A cotton foreign fiber separating device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling

Abstract

The application provides a cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling, comprising a cotton inlet arranged at the top end of the separation device, and a channel arranged in the separation device and connected with the cotton inlet; one or more foreign fiber adsorption rollers are arranged in the middle of the channel, baffle plates are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers, the baffle plates divide the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel, a corona electrode for applying static electricity is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the cotton channel, the roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is provided with a plurality of air holes, the inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is connected with a negative pressure air suction pipeline, and an air supplement opening is arranged on the wall plate of the separation device. The application has the beneficial effect that: the distance between the foreign fiber and the roller is shortened by forming a negative pressure on the roller surface, and the foreign fiber is fully adsorbed by applying static electricity to the foreign fiber through the corona electrode, so that the clever coupling adsorption effect of the electrostatic force and the negative pressure is realized, and the separation efficiency between the foreign fiber and the cotton is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a cotton foreign fiber separation device using negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling. Background Technology

[0002] In Xinjiang, cotton cultivation utilizes mulching and drip irrigation technology. During mechanized harvesting, the negative pressure conveying pipeline of the cotton harvester head easily mixes residual film and other foreign fibers into the cotton during harvesting. The content of foreign fibers is a key factor affecting cotton purchase prices and the quality of cotton textiles. Electrostatic foreign fiber separation devices, designed using electrostatic adsorption technology, have been applied in cotton processing due to their reliability, simple structure, low cost, and high production efficiency. This device separates cotton and foreign fibers by adsorbing the foreign fibers onto a rotating roller using an electrostatic field, based on the difference in charge characteristics between cotton and foreign fibers. However, current electrostatic foreign fiber separation devices have several drawbacks: insufficient contact between cotton and foreign fibers and the grounded rotating roller in the electrostatic field; rapid material falling speed and short charging time, resulting in insufficient charging; and weak adsorption of foreign fibers on the roller, making them easily knocked off by the cotton, leading to a low separation rate in existing electrostatic foreign fiber separation devices.

[0003] Chinese patent CN115418727B invented a device for cleaning foreign fibers from machine-harvested cotton seeds. This device uses mechanical, airflow, and electrostatic methods sequentially to separate seed cotton from foreign fibers. However, after the cotton enters the electrostatic cleaning section, it falls freely and does not make sufficient contact with the grounded roller, resulting in a lower separation rate of foreign fibers. Chinese patent CN110747515A invented a multi-channel electrostatic separation device for seed cotton foreign fibers. This device is equipped with multi-stage separation rollers and uses a feeding roller and channel baffles to separate cotton and foreign fibers through multiple channels, improving the sorting efficiency. However, the device lacks an opening mechanism, and the undispersed state of the cotton is not conducive to the separation of cotton from foreign fibers. Chinese patent CN113882040B invented a foreign fiber removal device based on electrostatic adsorption uniform distribution of seed cotton. The device is equipped with an opening and throwing section, a cotton distribution section and an electrostatic separation section to disperse and uniformly distribute cotton and foreign fibers, thereby improving the separation effect of cotton and foreign fibers. However, the foreign fibers are only adsorbed on the rotating roller by electrostatic field force, which is not firm and has the problem of easily falling with inertia and being knocked off by the seed cotton. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention solves the problems in existing electrostatic foreign fiber separation devices, such as the rapid falling speed of foreign fibers, insufficient charge of foreign fibers, weak electrostatic adsorption, and the tendency of foreign fibers to fall due to inertia and be knocked off by cotton.

[0005] This invention provides a cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling, including a cotton inlet at the top of the separation device and a channel inside the separation device communicating with the cotton inlet;

[0006] One or more foreign fiber adsorption rollers are provided in the middle of the channel. Baffles are provided on the upper and lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers. The baffles divide the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel. The cotton channel is connected to the cotton inlet and a cotton collection box is provided at the bottom. A foreign fiber collection part is provided at the bottom of the foreign fiber channel.

