Spectacle lens for reducing myopia progression

Abstract

The invention relates to an ophthalmic lens (10) and a manufacturing method for such an ophthalmic lens, wherein the ophthalmic lens (10) comprises: a central main perspective zone (30) having a substantially constant optical power; an effect region (32) around the central main see-through region (30), the effect region (32) having, at least in part, a microstructure that causes, in the effect region (32), a power at least partially higher than that in the central main see-through region (30) and / or a reduction in contrast at least partially; and a peripheral region (34) other than the effect region (32) has a substantially constant refractive power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a spectacle lens having a specially shaped peripheral zone with at least one deviating optical property for improved long-term wearing comfort and at the same time improved peripheral perception. Background Art

[0002] Particularly in the case of spectacle lenses for correcting myopia, a pronounced trend towards myopia progression often means that the wearing comfort of the spectacle lenses after they have been dispensed as well as the spectacle wearer's satisfaction and tolerance of the spectacles decrease again after a short time.

[0003] In general, myopia is increasing dramatically worldwide, especially in Asia. The WHO estimates that by 2050, more than 50% of the population will suffer from myopia. As myopia increases in an individual, the risk of related eye diseases such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts and macular degeneration also increases dramatically. Therefore, there is a great interest in slowing the increase in myopia. There are several approaches to slowing the progression of myopia by means of optical aids (vision aids). However, what all these approaches have in common is that they are very complex and costly, and are also inflexible when it comes to adapting to rapidly changing circumstances (e.g. changes in eyeglass prescriptions, demands on the visual system).

[0004] To date, various optical effects related to the tolerance and comfort of ophthalmic lenses, in particular spectacle lenses, have been studied for their influence on myopia and / or hyperopia and their progression or development in terms of optical and physiological mechanisms aimed at explaining or slowing down the progression or development, in particular degeneration. Existing methods are essentially based on imaging the image in front of the retina, as this aims to slow down the length growth of the eye. It has been shown that this is sufficient if this is only in the periphery of the retina.

[0005] One possible approach is to use bifocal lenses and / or progressive addition lenses (PAL). Here, on the one hand, by addition, an area is imaged in the peripheral zone in front of the retina when looking at distance, and on the other hand, when looking at near objects, at least in the case of low autofocus, the image is not imaged behind the retina. This works better for children with insufficient autofocus and / or hyperconvergence. However, with this approach, acceptable results can only be achieved in a small group of hyperconvergence. However, bifocal lenses are not advisable, especially for children, at least for aesthetic reasons.

[0006] Another approach is based on special PALs (or radially symmetric PALs) with a central focusing effect and peripheral addition (eg DE 10 2009 053 467 A1).

[0007] Like both methods, PAL also has areas of high aberrations. Furthermore, when looking through the periphery of the lens, the quality of both peripheral and foveal vision is significantly compromised due to the presence of aberrations. If high demands are placed on the visual system (e.g. in road traffic), this can only be solved with a second pair of single-vision glasses. This further increases the effort and costs when changing prescriptions. Therefore, the acceptance of such solutions is often also low.

[0008] Other approaches are based on special contact lenses, for example. For example, research has been conducted on progressive contact lenses that have a higher additive effect in the peripheral zone than in the central zone. However, in practice, this also impairs foveal vision. Furthermore, if the power is changed, new lenses must be produced at great expense. Furthermore, for children, operability and reliability are limited. This is particularly true for young children, and is made even more difficult by the fact that measures to slow myopia would actually achieve the greatest effect if taken from an early age.

[0009] Another approach using contact lenses utilizes so-called Ortho-K contact lenses, which can be worn at night but deform the cornea. This is intended to correct myopia in the center and have an additive effect in the periphery (compared to the center). However, each contact lens has its own specific requirements here and new lenses must also be produced at great expense, for example in the case of a new prescription. Furthermore, the effects of corneal deformation on the metabolism and structure of the cornea are still unclear, especially in young children.

[0010] The progression of myopia presents the following problem for spectacles wearers: the wearing comfort of spectacles fitted once decreases continuously. It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the long-term compatibility of spectacles and thus to achieve long-term wearing comfort at low cost. Summary of the invention

[0011] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a spectacle lens having the features specified in the independent claim. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0012] Thus, the present invention relates in one aspect to a spectacle lens comprising:

[0013] - a central main perspective zone, having a substantially constant optical power and preferably a substantially constant contrast; and

[0014] - an effect zone, in particular substantially annular, around the central main perspective zone, wherein the effect zone at least partially has a microstructure which causes in the effect zone:

[0015] - an optical power which is at least partially higher than the optical power in the central main perspective zone (i.e. a positive refractive effect which is at least partially stronger than the refractive effect in the central main perspective zone - in the following, this difference is also referred to as "positive refractive additional effect"), and / or

[0016] - At least partially reduced contrast compared to the central main perspective area.

[0017] Particularly preferably, the spectacle lens in one aspect comprises, outside the effect zone, an, in particular, essentially annular, peripheral zone which has an essentially constant optical power.

[0018] In this case, the microstructures are in particular only located in the (annular) effect zone, while the central main perspective zone and the preferably additionally provided (annular) peripheral zone are preferably free of these microstructures, or at least have no increased optical power and / or no contrast reduction there. In this context, therefore, an important aspect of the innovation is not only the positive refractive additional effect and / or contrast reduction and its distribution on the spectacle lens.

[0019] However, the microstructures do not produce the same effect over the entire surface, i.e. in all perspective points of the spectacle lens, in any case. Thus, in particular in the central main perspective zone (or peripheral zone) no or only a small positive dioptric additional effect or no or only a small contrast reduction is produced. This ensures that the spectacle lens always has the dioptric effect intended for the user wearing the spectacle lens (in particular based on an individual prescription effect) in the central main perspective zone and in the peripheral zone, and that the spectacle wearer can also have a substantially unchanged central clear vision with the spectacle lens and can preferably simultaneously perceive peripheral movements very well.

[0020] The positive refractive additional effect of the microstructures caused only in the effect zone results in an optical imaging in front of the retina of the spectacle wearer compared to the central main perspective zone and / or prevents a sharp imaging of the peripheral vision in the focus behind the retina at least by reducing the contrast, thereby reducing the stimulation of the length expansion or length growth of the relevant eye. It has therefore been found that the spectacle lens according to the invention particularly prevents the imaging of the peripheral vision zone in the focus behind the retina, which would lead to a stimulation of the length growth of the eye. Therefore, reducing the stimulation of the length growth also reduces the short-term myopia progression of the eye, which often leads to a reduction in comfort when wearing the spectacle lens.

[0021] The spectacle lenses according to the invention improve the long-term compatibility of the spectacles and achieve long-term wearing comfort. As a result, the spectacle wearer also perceives obstacles and hazards in the (distant) peripheral vision zone as well as possible, at least in a manner that is as familiar or reliable as possible for the user. On the one hand, this ensures a long-term high compatibility and a comfortable wearing experience of the spectacle lenses, and on the other hand, a high level of safety for the user.

[0022] Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention provides for the use of such a spectacle lens for non-therapeutic purposes in order to improve the tolerance and comfort when using the spectacle lens for a long period of time. In one aspect, the present invention avoids the adverse consequences of decreased vision (myopia) of the eye, such as caused by conventional lenses (e.g. spectacle lenses). To this end, the present invention relates in one aspect, in particular, to a spectacle lens with a negative refractive effect in the central main perspective zone. Therefore, in particular in the case of an eye that already has myopia that is compensated by a spectacle lens with a negative refractive effect in the central main perspective zone, the comfort of wearing the spectacle lens can be particularly significantly maintained over a long period of time. Against this background, therefore, the present invention relates in another aspect, in particular, to a non-therapeutic use of a spectacle lens proposed here for reducing the progression of (non-therapeutic) myopia.

[0023] Preferably, the substantially constant optical power in the peripheral zone substantially corresponds to the substantially constant optical power in the central main perspective zone. Preferably, the variation of the optical power in the central main perspective zone and / or in the peripheral zone is in a range of no more than about 1 dpt, preferably no more than about 0.5 dpt, most preferably no more than about 0.25 dpt. Particularly preferably, the deviation between the optical power in the central main perspective zone and the optical power in the peripheral zone does not exceed about 1.5 dpt, preferably no more than about 1 dpt, more preferably no more than about 0.5 dpt, most preferably no more than about 0.25 dpt.

