Light emitting element and display device including the same

Abstract

The invention relates to a light emitting element and a display device including the same. Embodiments provide a light emitting element including a first electrode, a first light emitting unit disposed on the first electrode, a charge generating unit disposed on the first light emitting unit, a second light emitting unit disposed on the charge generating unit, and a second electrode disposed on the second light emitting unit. The first light emitting unit includes a first hole transport region disposed on the first electrode, a first emission layer disposed on the first hole transport region, and a first electron transport region disposed on the first emission layer. The charge generation unit includes an n-type charge generation layer disposed on the first light emitting unit and a p-type charge generation layer disposed on the n-type charge generation layer. At least one of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region each independently includes a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl moiety.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0101254 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on August 2, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a light emitting element and a display device including the light emitting element. Background Art

[0004] Organic light emitting elements are self-luminous elements that exhibit fast response time and are driven by low voltage. Accordingly, an organic light emitting display device including an organic light emitting element can omit a separate light source and has various advantages including low weight, thin size, excellent light emission, and no dependence on viewing angle.

[0005] The organic light emitting element is a display element having an emission layer composed of an organic material between an anode and a cathode. Holes supplied from the anode and electrons supplied from the cathode are recombined in the emission layer to form excitons, and light corresponding to the energy between the holes and the electrons is generated from the excitons.

[0006] The tandem organic light emitting element has a structure including two or more stacks of a hole transport layer / emission layer / electron transport layer structure between an anode and a cathode, and a charge generation layer that facilitates charge generation and transfer between the stacks.

[0007] It should be understood that this background technology section is intended to provide, in part, a useful background for understanding the technology. However, this background technology section may also include ideas, concepts or cognitions that were not known or understood by a person skilled in the relevant art before the corresponding effective filing date of the subject matter disclosed herein. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present disclosure provides a light emitting element having improved emission characteristics and element life.

[0009] The present disclosure also provides a display device having excellent display quality by including a light emitting element having improved emission efficiency and element lifespan.

[0010] An embodiment provides a light-emitting element, which may include a first electrode, a first light-emitting unit disposed on the first electrode, a charge generation unit disposed on the first light-emitting unit, a second light-emitting unit disposed on the charge generation unit, and a second electrode disposed on the second light-emitting unit. The first light-emitting unit may include a first hole transport region disposed on the first electrode, a first emission layer disposed on the first hole transport region, and a first electron transport region disposed on the first emission layer. The charge generation unit may include an n-type charge generation layer disposed on the first light-emitting unit and a p-type charge generation layer disposed on the n-type charge generation layer. At least one of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region may each independently include: a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl portion, and the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer relative to visible light may be greater than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region relative to visible light.

[0011] In an embodiment, the first refractive index may be in the range of about 1.78 to about 2.0, and the second refractive index may be in the range of about 1.50 to about 1.78.

[0012] In an embodiment, the relationship between the first refractive index and the second refractive index may be represented by Mathematical Equation 1.

[0013] [Mathematical equation 1]

[0014] 0.001≤n1-n2≤0.2

[0015] In Mathematical Equation 1, n1 may be the first refractive index, and n2 may be the second refractive index.

[0016] In an embodiment, a first extinction coefficient of the p-type charge generation layer may be greater than a second extinction coefficient of the first hole transport region with respect to any visible light.

[0017] In an embodiment, the relationship between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient may be represented by Mathematical Equation 2.

[0018] [Mathematical equation 2]

[0019] 0.0001≤k1-k2≤0.1

[0020] In Mathematical Equation 2, k1 may be the first extinction coefficient, and k2 may be the second extinction coefficient.

[0021] In an embodiment, the tertiary amine compound may be represented by Formula 1.

[0022] [Formula 1]

[0023]

[0024] In formula 1, L 1 , L2 and L 3 R may be each independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms; 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms; R 2 R may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms; and R 3 The group represented by Formula 2 may be used.

[0025] [Formula 2]

[0026]

[0027] In Formula 2, X can be C(R y1 )(R y2 )、N(R y3 ), O or S; and R x1 To R x8 and R y1 To R y3 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may combine with an adjacent group to form a ring, and R x1 To R x8 One of them is the position connected to Formula 1.

[0028] In an embodiment, R 1 It may be a group represented by one of Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-5.

[0029] [Formula 3-1]

[0030]

[0031] [Formula 3-2]

[0032]

[0033] [Formula 3-3]

[0034]

[0035] [Formula 3-4]

[0036]

[0037] [Formula 3-5]

[0038]

[0039] In Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-5, -* can be the same as L in Formula 1. 1 The position of attachment and at least one hydrogen atom may be optionally replaced by a deuterium atom.

[0040] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 1.

[0041] In an embodiment, at least one of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region may each independently include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1 explained below.

[0042] In an embodiment, the first emission layer may include a first red emission layer overlapping the first light emitting region, a first green emission layer overlapping the second light emitting region, and a first blue emission layer overlapping the third light emitting region.

[0043] In an embodiment, the second light emitting unit may include a second emission layer disposed on the charge generation unit and a second electron transport region disposed on the second emission layer.

[0044] In an embodiment, the second emission layer may include a second red emission layer overlapping the first light emitting region, a second green emission layer overlapping the second light emitting region, and a second blue emission layer overlapping the third light emitting region.

[0045] An embodiment provides a display device, which may include a substrate layer, a circuit layer disposed on the substrate layer, and a display device layer disposed on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a first light-emitting unit disposed on the first electrode, a charge generation unit disposed on the first light-emitting unit, a second light-emitting unit disposed on the charge generation unit, and a second electrode disposed on the second light-emitting unit. The first light-emitting unit may include a first hole transport region disposed on the first electrode, a first emission layer disposed on the first hole transport region, and a first electron transport region disposed on the first emission layer. The charge generation unit may include an n-type charge generation layer disposed on the first light-emitting unit and a p-type charge generation layer disposed on the n-type charge generation layer. At least one of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region may each independently include: a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl moiety, and the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer relative to visible light may be greater than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region relative to visible light.

[0046] In an embodiment, the base layer may include a first light emitting area, a second light emitting area, and a third light emitting area separated from each other in a plan view, and a peripheral area defined between the first to third light emitting areas. The display device layer may include a pixel defining layer overlapping the peripheral area and defining an opening portion therein; the opening portion may overlap each of the first to third light emitting areas; and the first emission layer may be disposed in the opening portion.

[0047] In an embodiment, the first emission layer may include a first red emission layer overlapping the first light emitting region, a first green emission layer overlapping the second light emitting region, and a first blue emission layer overlapping the third light emitting region.

[0048] In an embodiment, the light emitting element may include a first light emitting element including a first red emission layer and emitting red light, a second light emitting element including a first green emission layer and emitting green light, and a third light emitting element including a first blue emission layer and emitting blue light.

[0049] In an embodiment, the refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer with respect to red light, green light, and blue light may be greater than the refractive index of the first hole transport region with respect to red light, green light, and blue light, respectively.

[0050] In an embodiment, the extinction coefficient of the p-type charge generation layer with respect to red light, green light, and blue light may be greater than the extinction coefficient of the first hole transport region with respect to red light, green light, and blue light, respectively.

[0051] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region, the first electron transport region, and the second electrode may be provided as a common layer in each of the first, second, and third light emitting regions.

[0052] In an embodiment, an n-type charge generation layer and a p-type charge generation layer may be provided as a common layer in each of the first light emitting region, the second light emitting region, and the third light emitting region.

[0053] It should be understood that the above embodiments have been described in a general and explanatory sense only and not for purposes of limitation, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The attached drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and its principles. The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0055] Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0057] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3E Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0058] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to another embodiment; and

[0059] Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram showing a vehicle in which a display device according to the embodiment is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present disclosure will now be described more fully below with reference to the attached drawings in which embodiments are shown. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0061] In the drawings, the size (eg, thickness), ratio, and dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for ease of description and for clarity. The same reference numerals and / or the same reference characters refer to the same elements throughout.

[0062] In the description, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, component, etc.) is referred to as being "on", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element (or region, layer, component, etc.), it may be directly on, directly connected to or directly coupled to the other element (or region, layer, component, etc.), or one or more intervening elements (or regions, layers, components, etc.) may exist between them. In a similar sense, when an element (or region, layer, component, etc.) is described as "covering" another element (or region, layer, component, etc.), it may directly cover the other element (or region, layer, component, etc.), or one or more intervening elements (or regions, layers, components, etc.) may exist between them.

[0063] In the description, when an element is "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements. For example, "directly on" may mean that two layers or two elements are disposed without additional elements such as adhesive elements between them.

[0064] As used herein, expressions used in the singular such as “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0065] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, "A and / or B" may be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". The terms "and" and "or" may be used in a connecting sense or a separating sense and may be understood to be equivalent to "and / or".