[0007] The sidewall of the cotton channel is fixedly equipped with a corona electrode for applying static electricity. The corona electrode is positioned corresponding to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller. The roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is provided with multiple air vents. The inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is connected to a negative pressure suction pipe. The negative pressure fan is turned on to form negative pressure on the roller surface. An air supply port is opened on the wall panel of the separation device.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the wall plates at both ends of the foreign fiber adsorption roller have roller holes, and support wheels are provided on the upper and lower sides of the roller holes to support the rotation of the foreign fiber adsorption roller. The separation device is equipped with a first motor to drive the foreign fiber adsorption roller, and the support wheels are grounded.

[0009] The heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller is equipped with a C-shaped wind baffle to block the air vent on one side of the heterogeneous fiber channel. The wind baffle is fixedly connected to the wall panels at both ends of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller by a fixing plate.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, a positive pressure air knife is provided in the foreign fiber channel, and the position of the positive pressure air knife corresponds to that of the foreign fiber adsorption roller, blowing off the foreign fibers on the surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, a cleaning assembly is provided in the channel below the cotton inlet. The cleaning assembly includes multiple spiked rollers and grids arranged side by side to squeeze the cotton and knock off fine impurities in the cotton. The cleaning assembly also includes a hopper set below the grids to collect fine impurities. The separation device is equipped with a second motor to drive the spiked rollers to rotate in the same direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the separation device has two parallel channels inside and a cotton leveling component is set between the cotton inlet and the cleaning component. The cotton leveling component includes two sets of cotton leveling rollers and a separator plate. The separator plate is set in the middle and below the two sets of cotton leveling rollers. The cotton leveling rollers are composed of two rollers that rotate in opposite directions driven by a motor, which drive the cotton in the middle to move downward to the cleaning component.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the impurity outlet is provided on the side of the impurity hopper, and a conveying device is provided at the bottom of the impurity hopper to transport the impurities out of the impurity outlet. The conveying device is a conveyor belt or an auger.

[0014] Furthermore, the corona electrode is provided with an electrode wall plate fixedly connected to the side wall of the channel, and the distance between the corona electrode and the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller is 5 to 50 cm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the number of foreign fiber adsorption rollers is 1 to 6, the number of positive pressure air knives is the same as that of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers, and a middle baffle is provided on the outer side of the positive pressure air knife to block the foreign fibers falling from above.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, a flow plate is provided between the cleaning component and the foreign fiber adsorption roller, with the upper end of the flow plate corresponding to the outlet of the cleaning component and the lower end of the flow plate corresponding to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller.

[0017] The upper end of the flow plate is hinged to the wall panel via a pin, and the lower end of the flow plate has an arc-shaped groove corresponding to the position of the wall panel. The flow plate is equipped with a slider that slides within the groove. The angle between the flow plate and the horizontal plane is in the range of 30° to 70°.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the surface wind speed of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller is 0.5-5 m / s; the outlet wind speed of the positive pressure air knife is greater than 0.5 m / s; and the absolute value of the corona electrode tip voltage range is 10-100 kV.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. This invention creates an attractive field by forming a negative pressure on the roller surface, causing foreign fibers in the cotton to be tightly adsorbed by the negative pressure airflow on the roller surface, shortening the distance between the foreign fibers and the roller. By applying electrostatic charge to the foreign fibers through a corona electrode, the foreign fibers are fully adsorbed to the roller, achieving a clever coupling adsorption effect between electrostatic force and negative pressure. This greatly enhances the stability and firmness of the adsorption, significantly improves the separation efficiency between foreign fibers and cotton, and ensures the accuracy and stability of the separation process, providing strong technical support for achieving high-quality cotton processing.

[0021] 2. By setting up a positive pressure air knife, the present invention utilizes airflow to precisely act on the foreign fibers attached to the adsorption roller, which significantly improves the separation efficiency of foreign fibers and realizes efficient and automated collection of foreign fibers, greatly improving the overall operating efficiency of the device and product quality.