[0024] Preferably, the power in the effect zone caused by the microstructures (i.e. the power of the spectacle lens caused in the effect zone by means of the microstructures) is at least about 1 dpt, even more preferably at least about 2 dpt, most preferably at least about 3 dpt higher than the power in the central main perspective zone. In other words, the positive refractive add effect (i.e. the additional power) is preferably at least about 1 dpt, more preferably at least about 2 dpt, most preferably at least about 3 dpt. Alternatively or additionally, the power in the effect zone caused by the microstructures is preferably at most about 10 dpt, even more preferably at most about 5 dpt, most preferably at most about 4 dpt higher than the power in the central main perspective zone. In other words, the positive refractive add effect is preferably at most about 10 dpt, even more preferably at most about 5 dpt, most preferably at most about 4 dpt.

[0025] The peripheral defocus produced in the middle peripheral visual zone towards the image in front of the retina is particularly effective in attenuating the stimulation of the eye's length growth. Both larger and smaller values ​​of the positive refractive addition effect of the microstructure tend to continue to tolerate the existing tendency of the eye's length growth, and thus the attenuation effect is poorer. This means that, in the case of low values ​​of the positive refractive addition effect in the effect zone, a correct and possibly even slightly excessive autofocus in the central main perspective zone still causes the middle peripheral visual zone to be partially focused behind the retina, and thus hardly or not at all suppresses the stimulation of the eye's length growth. However, in the case of large values ​​of the positive refractive addition effect in the effect zone, the middle peripheral visual zone is perceived as being so blurred that the effective influence on the length growth is greatly reduced, because the eye no longer perceives any significant difference between the images in front and behind the retina.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the power increase, i.e. the positive dioptric addition effect, caused by the microstructures varies along at least one meridian of the spectacle lens through the center of the central main perspective zone by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 25%, even more preferably at least about 50%, most preferably at least about 75%, or even at least about 90% of the maximum absolute value of the power increase caused by the microstructures. This means that the power increase caused by the microstructures in the effect zone is not equal everywhere. For example, in the case of microlenses as microstructures, the microlenses can have different surface curvatures in order to achieve different power values. Therefore, in this embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if the dioptric effect along the (at least one) meridian from the center to the periphery of the spectacle lens passes through at least one local minimum in the effect zone. However, it can also be preferably allowed that the power generated in the transition from the central main perspective zone to the effect zone and / or the power generated in the transition from the effect zone to the peripheral zone varies substantially continuously, i.e. without a clear jump. Particularly preferably, the power change is adapted to a separate measurement of the peripheral eye length.

[0027] Preferably, the power caused by the microstructure has a temporal maximum along the horizontal meridian of the spectacle lens through the center of the central main perspective area in the region where the meridian intersects the effect area from the temporal side of the central main perspective area and a nasal maximum in the region of the effect area where the meridian intersects the nasal side of the central main perspective area, so that the nasal maximum is greater than the temporal maximum, preferably by about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt. In other words, the maximum value of the positive refractive additional effect is greater on the nasal side of the central main perspective area along the horizontal meridian than on the temporal side of the central main perspective area. It has been found that such asymmetry in the horizontal extension of the positive refractive additional effect is particularly effective and generally improves long-term wearing comfort. This can be explained by the fact that the eye length to the retina is generally slightly smaller in the region of the temporal side of the foveal area than at the same distance on the nasal side of the foveal area.

[0028] Preferably, alternatively or additionally, the power caused by the microstructure has a lower maximum value along the vertical meridian of the spectacle lens through the center of the central main perspective area in the region where the meridian intersects the effect area below the central main perspective area and an upper maximum value in the region where the meridian intersects the effect area above the central main perspective area, so that the upper maximum value is greater than the lower maximum value, preferably greater than about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt. In other words, the maximum value of the positive refractive addition effect is greater above the central main perspective area than below the central main perspective area along the vertical meridian. It has been found that this asymmetry in the vertical extension of the positive refractive addition effect is particularly effective and generally improves long-term wearing comfort. This can be explained by the fact that the eye length to the retina is generally slightly smaller in the region below the fovea area than at the same distance above the fovea area.

[0029] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distribution of the positive refractive add effect is adapted individually (in particular based on individual measurements). For this purpose, a device (for example an optical biometer or Rodenstock's Scanner 2) examines the eye, with the aid of which central and peripheral biometric data can be measured or derived. In particular, the central and peripheral eye length and / or the refraction of the eye, objective and / or subjective, central and / or peripheral, can be obtained as biometric data. The peripheral data can be measured from the nasal side and / or the temporal side and / or the upper side (light incident from above) and / or the lower side (light incident from below). The eccentricity of the peripheral measurement can be in particular in the range of 5° to 40°, preferably in the range of about 10° to about 20°. The measurement can also be carried out at multiple eccentricities in order to obtain separate curves.

[0030] Preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 5 data points are obtained, of which at least one central light incidence angle and preferably 1, or more preferably 4 peripheral light incidence angles. These biometric data can be used alone or in combination with other non-biometric parameters to obtain the best distribution of the positive refractive additional effect. Non-biometric parameters may include the age of myopia onset or the rate of myopia progression to date.

[0031] This data is used to locally adapt the power of the microstructures according to the local eye length and / or refraction. For example, if the eye length on the temporal side is smaller than the eye length on the nasal side, the average power of the microstructures on the temporal side is preferably calculated to be more positive than the average power of the microstructures on the nasal side. In case the measurements are made at multiple eccentricities, the variation of the power of the microlenses is preferably locally adapted so that the resulting focus is always in front of the peripheral retina (preferably as substantially equally far as possible).

[0032] In particular, the invention therefore provides in one aspect a method for the individual calculation or production of a spectacle lens as described herein for an eye of a user, the method comprising:

[0033] - providing user data specifying at least one central eye length and / or central refraction (i.e. the length or refraction of the user's eye at central (foveal) light incidence) and at least one peripheral eye length and / or peripheral refraction (i.e. the length or refraction of the user's eye at peripheral light incidence, the at least one peripheral eye length and / or peripheral refraction deviating from the at least one central eye length and / or central refraction by a peripheral angle / eccentricity);

[0034] - determining the value of the target additional effect from the value of the basic additional effect and the difference between the central eye length and at least one peripheral eye length; and

[0035] - The spectacle lens is calculated or manufactured such that the microstructures in the effect zone at least partially bring about a power which is higher by the target additional effect than the power in the central main perspective zone. An angle in the range of about 5° to about 40°, in particular in the range of about 10° to about 30°, is used in particular as the peripheral angle (eccentricity).

[0036] Preferably, the user data specifies a plurality of peripheral eye lengths for at least partially horizontally and / or vertically different light incidence directions, wherein the method comprises:

[0037] - determining a respective value of the target additional effect for each of the light incidence directions as a function of the value of the base additional effect and the respective difference between the central eye length and the respective peripheral eye length;

[0038] - determining for each of the light incidence directions a transmission point of light through the eyeglass lens; and

[0039] The spectacle lens is calculated or manufactured such that the microstructures in the light transmission point induce an optical power which is higher than the optical power in the central main perspective zone by a corresponding target additional effect.

[0040] Preferably, the positive refractive additional effect is defined as a basic additional effect, which defines in particular a defined (preferably substantially constant) distance of a sharp image in front of the retina of the eye over the entire effect zone (or at least over the largest part of the effect zone). In order to keep this distance as constant as possible in the (average) peripheral vision zone (i.e. outside the central main perspective zone) (even if the peripheral eye length varies locally), in addition to this basic additional effect, the angle-dependent eye length is also taken into account. Thus, the target additional effect can be varied locally and individually, wherein the other determined basic additional effects define a preferably substantially constant distance of the image in front of the retina.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the effect zone comprises at least one inner effect zone, which is preferably directly adjacent to the central main perspective zone (and in particular at least partially surrounds the central main perspective zone), and has microstructures that cause a higher optical power and / or a reduction in contrast than the optical power in the central main perspective zone at least in part. In addition, the effect zone in this embodiment preferably comprises at least one outer effect zone, which has microstructures that cause a higher optical power and / or a reduction in contrast than the optical power in the central main perspective zone at least in part. It is possible here that the microstructures in the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone may produce effects of the same type and size (i.e., in both cases a refractive addition effect and / or a reduction in contrast in both cases). However, the microstructures in the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone may also differ from each other in type and / or size.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the effect zone preferably comprises at least one intermediate zone between the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone which is free of microstructures or which has microstructures which cause a smaller optical power or a smaller contrast reduction than the microstructures in the inner and outer effect zones. Thus, at least the inner and outer effect zones at least partially have microstructures which cause an optical power which is at least partially higher than the optical power in the central main perspective zone; and / or an at least partial contrast reduction. Preferably, the intermediate zone does not have such a higher optical power or contrast reduction.