[0066] In the specification and claims, for the purposes of its meaning and interpretation, the term "at least one of" is intended to include the meaning of "at least one selected from the group consisting of..." For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" may be understood to mean only A, only B, only C, or any combination of two or more of A, B, and C, such as ABC, ACC, BC, or CC. When following a list of elements, the term "at least one of" modifies the entire list of elements and does not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0067] It will be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements in this article, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure, the first element may be referred to as the second element. Similarly, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the second element may be referred to as the first element.

[0068] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "below," "under," "down," "above," or "on" may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another element or component as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings. For example, in the case where the device illustrated in the accompanying drawings is turned over, a device that is "below" or "below" another device may be placed "above" the other device. Accordingly, the illustrative term "below" may include both a lower position and an upper position. The device may also be oriented in other directions, and therefore the spatially relative terms may be interpreted differently depending on the orientation.

[0069] As used herein, the term "about" or "approximately" includes the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation of the stated value determined by one of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the stated quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations of the stated value, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0070] It should be understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “have,” “having,” “contains,” and “containing” and the like are intended to indicate the presence of the recited features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or any combination thereof in the present disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or any combination thereof.

[0071] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless clearly defined in the specification.

[0072] In the description, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" can describe a group that is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of: a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amine group, a silyl group, an oxy group, a sulfenyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a boron group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydrocarbon ring group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group. Each of the substituents listed above can be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, a biphenyl group can be interpreted as an aryl group or it can be interpreted as a phenyl group substituted by a phenyl group.

[0073] In the description, the term "forming a ring by combining with an adjacent group" can be interpreted as forming a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle by combining with an adjacent group. The hydrocarbon ring may be aliphatic or aromatic. The heterocycle may be aliphatic or aromatic. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocycle may each independently be monocyclic or polycyclic. The ring formed by combining with an adjacent group itself may be combined with another ring to form a spiro structure.

[0074] In the description, the term "adjacent group" may be interpreted as a substituent replacing an atom directly bonded to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, as another substituent replacing the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or as a substituent located at a position closest to the corresponding substituent in space. For example, in 1,2-dimethylbenzene, two methyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane, two ethyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. For example, in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene, two methyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0075] In the description, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0076] In the description, the alkyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyl Decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heonicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl, n-triacontyl and the like without limitation.

[0077] In the description, the cycloalkyl group may be a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, bicycloheptyl, etc., without limitation.

[0078] In the description, the alkenyl group may be a hydrocarbon group including one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, styrylvinyl, etc., without limitation.

[0079] In the description, the alkynyl group may be a hydrocarbon group including one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be a straight chain alkynyl group or a branched chain alkynyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl, propynyl, etc., without limitation.

[0080] In the description, the hydrocarbon ring group may be an optional functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. For example, the hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group of 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0081] In the description, the aryl group may be an optional functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of carbon atoms used to form the ring in the aryl group may be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylene, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, 1,2-triphenylenyl, etc., without limitation.

[0082] In the description, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be combined with each other to form a spiro structure. Examples of the substituted fluorenyl group may include the groups shown below, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0083]

[0084] In the description, the heterocyclic group may be an optional functional group or substituent derived from a ring including one or more of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se and Te as heteroatoms. The heterocyclic group may be aliphatic or aromatic. The aromatic heterocyclic group may be heteroaryl. The aliphatic heterocyclic group and the aromatic heterocyclic group may each independently be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0085] In the description, the heterocyclic group may include one or more of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se and Te as heteroatoms. If the heterocyclic group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and the heterocyclic group may be heteroaryl. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms of the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10.

[0086] In the description, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include one or more of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se, and Te as heteroatoms. The number of ring-forming carbon atoms of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include an oxirane group, a thiirane group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothienyl group, a thianyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, a 1,4-dioxanyl group, and the like, without limitation.

[0087] In the description, the heteroaryl group may include one or more of B, O, N, P, Si, S, Se and Te as heteroatoms. If the heteroaryl group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of carbon atoms used to form the ring of the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazine, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothirolyl, dibenzofuranyl, and the like without limitation.

[0088] In the description, the above description of the aryl group can be applied to the arylene group except that the arylene group is a divalent group. The above description of the heteroaryl group can be applied to the heteroarylene group except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.

[0089] In the description, the silyl group may be an alkylsilyl group and an arylsilyl group. The alkyl group in the alkylsilyl group may be a straight chain, a branched chain or a cyclic chain. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylsilyl group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylsilyl group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of silyl groups may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, phenylsilyl, etc., without limitation.

[0090] In the description, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have one of the following structures, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0091]

[0092] In the description, the carbon number in the sulfinyl group or the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, and may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may be an alkylsulfinyl group or an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may be an alkylsulfonyl group or an arylsulfonyl group.

[0093] In the description, the thio group may be an alkylthio group or an arylthio group. The thio group may be an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above in combination with a sulfur atom. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be a straight chain group, a branched chain group or a cyclic chain group. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, naphthylthio, etc., without limitation.

[0094] In the description, the oxy group may be an alkyl or aryl group defined above in combination with an oxygen atom. The oxy group may be an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the aryloxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, benzyloxy, etc. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0095] In the description, the boryl group can be an alkyl or aryl group defined above in combination with a boron atom. The alkyl group in the alkyl boryl group can be a straight chain group, a branched chain group or a cyclic chain group. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl boryl group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the aryl boryl group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. The boryl group can be an alkyl boryl group or an aryl boryl group. Examples of boryl groups can include dimethyl boryl, diethyl boryl, tert-butyl methyl boryl, diphenyl boryl, phenyl boryl, etc., without limitation.

[0096] In the description, the number of carbon atoms in the amine group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30. The amine group may be an alkylamine group or an arylamine group. The alkyl group in the alkylamine group may be a linear group, a branched group, or a cyclic group. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylamine group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylamine group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the amine group include methylamine, dimethylamine, phenylamine, diphenylamine, naphthylamine, 9-methyl-anthrylamine, etc., without limitation.

[0097] In the specification, the sulfinyl group may mean an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above combined with -S(=O)-. The number of carbon atoms of the sulfinyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and an arylsulfinyl group. For example, the sulfinyl group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0098]

[0099] In the specification, sulfonyl may refer to -S(=O) 2 - combined with the above-defined alkyl or aryl groups. The number of carbon atoms of the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group. For example, the sulfonyl group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0100]

[0101] In the specification, the phosphine oxide group may mean an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above combined with -P(=O)-. The number of carbon atoms of the phosphine oxide group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine oxide group may include an alkyl phosphine oxide group and an aryl phosphine oxide group. For example, the phosphine oxide group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0102]

[0103] In the specification, the phosphinosulfide group may mean an alkyl or aryl group defined above in combination with -P(=S)-. The number of carbon atoms of the phosphinosulfide group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphinosulfide group may include an alkylphosphinosulfide group and an arylphosphinosulfide group. For example, the phosphinosulfide group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0104]

[0105] In the description, the alkyl group in the alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkylsulfonyl group, alkylsulfinyl group, alkylaryl group, alkylboryl group, alkylsilyl group, alkylphosphine oxide group, alkylphosphine sulfide group or alkylamine group may be the same as the examples of the above-mentioned alkyl group.

[0106] In the description, the aryl group in the aryloxy group, the arylthio group, the arylsulfonyl group, the arylsulfinyl group, the arylboryl group, the arylsilyl group, the arylphosphine oxide group, the arylphosphine sulfide group, or the arylamine group may be the same as exemplified above for the aryl group.

[0107] In the description, a direct connection may be a single bond.

[0108] In the description, the symbol and -* each represent a bond to adjacent atoms in the corresponding formula or moiety.

[0109] Hereinafter, embodiments will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0110] Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a display device DD according to an embodiment. Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to an embodiment. Figure 2 To show along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along line II'.

[0111] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PL disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include a plurality of the respective light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PL may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected at the display panel DP by external light. The optical layer PL may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the optical layer PL may be omitted in the display device DD.

[0112] On the optical layer PL, a base substrate BL may be disposed. The base substrate BL may provide a base surface on which the optical layer PL is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Although not shown in the drawings, the base substrate BL may be omitted according to the embodiment.

[0113] The display device DD according to the embodiment may further include a filling layer (not shown). The filling layer (not shown) may be provided between the display device layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The filling layer (not shown) may be an organic layer. The filling layer (not shown) may include at least one of an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, and an epoxy resin.

[0114] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display device layer DP-ED. The display device layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining layer PDL, light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between a plurality of portions of the pixel defining layer PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0115] The base layer BS may provide a base surface on which the display device layer DP-ED is disposed. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0116] In an embodiment, the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors (not shown). The plurality of transistors (not shown) may each include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switching transistor and a driving transistor for driving the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display device layer DP-ED.

[0117] The light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first light emitting element ED-1, a second light emitting element ED-2, and a third light emitting element ED-3. The light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may each have a light emitting element ED-1, a second light emitting element ED-2, and a third light emitting element ED-3. FIG. 3A to FIG. 3E The structure of any one of the light-emitting elements ED. The light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may each include a first electrode EL1, a first light-emitting unit OL1, a charge generating unit CGL, a second light-emitting unit OL2 and a second electrode EL2. The light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may each be a light-emitting element of a series structure. In each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3, two light-emitting units may emit light in the same wavelength region.

