Bearing fault test analysis testing machine

Abstract

A bearing fault test analysis testing machine comprises a testing machine main body, and the top of the testing machine main body is provided with a test bearing seat which accommodates two rows of test bearings and is paired back to back and a test main shaft which extends into the test bearing seat and is assembled with inner rings of the two rows of test bearings; the test main shaft is sleeved with a shaft outer ring spacer bush which is located between the two rows of test bearings and supports the opposite end faces of the two outer rings of the two rows of test bearings, and no support exists between the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings. The test main shaft is also provided with a positioning ring and an axial load loading mechanism, wherein the positioning ring and the axial load loading mechanism are respectively used for supporting the opposite end surfaces of the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings. The bottom of the testing machine main body is provided with a transmission mechanism used for driving the testing main shaft to rotate and operate, so that the operation condition of the bearing can be simulated, the axial force is adjustable under the condition that the application of the pretightening force is not influenced, and the fault characteristics of the bearing under the condition that the axial loads with different sizes are applied can be researched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bearing analysis, in particular to a bearing fault testing and analysis testing machine. Background Art

[0002] As an important component of the meteorological satellite remote sensing system, the scanning mechanism is mainly used to obtain meteorological image information. The thin-walled narrow series paired precision angular contact ball bearings used in the scanning mechanism are key components of the shaft system. Their quality and reliability will directly affect the quality of the images obtained and the service life of the entire remote sensing system. This type of bearing is a typical solid lubrication bearing used on satellites. The main failure mode is usually excessive friction resistance torque caused by poor lubrication, unstable operation, and reduced rotation accuracy.

[0003] When paired precision angular contact bearings are used normally, it is necessary to install an inner ring spacer between the two inner rings of the two rows of bearings, and an outer ring spacer between the two outer rings, and apply a preload to the bearings during installation. The size of the preload will also affect the operation of the bearings. The preload of the bearing is the force transmitted from the axial force to the two outer rings through the inner ring and the steel ball. After the conventional installation of the inner and outer ring spacers, the size of the preload is not convenient to adjust, and the effect of the preload on the operating conditions of the bearing is more complicated.

[0004] At present, there is no test equipment for this type of bearing fault diagnosis. In order to solve the above problems, improve the design level and product quality of solid lubricating ball bearings for spacecraft mechanisms, and provide real and effective data reference for product development and theoretical analysis of satellite supporting bearings, a bearing fault test and analysis test machine was developed to optimize bearing design and ensure bearing reliability by studying bearing fault characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a bearing fault testing and analysis testing machine that can simulate the operating conditions of bearings. There is no shaft inner ring spacer between the inner rings of the two rows of bearings, so that the actual preload force of the paired bearings changes with the adjustment of the axial load, and the adjustment range of the actual preload force is larger, which is conducive to studying the bearing failure characteristics of the paired bearings under different preload forces.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a bearing fault test and analysis testing machine, comprising a testing machine main body; A test bearing seat for accommodating two rows of test bearings paired back to back and a test spindle extending into the test bearing seat and assembled with the inner rings of the two rows of test bearings are provided on the top of the test machine body; The test main shaft is provided with a shaft outer ring spacer which is located between two rows of test bearings and supports the opposite end faces of the two outer rings of the two rows of test bearings, and there is no support between the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings; The test spindle is also provided with a positioning ring and an axial load loading mechanism which are respectively supported by the opposite end faces of the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings; A transmission mechanism for driving the test spindle to rotate is provided at the bottom of the test machine body, and a sensor assembly for detecting the operating condition of the test bearing is provided on the test bearing seat.