[0043] Thus, the effect zone preferably has an inner effect zone, in particular an annular zone, and an outer effect zone, in particular an annular zone, which are at least partially separated from each other by an intermediate zone, in particular an annular zone, wherein the intermediate zone has a smaller positive refractive power addition effect or a smaller contrast reduction than the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone. Here, the inner effect zone forms a preferably annular zone, which is closer to the central main perspective zone than the outer effect zone or directly adjoins the central zone. Here, the inner effect zone is preferably surrounded by the intermediate zone, which in turn is further away from the central main perspective zone than the inner effect zone. Towards the periphery, the intermediate zone is surrounded by the outer effect zone. The inner effect zone and the outer effect zone preferably have a positive refractive power addition effect and / or a (stronger) contrast reduction relative to the central zone, while the intermediate zone preferably has a smaller positive refractive power addition effect or a smaller contrast reduction, or substantially no positive refractive power addition effect or no contrast reduction, compared to the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone. Preferably, the positive refractive power addition effect of the intermediate zone relative to the central zone is not greater than approximately 1 dpt, even more preferably not greater than approximately 0.5 dpt, most preferably not greater than approximately 0.25 dpt.

[0044] The central main perspective area preferably comprises a circular face having a radius of at least about 3mm, preferably at least about 5mm, more preferably at least about 8mm. In other words, this means that the central main perspective area has such a size and shape that such a circular face having a specified radius is completely contained therein. Alternatively or additionally, the central main perspective area is preferably located in a circular face having a radius of at most about 25mm, preferably at most about 20mm, more preferably at most about 15mm, most preferably at most about 10mm. Here, the central main perspective area can be substantially circular. However, the central area otherwise need not be completely circular. Also an ellipse or usually an oval shape can be provided as the central area.

[0045] This dimensioning of the central main perspective area with (substantially) no dioptric addition effect ensures that the spectacle lens continues to maintain good central vision without distortion-free clarity. At the same time, the positive dioptric addition effect provided in the mid-peripheral range is moved far enough into the center of the visual field to have an effective effect on the length growth of the eye.

[0046] The optional peripheral zone is preferably located completely outside a circular surface with a radius of at least about 20 mm, preferably at least about 25 mm, particularly preferably at least about 30 mm, even more preferably at least about 35 mm, and most preferably at least about 40 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the effect zone 32 is preferably located completely inside a circular surface with a radius of at most about 45 mm, preferably at most about 40 mm, particularly preferably at most about 35 mm, even more preferably at most about 30 mm, and most preferably at most about 25 mm.

[0047] In the case of using an intermediate zone with (substantially) no dioptric addition effect or an intermediate zone with only a small dioptric addition effect as described above between the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone, it is particularly advantageous if the intermediate zone is arranged in an annular zone in the center of the spectacle lens or of the central main perspective zone, which is located between an inner boundary circle with a radius of about 15 mm and an outer boundary circle with a radius of about 30 mm. In this case, in particular, the center point (e.g., geometrical center of gravity or inscribed center) of the central main perspective zone (which is not affected by the addition effect or contrast reduction) can be used as the center. Particularly preferably, the (annular) intermediate zone has a (ring) width in the radial direction of not more than about 10 mm.

[0048] Therefore, the intermediate zone ensures that a part of the intermediate peripheral visual zone is imaged clearly on the retina as well as the central visual zone and, if necessary, also as the (distant) peripheral zone. It has been found that this is particularly effective for reliably perceiving movement. However, the combination of the inner effect zone and the outer effect zone also ensures that completely clear imaging behind the retina is avoided and thus the stimulation of the increased length of the eye is weakened. This in turn improves the long-term wearing comfort of the glasses. Compared with the use of an enlarged central main perspective zone in combination with only one continuous effect zone with a relatively constant additional effect (positive refraction and / or reduced contrast), when using an intermediate zone without a refractive additional effect (or a reduced refractive additional effect) or without a reduced contrast, the combination of the effects of (central visual zone, part of the intermediate peripheral visual zone and the distant peripheral visual zone) reliability of movement perception and long-term wearing comfort is even significantly greater.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the microstructures comprise, in particular, refractive Fresnel structures. In principle, diffractive structures are also possible. However, refractive Fresnel structures are relatively easy to produce and are of high quality. The Fresnel structures are particularly preferably arranged on the surface of the spectacle lens with a profile height (step height) in the range of about 0.01 mm to, in particular, about 0.2 mm, preferably in the range of about 0.02 mm to, in particular, about 0.2 mm. The step spacing of the Fresnel structures is preferably in the range of about 0.2 mm to about 2 mm, more preferably in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0050] In one aspect, the microstructure causes at least a partial contrast reduction in the effect zone. To this end, the microstructure preferably includes a surface roughness that causes dimming of the optical imaging. This dimming can lead to a reduction in contrast. The central main perspective zone should remain substantially clear, while the contrast reduction is generated only in the effect zone (i.e., between the central main perspective zone and the peripheral zone). This contrast reduction helps to ensure that the intermediate peripheral visual zone does not or less provides stimulation for the length growth of the eye. This contrast reduction is particularly effective if the perception (or degree of perception) in the contrast reduction area is at least about 0.5, preferably at least about 0.7. Preferably, the perception caused by the contrast reduction is not greater than about 0.9, and more preferably not greater than about 0.8.

[0051] Perception is understood here in particular as a factor of reduced visual acuity, i.e. visual acuity, wherein a visual acuity determined as a value of 1 according to DIN 58220, Part 3 is assumed as a reference. Thus, a perception of 0 (<0.1) means essentially complete obstruction, while 1 means in principle complete transparency. These properties arise in particular when the spectacle lens is arranged in a position with a typical corneal vertex distance (CVD), i.e. in particular in which at least one value of the CVD is in the range of about 11 mm to about 18 mm, particularly preferably at least one value of the CVD is about 13 mm or about 14 mm.

[0052] Alternatively or in addition to compliance with the perceived value ranges presented here, it is particularly preferred that the contrast reduction caused by the microstructures in the effect zone leads to a haze value (in particular, haze percentage) in a range of not more than about 10, preferably in a range of not more than about 2, according to the ASTM D-1003 standard, and wherein the contrast reduction caused by the microstructures in the effect zone preferably leads to a haze value in a range of at least about 0.1, in particular in a range of at least about 0.5, according to the ASTM D-1003 standard.

[0053] Particularly preferably, the transmittance of the effect zone (particularly the transmittance value according to the ASTM D-1003 standard) is still at least 85, even more preferably at least 90, in the case of reduced contrast. This ensures that the spectacle lens does not completely block (e.g. absorb and / or reflect) light, thereby darkening the field of view even in the case of reduced contrast, but the light is only (partially) scattered. This largely preserves the impression of brightness and prevents a noticeable enlargement of the pupil (due to reduced light incidence).

[0054] For example, according to the ASTM D-1003 standard, both haze and light transmittance values ​​can be determined or checked using the "haze-gard plus" measuring device from BYK Additives and Instruments.

[0055] In the case of a purely dioptric or contrast-reducing effect of the microstructures, these microstructures are preferably arranged only outside the central main perspective zone and, if applicable, outside the peripheral zone, i.e., in particular in the effect zone. Alternatively, however, the microstructures can also be arranged in the central main perspective zone, in the effect zone and, if applicable, in the peripheral zone, wherein the positive dioptric addition effect and / or contrast reduction is achieved only in the effect zone. However, the microstructures can have a (uniform) dioptric and / or prismatic addition effect over the entire spectacle lens, i.e., including the central main perspective zone, the effect zone and / or, if applicable, the peripheral zone.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the central main perspective zone is oval, in particular substantially elliptical, wherein preferably the ratio of the largest diameter to the smallest diameter is in the range of about 1.2 to about 2.5, preferably in the range of about 1.25 to about 2. It is particularly preferred that the axis of the largest diameter is offset by an angle in the range of about 5° to about 20° relative to the vertical direction of the spectacle lens.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the effect zone comprises a near vision segment within the segment of the spectacle lens and preferably comprises (i.e. occupies) a segment of the effect zone. The optical properties of the segment of the effect zone consisting of the near vision segment differ at least partially from the optical properties of the remaining effect zone, in particular with regard to their positive dioptric addition effect and / or contrast reduction. Particularly preferably, the segment of the effect zone consisting of the near vision segment has substantially no contrast reduction, whereas preferably the remaining effect zone (i.e. the part not consisting of the near vision segment) at least partially (in particular, in terms of area, mostly) causes contrast reduction.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the section of the effect zone included by the near vision segment has essentially no microstructures. In another preferred embodiment, the section of the effect zone included by the near vision segment includes microlenses, which essentially have or cause a common, eye-side focus. Here, preferably, a second image is generated by the microlenses, which superimposes the first image (which is sharp for a distance). Therefore, not only a sharp image of a nearby object but also a blurred image (from the part that produces a sharp image at a distance) is generated. Particularly preferably, the remaining section of the effect zone, i.e. the section not included by the near vision segment, also has microlenses, although these microlenses do not have a common focus. In any case, preferably most of the microlenses in the rest of the effect zone do not have (especially directly) adjacent microlenses with the same focus. Otherwise, the positive refractive additional effect of each individual microlens in the near vision segment and the rest of the effect zone may even be essentially the same. However, although the microlenses do not lead to a common additional effect due to the different positions of the focus, but instead produce a blurred image, the microlenses in the near vision segment can produce an additional effect, making the near vision segment very suitable for the user, especially for reading at a shorter distance.