[0118] The first light emitting unit OL1 may include a first hole transport region HTR1, first emission layers EML-R1, EML-G1 and EML-B1, and a first electron transport region ETR1. The second light emitting unit OL2 may include second emission layers EML-R2, EML-G2 and EML-B2, and a second electron transport region ETR2. Figure 2 An embodiment is explained in which the first emission layers EML-R1, EML-G1 and EML-B1 and the second emission layers EML-R2, EML-G2 and EML-B2 of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 are disposed in the opening portion OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL, and the first hole transport region HTR1, the first electron transport region ETR1 and the second electron transport region ETR2, the charge generation unit CGL and the second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer for the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. Although not described in Figure 2, but in an embodiment, at least a portion of the first hole transport region HTR1, the first electron transport region ETR1, the second electron transport region ETR2, and the charge generation unit CGL may each be patterned in the opening portion OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL, and provided as a pattern layer. In the description, a "common layer" may be provided in common throughout all the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 to basically form one element, and the "pattern layer" may be patterned and provided separately in the opening portion OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, in an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR1, the first emission layers EML-R1, EML-G1, and EML-B1, and the second emission layers EML-R2, EML-G2, and EML-B2, the charge generation unit CGL, and the first electron transport region ETR1 and the second electron transport region ETR2 of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may each be patterned by an inkjet printing method.

[0119] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may encapsulate the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 in the display device layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a single layer or a stack of multiple layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to an embodiment may include at least one inorganic layer (hereinafter, encapsulation inorganic layer). In an embodiment, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one organic layer (hereinafter, encapsulation organic layer) and at least one encapsulation inorganic layer.

[0120] The encapsulated inorganic layer may protect the display device layer DP-ED from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulated organic layer may protect the display device layer DP-ED from foreign matter (such as dust particles). The encapsulated inorganic layer may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide without limitation. The encapsulated organic layer may include acrylic compounds, epoxy compounds, etc. The encapsulated organic layer may include photopolymerizable organic materials without limitation.

[0121] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and may be disposed to fill the open hole portion OH.

[0122] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the display device DD may include a non-light emitting area NPXA and light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each be an area that emits light generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, respectively. In a plan view, the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each be separated from each other.

[0123] The light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each be an area separated from each other by the pixel defining layer PDL. The non-light-emitting area NPXA may be an area between adjacent light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and may be an area corresponding to the pixel defining layer PDL. In an embodiment, each of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each correspond to a pixel. The pixel defining layer PDL may separate the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The first emission layers EML-R1, EML-G1, and EML-B1 of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 and the second emission layers EML-R2, EML-G2, and EML-B2 may be disposed in the opening portion OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL and separated from each other.

[0124] The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be arranged into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the display device DD according to the embodiment shown in FIG, three light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B emitting red light, green light and blue light respectively are explained as examples. For example, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting area as a red light-emitting area PXA-R, a second light-emitting area as a green light-emitting area PXA-G and a third light-emitting area as a blue light-emitting area PXA-B that are different from each other.

[0125] In the display device DD according to the embodiment, the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may emit light having different wavelength regions. For example, in the embodiment, the display device DD may include a first light emitting element ED-1 emitting red light, a second light emitting element ED-2 emitting green light, and a third light emitting element ED-3 emitting blue light. For example, the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light emitting area PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0126] However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first to third light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light in the same wavelength region, or at least one thereof may emit light in a different wavelength region.

[0127] The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to the embodiment may be arranged in a stripe configuration. Figure 1, a plurality of red light emitting areas PXA-R, a plurality of green light emitting areas PXA-G, and a plurality of blue light emitting areas PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, respectively. In another embodiment, the red light emitting areas PXA-R, the green light emitting areas PXA-G, and the blue light emitting areas PXA-B may be arranged in this order along the first direction axis DR1. The third direction axis DR3 may be perpendicular to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0128] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 , it is shown that the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B all have the same area, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other according to the wavelength region of the emitted light. The areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas in a plane view defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0129] The arrangement of the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 The arrangement sequence of the red light emitting areas PXA-R, the green light emitting areas PXA-G, and the blue light emitting areas PXA-B may be provided in various combinations according to the display quality characteristics required by the display device DD. For example, the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be arranged in a honeycomb configuration (e.g. ) or arranged in a diamond configuration (such as Diamond ).

[0130] The areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in an embodiment, the area of ​​the green light emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0131] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3E Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment.

[0132] refer to Figure 3A According to an embodiment, the light emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a first light emitting unit OL1, a charge generating unit CGL, a second light emitting unit OL2, and a second electrode EL2. In an embodiment, the first light emitting unit OL1 of the light emitting element ED may include a first hole transport region HTR1, a first emission layer EML1, and a first electron transport region ETR1, and the second light emitting unit OL2 may include a second emission layer EML2 and a second electron transport region ETR2.

[0133] and Figure 3A compared to, Figure 3Bis a schematic cross-sectional view of such a light emitting element ED, wherein the second light emitting unit OL2 further includes a second hole transport region HTR2 disposed under the second emission layer EML2. Figure 3B compared to, Figure 3C Schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED, wherein the first hole transport region HTR1 and the second hole transport region HTR2 include the first hole injection layer HIL1 and the first hole transport layer HTL1 and the second hole injection layer HIL2 and the second hole transport layer HTL2, respectively, and the first electron transport region ETR1 and the second electron transport region ETR2 include the first electron injection layer EIL1 and the first electron transport layer ETL1 and the second electron injection layer EIL2 and the second electron transport layer ETL2, respectively. Figure 3B compared to, Figure 3D Schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED, wherein the first hole transport region HTR1 includes the first emission auxiliary layers SE-R1, SE-G1 and SE-B1 and the first hole transport layer HTL1, and the second hole transport region HTR2 includes the second emission auxiliary layers SE-R2, SE-G2 and SE-B2 and the second hole transport layer HTL2. Figure 3B compared to, Figure 3E 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED further including a capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2 .

[0134] Below, we will refer to FIG. 3A to FIG. 3E The constituent elements included in each light emitting element ED are explained.

[0135] The first electrode EL1 may have conductivity. The first electrode EL1 may be formed using a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more thereof, a mixture selected from two or more thereof, or an oxide, a compound, and a mixture thereof.

[0136] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In another embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective layer or a transflective layer formed of the above materials and a transmissive conductive layer of ITO, IZO, ZnO, or ITZO. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an implementation, the first electrode EL1 may include the above metal material, a combination of two or more of the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal material. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 1000 Å. to about For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about to about within the range.

[0137] The first light emitting unit OL1 may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The first light emitting unit OL1 may include a first hole transport region HTR1, a first emission layer EML1, and a first electron transport region ETR1.

[0138] The first hole transport region HTR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The first hole transport region HTR1 may include at least one of a first hole injection layer HIL1, a first hole transport layer HTL1, a first emission auxiliary layer SE1, and a first electron blocking layer (not shown). The thickness of the first hole transport region HTR1 may be, for example, about 1000 Å. to about within the range.

[0139] The first hole transport region HTR1 may be a single-layer structure of a single layer composed of a single material, a single-layer structure including a single layer of different materials, or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0140] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR1 may have a single layer structure of the first hole injection layer HIL1 or the first hole transport layer HTL1, or may have a single layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR1 may have a single layer structure formed of different materials, or may have a structure of a first hole injection layer HIL1 / first hole transport layer HTL1, a first hole injection layer HIL1 / first hole transport layer HTL1 / first emission auxiliary layer SE1, or a first hole injection layer HIL1 / first hole transport layer HTL1 / first electron blocking layer (not shown) stacked from the first electrode EL1 without limitation. If the first hole transport region HTR1 includes the first emission auxiliary layer SE1, the first emission auxiliary layer SE1 may be patterned and provided at the opening portion OH (see Figure 2 ) in a pattern layer. For example, the first emission auxiliary layer SE1 may include a first red emission auxiliary layer SE-R1 overlapping the red light emitting region PXA-R, a first green emission auxiliary layer SE-G1 overlapping the green light emitting region PXA-G, and a first blue emission auxiliary layer SE-B1 overlapping the blue light emitting region PXA-B. The first emission auxiliary layer SE1 may compensate for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the first emission layer EML1, and may control the charge balance to increase the light emitting efficiency. In an embodiment, the first emission auxiliary layer SE1 may prevent electron injection into the first hole transport region HTR1.

[0141] The first hole transport region HTR1 may be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Brokett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0142] The first hole transport region HTR1 may include a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl portion. In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR1 may include a main body and a p-dopant dispersed in the main body, and the first hole transport region HTR1 may include a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl portion as a main body. In an embodiment, the tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl portion will be explained later and may be referred to as a first compound. The first compound according to an embodiment may have a structure of an amine compound into which a substituent of a cycloalkyl group is introduced, and may show improved emission characteristics and element life characteristics.

[0143] The first compound according to an embodiment may be represented by Formula 1.