[0022] 3. This invention provides a cleaning component below the cotton inlet to precisely knock down and remove fine impurities mixed in the cotton, preventing these impurities from entering subsequent processing steps with the cotton and ultimately being mixed into the finished product, thus affecting the quality of the finished product.

[0023] 4. This invention achieves a doubling of processing capacity by carefully designing two parallel processing channels inside the separation device, which simultaneously and independently process two cotton streams. Below the cotton inlet of these two channels, a cotton leveling component is configured to ensure that the cotton entering from the cotton inlet can be evenly and stably distributed into the two channels. The cotton leveling component effectively avoids the problem of excessive accumulation or uneven distribution of cotton in a single channel, thereby ensuring that both channels maintain optimal working condition when processing cotton. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein...

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the entire machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a side view of the entire machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the negative pressure electrostatic coupling separation section provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] The numbers in the attached diagram are:

[0031] 1-Cotton inlet; 3-Other fiber collection section; 4-Cotton collection box; 5-Chain; 6-Miscellaneous waste hopper; 7-First motor; 8-Electrode wall plate; 9-Supporting roller; 10-Second motor; 11-Fixing plate; 13-Wall plate; 14-Make-up air inlet; 15-Synchronous belt pulley; 16-Pulley; 18-Negative pressure suction pipe; 19-Separating plate; 20-Evening roller; 21-Prick roller; 22-Grid; 23-Flow plate; 24-Baffle; 25-Positive pressure air knife; 29-Intermediate baffle; 30-Other fiber adsorption roller; 30-2-Sprocket; 30-5-Ventilation hole; 32-Conveying device; 33-Corona electrode; 36-Wind baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To illustrate the features of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Example:

[0034] Please see Figures 1 to 5The present invention provides a cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling. First, a cotton inlet 1 is provided at the top of the separation device, and a channel is provided inside the separation device to connect the cotton inlet 1, forming a complete separation channel.

[0035] The core improvement of this embodiment is that two foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30 are set in the middle of the channel, and baffles 24 are set on the upper and lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30. The baffles 24 divide the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel. The cotton channel is connected to the cotton inlet 1 and a cotton collection box 4 is set at the bottom. The foreign fiber channel is set at the bottom of the foreign fiber collection part 3. A corona electrode 33 for applying static electricity is fixedly set on the side wall of the cotton channel. The position of the corona electrode 33 corresponds to that of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30. Multiple air vents 30-5 are evenly distributed on the roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30. The inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30 is connected to the negative pressure suction pipe 18. The negative pressure fan is turned on to form a negative pressure on the roller surface. An air supply port 14 is opened on the wall plate 13 of the separation device. Through the negative pressure on the surface of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30 and the electrostatic coupling effect applied by the corona electrode, the foreign fibers are drawn out and separated from the cotton.

[0036] The foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 is fixed by having roller holes in the wall plates 13 at both ends. Supporting wheels 9 are installed on both sides of the roller holes to support the rotation of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. The separation device is equipped with a first motor 7 to drive the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. The first motor 7 connects to two sprockets 30-2 via a chain 5 to drive the upper and lower foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30, ensuring that the linear speed and direction of the upper and lower foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30 are consistent. The end of the first motor 7 is connected to a frequency converter. The diameter of the lower foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 can be equal to or greater than the diameter of the upper foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. During the rotation of the negative pressure adsorption roller, the supporting wheels 9 move accordingly, serving to limit movement and reduce rotational friction. Furthermore, to avoid excessive static electricity affecting the operation of the device, in this embodiment, the supporting wheels 9 are grounded.