[0059] In one aspect, the microlenses in the near vision segment can cause focusing on the optical axis of the spectacle lens extending through the central main perspective zone and / or defined by the central main perspective zone. In other words, preferably, the optical axes of the microstructures in the near vision segment intersect at their common focal point. Clear imaging (i.e., a clear view) is preferably achieved by the spectacle lens in the entire near vision segment (in particular, in the segment of the effect zone consisting of the near vision segment). Due to the positive refractive additional effect of the microstructures in the part of the effect zone consisting of the near vision segment relative to the central main perspective zone, near vision is improved. On the other hand, the microstructures in the remaining effect zones (i.e., outside the near vision segment) preferably each have a focal point, which is particularly located outside the intersection of their optical axes.

[0060] Preferably, the near vision segment is located in an area bounded on the temporal side by a vertical meridian running downward through the center of the central main perspective area and on the nasal side by a meridian running downward from the center of the central main perspective area and twisted by 45°, preferably 30°, and more preferably 20° relative to the vertical direction. In other words, the near vision segment is preferably located between two imaginary lines, one of which runs vertically downward from the center of the central main perspective area (through the effect area). This imaginary line preferably represents the temporal boundary of the near vision segment. The other imaginary line runs downward from the center of the central main perspective area on the nasal side, twisted by the aforementioned angle relative to the vertical direction. This imaginary line preferably represents the nasal boundary of the near vision segment. The near vision segment does not have to fill the entire area between the two imaginary lines here. But it is preferred not to exceed the two imaginary lines.

[0061] When the center of the central main perspective area is mentioned in the present description, this especially refers to the geometrical centroid of the area of ​​the central main perspective area or the center point of the smallest circle which still completely contains the central main perspective area.

[0062] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a spectacle lens, in particular according to one of the preferred embodiments presented in the remainder of this specification, comprising:

[0063] a spectacle lens body having, on at least a first surface of the spectacle lens body, microstructures with, in particular, a positive refractive add effect, in particular in the form of microlenses also referred to as lenslets; and

[0064] - a protective layer arranged on the spectacle lens body, which at least partially, preferably completely covers the microstructures (e.g. microlenses), wherein the protective layer has a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body. Thus, in particular microstructures (e.g. microlenses) arranged in the effect zone can be very effectively protected from damage and / or contamination.

[0065] In this way, the protective layer can be used to prevent the microstructures formed in the spectacle lens, i.e. on the first surface of the spectacle lens body, in particular in the form of microlenses with a positive refractive effect, from being damaged or contaminated during the manufacturing process of the spectacle lens and / or when the spectacle lens is used in the spectacle. Due to the difference in refractive index, these microstructures still have an optical effect, in particular the microstructures as microlenses can produce a local positive refractive additional effect. Here, the protective layer is in particular provided with sufficient optical transparency so as not to impair the use of the spectacle lens including the protective layer too much. For this purpose, the protective layer has a substantially smooth surface on the side of the protective layer facing away from the microstructures, which surface in particular does not follow the topography of the microstructures but only the overall curvature of the spectacle lens. Therefore, this substantially smooth surface of the protective layer is much less sensitive to damage or soiling. Furthermore, this provides the possibility of very easy application of additional layers (e.g. antireflection layers, topcoats, hard layers) which cannot (easily) be applied to non-planar surfaces of the microstructures or which may negatively affect their effect.

[0066] Preferably, the difference between the refractive index of the protective layer and the refractive index of the spectacle lens body is at least about 0.05, more preferably at least about 0.1, particularly preferably at least about 0.15, most preferably at least about 0.2. A larger difference has the advantage of a greater effect, while a smaller difference has the advantage of a lower reflection coefficient and a simpler material.

[0067] Since the optical effect of the microlens depends on the difference in refractive index between the material chosen for the eyeglass lens body and the material used for the cover, it is advantageous to have the largest possible difference. However, a high refractive index will cause undesirable reflections at the boundary layer between the body and the cover. The intensity of the reflection ∈ can be estimated using the known normal incidence formula:

[0068]

[0069] Table 1 contains the refractive index results for some preferred material combinations.

[0070] <![CDATA[n1]]> 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.67 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 <![CDATA[n2]]> 1.60 1.67 1.90 1.67 1.90 1.90 1.50 1.60 1.67 1.90 ∈[％] 0.10 0.29 1.38 0.05 0.73 0.42 4.00 5.33 6.30 9.63

[0071] Table 1: Different material combinations as reference values ​​and reflection intensities of different materials to air (n1 = 1.00)

[0072] In addition to avoiding reflections at this boundary, a low reflection intensity at this boundary is particularly preferred in order to avoid multiple or Fabry-Perot reflections of subsequent layers (e.g. hard coatings) or layers opposite to the surface of the spectacle lens. In order to avoid said multiple or Fabry-Perot reflections, it is particularly preferred to provide the protective layer-air interface and the spectacle lens body-air interface with an antireflection layer. The reflectivity of the refractive index combination of 1.50 and 1.60 or 1.60 and 1.67 is very low. Due to the higher refractive index difference, the optical effect of the refractive index combination of 1.5 and 1.67 is better and the reflection tolerance is higher. On the other hand, the combination with 1.90 shows a relatively high reflection intensity.

[0073] In particular, the microstructures are designed as microlenses (in particular bumps of the eyeglass lens body) to image part of the light passing through these microlenses (lenses) in front of the retina in order to counteract the length increase of the eye. For this purpose, the lenslets preferably have a positive refractive additional effect D. For example, an additional effect of about 3.5 dpt has been demonstrated. However, other powers (for example, 2 dpt to 5 dpt) are also possible and should have a similar effect. The optical effect of the bumps is caused by refraction at the interface between the eyeglass lens body and the protective layer in the area of ​​the bumps. By a given defocusing effect D of the bumps and the refractive index n of the protective layer or the eyeglass lens body, the refractive index of the protective layer or the eyeglass lens body is determined. D and n H , the radius r of the bump can be determined in the simplest case according to the formula for the optical effect of the refractive surface:

[0074] r=(n H -n D ) / D (2)

[0075] If the refractive index of the spectacle lens body is greater than the refractive index of the protective layer, a convex bump (positive radius) as seen from the spectacle lens body will result in the desired positive refractive (i.e. collecting) additional effect. In the opposite case (i.e. the refractive index of the protective layer is greater than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body), a concave bump ("depression") must be chosen for the collecting additional effect (negative radius). For a given radius, according to the geometry of the circular segment, the height h of the bump and the diameter s of its lateral extent are respectively within the following ratios:

[0076] and

[0077] Some examples of resulting bump sizes are summarized in Table 2.

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Table 2: Examples of bump sizes for given additional effects and refractive indices

[0081] The calculations described above only take into account the refraction effects between the protective layer and the spectacle lens body. This is admissible to a sufficiently approximate degree. If a more precise treatment is required, the refractions at all or some other transitions of the system can also be taken into account. In particular, the transitions are air→protective layer, cover layer→spectacles lens body and spectacle lens body→air for the structures on the front surface and air→spectacles lens body, spectacle lens body→protective layer and protective layer→air for the structures on the back surface. If additional coatings create more optically active interfaces, these can also be taken into account. Additionally or alternatively, the divergence or parallelism of the radiation incident on the lens and / or the exact geometry of the bumps can also be taken into account. In particular, the calculations can be performed using the following technical optics methods: second-order analytical calculations; analytical calculations, including higher orders; simulations using ray tracing; simulations using waveform tracing. The effects of the spectacle lens can be considered individually or used at a reference position such as a vertex sphere or a real or imaginary surface in the eye (e.g. retina, back of the eye lens, principal plane). Furthermore, not only the radius of the spherical sector-shaped bumps or depressions can be calculated, but also the shape of the bumps or depressions that deviate from the spherical surface can be determined.