[0144] [Formula 1]

[0145]

[0146] In formula 1, L 1 , L 2 and L3 Each of them may be independently directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene groups having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 may be a directly connected, unsubstituted phenylene group, unsubstituted naphthylene group, unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group or unsubstituted divalent N-arylcarbazolyl group; and L 2 It may be a directly linked, unsubstituted phenylene group, unsubstituted naphthylene group or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group.

[0147] In formula 1, R 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 It may be an unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbon atoms. 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclooctyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted adamantyl group.

[0148] In formula 1, R 2 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, R 2 It may be an unsubstituted phenyl group, an unsubstituted N-arylcarbazolyl group or an unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0149] In formula 1, R 3 The group represented by Formula 2 may be used.

[0150] [Formula 2]

[0151]

[0152] In Formula 2, X can be C(R y1 )(R y2 )、N(R y3 ), O or S.

[0153] In formula 2, R y1 To R y3 Each of them may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be combined with an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, X may be C(Ry1 )(R y2 ), and R y1 and R y2 Each of X and R may be independently an unsubstituted methyl group, and the substituent represented by Formula 2 may provide a fluorenyl moiety. In another embodiment, X may be N(R y3 ), and R y3 The phenyl group may be unsubstituted, and the substituent represented by Formula 2 may provide an N-arylcarbazolyl group.

[0154] In formula 2, R x1 To R x8 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may combine with an adjacent group to form a ring, and R x1 To R x8 One of the may be a position for connection with Formula 1. For example, R x1 To R x6 and R x8 can each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, and R x7 It can be a position connected to Formula 1.

[0155] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, R 1 It may be a group represented by one of Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-5.

[0156] [Formula 3-1]

[0157]

[0158] [Formula 3-2]

[0159]

[0160] [Formula 3-3]

[0161]

[0162] [Formula 3-4]

[0163]

[0164] [Formula 3-5]

[0165]

[0166] In Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-5, -* can be the same as L in Formula 1. 1and at least one hydrogen atom may be optionally substituted with a deuterium atom.

[0167] In an embodiment, the first compound may be any compound selected from Compound Group 1. In an embodiment, in the light emitting element ED, at least one of the first hole transport region HTR1 and the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may each independently include at least one first compound selected from Compound Group 1.

[0168] [Compound Group 1]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR1 may include a plurality of compounds. For example, the first hole transport region HTR1 may include a first compound represented by Formula 1, and may further include a compound represented by Formula H-1.

[0172] [Formula H-1]

[0173]

[0174] In formula H-1, L 1 and L 2 Each of L and L may be independently a directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In formula H-1, a and b may be independently an integer selected from 0 to 10. If a or b is 2 or more, the plurality of L 1 Group or multiple L 2 The groups may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0175] In formula H-1, Ar 1 and Ar 2 Each of them may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0176] In an embodiment, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In another embodiment, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a compound wherein Ar 1 To Ar 3In another embodiment, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a diamine compound wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 At least one of the carbazole compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or wherein Ar 1 and Ar 2 At least one of the fluorene compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0177] The compound represented by Formula H-1 may be any compound selected from Compound Group H. However, the compounds shown in Compound Group H are merely examples, and the compound represented by Formula H-1 is not limited to Compound Group H.

[0178] [Compound Group H]

[0179]

[0180]

[0181] The first hole transport region HTR1 may include a phthalocyanine compound (eg, copper phthalocyanine), N 1 ,N 1’ -([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -dimethylphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tri[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PA The main materials include polyaniline / DBSA, polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyetherketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium[tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], and dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN).

[0182] The first hole transport region HTR1 may further include carbazole derivatives (such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives (such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) or 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP)), etc.

[0183] The first hole transport region HTR1 may further include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9′-bicarbazole (CCP), 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), and the like.

[0184] The first hole transport region HTR1 may include a compound of the first hole transport region HTR1 in at least one of the first hole injection layer HIL1 , the first hole transport layer HTL1 , the first emission auxiliary layer SE1 , and the first electron blocking layer (not shown).

[0185] The thickness of the first hole transport region HTR1 may be about to about For example, the thickness of the first hole transport region HTR1 may be within a range of about to about If the first hole transport region HTR1 includes the first hole injection layer HIL1, the thickness of the first hole injection layer HIL1 may be, for example, about 100 Å. to about If the first hole transport region HTR1 includes the first hole transport layer HTL1, the thickness of the first hole transport layer HTL1 may be in the range of about 1000 Å. to about If the first hole transport region HTR1 includes a first electron blocking layer (not shown), the thickness of the first electron blocking layer (not shown) may be in the range of about 1000 Å. to about If the thickness of the first hole transport region HTR1, the thickness of the first hole injection layer HIL1, the thickness of the first hole transport layer HTL1, and the thickness of the first electron blocking layer (not shown) satisfy the above range, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0186] In addition to the above materials, the first hole transport region HTR1 may further include a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the first hole transport region HTR1. The p-dopant may include at least one of a metal halide, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano-containing compound without limitation. For example, p-dopants may include metal halides such as CuI and RbI, quinone derivatives such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), metal oxides such as tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide, cyano compounds such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) and 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9), etc., without limitation.

[0187] The first emission layer EML1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may be provided on the first hole transport region HTR1. The first emission layer EML1 may include a first red emission layer EML-R1 overlapping the red light emitting region PXA-R, a first green emission layer EML-G1 overlapping the green light emitting region PXA-G, and a first blue emission layer EML-B1 overlapping the blue light emitting region PXA-B. The first emission layer EML1 may have a thickness of about 1000 nm. to about For example, the first emission layer EML1 may have a thickness in the range of about to about The first emission layer EML1 may be a single-layer structure of a single layer composed of a single material, a single-layer structure including a single layer of different materials, or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0188] The first emission layer EML1 may include an anthracene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a fluoranthene derivative, a 1,2-triphenylene derivative, a dihydrobenzanthracene derivative, or a triphenylene derivative. For example, the first emission layer EML1 may include an anthracene derivative or a pyrene derivative.

[0189] The first emission layer EML1 may be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Brokett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0190] In an embodiment, the first emission layer EML1 may include a host and a dopant, and the first emission layer EML1 may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. For example, the first blue emission layer EML-B1 may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 may be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0191] [Formula E-1]

[0192]

[0193] In formula E-1, R 31 To R 40 Each of R and R may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 31 To R 40 At least one of the groups may combine with an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring, or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0194] In Formula E-1, c and d may be an integer selected from 0 to 5, each independently.

[0195] In an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula E-1 may be selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19.

[0196]

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] In an embodiment, the first emission layer EML1 may include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. For example, each of the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the first green emission layer EML-G1 may include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0200] [Formula E-2a]

[0201]

[0202] In Formula E-2a, a may be an integer selected from 0 to 10; and L aIt may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. If a is 2 or more, then multiple L a The groups may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0203] In formula E-2a, A 1 To A 5 can be N or C (R i ). In Formula E-2a, R a To R i Each of R and R may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R a To R i Each of may combine with an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring including N, O, S, etc. as a ring-constituting atom.

[0204] In formula E-2a, A 1 To A 5 Two or three of them can each be N, and A 1 To A 5 The remaining groups in may each independently be C(R i ).

[0205] [Formula E-2b]

[0206]

[0207] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazole group or a carbazole group substituted with an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. b It may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In Formula E-2b, b may be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and if b is 2 or greater, multiple L b The groups may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0208] The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be a compound selected from Compound Group E-2. However, the compounds shown in Compound Group E-2 are only examples, and the compounds represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b are not limited to Compound Group E-2.

[0209] [Compound Group E-2]

[0210]

[0211]

[0212] The first emission layer EML1 may further include a common material in the related art as a host material. For example, the first emission layer EML1 may include at least one of bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenyl-phosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazyl)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) as a host material. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), distyrylarene (DSA), 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO 3 ), octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO 4 ) etc. can be used as the main material.

[0213] In an embodiment, the first emission layer EML1 may include a compound represented by Formula Ma. For example, each of the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the first green emission layer EML-G1 may include a compound represented by Formula Ma. The compound represented by Formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0214] [Formula]

[0215]

[0216] In formula Ma, Y 1 To Y 4 and Z 1 To Z 4 can be independently C(R 1 ) or N; and R 1 To R 4 Each independently may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In formula Ma, m may be 0 or 1, and n may be 2 or 3. In formula Ma, if m is 0, n may be 3, and if m is 1, n may be 2.

[0217] The compound represented by formula Ma may be any compound selected from compound M-a1 to compound M-a25. However, compound M-a1 to compound M-a25 are only examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to compound M-a1 to compound M-a25.

[0218]

[0219] In an embodiment, the first emission layer EML1 may include a compound represented by one of Formulas Fa to Fc. For example, the first blue emission layer EML-B1 may include a compound represented by one of Formulas Fa to Fc. The compound represented by one of Formulas Fa to Fc may be used as a fluorescent dopant material.