[0007] As a preferred solution, a sound-proof box is installed outside the main body of the test machine to shield external environmental noise; The soundproof box has an independent isolation chamber for isolating the test bearing seat.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the sensor assembly includes an outer ring vibration sensor on the test bearing seat for contacting and detecting the vibration of the outer ring of the test bearing, and a microphone on the test bearing seat for detecting the noise of the two rows of test bearings in operation.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the sensor assembly also includes a main body vibration sensor on the side wall of the test bearing seat for detecting overall vibration.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the transmission mechanism has a torque sensor for detecting its own transmission torque.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft rotatably disposed in the testing machine body and a torque sensor fixed in the testing machine body, and the test spindle, the torque sensor and the transmission shaft are sequentially connected via a coupling.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the coupling is an elastic coupling.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the testing machine body includes a drive mechanism mounting seat and a transmission mechanism mounting seat, the drive mechanism and the transmission mechanism are respectively located in the drive mechanism mounting seat and the transmission mechanism mounting seat, and the drive mechanism is connected to and drives the transmission mechanism to rotate.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the transmission mechanism mounting seat includes a transmission bearing seat, a connecting seat, and a torque sensor seat; A bearing group is arranged in the transmission bearing seat for the transmission shaft to pass through; The connecting seat is fixed on the outer side of the transmission bearing seat and connected to the test bearing seat; The torque sensor seat is fixed on the top of the transmission bearing seat and is fixedly connected to the housing of the torque sensor.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the end surface of the test spindle has a rod; The axial load loading mechanism comprises an inner ring gland, an elastic loading member, a loading plate and a force sensor which are sequentially slidably sleeved on the rod from one end close to the test spindle to the other end, and the inner ring gland has an annular flange which contacts with the end surface of the inner ring of the test bearing; A locking nut for applying axial pressure to the force sensor is threadedly connected to the rod.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The preload of the bearing is the force transmitted from the axial force to the two outer rings through the inner ring and the steel ball. The two rows of test bearings are assembled back to back, with only an outer ring spacer between the two outer rings, and no support between the two inner rings. This makes the actual preload of the paired bearings change with the adjustment of the axial load, and the adjustment range of the actual preload is larger, which is conducive to studying the bearing failure characteristics of paired bearings under different preloads.

[0017] 2. The test bearing is installed between the test bearing seat and the test spindle. During the rotation of the test spindle, the bearing failure characteristics are analyzed in terms of torque, noise, vibration, etc., providing a test basis for bearing design optimization. It can also conduct quantitative test and analysis on the early failures of solid-lubricated angular contact bearings used in the scanning mechanism of meteorological satellite remote sensing systems.

[0018] 3. A soundproof box is set on the outside of the testing machine body, which will isolate the external noise on the one hand, and isolate the noise impact of the driving mechanism and transmission mechanism on the test bearing seat on the other hand.

[0019] 4. Pick up the overall vibration of the test bearing seat and the vibration of the test bearing outer ring respectively, eliminate the influence of motor rotation on the vibration spectrum analysis of the test bearing outer ring, and improve accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The overall schematic diagram after removing the mute box; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the interior of the test bearing seat of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the driving mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the electronic control system of the present invention.

[0022] Figure markings: 1. Testing machine body, 2. Test bearing, 3. Test bearing seat, 4. Test spindle, 401. Rod, 5. Shaft outer ring spacer, 6. Positioning ring, 7. Axial load loading mechanism, 701. Inner ring pressure cover, 702. Elastic loading member, 703. Loading plate, 704. Force sensor, 705. Locking nut, 8. Outer ring vibration sensor, 9. Microphone, 10. Torque sensor, 11. Silent box, 12. Main body vibration sensor, 13. Transmission shaft, 14. Motor seat, 15. Driving motor, 16. Reducer, 17. Transmission bearing seat, 18. Connecting seat, 19. Torque sensor seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures and features in one embodiment may also be beneficially combined in other embodiments.

[0024] It should be noted that: unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this document shall have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the invention belongs. The words "one", "an" or "the" and the like used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not express quantity restrictions, but indicate the existence of at least one; the words "first", "second" and "third" used in this document shall not be regarded as restrictions on the order of components, but are only used to distinguish different components; words such as "include" or "comprise" and the like indicate that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprise" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprise" and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects with the same function.