[0082] In order to reduce the height of the microstructures, the lenslets can also be designed as Fresnel lenses or diffractive lenses. Simple diffractive structures are more difficult to manufacture due to the smaller structures and the sharper angles. When the first diffraction order is used, the height corresponds to the design wavelength with respect to the difference in the refractive index of the material of the protective layer and the spectacle lens body. Fresnel structures are usually larger and do not show any relevant interference in their pure form. This can be achieved by designing the structures to be large enough. Widths between 0.2 mm and 1 mm are suitable. MODs (multi-order diffractive structures) are in the intermediate range. In contrast to simple diffractive structures, higher diffraction orders are used, in which different wavelength ranges can have corresponding diffraction maxima at different orders. This significantly reduces color errors.

[0083] Preferably, the thickness of the protective layer is at least about 5 μm, more preferably at least about 10 μm, still more preferably at least about 20 μm, particularly preferably at least about 100 μm, most preferably at least about 200 μm. Alternatively or additionally, the protective layer has a thickness of preferably at most about 1 mm, more preferably at most about 0.5 mm, particularly preferably at most about 0.3 mm.

[0084] Preferably, the thickness of the coating ensures that all bumps (or depressions) are covered and that the protective layer is optically active in terms of geometrical optics. Furthermore, interference phenomena can be avoided ideally. It can be assumed that the wavelength of visible radiation is in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm and the coherence length of natural radiation is in the medium wavelength range. This means that the minimum thickness depends to a large extent on the height of the bump or Fresnel or diffractive structure. Multiples of the wavelength (at least 4 to 10 times) should be added to the height of the structure. Therefore, depending on the geometry of the bump, a layer thickness of about 10 μm is particularly preferred. Correspondingly, higher layer thicknesses may also be preferred for tall structures. In general, it is advantageous to choose a higher layer thickness so that destructive interference phenomena can be more reliably excluded and any large-area unevenness in the body of the eyeglass lens can be better compensated. Therefore, the preferred layer thickness is in the range of about 30 μm to about 300 μm. Thicker covering layers are not essential for the operation of the invention, but may have other advantages or disadvantages depending on the material and requirements (for example, regarding the stability or overall thickness of the eyeglass lens). Furthermore, the actual layer thickness may depend on the materials and manufacturing techniques used, as different materials and manufacturing techniques may have limitations or preferences with respect to maximum and minimum thicknesses.

[0085] Preferably, the bump structure (microstructure) at the interface between the spectacle lens body and the protective layer can be produced as described below. The surface of the spectacle lens body opposite to this surface can be given the desired shape during manufacturing (e.g., by casting) using a suitable casting mold, or subsequently manufactured using a known process (e.g., grinding and polishing, RGF process). The protective layer can also be used to protect the microstructure during processing of the opposite surface. In a preferred embodiment, the protective layer forms the front of the spectacle lens, while the spectacle lens body forms the back.

[0086] As with conventional eyeglass lenses, a base curve system can also be used. In a system based on the front surface, several elements with bumps / depressions of different sizes can be created for each individual unit of the base curve system with bumps / depressions (i.e., each local surface area). The size of the bumps / depressions of each element of the original system can be adjusted here based on the effective area of ​​the corresponding element or its geometrical properties. Alternatively, however, each element of the system can also be provided with bumps / depressions of the same size. The two free surfaces of the eyeglass lens body and the protective layer can be coated with known layers such as hard coatings, anti-reflective coatings and topcoats.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the spectacle lens body is constructed and the protective layer is applied. In this procedure, the spectacle lens body is constructed, i.e. provided with a microstructure, and then a protective layer is applied. Preferably, the spectacle lens body can be constructed directly. In the case of direct construction, the microstructure is preferably introduced into the preliminary product produced in the previous step. For example, this can be done by turning, milling, laser ablation, photolithography, embossing, etc. Alternatively, the construction of the spectacle lens body can also be carried out during the production of the spectacle lens body. Here, the microstructure is introduced when the spectacle lens body or the preliminary product is produced. In the case of the spectacle lens body made of organic material, this is usually done during solidification using a mold constructed in a suitable manner and a casting method. Although already polymerized liquid materials can also be used in the case of thermoplastics, in the case of thermosetting plastics, this is usually only done during polymerization.

[0088] The subsequent application of the protective layer can be carried out in particular by spinning and / or dip coating. Dip coating and spin coating can be used to apply layers that are typically up to 10 μm thick (dip coating) or 40 μm thick (spin coating). This is sufficient for many embodiments (in particular in combination with a reduced height of the structure). In particular, higher thicknesses can be achieved by selecting materials with a higher viscosity (in particular acrylates, such as Transhade from Tokuyama) and by omitting the use of solvents for dilution and by appropriately selecting the process parameters and methods (e.g. rotation speed, temperature, duration, multiple coatings).

[0089] Alternatively, the protective layer can also be applied by integral casting. For embodiments with a higher added effect or a lower refractive index difference between the materials and without height reduction measures, the layer thickness or surface quality that can be achieved by spinning and / or dip coating may not be sufficient. Using the integral casting technology, significantly higher surface layer thicknesses can be achieved. In addition, the use of a casting mold can improve the surface quality and ensure that the surface is actually (locally) flat. Depending on the material, depending on the configuration, this can no longer be reliably ensured using conventional coating methods that use higher bumps or larger depressions.

[0090] The spectacle lenses according to the invention can be manufactured particularly advantageously using a transfer layer method. A particularly preferred method is described in detail, for example, in DE 10 2012023 025 A1. This method is particularly advantageous in combination with the spectacle lenses described here, since the thickness of the protective layer is usually less than the thickness of the spectacle lens body, which can significantly reduce the service life of the expensive casting molds constructed and the casting shrinkage of the material to be constructed. Furthermore, the transfer layer method is similar to the integral casting method in that, compared with spinning and / or dip coating, a cover layer with greater thickness and better surface quality can be produced.

[0091] It is particularly easy to incorporate microstructures into casting molds (for eyeglass lens bodies or transfer layers) made of metal, especially nickel-plated steel (for example, by turning, milling, laser ablation and photolithography). Casting can be carried out using such casting molds. However, they also have disadvantages in terms of cleaning after casting and in terms of the mechanical and chemical stability of the molded structures. Casting molds made of special crown glass (for example, the hardened crown glass type CH-W 0991 (S-3) based on Schott material from Barberini GmbH) have proven to be particularly suitable in terms of cleaning and stability. For example, these can be constructed by turning, milling, laser ablation and photolithography. However, due to the brittleness of the material, this can be difficult and requires complex processes. In general, more cost-effective and / or better quality casting molds made of crown glass can be produced by embossing the structure. For example, stamps constructed of metal can be used for this purpose. The glass material can be heated so that it becomes viscous for embossing.

[0092] Specific examples of preferred materials for the spectacle lens body and the protective layer are given below. The following materials are particularly suitable for the spectacle lens body, ie the main component of the spectacle lens, which is obtained in particular from a spectacle lens blank:

[0093] -Perfalit 1.5

[0094] --Chemical name: Polyethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate

[0095] -- The substrate is CR 39 (Columbia Resin 39) from PPG.

[0096] --Refractive index 1.5; Abbe number 58

[0097] --Thermosetting

[0098] -PCM 1.54 (color photo)

[0099] --Chemical name: Copolymer containing polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, etc.

[0100] --Refractive index 1.54; Abbe number 43

[0101] --Thermosetting

[0102] -Polycarbonate

[0103] --Refractive index 1.59; Abbe number 29

[0104] --Absolutely unbreakable! (Sports and children's field)

[0105] --Poor solvent resistance (alcohol, acetone)

[0106] --Thermoplastic

[0107] -Perfalit 1.6

[0108] --Chemical name: Polythiamine

[0109] --Refractive index 1.60; Abbe number 41

[0110] --Thermosetting

[0111] -Perfalit 1.67

[0112] --Chemical name: Polythiamine

[0113] --Refractive index 1.67; Abbe number 32

[0114] --Thermosetting

[0115] -Perfalit / Cosmolit 1.74

[0116] --Chemical name: Polypropyl sulfide

[0117] --Calculated exponent 1.74; Abbe number approximately 32

[0118] --Thermosetting

[0119] -PMMA

[0120] -Inorganic glass

[0121] In particular, in combination with one or more of the preferred materials mentioned above for the spectacle lens body, one or more of the following materials are preferably used for the protective layer:

[0122] -TS56T from Tokuyama:

[0123] Such a coating with a refractive index of 1.49 is used for conventional eyeglass lenses, preferably for Perfalit 1.5. The dipping process preferably results in a thickness of around 2.2 μm.