[0220] [Formula]

[0221]

[0222] In formula Fa, R a To R j The two of them can be independently represented by *-NAr 1 Ar 2 The group represented by R is substituted. a To R j Not by *-NAr 1 Ar 2The remaining groups substituted by the groups represented may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0223] In by --NAr 1 Ar 2 In the group represented by 1 and Ar 2 Each of them may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 and Ar 2 At least one of them may each independently be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0224] [Formula Fb]

[0225]

[0226] In formula Fb, R a and R b may be each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In Formula Fb, Ar 1 To Ar 4 Each of them may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 4 At least one of them may each independently be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0227] In Formula Fb, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring of 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0228] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V may be 0 or 1 independently of each other. If the number of U or V is 1, a condensed ring may be present at the portion indicated by U or V, and if the number of U or V is 0, a condensed ring may not be present at the portion indicated by U or V. If the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or if the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the condensed ring having a fluorene core of formula Fb may be a cyclic compound having four rings. If the number of U and V is 0, the condensed ring having a fluorene core of formula Fb may be a cyclic compound having three rings. If the number of both U and V is 1, the condensed ring having a fluorene core of formula Fb may be a cyclic compound having five rings.

[0229] [Formula Fc]

[0230]

[0231] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 can be independently O, S, Se or N (R m ), and R m It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To R 11 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0232] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 Can each independently be combined with a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. For example, if A 1 and A 2 Each independently is N(R m ), then A 1 Can be used with R 4 or R 5 bond to form a ring. For example, A 2 Can be used with R 7 or R 8 Combine to form a ring.

[0233] In an embodiment, the first emission layer EML1 may further include a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalene-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl )-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (for example, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene and its derivatives (for example, 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc. are used as dopant materials in the related field.

[0234] The first emission layer EML1 may further include a phosphorescent dopant material of the related art. For example, the phosphorescent dopant may be a metal complex including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) or thulium (Tm). For example, bis (4,6-difluorophenylpyridyl-N, C2') picolinyl iridium (III) (FIrpic), bis (2,4-difluorophenylpyridyl)-tetrakis (1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium (III) (FIr6) or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP). However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0235] The first emission layer EML1 may include a quantum dot material. The quantum dot may be a II-VI group compound, a III-VI group compound, an I-III-VI group compound, a III-V group compound, a III-II-V group compound, a IV-VI group compound, a IV group element, a IV group compound, and any combination thereof.

[0236] Examples of Group II-VI compounds may include: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, Cd ZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof; or any combination thereof.

[0237] Examples of Group III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds such as In 2 S 3 andIn 2 Se 3 ; Ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 and InGaSe 3 ; or any combination thereof.

[0238] Examples of Group I-III-VI compounds may include: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of: AgInS, AgInS 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、AgGaS 2 、CuGaS 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 、AgAlO 2 and mixtures thereof; or quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 and CuInGaS 2 ; or any combination thereof.

[0239] Examples of group III-V compounds may include: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof; or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the group III-V compound may further include a group II metal. Examples of group III-II-V compounds may include InZnP, etc.

[0240] Examples of group IV-VI compounds may include: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof; or any combination thereof. Examples of group IV elements may include Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Examples of group IV compounds may be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0241] Each element included in multi-component compounds such as binary compounds, ternary compounds, and quaternary compounds may be present in the particles at a uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration. For example, a chemical formula may indicate the elements included in a compound, but the ratio of the elements in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS 2 may mean AgIn x Ga 1-x S 2 (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1).

[0242] In an embodiment, the quantum dot may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot is uniform, or the quantum dot may have a core-shell structure. For example, the material included in the core and the material included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0243] The shell of the quantum dot can be used as a protective layer for preventing chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties and / or can be used as a charging layer for imparting electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can have a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the center of the core.

[0244] In an embodiment, the quantum dot may have the above-mentioned core-shell structure, including a core including nanocrystals and a shell surrounding the core. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include metal oxides or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0245] Examples of metal oxides or non-metal oxides may include: binary compounds such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 and NiO; or ternary compounds such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 and CoMn 2 O 4 However, the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0246] Examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0247] The quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission spectrum equal to or less than about 45 nm. For example, the quantum dots may have a FWHM of an emission spectrum equal to or less than about 40 nm. For example, the quantum dots may have a FWHM of an emission spectrum equal to or less than about 30 nm. Within any of the above ranges, color purity and / or color reproducibility may be improved. Light emitted by the quantum dots may be emitted in all directions, so that light viewing angle characteristics may be improved.

[0248] The shape of the quantum dot may be any shape used in the relevant field. For example, the quantum dot may have a spherical shape, a pyramidal shape, a multi-arm shape or a cubic shape, or the quantum dot may be in the form of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, etc.

[0249] By controlling the size of the quantum dots or by controlling the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound, the energy band gap can be controlled, and light of various wavelength bands can be obtained from the quantum dot emission layer. Accordingly, by using quantum dots (e.g., using quantum dots with different sizes or controlling the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound to be different), a light-emitting element that emits light of various wavelength bands can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound can be adjusted to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. For example, quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0250] The first electron transport region ETR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may be provided on the first emission layer EML1. The first electron transport region ETR1 may include at least one of a first hole blocking layer (not shown), a first electron transport layer ETL1, and a first electron injection layer EIL1. However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0251] The first electron transport region ETR1 may be a single-layer structure of a single layer composed of a single material, a single-layer structure including a single layer of different materials, or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers including different materials.

[0252] For example, the first electron transport region ETR1 may have a single-layer structure of the first electron injection layer EIL1 or the first electron transport layer ETL1, or may have a single-layer structure formed by using an electron injection material and an electron transport material. In other embodiments, the first electron transport region ETR1 may have a single-layer structure formed of different materials, or may have a structure of a first electron transport layer ETL1 / first electron injection layer EIL1 or a first hole blocking layer (not shown) / first electron transport layer ETL1 / first electron injection layer EIL1, etc. stacked from the first emission layer EML1 without limitation. The thickness of the first electron transport region ETR1 may be, for example, about 100 Å to 200 Å. to about within the range.

[0253] The first electron transport region ETR1 may be formed using various methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Brokett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0254] The first electron transport region ETR1 may include a compound represented by Formula ET-1.

[0255] [Formula ET-1]

[0256]

[0257] In formula ET-1, X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may each be N, and X 1 To X 3 The remaining groups in may each independently be C(R a ). In formula ET-1, R a It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 3 Each of them may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0258] In Formula ET-1, a to c may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-1, L 1 To L 3 Each L may be independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To multiple L 3 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0259] The first electron transport region ETR1 may include an anthracene-based compound. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first electron transport region ETR1 may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl 1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq 2 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), and mixtures thereof without limitation.

[0260] The first electron transport region ETR1 may include at least one of compounds ET1 to ET38.

[0261]

[0262]

[0263] In an embodiment, the first electron transport region ETR1 may include a metal halide such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI; a lanthanide metal such as Yb; or a co-deposited material of a metal halide and a lanthanide metal. For example, the first electron transport region ETR1 may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, LiF:Yb, etc. as a co-deposited material. The first electron transport region ETR1 may include a metal oxide such as Li 2 O and BaO or 8-hydroxyquinoline lithium (Liq). However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. A mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt may also be used to form the first electron transport region ETR1. The insulating organic metal salt may be a material having an energy band gap equal to or greater than about 4 eV. For example, the insulating organic metal salt may include a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetoacetate, a metal acetylacetonate, or a metal stearate.

[0264] In addition to the aforementioned materials, the first electron transport region ETR1 may further include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0265] The first electron transport region ETR1 may include a compound of the first electron transport region ETR1 in at least one of the first electron injection layer EIL1 , the first electron transport layer ETL1 , and the first hole blocking layer (not shown).

[0266] If the first electron transport region ETR1 includes a first electron transport layer ETL1, the thickness of the first electron transport layer ETL1 may be about 1000 nm. to about For example, the first electron transport layer ETL1 may have a thickness of about to about If the thickness of the first electron transport layer ETL1 satisfies any of the above ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics may be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. If the first electron transport region ETR1 includes the first electron injection layer EIL1, the thickness of the first electron injection layer EIL1 may be about to about For example, the thickness of the first electron injection layer EIL1 may be about to about If the thickness of the first electron injection layer EIL1 satisfies any of the above ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without causing a significant increase in driving voltage.

[0267] The charge generation unit CGL may be provided on the first light emitting cell OL1. The charge generation unit CGL may be provided on the first electron transport region ETR1 of the first light emitting cell OL1.

[0268] If a voltage is applied to the charge generation unit CGL, a complex may be formed by an oxidation-reduction reaction, and charges (electrons and holes) may be generated. The charge generation unit CGL may provide the generated charges to the adjacent light emitting units OL1 and OL2. The charge generation unit CGL may increase the efficiency of the current generated at each of the adjacent light emitting units OL1 and OL2, and may control the balance of charges between the adjacent light emitting units OL1 and OL2.