[0025] In order to more clearly describe the specific structure of this bearing fault test and analysis machine, Figure 1-6 Describe this embodiment: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a bearing fault test and analysis test machine comprises a test machine body 1 connected to an electric control system 27, a test machine body 1 is provided with a test bearing seat 3 for accommodating two rows of test bearings 2 paired back to back on the top, and a test spindle 4 extending into the test bearing seat 3 and assembled with the inner rings of the two rows of test bearings 2; the test spindle 4 is sleeved with an outer ring spacer 5 located between the two rows of test bearings 2 and supporting the opposite end faces of the two outer rings of the two rows of test bearings 2, and there is no support between the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings; the test spindle 4 is also provided with a positioning ring 6 and an axial load loading mechanism 7 respectively supporting the opposite end faces of the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings 2; The test bearing 2 is a faulty bearing or a bearing to be tested, which is a conventional angular contact bearing. Each row of bearings includes at least an inner ring, an outer ring and a steel ball between the inner ring and the outer ring. The test bearing seat 3 and the test spindle 4 are used to simulate the bearing installation environment; the shaft outer ring spacer 5 is supported on the opposite end faces of the two outer rings. When the axial load loading mechanism 7 applies an axial load to the two inner rings, the axial force is transmitted to the outer ring through the inner ring and the steel ball, providing a preload for the assembled two rows of test bearings 2, reducing the clearance when the two rows of test bearings are assembled, and being able to simulate the operating conditions of the bearings. After the axial load is applied, the axial force is only transmitted to the outer ring through the inner ring and the steel ball. There is no shaft inner ring spacer between the two rows of inner rings to share the axial force, so that the actual preload of the paired bearings changes directly with the adjustment of the axial load, and the adjustment range of the actual preload is larger, which is conducive to studying the bearing failure characteristics of the paired bearings under different preloads. At the same time, after removing the shaft inner ring spacer, the way of converting the axial load into the actual preload is single, which is easier to analyze.

[0026] The bottom of the test machine body 1 is provided with a transmission mechanism for driving the test spindle 4 to rotate, and a driving mechanism for driving the transmission mechanism to rotate, and the test bearing seat 3 is provided with a sensor assembly for detecting the operating condition of the test bearing 2. The sensor assembly includes an outer ring vibration sensor 8 on the test bearing seat 3 for contacting and detecting the vibration of the outer ring of the test bearing 2, and a microphone 9 on the test bearing seat 3 for detecting the noise of the two rows of test bearings 2 under the operating state; The bottom of the test machine body 1 is provided with a transmission mechanism for driving the test spindle 4 to rotate and a driving mechanism for driving the transmission mechanism to rotate. The transmission mechanism has a torque sensor 10 for detecting its own transmission torque. The transmission mechanism drives the test spindle 4 to rotate. During the rotation process, vibration data is picked up by the outer ring vibration sensor 8, noise data is picked up by the microphone 9, and torque data is picked up by the torque sensor 10. The torque, noise, vibration and other aspects are tested. After the test results are uploaded to the electronic control system 27, the bearing fault characteristics are comprehensively analyzed to provide a test basis for the bearing design optimization, and quantitative test and analysis can be performed on the early faults of the solid lubrication angular contact bearings used in the scanning mechanism of the meteorological satellite remote sensing system.

[0027] See also Figure 1 In order to reduce the influence of external noise on the test results, a mute box 11 is installed outside the test machine body 1 to shield the external environmental noise. The mute box 11 has an independent isolation chamber for isolating the test bearing seat 3. On the one hand, it isolates the noise of the external environment, and on the other hand, it isolates the noise influence of the driving mechanism and the transmission mechanism on the test bearing seat 3. The port at the connection between the test bearing seat 3 and the test machine body 1 is matched with the shoulder clearance of the test spindle 4, so that the inner cavity of the test bearing seat 3 becomes a closed cavity. The detection end of the microphone 9 is in the closed cavity, which can also reduce the external noise from entering the test bearing seat 3.

[0028] See also Figure 3 Specifically, the test bearing seat 3 includes three parts: a lower seat 301, an end cover 302 and a sensor fixing seat 303. After the lower seat 301 and the end cover 302 are assembled, an annular groove for accommodating the outer ring of the test bearing 2 is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the lower seat 301. The sensor fixing seat 303 is fixed on the end cover 302 for installing the microphone 9.

[0029] In order to eliminate the influence of motor rotation on the vibration spectrum analysis of the outer ring of the test bearing 2 and improve the accuracy, a main vibration sensor 12 for detecting the overall vibration is provided on the side wall of the test bearing seat 3. The main vibration sensor 12 is used to detect the spectrum of the motor vibration on the test bearing seat 3 and the overall vibration of the internal test bearing 2. After being uploaded to the electronic control system 27, it is comprehensively analyzed together with the vibration spectrum of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0030] See also Figure 3 Before the test, an axial load is manually applied to the test bearing through the axial load loading mechanism 7. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the axial load, the test bearing 2 is installed back to back, and only the shaft outer ring spacer 5 is installed between the two outer rings.