[0124] -IM-9200 from SDC Technologies:

[0125] The optical power of this coating is between 1.585 and 1.605 and for conventional eyeglass lenses is preferably applied to Perfalit 1.6 and 1.67 after surface activation. Preferably, a thickness of around 2.8 μm is achieved by the dipping process. Variations range from 1.5 μm to 3.2 μm.

[0126] -Transhade from Tokuyama:

[0127] This is preferably a photochromic coating system. Preferably, a primer (Transhade-SC-P) is applied to the eyeglass lens body (Perfalit 1.6 or 1.67) as an adhesion promoter, followed by a photochromic photoresist (Transhade-SC-L4 brown or gray) with a refractive index in the range of 1.50 to 1.55, and preferably the photochromic photoresist is covered with a hard coat. Spin coating is preferably used to achieve a thickness between 30 μm and 50 μm. A typical thickness is around 39 μm. In addition, an integral casting process can also be used to achieve a thickness of more than 200 μm. This coating also does not contain photochromic dyes and can be cured by both thermal curing and UV.

[0128] -Hi Guard 1080 from PPG and products from Tokuyama

[0129] These coatings can be used as an alternative to TS56T (3) from Tokuyama for coating over Perfalit 1.5.

[0130] It is particularly preferred to place the protective layer with the lowest possible refractive index (low refractive index n S ) is applied to the highest possible refractive index lenses (especially the high refractive index n of the spectacle lens body including microstructures) K ). Thus, a refractive index jump as high as possible is achieved. For example, a preferred combination is n S =1.5 to n K =1.6 or to n K =1.67 or to n K =1.74, etc., or n S =1.6 to n K =1.67 or to n K =1.74, etc., or n S =1.67 to n K =1.74, etc. A combination with a greater refractive index difference, especially at least 0.2 or higher, is particularly preferred. However, in general, the refractive index of the protective layer can also be higher than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body. In this way, for the same effect, the geometry of the microstructure (e.g., microlens) will be opposite.

[0131] Therefore, the material of the casting mold is particularly preferred:

[0132] - Crown glass (e.g. tempered crown glass type CH-W0991 (S-3) based on Schott material from Barberini GmbH)

[0133] - Quartz glass ("fused silica")

[0134] -Metals (e.g. steel, nickel, nickel alloys)

[0135] -Plastics (e.g. polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA))

[0136] Therefore, as material for the carrier substrate, the materials mentioned for the spectacle lens body and / or the materials mentioned for the casting mold are particularly preferred.

[0137] The preferred material combination is as follows: a body made of Perfalit 1.6 in combination with a cover layer or transfer layer made of Transshade, a casting mold made of crown glass CH-W0991 and, if a transfer layer process is used, Perfalit 1.5 as a carrier substrate. In principle, a wide variety of materials can be used, such as plastic, glass or metal, both individually and in combination. Individual materials can be layered and / or structured on the surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0138] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by means of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings show:

[0139] Figures 1A to 1C is a schematic plan view of an exemplary eyeglass lens;

[0140] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C is a schematic representation of an exemplary effect distribution;

[0141] Figure 3A and Figure 3B is a schematic representation of another exemplary effect distribution;

[0142] Figure 4A and Figure 4B is a schematic plan view of an exemplary spectacle lens having a near vision zone;

[0143] Figure 5A and Figure 5B is a schematic representation of different arrangements of microlenses;

[0144] Fig. 6A and Figure 6B is a schematic representation of a cross section of an eyeglass lens with protected microlenses in the effect zone between the central main perspective zone and the peripheral zone according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0145] Figure 1A A plan view of an exemplary spectacle lens 10 is shown. In this example, the spectacle lens is initially shown as a tubular spectacle lens (edge ​​front). Such a tubular lens can be adapted to a corresponding spectacle frame by edge grinding, for example along edge 38.

[0146] like Figure 1A As shown, the spectacle lens 10 comprises a central main perspective area 30 with a substantially constant optical power. By centering the spectacle lens in a suitable manner so that when the spectacle wearer (user) looks at the main viewing direction, the central main perspective area 30 is located in front of the corresponding eye of the spectacle wearer. The refractive effect and all refractive errors of the user's eye to be corrected are corrected as well as possible by the central main perspective area 30. This ensures that the user wearing such a spectacle lens has clear foveal vision in the main gaze direction.

[0147] In addition, the spectacle lens comprises an effect zone 32 around the central main perspective zone 30, wherein the effect zone 32 at least partially has microstructures, for example in the form of microlenses (lenses). These microstructures cause in the effect zone 32 an at least partially higher optical power (positive refractive addition effect) and / or at least partial contrast reduction than in the central main perspective zone 30. In particular, with the positive refractive addition effect in the effect zone 32, the intermediate peripheral visual zone is imaged slightly in front of the retina of the corresponding eye of the spectacle wearer with a clear view (foveal view) in the central zone. This inhibits the length growth of the eye, thereby reducing the progression of the myopic properties of the eye and thus improving the wearing comfort of the spectacle lens in the long term.

[0148] Finally, the spectacle lens in this variant comprises a peripheral zone 34 with a substantially constant optical power outside the effect zone 32. Particularly preferably, the substantially constant optical power in the peripheral zone 34 substantially corresponds to the substantially constant optical power in the central main perspective zone 30. As a result, assuming that the eye length is substantially approximately isotropic, the peripheral visual zone at a distance is at least once again imaged approximately sharply on the retina of the corresponding eye. On the one hand, this produces a pleasant visual sensation and a considerably wider field of vision, and also increases safety when wearing the spectacle lens, since the wearer can detect peripheral movements and thus possible obstacles and dangers earlier and more reliably. Overall, this in turn contributes to increased wearing comfort in the long term.

[0149] Figure 1B A schematic plan view of another exemplary spectacle lens 10 is shown. Figure 1AIn contrast to the example in , the effect zone 32 here is not continuously covered by the positive refractive effect. Instead, the effect zone 32 comprises an inner effect zone 32a and an outer effect zone 32b, which are separated from each other in the radial direction by an annular intermediate zone 32c. Preferably, the positive refractive effect in the intermediate zone 32c is smaller than the positive refractive effect in the inner effective zone 32a and the outer effective zone 32b. Therefore, on a line from the central zone towards the periphery, the positive refractive effect in the intermediate zone 32c preferably passes through a local minimum. Particularly preferably, the intermediate zone 32c is at least partially or mostly substantially free of refractive effect. The annular width of the (substantially non-optical) intermediate zone 32c is preferably in the range of about 5 mm to about 10 mm.

[0150] exist Figure 1B In the embodiment shown, the effect zone 32 comprises two annular effect zones 32a and 32b, which are separated from each other by an annular intermediate zone 32c. However, in other embodiments, there may also be more (for example three) effect zones, each of which is separated from each other by intermediate zones (for example two), wherein the intermediate zones are in each case not affected by a positive refractive addition effect or a reduction in contrast, or have a correspondingly lower optical power than the annular effect zones that separate them.

[0151] exist Figure 1A and Figure 1B In the schematic exemplary embodiment of the embodiment of the invention, the central main perspective zone 30 and (if applicable) the intermediate zone 32c as well as the effect zone 32 (or the inner effect zone 32a and the outer effect zone 32b) are shown in a circular shape. For example, the effect zone has substantially the same radial cross-sectional length along all radial cross-sections, i.e. the length between the respective inner edge and the outer edge of the effect zone 32 is the same. Preferably, the effect zone 32 has substantially the same refractive effect and / or contrast reduction course in all radial cross-sections between the respective inner edge and the respective outer edge. In other words, in this variant, the refractive effect and / or contrast reduction changes / does not change significantly along the annular course of the effect zone 32.

[0152] However, this is not necessarily the case. The regions may also have other shapes (eg oval). The regions also do not necessarily have to be concentric with each other, even though this is particularly advantageous for certain general applications. Figure 1C Examples of alternative shapes for the central main perspective region 30 and the effect region 32 are shown in the form of (in this case, concentric) hexagons.