[0269] The charge generation unit CGL may include an aromatic amine organic compound or a metal oxide. For example, the charge generation unit CGL may include a charge generation material including an aromatic amine organic compound, a carbazole compound, a metal, a metal oxide, a metal carbide, a fluoride, or a mixture thereof.

[0270] In an embodiment, the aromatic amine organic compound may be the first compound according to an embodiment. The aromatic amine organic compound may be the first compound represented by Formula 1 according to an embodiment. In the light emitting element ED according to an embodiment, at least one of the first hole transport region HTR1 and the charge generation unit CGL may each independently include the first compound. In other embodiments, the aromatic amine organic compound may be N,N'-di(naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPD), 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), 4,4'4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-TDATA), spiro TAD or spiro NPB. The carbazole compound may be 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP). For example, the metal may be cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), barium (Ba) or lithium (Li). For example, the metal oxide and the metal carbide may be Re 2 O 7 、MoO 3 、V 2 O 5 , WO 3 、TiO 2 or Cs 2 CO 3 For example, the fluoride may be a perfluorodecalin-type fluoride, a malononitrile-type fluoride, BaF 2 , LiF or CsF.

[0271] The charge generation unit CGL may include a p-type charge generation layer p-CGL and an n-type charge generation layer n-CGL. The charge generation unit CGL may have a structure in which the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL and the n-type charge generation layer n-CGL are bonded to each other. The charge generation unit CGL may have a structure in which the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL and the n-type charge generation layer n-CGL are stacked in this order.

[0272] The n-type charge generation layer n-CGL may be a charge generation layer that provides electrons to the adjacent light emitting units OL1 and OL2. The n-type charge generation layer n-CGL may include an n-dopant. The n-type charge generation layer n-CGL may be a layer in which an n-dopant is doped in a base material. The p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may be a charge generation layer that provides holes to the adjacent light emitting units OL1 and OL2. The p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may include a p-dopant. The p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may be a layer in which a p-dopant is doped in a base material. In an embodiment, the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may include the first compound according to an embodiment as a host, and may be a layer in which a p-dopant is doped in the host. Although not shown in the drawings, a buffer layer may be further provided between the n-type charge generation layer n-CGL and the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL.

[0273] The thickness of the charge generation unit CGL may be about to about For example, the thickness of the charge generation unit CGL may be in the range of about to about If the charge generation unit CGL includes an n-type charge generation layer n-CGL, the thickness of the n-type charge generation layer n-CGL may be, for example, about to about If the charge generation unit CGL includes a p-type charge generation layer p-CGL, the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may be, for example, about 300 Å. to about If the thickness of the charge generation unit CGL, the thickness of the n-type charge generation layer n-CGL, and the thickness of the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL satisfy any of the above ranges, a satisfactory degree of control characteristics of charge balance can be obtained.

[0274] Hereinafter, the relationship between the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL of the charge generation unit CGL and the first hole transport region HTR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 will be explained.

[0275] The p-type charge generation layer p-CGL of the charge generation unit CGL may have a first refractive index with respect to visible light. The p-type charge generation layer p-CGL of the charge generation unit CGL may have a first refractive index with respect to light in a wavelength region in the range of about 400 nm to about 700 nm. For example, the first refractive index may be in the range of about 1.78 to about 2.0. For example, the first refractive index may be in the range of about 1.79 to about 1.90. The first hole transport region HTR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may have a second refractive index with respect to visible light. The first hole transport region HTR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may have a second refractive index with respect to light in a wavelength region in the range of about 400 nm to about 700 nm. For example, the second refractive index may be in the range of about 1.50 to about 1.78. For example, the second refractive index may be in the range of about 1.70 to about 1.78.

[0276] The p-type charge generation layer p-CGL of the charge generation unit CGL may have a first-first refractive index with respect to blue light in a wavelength region of about 400 nm to about 500 nm, may have a first-second refractive index with respect to green light in a wavelength region of about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and may have a first-third refractive index with respect to red light in a wavelength region of about 600 nm to about 700 nm. For example, the first-first refractive index may be in a range of about 1.85 to about 1.95, the first-second refractive index may be in a range of about 1.80 to about 1.90, and the first-third refractive index may be in a range of about 1.75 to about 1.85. The first hole transport region HTR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may have a second-first refractive index with respect to blue light in a wavelength region of about 400 nm to about 500 nm, may have a second-second refractive index with respect to green light in a wavelength region of about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and may have a second-third refractive index with respect to red light in a wavelength region of about 600 nm to about 700 nm. For example, the second-first refractive index may be in the range of about 1.75 to about 1.85, the second-second refractive index may be in the range of about 1.70 to about 1.80, and the second-third refractive index may be in the range of about 1.65 to about 1.75.

[0277] In an embodiment, the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL may be greater than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region HTR1 with respect to any visible light. For example, the refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL with respect to light of a wavelength of about 450 nm may be greater than the refractive index of the first hole transport region HTR1 with respect to light of a wavelength of about 450 nm. The first-first refractive index may be greater than the second-first refractive index, the first-second refractive index may be greater than the second-second refractive index, and the first-third refractive index may be greater than the second-third refractive index. In an embodiment, the relationship between the first refractive index and the second refractive index with respect to any visible light may be represented by Mathematical Equation 1.

[0278] [Mathematical equation 1]

[0279] 0.001≤n1-n2≤0.2

[0280] In Mathematical Equation 1, n1 may be the first refractive index, and n2 may be the second refractive index. For example, the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index may be equal to or less than about 0.2. For example, the difference between the first-first refractive index and the second-first refractive index, the difference between the first-second refractive index and the second-second refractive index, and the difference between the first-third refractive index and the second-third refractive index may each be in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.15.

[0281] In an embodiment, the first extinction coefficient of the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL with respect to any visible light may be greater than the second extinction coefficient of the first hole transport region HTR1. In an embodiment, the first extinction coefficient of the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL with respect to light having a wavelength of about 450 nm may be greater than the second extinction coefficient of the first hole transport region HTR1 with respect to light having a wavelength of about 450 nm. In an embodiment, the relationship between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient with respect to any visible light may be represented by Mathematical Equation 2.

[0282] [Mathematical equation 2]

[0283] 0.0001≤k1-k2≤0.1

[0284] In Mathematical Equation 2, k1 may be a first extinction coefficient, and k2 may be a second extinction coefficient. For example, the difference between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient may be equal to or less than about 0.1. For example, the difference between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient with respect to any red light, the difference between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient with respect to any green light, and the difference between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient with respect to any blue light may each be in the range of about 0.0001 to about 0.05.

[0285] The second light emitting unit OL2 may be provided on the charge generating unit CGL. The second light emitting unit OL2 may include a second emission layer EML2 and a second electron transport region ETR2 stacked in this order. In an embodiment, the second light emitting unit OL2 may include a second hole transport region HTR2, a second emission layer EML2 and a second electron transport region ETR2 stacked in this order.

[0286] The second hole transport region HTR2 of the second light emitting unit OL2 may be provided on the charge generating unit CGL. The second hole transport region HTR2 may include at least one of a second hole injection layer HIL2, a second hole transport layer HTL2, a second emission auxiliary layer SE2, and a second electron blocking layer (not shown). The second emission layer EML2 of the second light emitting unit OL2 may be provided on the second hole transport region HTR2. The second emission layer EML2 may include a second red emission layer EML-R2 overlapping the red light emitting region PXA-R, a second green emission layer EML-G2 overlapping the green light emitting region PXA-G, and a second blue emission layer EML-B2 overlapping the blue light emitting region PXA-B. The second electron transport region ETR2 of the second light emitting unit OL2 may be provided on the second emission layer EML2. The second electron transport region ETR2 may include at least one of a second hole blocking layer (not shown), a second electron transport layer ETL2, and a second electron injection layer EIL2.

[0287] In an embodiment, the second light emitting unit OL2 may include the same constituent elements as those described herein with reference to the first light emitting unit OL1. For example, the first hole transport region HTR1 may include the same constituent elements as the second hole transport region HTR2, the first emission layer EML1 may include the same constituent elements as the second emission layer EML2, and the first electron transport region ETR1 may include the same constituent elements as the second electron transport region ETR2.

[0288] exist FIG. 3B to FIG. 3D, constituent elements constituting each of the first light emitting unit OL1 and the second light emitting unit OL2 are correspondingly shown, but the stacking structure of each of the first light emitting unit OL1 and the second light emitting unit OL2 is not limited to the drawings, and may be provided in various combinations according to the display quality characteristics required by the light emitting element ED. For example, in the light emitting element ED of another embodiment, the second hole transport region HTR2 of the second light emitting unit OL2 may have a structure including the second emission auxiliary layers SE-R2, SE-G2, and SE-B2, and the first hole transport region HTR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may have a structure not including the first emission auxiliary layers SE-R1, SE-G1, and SE-B1. In other embodiments, the second electron transport region ETR2 of the second light emitting unit OL2 may have a structure including the second electron injection layer EIL2, and the first electron transport region ETR1 of the first light emitting unit OL1 may have a structure not including the first electron injection layer EIL1.