[0031] In the specific configuration, the end face of the test spindle 4 has a rod 401, and the axial load loading mechanism 7 includes an inner ring gland 701, an elastic loading member 702, a loading plate 703, and a force sensor 704, which are sequentially slidably sleeved on the rod 401 from one end close to the test spindle 4 to the other end, and the inner ring gland 701 has an annular flange corresponding to the inner ring end face of the test bearing 2; and a locking nut 705 for applying axial pressure to the force sensor 704 is threadedly connected to the rod 401. The elastic loading member 702 can be a spring, and the force sensor 704 can be an annular force sensor, and the middle of the force sensor has an axial hole for the rod 401 to pass through. When in use, the locking nut 705 is rotated to move it along the axial direction of the rod 401. The locking nut 705 squeezes the axial force so that it is transmitted to the inner ring of the upper test bearing 2 along the force sensor 704, the loading plate 703, the elastic loading member 702 and the inner ring pressure cover 701 in sequence. The axial load is controllable through the flexible transmission of the elastic loading member 702. The force sensor 704 is used to feedback the size of the axial load. When the load reaches the test value, the locking nut 705 is stopped from rotating, and after the load is applied, the external power supply line connected to the force sensor 704 is disconnected to avoid affecting the rotation of the test spindle 4.

[0032] The testing machine body 1 comprises a driving mechanism mounting seat 101 and a transmission mechanism mounting seat. The driving mechanism and the transmission mechanism are respectively located in the driving mechanism mounting seat 101 and the transmission mechanism mounting seat. The driving mechanism is connected to and drives the transmission mechanism to rotate.

[0033] See also Figure 5The transmission mechanism includes a transmission shaft 13 rotatably arranged in the test machine body 1 and a torque sensor 10 fixed in the test machine body 1. The test spindle 4, the torque sensor 10 and the transmission shaft 13 are sequentially connected through a coupling. The torque sensor 10 is used to detect the actual torsional torque of the test spindle 4 when the test bearing is in operation. The coupling is an elastic coupling, which plays the role of intermediate transmission of rotation speed and torque, including a first coupling 20 connected between the lower end of the test spindle 4 and the upper output shaft of the torque sensor 10, and a second coupling 21 connected between the lower input shaft of the torque sensor 10 and the upper end of the transmission shaft 13.

[0034] See also Figure 5 The transmission mechanism mounting seat includes a transmission bearing seat 17, a connecting seat 18, and a torque sensor seat 19. The transmission bearing seat 17 is provided with a bearing group for the transmission shaft 13 to pass through. The connecting seat 18 is fixed to the outer side of the transmission bearing seat 17 and connected to the test bearing seat 3. The torque sensor seat 19 is fixed to the top of the transmission bearing seat 17 and is fixedly connected to the housing of the torque sensor 10. The bearing group adopts double-row angular contact ball bearings assembled back to back, which can bear radial load, axial load and overturning moment load at the same time, and is easy to maintain the stability of the transmission shaft 13 during operation, and reduce the impact on the test bearing 2. Specifically, the double-row angular contact ball bearings assembled back to back include two rows of transmission bearings 23 arranged back to back, and the inner rings of the two rows of transmission bearings 23 are limited between the shaft shoulder of the transmission shaft 13 and the inner ring positioning cover 26 at the upper end of the shaft. The inner ring is assembled with the transmission shaft 13, and an inner spacer sleeve 25 is installed between the two inner rings. The two outer rings of the two rows of transmission bearings 23 are limited in the annular groove on the inner wall of the transmission bearing seat 17, and an outer spacer sleeve 24 is installed between the two outer rings.

[0035] In the above embodiment, the transmission bearing 23 can be specifically a silent deep groove ball bearing, which is grease lubricated, in order to reduce the noise during operation.