[0153] according to FIG. 2A to FIG. 2CIn the preferred embodiment shown, the optical power caused by the microstructure has a temporal maximum value at point C along the horizontal meridian H of the spectacle lens passing through the center of the central main perspective area, and the point C is located in the region where the meridian intersects with the effect zone on the temporal side of the central main perspective area. In addition, the optical power caused by the microstructure has a nasal maximum value at point D along the horizontal meridian H, and the point D is located in the region where the meridian intersects with the effect zone on the nasal side of the central main perspective area. Figure 2C The course of the positive refractive add effect along the horizontal meridian H is schematically shown. The nasal maximum is greater than the temporal maximum, preferably by about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt. It has been found that such asymmetry in the horizontal course of the positive refractive add effect is particularly effective and generally improves long-term wearing comfort. This can be explained by the fact that the length of the eye from the retina is generally slightly smaller in the region temporal to the foveal region than at the same distance nasal to the foveal region.

[0154] Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment shown, the power caused by the microstructure has a lower maximum value at point A along the vertical meridian V of the spectacle lens passing through the center of the central main perspective zone, and the point A is located in the region where the meridian intersects the effect zone below the central main perspective zone. Furthermore, the power caused by the microstructure has an upper maximum value at point B along the vertical meridian V, and the point B is located in the region where the meridian intersects the effect zone above the central main perspective zone. Figure 2B The course of the positive refractive add effect along the vertical meridian H is schematically shown. The upper maximum value is greater than the lower maximum value, preferably by about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt. It has been found that such an asymmetry in the vertical extension of the positive refractive add effect is particularly effective and generally improves long-term wearing comfort. This can be explained by the fact that the length of the eye from the retina is generally slightly smaller in the area below the foveal area than at the same distance above the foveal area.

[0155] However, it is particularly preferred that the values ​​of the nasal maximum and / or the temporal maximum and / or the upper maximum and / or the lower maximum can also be selected individually. It is particularly preferred to adapt a more precise change of the positive dioptric addition effect of the effect area (in particular along the horizontal meridian and / or the vertical meridian) individually.

[0156] even though FIG. 2A to FIG. 2CSchematically showing a peripheral zone 34 with a substantially constant optical power, the aspect of taking the individual peripheral eye length into account is also not limited to spectacle lenses with such a peripheral zone. Instead, the effect zone can also extend to the peripheral edge of the spectacle lens, without the need for a peripheral zone with a substantially constant optical power similar to the central main perspective zone being present outside. Instead, in this respect, the spectacle lens preferably produces a focal position in the entire area outside the central main perspective zone, which focal position is at substantially the same distance in front of the retina of the corresponding eye.

[0157] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Another preferred embodiment of a slightly more complex distribution of the positive dioptric add effect is illustrated. Figure 3A shows a plan view of a spectacle lens, and Figure 3B The variation of the positive dioptric add effect along the vertical meridian V is shown. Here, the optical power caused by the microstructures varies along at least one meridian of the spectacle lens 10 passing through the center 36 of the central main perspective zone 30 (in this case, at least the vertical meridian V) by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 25%, and more preferably at least about 50% of the maximum absolute value of the optical power caused by the microstructures.

[0158] This variation can be adapted individually by taking a number of individual measurements of the peripheral eye length and / or the peripheral refraction of the eye (in particular along the corresponding meridians). For this purpose, a device that can measure or derive central and peripheral biometric data (e.g. an optical biometer or Rodenstock's Scanner 2) to measure the eye. In particular, the central and peripheral length of the eye and / or the refraction of the eye can be determined as biometric data in an objective and / or subjective, central and / or peripheral manner. The peripheral data can be measured from the nasal side and / or the temporal side and / or the upper side (light incident from above) and / or the lower side (light incident from below). The eccentricity of the peripheral measurement can in particular be in the range of 5° to 40°, preferably in the range of about 10° to about 20°. The measurement can also be performed at multiple eccentricities in order to obtain individual changes.

[0159] exist Figure 3A and Figure 3BIn the embodiment shown, the peripheral eye length is preferably taken into account in a separate manner for at least three eccentricities E1, E2 and E3. These data are used to locally adjust the optical power of the microstructure depending on the local eye length and / or refraction. The eccentricity in eye coordinates as the light incidence angle θ relative to the central foveal beam can preferably be expressed as the corresponding radial distance x of the peripheral transmission point from the central transmission point through the spectacle lens in lens coordinates via x=(CVD+d)*tan(θ), where "CVD" denotes the corneal vertex distance and "d" denotes the distance from the cornea to the entrance pupil. For example, d=3 mm may be a good general approximation. Exemplary values ​​of x (in mm) with different CVDs and different light incidence angles θ are as follows:

[0160] CVD 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 10mm 1.14 2.29 3.48 4.73 6.06 7.51 9.10 12mm 1.31 2.64 4.02 5.46 6.99 8.66 10.50 15mm 1.57 3.17 4.82 6.55 8.39 10.39 12.60

[0161] In such Figure 4A In the preferred embodiment shown, the effect zone 32 comprises a near vision segment 32-2 located within the segment of the spectacle lens and comprises a segment of the effect zone 32 which is delimited on the temporal side by a vertical meridian m1 downward from the center of the central main perspective zone 30 and, in this case, on the nasal side, by a meridian m2 rotated about 30° on the nasal side from the central main perspective zone downward relative to the vertical. In this case, the optical properties of the segment of the effect zone consisting of the near vision segment 32-2 differ at least partially from the optical properties of the rest of the effect zone 32-1, in particular in terms of their positive refractive additivity and / or contrast reduction. Both the near vision segment 32-2 and the remaining effect zone 32-1 may have microlenses (lenses), the values ​​of their positive refractive additive effect when viewed separately may even be comparable. Preferably, however, they differ in their properties at least in the axial orientation. For example, while the microlenses in the remaining effect zone 32-1 do not define a common focus, the microlenses in the near vision segment may be arranged and formed so that they form a common focus at least partially on the eye side.

[0162] Although Figure 4A The embodiment of schematically depicts a peripheral zone 34 with a substantially constant effect (ie in particular substantially no positive refractive add effect), but it is not necessary to provide such a peripheral segment, in particular for this aspect, ie when a near vision segment is used. Figure 4B A simulated variant without a peripheral segment is schematically shown.

[0163] Figure 5A and Figure 5B Schematically compared Figure 5A The near-sighted segment 32-2 and Figure 5B The difference between the galaxies of such microlenses in the remaining effect region 32-1 is shown in FIG. Figure 5AAll microlenses form a common focus in front of the retina in the coaxial orientation, but in Figure 5B In the non-coaxial orientation, the optical axes of the microlenses intersect on the retina, and they each form a focus in front of the retina.

[0164] Fig. 6A and Figure 6B Examples of eyeglass lenses 10 with different protected microstructures in the form of microlenses 18 are shown. Fig. 6A and Figure 6B In the embodiment shown, the microlenses 18 are provided or shown by way of example only in the effect zone 32. With regard to their effect and (optional) distribution on the spectacle lens, in particular on the central main perspective zone 30, the effect zone 32 and the peripheral zone, reference is preferably made to the other explanations in the present description.

[0165] Preferably, the spectacle lens body 12 has a front surface 14 and a rear surface 16 (ocular side surface). In the exemplary embodiment shown, the microlenses 18 are formed on the front surface 14, respectively. In addition, in the preferred embodiment shown, the spectacle lens 10 has a protective layer 20 on the front surface 14 of the spectacle lens body 12, which protective layer in particular completely covers the microlenses 18. The refractive index of the protective layer is different from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body, preferably at least about 0.05. The refractive index of the protective layer 20 is particularly preferably lower than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body 12. Such a system of microlenses with a positive refractive addition effect is as follows Fig. 6A Here, the microlenses form a ridge on the front surface of the spectacle lens body 12. The additional optical power of the microlenses is caused in particular by their (more) curved surfaces and the refractive index transition between the spectacle lens body and the protective layer. On the other hand, Figure 6B An embodiment is shown in which the positive refractive force of the microlenses 18 for which the refractive index of the protective layer 20 is greater than the refractive index of the spectacle lens body 12 forms the microlenses as indentations in the spectacle lens body 12 .

[0166] The illustration of the microlens 18 should be regarded as a purely schematic diagram. In particular, the respective microlens 18 is not drawn to scale. Typically, the microlens 18 is much smaller than the spectacle lens body 12. Preferred typical dimensions of the microlens 18 are preferably around 0.5 μm to 50 μm in the axial direction (i.e. the thickness direction of the spectacle lens) and about 0.3 mm to 3 mm in the lateral direction. The radius of curvature of the surface of the protected microlens is typically in the range of about 5 mm to 50 mm. In particular, the radius of curvature of the protected microlens is typically smaller than the radius of curvature of the corresponding unprotected microlens. Like the microlens 18, the protective layer 20 is Fig. 6A and Figure 6B1 and 12. Preferably, the protective layer 20 is much thinner than the eyeglass lens body 12. Thus, the protective layer 20 is preferably no thinner than about 1 mm, more preferably no thicker than about 0.5 mm, and even more preferably no thicker than about 0.2 mm. In some preferred embodiments, the protective layer is no thicker than about 0.1 mm and no thicker than about 50 μm. However, the protective layer is preferably at least thick enough to cover the microlenses 18 on the front surface 14 (the first surface of the eyeglass lens body), thereby protecting them from damage and contamination.