[0289] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the second electron transport region ETR2. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, if the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and if the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0290] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like.

[0291] If the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective layer or a transflective layer formed using the above materials and a transparent conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the aforementioned metal material, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the aforementioned metal materials, or an oxide of the aforementioned metal material.

[0292] Although not shown in the drawings, the second electrode EL2 may be electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0293] In an embodiment, the light emitting element ED may further include a capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2. The capping layer CPL may include a plurality of layers or a single layer.

[0294] In an embodiment, the capping layer CPL may include an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if the capping layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (such as LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound (such as MgF 2 )、SiON、SiN x 、SiO y wait.

[0295] For example, if the capping layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (α-NPD), NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq 3 , CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or may include epoxy resin or acrylate such as methacrylate. The capping layer CPL may include at least one of compounds P1 to P5, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0296]

[0297]

[0298] The capping layer CPL may have a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.6. For example, the capping layer CPL may have a refractive index equal to or greater than about 1.6 with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.

[0299] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to another embodiment.

[0300] Shown Figure 4 The light emitting element ED and FIG. 3A to FIG. 3E The difference is at least that the light emitting element ED includes n light emitting units OL1 to OLn. In the description, Figure 4 The n in can be 3 or greater.

[0301] refer to Figure 4, the light emitting element ED according to the embodiment may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2, n light emitting units OL1 to OLn stacked in a thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, and n-1 charge generating units CGL-1 to CGL-n-1 disposed between adjacent light emitting units OL1 to OLn. The first to nth light emitting units OL1 to OLn may include a first hole transport region HTR1, a first emission layer EML1, and a first electron transport region ETR1 to an nth hole transport region HTRn, an nth emission layer EMLn, and an nth electron transport region ETRn stacked in this order, respectively. The first to nth emission layers EML1 to EMLn may include a first red emission layer EML-R1, a first green emission layer EML-G1, and a first blue emission layer EML-B1 to an nth red emission layer EML-Rn, an nth green emission layer EML-Gn, and an nth blue emission layer EML-Bn, respectively. The charge generation units CGL-1 to CGL-n-1 disposed between adjacent light emitting cells OL1 to OLn may include p-type charge generation layers p-CGL-1 and n-type charge generation layers n-CGL-1 to p-type charge generation layers p-CGL-n-1 and n-type charge generation layers n-CGL-n-1, respectively.

[0302] Figure 5 It is a diagram showing a vehicle in which the display device according to the embodiment is provided.

[0303] refer to Figure 5 , the electronic device according to the embodiment may include first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 for the vehicle AM. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 may have the same configuration as described above with reference to Figure 1 A structure of a display device DD according to an embodiment is described.

[0304] exist Figure 5 In the embodiment, the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 are shown as display devices arranged in the vehicle AM. However, this is only for illustration, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 may be arranged in other vehicles such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships and airplanes. In an embodiment, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 having a structure according to the display device DD may be included in a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television, a monitor or an external billboard, etc. However, these are given as examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 may be included in other electronic devices.

[0305] At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 may each independently include a Figure 2 , FIG. 3A to FIG. 3E and Figure 4 The light emitting element ED according to any one of the embodiments described in .

[0306] refer to Figure 5 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a shift lever GR for operating the vehicle AM. The vehicle AM ​​may include a front window GL disposed to face the driver.

[0307] The first display device DD-1 may be disposed in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument panel displaying first information of the vehicle AM. The first information may include a first scale showing the driving speed of the vehicle AM, a second scale showing the engine speed (e.g., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and an image showing the fuel status. The first scale and the second scale may be represented by a digital image.

[0308] The second display device DD-2 may be arranged in a second zone facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat may be a seat in which a steering wheel HA is arranged. For example, the second display device DD-2 may be a head-up display (HUD) showing the second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 may be optically transparent. The second information may include a numerical value showing the driving speed of the vehicle AM, and may further include information such as the current time. Although not shown in the accompanying drawings, in an embodiment, the second information of the second display device DD-2 may be displayed by projecting onto the front window GL.

[0309] The third display device DD-3 may be disposed in a third zone adjacent to the shift lever GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be a central information display (CID) for the vehicle AM, disposed between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and showing the third information. The passenger seat may be a seat spaced apart from the driver's seat, and the shift lever GR is disposed between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about road conditions (e.g., navigation information), information about playing music or radio, information about playing dynamic images (or images), or information about the temperature in the vehicle AM, etc.

[0310] The fourth display device DD-4 may be disposed in a fourth zone spaced apart from the steering wheel HA and the shift lever GR and adjacent to one side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror that displays the fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the exterior of the vehicle AM ​​captured by a camera module CM disposed outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include an image of the exterior of the vehicle AM.

[0311] The first to fourth information as described above are presented only as examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may further display information about the inside and outside of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth information may include information different from each other. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include information identical to each other.

[0312] Hereinafter, a light emitting element according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the described examples and comparative examples. The embodiments described below are provided only as illustrations to help understand the present disclosure, but the scope thereof is not limited thereto.

[0313] [Examples and Comparative Examples]

[0314] 1. Manufacturing of light-emitting components

[0315] (Manufacturing of Light Emitting Element (Example 1)

[0316] In order to manufacture the light-emitting element according to the embodiment, a 15 Ω / cm 2 (about A glass substrate (Corning) with an ITO electrode of 200 μm (0.174 W) was cut into a size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.5 mm, cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and ultrapure water for about 5 minutes each using ultrasonic waves, exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light for about 30 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ozone. The glass substrate was installed in a vacuum deposition device.

[0317] On the first electrode, a first light-emitting unit is formed. On the first electrode, a hole transport host of compound 11 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of compound PG1 is deposited to about 10 nm, and a hole transport host of compound 11 is deposited to about 30 nm to form a first hole transport region as a common layer. On the first hole transport region, a light-emitting host of compound E-2-21 doped with a light-emitting dopant (2%) of compound M-a11 is deposited to about 40 nm to overlap with the first light-emitting region to form a first red emission layer, on the first hole transport region, a light-emitting host of compound E-2-9 doped with a light-emitting dopant (10%) of compound M-a13 is deposited to about 30 nm to overlap with the second light-emitting region to form a first green emission layer, and on the first hole transport region, a light-emitting host of compound E19 doped with a light-emitting dopant (1%) of compound BD is deposited to about 30 nm to overlap with the third light-emitting region to form a first blue emission layer, thereby forming a first emission layer as a pattern layer. The electron transport host of compound ET37 was deposited to about 30 nm to form a first electron transport region as a common layer.

[0318] On the first electron transport region, a charge generation unit is formed. The electron transport host of compound ET37 doped with a Yb metal material dopant (5%) is deposited to about 10 nm to form an n-type charge generation layer as a common layer. On the n-type charge generation layer, the hole transport host of compound H-1-2 doped with a p-dopant (4%) of compound PG1 is deposited to about 10 nm, and the hole transport host of compound H-1-2 is deposited to about 50 nm to form a p-type charge generation layer as a common layer.

[0319] On the p-type charge generation layer, a second light emitting unit is formed. On the p-type charge generation layer, a second red emission layer, a second green emission layer, and a second blue emission layer of the second emission layer are formed to the same thickness using the same materials as the first red emission layer, the first green emission layer, and the first blue emission layer of the first emission layer, respectively. An electron transport host of compound ET38 is deposited to about 30 nm to form a second electron transport region as a common layer.

[0320] On the second electron transport region, Ag:Mg (10%) was deposited to form a layer with a thickness of about to manufacture a light-emitting element. All layers are formed by vacuum deposition. The hole transport host of compound 11 is compound 11 among the compounds in compound group 1, the hole transport host of compound H-1-2 is compound H-1-2 among the compounds in compound group H, the luminescent hosts of compounds E-2-21 and E-2-9 are compounds E-2-21 and E-2-9 among the compounds in compound group E-2, the luminescent dopants of compounds M-a11 and M-a13 are the phosphorescent dopants compounds M-a11 and M-a13 described above, the luminescent host of compound E19 is the fluorescent host compound E19 described above, and compounds ET37 and ET38 are compounds ET37 and ET38 described above.

[0321] (Manufacturing of Light Emitting Element of Example 2)

[0322] The light-emitting element of Example 2 was manufactured by applying substantially the same method as that for manufacturing the stacked structure of the light-emitting element of Example 1. Compared with the light-emitting element of Example 1, the light-emitting element of Example 2 was manufactured by substantially the same method except that a different compound was used to form the first hole transport region.

[0323] The first hole transport region of the light emitting element of Example 2 was formed as a common layer by depositing a hole transport host of Compound 14 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of Compound PG1 to about 10 nm and depositing a hole transport host of Compound 14 to about 30 nm on the first electrode.

[0324] The hole transport host of Compound 14 may be Compound 14 among the compounds in Compound Group 1 above.

[0325] (Manufacturing of Light Emitting Element of Example 3)

[0326] The light-emitting element of Example 3 was manufactured by applying substantially the same method as that of manufacturing the stacked structure of the light-emitting element of Example 1. Compared with the light-emitting element of Example 1, the light-emitting element of Example 3 was manufactured by substantially the same method except that a different compound was used to form the first hole transport region.