[0036] See also Figure 4 The drive mechanism includes a motor seat 14, a drive motor 15 and a reducer 16 fixed on the motor seat 14, the output shaft of the drive motor 15 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the reducer 16, and the output shaft of the reducer 16 is connected to the transmission shaft 13 through a third coupling 22, and the third coupling can also be an elastic coupling. The motor seat 14 is fixed in the drive mechanism mounting seat 101, and the drive motor 15 can be a servo motor. The output speed of the transmission shaft 13 or the transmission mechanism is reduced by the connected reducer 16 to improve stability.

[0037] See also Figure 6The electronic control system 27 includes a torque test analysis module 271 (used to obtain the detection data of the torque sensor 10 and perform calculation and analysis), a vibration test analysis module 272 (used to obtain the data of the outer ring vibration sensor 8 and the main body vibration sensor 12 respectively, and perform calculation and analysis respectively, as well as overall calculation and analysis), a noise test analysis module 273 (used to obtain the detection data of the microphone 9 and perform calculation and separation) and equipment control software 274 (used to control the drive motor 15 and other electrical components).

[0038] The parts not described in detail in the above embodiments are prior art.

[0039] It should be noted that although the present invention is described by the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is obvious that those skilled in the art may make various corresponding changes and deformations to the present invention, but these changes and deformations should all fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bearing fault test and analysis testing machine, characterized in that: The testing machine comprises a main body (1); A test bearing seat (3) for accommodating two rows of test bearings (2) paired back to back and a test spindle (4) extending into the test bearing seat (3) and assembled with the inner rings of the two rows of test bearings (2) are provided on the top of the test machine body (1); The test main shaft (4) is provided with a shaft outer ring spacer (5) which is located between the two rows of test bearings (2) and supports the opposite end faces of the two outer rings of the two rows of test bearings (2), and there is no support between the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings (2); The test spindle (4) is also provided with a positioning ring (6) and an axial load loading mechanism (7) which are respectively supported by the opposite end faces of the two inner rings of the two rows of test bearings (2); A transmission mechanism for driving the test spindle (4) to rotate is provided at the bottom of the test machine body (1), and a sensor assembly for detecting the operating condition of the test bearing (2) is provided on the test bearing seat (3).

2. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soundproof box (11) is installed outside the testing machine body (1) to shield external environmental noise; The soundproof box (11) has an independent isolation chamber for isolating the test bearing seat (3).

3. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly comprises an outer ring vibration sensor (8) on the test bearing seat (3) for contacting and detecting the vibration of the outer ring of the test bearing (2), and a microphone (9) on the test bearing seat (3) for detecting the noise of the two rows of test bearings (2) in operation.

4. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly also includes a main body vibration sensor (12) on the side wall of the test bearing seat (3) for detecting overall vibration.

5. The bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism has a torque sensor (10) for detecting its own transmission torque.

6. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism comprises a transmission shaft (13) rotatably arranged in the test machine body (1) and a torque sensor (10) fixed in the test machine body (1); the test spindle (4), the torque sensor (10) and the transmission shaft (13) are sequentially connected via a coupling.

7. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coupling is an elastic coupling.

8. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The testing machine body (1) comprises a drive mechanism mounting seat and a transmission mechanism mounting seat, wherein the drive mechanism and the transmission mechanism are respectively located in the drive mechanism mounting seat and the transmission mechanism mounting seat, and the drive mechanism is connected to and drives the transmission mechanism to rotate.

9. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism mounting seat comprises a transmission bearing seat (17), a connecting seat (18), and a torque sensor seat (19); A bearing group through which the transmission shaft (13) passes is arranged in the transmission bearing seat (17); The connecting seat (18) is fixed on the outer side of the transmission bearing seat (17) and is connected to the test bearing seat (3); The torque sensor seat (19) is fixed on the top of the transmission bearing seat (17) and is fixedly connected to the housing of the torque sensor (10).

10. A bearing fault testing and analysis machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end surface of the test spindle (4) has a rod (401); The axial load loading mechanism (7) comprises an inner ring pressure cover (701), an elastic loading member (702), a loading plate (703) and a force sensor (704) which are sequentially slidably sleeved on the rod (401) from one end close to the test spindle (4) to the other end, and the inner ring pressure cover (701) has an annular flange which contacts the inner ring end surface of the test bearing (2); A locking nut (705) for applying axial pressure to the force sensor (704) is threadedly connected to the rod (401).

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