;

[0121] Record the method of drying the boards, such as kiln, boiler, etc., and record the related wood scraps, natural gas, coal consumption and water consumption;

[0122] Record the energy consumed by the machines used: dissolvers, clarifiers, condensers, distillation columns, oil-water separators, conveyors, stabilization tanks, transition tanks, salt filters;

[0123] Record the amount of solvent and water added, and record the amount of packaging barrels added;

[0124] Record the labor consumption during the whole process.

[0125] Furthermore, emission factor acquisition refers to collecting emission coefficients of input data to calculate its carbon footprint, which is characterized in that the collected databases include Ecoinvent database, ELCD database, CLCD database, CPCD database, and GaBi database to collect emission factors in raw materials, energy, transportation, etc.

[0126] Furthermore, carbon emission accounting refers to the carbon footprint accounting of different inputs for each sub-stage, process and link, including on-site energy use, fertilizers, pesticides, reagents, consumables, labor, transportation and waste disposal:

[0127] (1) Afforestation stage:

[0128] Energy use at the afforestation site mainly refers to the energy consumption of land preparation machinery and felling machinery. There is a formula:

[0129]

[0130] in:

[0131] E 能源 Input the carbon footprint for on-site energy use in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0132] AD 电力 is the electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours (Kwh);

[0133] EF 电力 is the electricity emission factor, expressed in kgCO2e / Kwh;

[0134] AD x is the consumption of fuel a (excluding fuel consumption during the transportation phase) in liters (L);

[0135] U ex is the fuel consumption per unit time of machine m, in liters per hour (L / h);

[0136] ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m;

[0137] T e is the working time of machine m, in hours d(h);

[0138] EF x is the IPCC emission factor of greenhouse gas g produced by fuel a, in kgCO2e / KJ;

[0139] Q xIt is the average lower calorific value of fuel a, in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L).

[0140] Fertilizer usage refers to compound fertilizer used in the process of tending and resin collection. The formula is:

[0141]

[0142] in:

[0143] E 肥料 Input carbon footprint for fertilizer use in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0144] M x The amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time, in kilograms / square kilometer / time;

[0145] f x is the average frequency of fertilizer application of fertilizer x in one year, in times;

[0146] EF 肥料 is the emission factor of fertilizer x during the production process, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0147] For pesticide use, most insecticides, herbicides and fungicides are used only when specific pest attacks occur in Masson pine forests, and their annual consumption during the production phase is expressed in kilograms of product. From a methodological point of view, they are evaluated in the same way as fertilizers.

[0148] As for the use of reagents, it refers to the fat collection accelerator used in the fat collection process, and there is a formula:

[0149]

[0150] in:

[0151] E 试剂 Invest in carbon footprint for chemicals in each stage;

[0152] AD x is the input amount of each chemical agent x, in kilograms (kg);

[0153] IC x,y is the content of active ingredient y of each chemical agent x;

[0154] EF y is the emission factor for the active ingredient y of each chemical agent x, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0155] For the use of consumables, it is regarded as a flowing resource because the utility of this material is gradually exhausted in the production process, including seedling packaging bags, grease receivers, packaging bags, packaging barrels, etc. There is a formula:

[0156]

[0157] in:

[0158] AD x is the consumption of consumable x, in kilograms (kg);

[0159] EF x It is the emission factor of consumable x in the production process, in kgCO2e / kg.

[0160] For manual use, there is the formula:

[0161] E 人工 =P×D×EF 人工

[0162] Where: P is the number of workers;

[0163] D is the total working days;

[0164] EF 人工 Calculated by the energy method, the unit is kilogram carbon dioxide equivalent / (person·day) (kgCO2 / (person·day)).

[0165] For transportation use, including the transportation of raw materials and seedlings, the calculation of the fuel part included in the on-site energy use is to transport rosin and logs to the processing plant, and to transport fertilizers and pesticides to the afforestation site. The formula is:

[0166]

[0167] in:

[0168] E 运输 For the carbon footprint of the transportation process;

[0169] D x is the transport distance in kilometers (Km);

[0170] U a is the fuel consumption per unit transport distance, in liters per kilometer (L / Km);

[0171] EF a is the IPCC emission factor of greenhouse gas g produced by fuel a, in kgCO2e / KJ;

[0172] Q ais the average lower calorific value of fuel a, in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L);

[0173] ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of vehicle m.