[0327] The first hole transport region of the light emitting element of Example 3 was formed as a common layer by depositing a hole transport host of Compound 18 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of Compound PG1 to about 10 nm and depositing a hole transport host of Compound 18 to about 30 nm on the first electrode.

[0328] The hole transport host of Compound 18 may be Compound 18 among the compounds in Compound Group 1 above.

[0329] (Manufacturing of Light Emitting Element of Comparative Example 1)

[0330] The light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured by applying substantially the same method as that for manufacturing the stacked structure of the light-emitting element of Example 1. Compared with the light-emitting element of Example 1, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured by substantially the same method except that a different compound was used to form the first hole transport region and a different compound was used to form the p-type charge generation layer.

[0331] The first hole transport region of the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 was formed as a common layer by depositing a hole transport host of compound H-1-20 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of compound PG1 to about 10 nm on the first electrode and depositing a hole transport host of compound H-1-20 to about 30 nm. The p-type charge generation layer of the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 was formed as a common layer by depositing a hole transport host of compound H-1-1 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of compound PG1 to about 10 nm on the first electron transport region and depositing a hole transport host of compound H-1-1 to about 50 nm.

[0332] The hole transport hosts of compound H-1-1 and compound H-1-20 may be compound H-1-1 and compound H-1-20 among the compounds in compound group H described above.

[0333] (Manufacturing of Light Emitting Element of Comparative Example 2)

[0334] The light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured by applying substantially the same method as that for manufacturing the stacked structure of the light-emitting element of Example 1. Compared with the light-emitting element of Example 1, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured by substantially the same method except that a different compound was used to form the first hole transport region and a different compound was used to form the p-type charge generation layer.

[0335] The first hole transport region of the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 was formed as a common layer by depositing a hole transport host of compound H-1-2 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of compound PG1 to about 10 nm on the first electrode and depositing a hole transport host of compound H-1-2 to about 30 nm. The p-type charge generation layer of the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 was formed as a common layer by depositing a hole transport host of compound 18 doped with a p-dopant (2%) of compound PG1 to about 10 nm on the first electron transport region and depositing a hole transport host of compound 18 to about 50 nm.

[0336] The hole transport host of compound H-1-2 may be compound H-1-2 among the compounds in the above compound group H. The hole transport host of compound 18 may be compound 18 among the compounds in the above compound group 1.

[0337] Meanwhile, in the aforementioned examples, the doping % of the dopant represents molar percentage. The compounds used to manufacture the light emitting elements of the embodiment and the light emitting elements of the comparative example are shown below. These materials were used to manufacture the light emitting elements after purchasing commercial products and purifying by sublimation.

[0338]

[0339] 2. Evaluation of the characteristics of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region

[0340] The refractive index of the first hole transport region HTR1 and the p-type charge generation layer p-CGL of each of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured. When measuring the refractive index, blue light with a wavelength of about 450 nm, green light with a wavelength of about 530 nm, and red light with a wavelength of about 620 nm were used. In Table 1, the refractive index of the first hole transport region and the p-type charge generation layer of each of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is shown according to the wavelength of light.

[0341] Table 1

[0342]

[0343] Referring to Table 1, in each of Examples 1 to 3, the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is greater than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region. With respect to each of blue light having a wavelength of about 450 nm, green light having a wavelength of about 530 nm, and red light having a wavelength of about 620 nm, in each of Examples 1 to 3, the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is greater than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region. For example, with respect to each of blue light, green light, and red light, the difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.2. In contrast to this difference, in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is less than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region. With respect to each of blue light having a wavelength of about 450 nm, green light having a wavelength of about 530 nm, and red light having a wavelength of about 620 nm, it can be found that in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is less than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region.

[0344] 3. Evaluation of the characteristics of light-emitting components

[0345] The emission efficiency and element life of the light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are evaluated. In Table 2, the evaluation results of the light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the light-emitting elements manufactured in Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the top emission efficiency (Cd / A / y) relative to blue light, green light and red light was measured using a luminometer SR-3AR, and the time consumed to reduce the brightness to 95% of the initial brightness relative to blue light, green light and red light was measured as the element life (T95), and the relative element life (T95) was calculated based on the element life of the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0346] Table 2

[0347]

[0348] Referring to the results of Table 2, it is confirmed that the light-emitting element according to the embodiment shows improved element life characteristics relative to blue light (Examples 1 and 2), green light (Examples 1 to 3) and red light (Example 3) compared with the light-emitting element of the comparative example. In the embodiment, it is confirmed that the light-emitting element shows high emission efficiency relative to blue light (Examples 1 to 3), green light (Example 1) and red light (Example 1 and 3) compared with the light-emitting element of the comparative example. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2. In the case of the light-emitting element of Examples 1 to 3, the first compound as a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl portion is included in the first hole transport region. In the embodiment, in the case of the light-emitting element, the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is greater than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region. Accordingly, the effect of increasing the emission efficiency can be achieved in the short wavelength region of visible light, for example, in the blue light wavelength region where the realization of color is relatively difficult. In the embodiment, a long element life and high element efficiency can be achieved.

[0349] In Comparative Example 1, the first compound is not included in the first hole transport region and the p-type charge generation layer, and the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is less than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region. Accordingly, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 is considered to have degraded element life characteristics and emission efficiency with respect to blue light, green light, and red light, compared with the embodiment.

[0350] In Comparative Example 2, the first compound is included in the p-type charge generation layer, but the first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer is less than the second refractive index of the first hole transport region. Accordingly, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 is considered to have degraded element life characteristics and emission efficiency with respect to blue light, green light, and red light, compared with the embodiment.

[0351] According to an embodiment, a tandem light emitting element including a plurality of light emitting stacks may include a hole transport region having a low refractive index characteristic, and accordingly, emission efficiency may be maximized, and emission efficiency and element life of the light emitting element may be improved.

[0352] Embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although terms are employed, they are used and interpreted in a general and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some cases, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with embodiments may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A light emitting element, comprising: a first electrode; a first light emitting unit disposed on the first electrode; a charge generating unit disposed on the first light emitting unit; a second light emitting unit disposed on the charge generating unit; as well as A second electrode is provided on the second light emitting unit, wherein The first light emitting unit comprises: a first hole transport region disposed on the first electrode; a first emission layer disposed on the first hole transport region; and a first electron transport region disposed on the first emission layer, The charge generation unit comprises: an n-type charge generation layer disposed on the first light emitting unit; and a p-type charge generation layer disposed on the n-type charge generation layer, At least one of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region each independently comprises: a tertiary amine compound including a cycloalkyl moiety, and A first refractive index of the p-type charge generation layer with respect to visible light is greater than a second refractive index of the first hole transport region with respect to the visible light.

2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The first refractive index is in the range of 1.78 to 2.0, and The second refractive index is in the range of 1.50 to 1.

78.

3. The light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is represented by Mathematical Equation 1: Mathematical equation 1 0.0001≤n1-n2≤0.2, In mathematical equation 1, n1 is the first refractive index, and n2 is the second refractive index.

4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein a first extinction coefficient of the p-type charge generation layer is greater than a second extinction coefficient of the first hole transport region with respect to any visible light, and The relationship between the first extinction coefficient and the second extinction coefficient is expressed by the following mathematical equation 2: Mathematical equation 2 0.0001≤k1-k2≤0.1, In mathematical equation 2, k1 is the first extinction coefficient, and k2 is the second extinction coefficient.

5. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the tertiary amine compound is represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 In formula 1, L1, L2 and L3 are each independently directly linked, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R2 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R3 is a group represented by formula 2: Formula 2 In Formula 2, X is C(R y1 )(R y2 )、N(R y3 ), O or S, R x1 To R x8 and R y1 To R y3 Each is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or combines with an adjacent group to form a ring, and R x1 To R x8 One of them is the position connected to Formula 1.

6. The light-emitting element according to claim 5, wherein R1 is a group represented by one of Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-5: Formula 3-1 Formula 3-2 Formula 3-3 Formula 3-4 Formula 3-5 In Formula 3-1 to Formula 3-5, -* is the position connected to L1 in Formula 1, and At least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced by a deuterium atom.

7. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the p-type charge generation layer and the first hole transport region each independently comprises at least one compound selected from compound group 1: Compound Group 1 8. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein the first emission layer comprises: a first red emission layer overlapping the first light emitting region; a first green emission layer overlapping the second light emitting region; as well as A first blue emission layer overlaps the third light emitting region.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The second light emitting unit comprises: a second emission layer disposed on the charge generation unit; as well as a second electron transport region disposed on the second emission layer, The second emission layer comprises: a second red emitting layer overlapping the first emitting region; a second green emission layer overlapping the second light emitting region; and A second blue emission layer overlaps the third light emitting region.

10. A display device, comprising: basal layer; A circuit layer disposed on the base layer; as well as A display device layer is provided on the circuit layer and includes the light emitting element according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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