Claims

1. A spectacle lens (10), comprising: - a central main perspective zone (30) having a substantially constant optical power; as well as - an effect zone (32) around the central main perspective zone (30), wherein the effect zone (32) at least partially has a microstructure which causes in the effect zone (32): - an optical power at least partially higher than the optical power in the central main perspective area (30); and / or --At least some of the contrast is reduced.

2. The eyeglass lens (10) according to claim 1, further comprising: - a peripheral zone (34) outside the effect zone (32), the peripheral zone having a substantially constant optical power.

3. The eyeglass lens (10) according to claim 2, wherein the substantially constant optical focal length in the peripheral zone (34) substantially corresponds to the substantially constant optical focal length in the central main perspective zone (30).

4. A spectacle lens (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the peripheral zone (34) is located outside a circular surface with a radius of at least about 20 mm, preferably at least about 25 mm, more preferably at least about 30 mm, even more preferably at least about 35 mm, most preferably at least about 40 mm; and / or wherein the effect zone (32) is located within a circular surface with a radius of at most about 45 mm, preferably at most about 40 mm, particularly preferably at most about 35 mm, even more preferably at most about 30 mm, most preferably at most about 25 mm.

5. Spectacle lens (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the microstructure comprises a plurality of microlenses.

6. An eyeglass lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical focal length in the effect zone (32) caused by the microstructure is at least about 1 dpt higher than the optical focal length in the central main perspective zone (30), preferably at least about 2 dpt, and more preferably at least about 3 dpt; and / or wherein the optical focal length in the effect zone (32) caused by the microstructure is at most about 10 dpt higher than the optical focal length in the central main perspective zone (30), preferably at most about 5 dpt, and more preferably at most about 4 dpt.

7. An eyeglass lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical focal length caused by the microstructures varies along at least one meridian of the eyeglass lens (10) passing through the center (36) of the central main perspective zone (30) by at least about 10%, preferably at least about 25%, and more preferably at least about 50% of the maximum absolute value of the optical focal length caused by the microstructures.

8. An eyeglass lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical focal length caused by the microstructure has a temporal maximum along a horizontal meridian of the eyeglass lens (10) passing through the center (36) of the central main perspective zone (30) in an area where the meridian intersects the effect zone on the temporal side of the central main perspective zone and has a nasal maximum in an area where the meridian intersects the effect zone on the nasal side of the central main perspective zone, so that the nasal maximum is larger than the temporal maximum, preferably larger by about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt.

9. An eyeglass lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical focal length caused by the microstructure has a lower maximum value along a vertical meridian of the eyeglass lens (10) passing through the center (36) of the central main perspective zone (30) in an area where the meridian intersects the effect zone below the central main perspective zone and has an upper maximum value in an area where the meridian intersects the effect zone above the central main perspective zone, so that the upper maximum value is greater than the lower maximum value, preferably greater by about 0.5 dpt to about 1 dpt.

10. The spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the effect zone (32) comprises: - at least one inner effect zone (32a), preferably directly adjacent to the central main perspective zone (30), having a microstructure causing an optical power at least partially higher than the optical power in the central main perspective zone (30) and / or said contrast reduction; - at least one outer effect zone (32b) having microstructures causing an optical power at least partially higher than said optical power in said central main perspective zone (30) and / or said contrast reduction; as well as - at least one intermediate zone (32c) between the inner effect zone (32a) and the outer effect zone (32b) having no microstructures, or having microstructures that cause a lower optical power or a lower contrast reduction compared to the microstructures in the inner effect zone (32a) and the outer effect zone (32b).

11. A spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the central main perspective zone (30) comprises a circular surface with a radius of at least about 3 mm, preferably at least about 5 mm, more preferably at least about 8 mm; and / or wherein the central main perspective zone (30) is located within a circular surface with a radius of at most about 25 mm, preferably at most about 20 mm, even more preferably at most about 15 mm, most preferably at most about 10 mm.

12. A spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the central main perspective zone (30) is oval, in particular substantially elliptical, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter is in the range of about 1.2 to about 2.5, preferably in the range of about 1.25 to about 2.

13. The spectacle lens (10) according to claim 12, wherein the axis of the largest diameter is offset by an angle in the range of about 5° to about 20° relative to the vertical direction of the spectacle lens.

14. A spectacle lens (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the contrast reduction caused by the microstructures in the effect zone (32) causes a perception in the range of at least about 0.5, preferably in the range of at least about 0.7, and wherein the perception due to the contrast reduction is preferably not greater than about 0.9, and more preferably not greater than about 0.

8.

15. The spectacle lens (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the effect zone (32) comprises a near vision segment (32-2) which is located within a segment of the spectacle lens (10) and comprises / occupies a segment of the effect zone (10), The optical properties of the section of the effect zone (32) included by the near-viewing section (32-2) are at least partially different from the optical properties of the remaining part (32-1) of the effect zone.

16. The spectacle lens (10) according to claim 15, wherein the section of the effect zone (32) which is comprised by the near vision segment (32-2) has substantially no contrast reduction.

17. The spectacle lens (10) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the section of the effect zone (32) encompassed by the near vision segment (32-2) is substantially free of microstructures.

18. The spectacle lens (10) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the section of the effect zone (32) encompassed by the near vision segment (32-2) comprises a plurality of microlenses, which essentially have a common, eye-side focal point.

19. The spectacle lens (10) according to claim 18, wherein the microstructure in the remaining part (32-1) of the effect zone comprises a plurality of microlenses, the plurality of microlenses not having a common focus.

20. The eyeglass lens (10) according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the near vision segment is located in an area which is bounded on the temporal side by a vertical meridian (m1) extending downward from the center of the central main perspective zone and on the nasal side by a meridian (m2) extending downward from the center of the central main perspective zone and rotated 45°, preferably 30°, and even more preferably 20° relative to the vertical direction.

21. Spectacle lens (10), in particular according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: - an eyeglass lens body (12) having a microstructure (18) having a positive refractive add effect on at least one first surface (14) of the eyeglass lens body (12); and - a protective layer (20) arranged on the spectacle lens body (12), the protective layer at least partially covering the microstructure (18), wherein the protective layer (20) has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body (12).

22. The eyeglass lens (10) according to claim 21, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the protective layer (20) and the refractive index of the eyeglass lens body (12) is at least about 0.05, preferably at least about 0.1, more preferably at least about 0.15, and most preferably at least about 0.

2.

23. The eyeglass lens (10) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the protective layer (20) has a thickness of at least about 5 μm, preferably at least about 10 μm, also preferably at least about 20 μm, particularly preferably at least about 100 μm, most preferably at least about 200 μm; and / or wherein the protective layer (20) has a thickness of at most about 1 mm, preferably at most about 0.5 mm, particularly preferably at most about 0.3 mm.

24. A method for individual calculation or production of a spectacle lens for a user's eye according to any one of claims 1 to 23, the method comprising: - providing user data, said user data specifying at least one central eye length and at least one peripheral eye length of said eye; - determining the value of the target additional effect based on the value of the basic additional effect and the difference between the central eye length and the at least one peripheral eye length; and The spectacle lens is calculated or manufactured such that the microstructure in the effect zone (32) at least partially causes a higher optical power of the target additional effect than the optical power in the central main perspective zone (30).

25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the user data specifies a plurality of peripheral eye lengths for at least partially horizontally and / or vertically different light incidence directions, and the method comprises: - determining, for each of the light incidence directions, a respective value of the target additional effect as a function of the value of the basic additional effect and the respective difference between the central eye length and the peripheral eye length; - determining a light transmission point through the spectacle lens for each of the light incidence directions; as well as The spectacle lens is calculated or manufactured so that the microstructure in the light-transmitting point induces a higher optical power of the corresponding target additional effect than the optical power in the central main perspective zone (30).

26. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, the method comprising: - providing a microstructure (18) in the form of microlenses with a refractive add effect on at least one first surface (14) of the spectacle lens body (12); - applying at least one protective layer (20) onto the spectacle lens body (12) such that the protective layer at least partially covers the microstructures (18), wherein the protective layer (20) has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the spectacle lens body (12).

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