[0037] The heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller 30 is provided with a C-shaped wind baffle 36 inside, which blocks the ventilation holes 30-5 on one side of the heterogeneous fiber channel. The wind baffle 36 is fixedly connected to the wall plates 13 at both ends of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller 30 by a fixing plate 11. Specifically, the wind baffle 36 ensures that there is negative pressure in a certain area inside the roller. The two ends of the wind baffle 36 are connected to the fixing plate 11 by bolts and nuts. The fixing plate 11 is fixed to the left and right wall plates 13 by support columns.

[0038] A positive pressure air knife 25 is installed within the foreign fiber channel, corresponding to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. The positive pressure air knife 25 is bolted to the wall panel 13 and connected to an external blower via an air knife pipe. The positive pressure air knife is positioned opposite the foreign fiber collection section 3. To prevent foreign fibers blown off by the positive pressure air knife 25 on the back side of the upper foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 from being re-adsorbed by the lower foreign fiber adsorption roller 30, an intermediate baffle 29 is provided directly below the upper foreign fiber adsorption roller 30, with its lower end flush with the lower end of the lower foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. Foreign fibers adsorbed on the roller surface under negative pressure electrostatic coupling are blown off into the foreign fiber collection section 3 by the positive pressure of the positive pressure air knife 25.

[0039] A cleaning assembly is installed in the channel below the cotton inlet 1. The cleaning assembly includes multiple spiked rollers 21 and grid 22 arranged side by side in an inclined manner. They are driven to rotate in the same direction by synchronous pulleys 15 and belt pulleys 16 installed on the spiked rollers 21, which squeeze the cotton and knock off the fine impurities in the cotton. The cleaning assembly also includes a hopper 6 set below the grid 22 to collect the fine impurities. The separation device is equipped with a second motor 10 to drive the spiked rollers 21 to rotate in the same direction.

[0040] The separation device has two channels inside and a cotton leveling component is set between the cotton inlet 1 and the cleaning component. The cotton leveling component includes two sets of cotton leveling rollers 20 and a separator plate 19. The separator plate 19 is set in the middle and below the two sets of cotton leveling rollers 20. The cotton leveling rollers 20 are composed of two rollers that rotate in opposite directions driven by a motor, which drive the cotton in the middle to move downward to the cleaning component. The large amount of cotton is forcibly distributed into the two sets of cleaning components. Through the rotation, impact and friction of the spiked rollers 21 and the grid 22 in the two sets of cleaning components, the cotton is broken into a loose thin layer of cotton flow and moves to the cotton outlets on both sides. The two sets of cleaning components rotate in opposite directions.

[0041] The hopper 6 has an impurity outlet on its side, and a conveying device 32 is provided at the bottom of the hopper 6 to transport the impurities out of the impurity outlet. In this embodiment, the conveying device 32 is an auger, which receives the fine impurities that are knocked down by the spike roller 21 and the grid 22, and discharges them out of the shell by the auger.

[0042] In addition, in order to make the cotton flow more smoothly in the channel, a flow plate 23 is provided between the cleaning component and the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. The upper end of the flow plate 23 corresponds to the position of the outlet of the cleaning component, and the lower end of the flow plate 23 corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30.

[0043] In this embodiment, the upper end of the flow plate 23 is hinged to the wall panel 13 by a pin, and an arc-shaped groove is opened at the lower end of the flow plate 23 corresponding to the position of the wall panel. A slider is set in the flow plate 23 to slide in the groove. The rotation range of the angle between the flow plate 23 and the horizontal plane is between 30° and 70°.

[0044] Through adjustments by technicians, the separation rate of the negative pressure electrostatic coupling cotton foreign fiber separation device was 74.5% when the surface wind speed of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 was 1 m / s, an improvement of 10.5%; the separation rate was 80.5% when the negative pressure wind speed was 1.4 m / s, an improvement of 16.5%; and the separation rate was 76.5% when the negative pressure wind speed was 1.6 m / s, an improvement of 12.5%.

[0045] The above embodiments and accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes, modifications, additions, or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Other related technical structures not disclosed in detail in the present invention are existing technologies in the art.