[0174] (h) For the treatment of logging waste, there is a formula:

[0175]

[0176] in:

[0177] E 废物 for the carbon footprint of waste treatment;

[0178] L p Proportion of landfill disposal;

[0179] I p Proportion of incineration;

[0180] W i is the mass of waste i;

[0181] EF L is the emission factor for waste landfill, EF P Emission factors for incineration and landfill disposal.

[0182] (2) Product processing sub-stage:

[0183] Energy use at the processing site mainly refers to the use of many processing machines in the processing plant. There is a formula:

[0184]

[0185] in:

[0186] E 能源 Input the carbon footprint for on-site energy use in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0187] AD 电力 is the electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours (Kwh);

[0188] EF 电力 is the electricity emission factor, expressed in kgCO2e / Kwh;

[0189] AD x is the consumption of fuel a (excluding fuel consumption during the transportation phase) in liters (L);

[0190] U ex is the fuel consumption per unit time of machine m, in liters per hour (L / h);

[0191] ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m;

[0192] T e is the working time of machine m, in hours d(h);

[0193] EF x is the IPCC emission factor of greenhouse gas g produced by fuel a, in kgCO2e / KJ;

[0194] Q x It is the average lower calorific value of fuel a, in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L).

[0195] For reagent use, it refers to the chemical preservatives and solvents added during the processing process. There is a formula:

[0196]

[0197] in:

[0198] E 试剂 Invest in carbon footprint for chemicals in each stage;

[0199] AD x is the input amount of each chemical agent x, in kilograms (kg);

[0200] IC x,y is the content of active ingredient y of each chemical agent x;

[0201] EF y is the emission factor for the active ingredient y of each chemical agent x, in kgCO2e / kg;

[0202] For consumables, it is regarded as a flowing resource because the utility of this material is gradually exhausted in the production process, including water, packaging barrels, etc. There is a formula:

[0203]

[0204] in:

[0205] AD x is the consumption of consumable x, in kilograms (kg);

[0206] EF x It is the emission factor of consumable x in the production process, in kgCO2e / kg.

[0207] For manual use, there is the formula:

[0208] E人工 =P×D×EF 人工

[0209] in:

[0210] P is the number of workers;

[0211] D is the total working days;

[0212] EF 人工 Calculated by the energy method, the unit is kilogram carbon dioxide equivalent / (person·day) (kgCO2 / (person·day)).

[0213] For processing waste treatment, there is a formula:

[0214]

[0215] in:

[0216] E 废物 for the carbon footprint of waste treatment;

[0217] L p Proportion of landfill disposal;

[0218] I p Proportion of incineration;

[0219] W i is the mass of waste i;

[0220] EF L is the emission factor for waste landfill, EF P Emission factors for incineration and landfill disposal.

[0221] Furthermore, the Masson pine management and product production process was divided into the afforestation sub-stage and the product processing sub-stage for carbon emission accounting;

[0222] Carbon emissions in the afforestation sub-stage refer to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy during afforestation, tending, felling and transportation. The formula is:

[0223] E 营造林 =(E 能源 +E 肥料 +E 物料 +E 人工 +E 运输 +E 化学品 +E 废弃物处理 )

[0224] The carbon emissions in the product processing sub-stage refer to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy during the processing of the two products. The formula is:

[0225] E产品加工 =(E 能源 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 废弃物处理 +E 物料 )

[0226] In summary, the carbon emission accounting method and product carbon footprint assessment of Masson pine production and operation refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the consumption of environmental resources and energy in the four processes of land preparation and afforestation, tending management, harvesting and transportation, and product processing. The formula is:

[0227] E total =(E 营造林 +E 产品加工 )

[0228] Furthermore, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of Masson pine production and product production was conducted to analyze the emission proportion and data quality, including the following steps:

[0229] (i) Evaluate the impact of raw material supply fluctuations on carbon emissions during seedling production, land preparation and afforestation, nursery management, harvesting and transportation, and product processing by simulating the impact of different raw material supply amounts;

[0230] (ii) assess the impact of energy price changes on production costs and carbon emissions by analyzing fluctuations in diesel, electricity and other energy prices;

[0231] (iii) As for technical efficiency fluctuations, the impact of changes in seedling production efficiency and harvesting efficiency under different technical levels on carbon footprint is evaluated;

[0232] (iv) Determine the factors of change: The factors of change include transformation mode, production process, energy use, material use, region, etc.