Claims

1. A cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device using negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling, wherein a cotton inlet (1) is provided at the top of the separation device and a channel is provided inside the separation device to connect to the cotton inlet (1); Its features are, One or more heterogeneous fiber adsorption rollers (30) are provided in the middle of the channel. Baffles (24) are provided on the upper and lower sides of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption rollers (30). The baffles (24) divide the channel into a cotton channel and a heterogeneous fiber channel. The cotton channel is connected to the cotton inlet (1) and a cotton collection box (4) is provided at the bottom. A heterogeneous fiber collection part (3) is provided at the bottom of the heterogeneous fiber channel. The side wall of the cotton channel is fixedly provided with a corona electrode (33) for applying static electricity. The corona electrode (33) corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30). The roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) is provided with multiple air vents (30-5). The inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) is connected to the negative pressure suction pipe (18). The negative pressure fan is turned on to form negative pressure on the roller surface. The wall plate (13) of the separation device is provided with a makeup air port (14).

2. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Roller holes are opened in the wall plates (13) at both ends of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30), and support wheels (9) are set on the upper and lower sides of the roller holes to support the rotation of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30). The separation device is equipped with a first motor (7) to drive the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30), and the support wheels (9) are grounded. The heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30) is provided with a C-shaped wind baffle (36) inside, which blocks the ventilation holes (30-5) on one side of the heterogeneous fiber channel. The wind baffle (36) is provided with a fixing plate (11) to fix and connect the wall plates (13) at both ends of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30).

3. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positive pressure air knife (25) is provided in the heterogeneous fiber channel. The positive pressure air knife (25) is positioned corresponding to the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30) to blow off the heterogeneous fibers on the surface of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30).

4. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning component is provided in the channel below the cotton inlet (1). The cleaning component includes multiple spiked rollers (21) and grids (22) arranged side by side to squeeze the cotton and knock off the fine impurities in the cotton. The cleaning component also includes a hopper (6) set below the grids (22) to collect the fine impurities. The separation device is equipped with a second motor (10) to drive the spiked rollers (21) to rotate in the same direction.

5. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The separation device has two channels inside and a cotton leveling component is set between the cotton inlet (1) and the cleaning component. The cotton leveling component includes two sets of cotton leveling rollers (20) and a separator (19). The separator (19) is set in the middle and below the two sets of cotton leveling rollers (20). The cotton leveling rollers (20) are composed of two rollers that rotate relative to each other driven by a motor, which drive the cotton in the middle to move downward to the cleaning component.

6. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hopper (6) has an impurity outlet on its side, and a conveying device (32) is provided at the bottom of the hopper (6) to transport the impurities out of the impurity outlet. The conveying device (32) is a conveyor belt or an auger.

7. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corona electrode (33) is provided with an electrode wall plate (8) and is fixedly connected to the side wall of the channel. The corona electrode (33) is 5 to 50 cm away from the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30).

8. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are 1 to 6 heterogeneous fiber adsorption rollers (30), and the number of positive pressure air knives (25) is the same as that of heterogeneous fiber adsorption rollers (30). A middle baffle (29) is provided on the outside of the positive pressure air knife (25) to block the heterogeneous fibers falling from above.

9. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that: A flow plate (23) is provided between the cleaning component and the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30). The upper end of the flow plate (23) corresponds to the position of the outlet of the cleaning component, and the lower end of the flow plate (23) corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30). The upper end of the slab (23) is hinged to the wall panel (13) by a pin. The lower end of the slab (23) is provided with an arc-shaped groove corresponding to the position of the wall panel. The slab (23) is provided with a slider that slides in the groove. The angle between the slab (23) and the horizontal plane is in the range of 30° to 70°.

10. The cotton heterogeneous fiber separation device by negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface wind speed of the heterogeneous fiber adsorption roller (30) is 0.5-5m / s; the outlet wind speed of the positive pressure air knife (25) is greater than 0.5m / s; and the absolute value of the tip voltage range of the corona electrode (33) is 10-100kV.

Images