[0233] (v) Design experimental plan: Design life cycle assessment experiments based on the transformation model and production process, covering all combinations of change factors.

[0234] (vi) Determine activity data and carbon emission factors: Collect activity data for each transformation model and production process, and determine the carbon emission factors based on the life cycle assessment standard.

[0235] (vii) Run experiments: Record activity data in a laboratory or actual production environment to ensure accuracy and repeatability.

[0236] (viii) Analyze the results: Statistically analyze the experimental data, calculate the life cycle carbon footprint, identify the main emission hotspots, and evaluate the sensitivity of the changing factors.

[0237] (ix) Interpret the results: Explain the impact of changing factors on carbon emissions, determine the optimal emission reduction conditions, and put forward improvement suggestions.

[0238] (x) Conclusion: The best transformation model and production process were obtained, which could significantly reduce carbon emissions and improve resource utilization efficiency through optimization, thus providing scientific basis and technical support for the management of three important artificial forest stands of Masson pine and the green and low-carbon production of two forestry products.

[0239] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for Masson pine management process, characterized by: The following steps are involved: (a) Divide the life cycle of Masson pine management and product production into sub-stages and determine the system boundaries, functional units and trade-off criteria for emissions; (b) Collect production information of each stage of Masson pine management and product processing, determine the carbon emission inventory of each stage, analyze the carbon emission inventory of the Masson pine management process over the life cycle, and determine the input and output inventory of each stage; (c) determine the calculation methods, allocation procedures, data requirements and emission factors for each stage; (d) Use the emission factor method to construct a carbon emission accounting model, and use the carbon emission accounting model of each stage to obtain the total carbon emissions of the Masson pine management and product production process; (e) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality.

2. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for the Masson pine management process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (a), the Masson pine management process is divided into two sub-stages for carbon emission accounting, namely the afforestation sub-stage and the product production sub-stage.

3. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for the Masson pine management process according to claim 2 is characterized by: The afforestation sub-stage includes land preparation, afforestation, tending management, and harvesting and processing; The product production sub-stages include the processing of rosin and pine wood. The processing of rosin includes dissolution, coarse filtration, clarification, condensation recovery, distillation and packaging.

4. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for the Masson pine management process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (a), the system boundary of the afforestation stage includes the entire process from forest land preparation to mature tree felling; The system boundary of the product processing sub-stage includes the complete process from the collection and preliminary processing of raw materials to the manufacturing, packaging and storage of products.

5. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for Masson pine management process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (c), the allocation procedure refers to the allocation of materials, energy, transportation, and outputs in the afforestation and product processing processes using a quality-based allocation method.

6. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for Masson pine management process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (b), determining the emissions inventory involves collecting production and input information from the operational phase, including: Raw material collection data: including the number and type of seedlings planted and land preparation methods, obtained through on-site measurement and statistics; Production process data: covers fuel consumption and transportation distance during material transportation, energy and water usage during processing, obtained by recording the operating time and efficiency of production equipment; Emission data: including the quantity and composition of waste gas, wastewater and solid waste, obtained through regular sampling and analysis.

7. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for Masson pine management process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (d), the carbon emission accounting model includes: For the afforestation sub-stage, it includes: Energy use at afforestation sites: Where: E 能源 Input carbon footprint for on-site energy use; AD 电力 is the power consumption; EF 电力 is the electricity emission factor; AD x is the consumption of fuel a; U ex is the fuel consumption per unit time of machine m; ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; T e is the working time of machine m; EF x is the IPCC emission factor of greenhouse gas g produced by fuel a; Q x is the average low calorific value of fuel a; Fertilizer use: Where: E 肥料 Input carbon footprint for fertilizer use; M x f is the amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time; x is the average frequency of fertilizer application of fertilizer x in a year; EF 肥料 is the emission factor of fertilizer x during the production process; Reagents used: Where: E 试剂 Carbon footprint for chemicals in each stage; AD x is the input amount of each chemical agent x; IC x,y is the content of active ingredient y in each chemical agent x; EF y is the usage emission factor of active ingredient y of each chemical agent x; Consumables used: Among them: A x is the consumption of consumable x; EF x is the emission factor of consumable x in the production process; Manual use: AND 人工 =P×D×EF 人工 Where: P is the number of workers; D is the total working days; EF 人工 Calculated by energy method; Transport use: Where: E 运输 is the carbon footprint during transportation; x is the transport distance; U a EF is the fuel consumption per unit transportation distance; a is the IPCC emission factor for greenhouse gas g produced by fuel a; Q a is the average low calorific value of fuel a; ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of vehicle m; Logging waste treatment and use: Where: E 废物 is the carbon footprint of the waste treatment process; p The proportion of landfill treatment; I p is the proportion of incineration treatment; W i is the mass of waste i; EF L Emission factors for landfill disposal; For product processing sub-stages, including: Energy use at processing sites: Where: E 能源 Input carbon footprint for on-site energy use; AD 电力 is the power consumption; EF 电力 is the electricity emission factor; AD x is the consumption of fuel a; U ex is the fuel consumption per unit time of machine m; ef m is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; T e is the working time of machine m; EF x is the IPCC emission factor of greenhouse gas g produced by fuel a; Q x is the average low calorific value of fuel a; Reagents used: Where: E 试剂 Carbon footprint for chemicals in each stage; AD x is the input amount of each chemical agent x; IC x,y is the content of active ingredient y in each chemical agent x; EF y is the usage emission factor of active ingredient y of each chemical agent x; Consumables used: Among them: A x is the consumption of consumable x; EF x is the emission factor of consumable x in the production process; Manual use: AND 人工 =P×D×EF 人工 Where: P is the number of workers; D is the total working days; EF 人工 Calculated by energy method; Processing waste treatment use: Where: E 废物 is the carbon footprint of the waste treatment process; p The proportion of landfill treatment; I p is the proportion of incineration treatment; W i is the mass of waste i; EF L is the emission factor for waste landfill, EF P Emission factors for incineration and landfill.

8. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for Masson pine management process according to claim 7 is characterized by: The carbon emissions in the afforestation stage are given by the formula: AND 营造林 =(And 能源 +E 肥料 +E 物料 +E 人工 +E 运输 +E 化学品 +E 废弃物处理 ) The carbon emissions of the product processing sub-stage are as follows: AND 产品加工 =(And 能源 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 废弃物处理 +E 物料 ) The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions is given by the formula: AND total =(And 营造林 +E 产品加工 )。 9. The carbon emission accounting and carbon footprint assessment method for Masson pine management process according to claim 1 is characterized by: Step (e) comprises: In response to fluctuations in raw material supply, the impact of different raw material supply amounts on carbon emissions during seedling production, land preparation and afforestation, tending management, harvesting and transportation, and product processing was evaluated; Evaluate the impact of energy price changes on production costs and carbon emissions by analyzing fluctuations in diesel, electricity and other energy prices; For fluctuations in technical efficiency, the impact of changes in seedling production efficiency and harvesting efficiency under different technical levels on carbon footprint is evaluated; Determine the factors of change: The factors of change include transformation mode, production process, energy use, material use, and region; Design experimental plan: Design life cycle assessment experiments based on transformation mode and production process, covering all combinations of change factors; Determine activity data and carbon emission factors: Collect activity data for each transformation model and production process, and determine carbon emission factors based on life cycle assessment standards; Run experiments: record activity data in the lab or in a real production environment to ensure accuracy and repeatability; Analyze results: Statistically analyze experimental data, calculate life cycle carbon footprint, identify major emission hotspots, and assess sensitivity to changing factors; Interpret the results: explain the impact of changing factors on carbon emissions, determine the optimal emission reduction conditions, and put forward improvement suggestions; Conclusion: The best transformation model and production process are obtained to reduce carbon emissions and improve resource utilization efficiency through optimization.

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