A high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system and impact method

Abstract

The present disclosure proposes a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system and impact method, wherein the system includes: a gun barrel, the gun barrel is provided with an excitation chamber, a recovery chamber and an impact chamber connected in sequence; an impact bullet, the impact bullet is provided in the impact chamber along the axial direction of the gun barrel in a sealed sliding manner; an excitation device, the air outlet end of the excitation device is connected to the air inlet end of the excitation chamber, and the excitation device is used to fill the excitation chamber with gas of a preset pressure, wherein the impact bullet is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber under the drive of the preset pressure gas; a recovery device, the air inlet end of the recovery device is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber, and the recovery device is used to pump the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree, so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber. In a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system and impact method disclosed in the present disclosure, high-speed and high-energy emission of the impact bullet and rapid and stable recovery of the impact bullet are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of impact sources, and in particular to a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system and an impact method. Background Art

[0002] Before designing and constructing underground projects, it is necessary to explore the detailed geological structure of the operation area as finely as possible in order to achieve reasonable economic design, early warning and prevention of underground engineering geological disasters. The most important non-contact geophysical exploration technologies mainly include electromagnetic methods and seismic methods. The two have their own strengths. The electromagnetic method is sensitive to areas with abnormal resistivity, so it has mature development in the fields of advanced water-bearing structures and low-resistance hydrological detection; while the seismic exploration method is sensitive to areas with abnormal seismic wave impedance, such as coal-rock interfaces, fault zones, collapse columns, unconformity structures, etc., which are prone to seismic wave scattering areas. Therefore, if you want to explore the distribution of geological structures in underground space, the seismic exploration method is the first choice.

[0003] At present, hammer-type seismic sources are widely used in shallow and deep seismic exploration, but generally because of their low energy, the energy of the artificial seismic waves excited is mainly shallow surface waves, so they are generally used for shallow seismic exploration imaging. This type of equipment has an important technical bottleneck, that is, the weight of the hammer is small (generally 5kg-50kg), and only a small weight can perform the excitation and retraction cycle operations more conveniently, such as handheld; portable hydraulic lifting type, is a portable seismic source that slowly lifts the hammer along the ground support rod through the hydraulic cavity inside the hammer, and then suddenly releases the pressure, relying on gravity to drop and strike.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of small hammer energy and inability to conduct deep body wave exploration due to the small mass of the hammer, some solutions use super-mass hammers (100kg-15000kg), but the disadvantage of this method is very obvious, that is, it is difficult to effectively accelerate the super-mass hammer with common machinery. In addition, after the super-mass hammer falls to the ground, it is difficult to lift it to the excitation position again, which makes it difficult to use super-mass hammers in deep seismic exploration at present, because seismic exploration requires multiple and multiple points of the source to be repeatedly excited on the ground, and too large a mass will make it difficult to lift, cyclically excite, and move the excitation.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve high-speed, high-energy launch and rapid and smooth retrieval of large-mass impact bullets is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.

[0007] To this end, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system and an impact method.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system, comprising: a gun barrel, the gun barrel being provided with an excitation chamber, a recovery chamber and an impact chamber connected in sequence; an impact bullet, the impact bullet being arranged in the impact chamber along the axial direction of the gun barrel in a sealed sliding manner; an excitation device, the air outlet end of the excitation device being connected to the air inlet end of the excitation chamber, and the excitation device being used to fill the excitation chamber with gas of a preset pressure, wherein the impact bullet is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber under the drive of the preset pressure gas; a recovery device, the air inlet end of the recovery device being connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber, and the recovery device being used to evacuate the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber.

[0009] Optionally, the system further includes: a first valve body, wherein the first valve body is arranged between the air outlet end of the excitation chamber and the air inlet end of the recovery chamber, and the air inlet end of the first valve body is connected to the air outlet end of the excitation chamber, and the air outlet end of the first valve body is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery chamber; a second valve body, wherein the second valve body is arranged between the air outlet end of the recovery chamber and the air inlet end of the recovery device, and the air inlet end of the second valve body is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber, and the air outlet end of the second valve body is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery device; wherein, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are connected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body are disconnected, the impact bullet is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber under the drive of the preset pressure gas; when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are disconnected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body are connected, the recovery device is used to evacuate the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber.

[0010] Optionally, the excitation device includes: a high-pressure air source; a third valve body, wherein the third valve body is arranged at the outlet end of the high-pressure air source and is connected to the air inlet end of the excitation chamber, and the air inlet end of the third valve body is connected to the outlet end of the high-pressure air source, and the air outlet end of the third valve body is connected to the air inlet end of the excitation chamber; a first barometer, wherein the detection end of the first barometer is arranged in the excitation chamber, and the first barometer is used to detect the gas pressure in the excitation chamber; wherein, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are disconnected and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the third valve body are connected, the high-pressure air source is used to fill the excitation chamber with gas until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber reaches a preset pressure.

[0011] Optionally, the excitation device also includes: a pressure regulating valve, which is arranged between the air inlet end of the third valve body and the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source, and the air inlet end of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source, and the air outlet end of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the air inlet end of the third valve body, and the pressure regulating valve is used to adjust the gas pressure at the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source to the excitation pressure; wherein, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are disconnected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the third valve body are connected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the pressure regulating valve are connected, the high-pressure air source is used to fill the excitation chamber with gas until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber reaches a preset pressure.

[0012] Optionally, the recovery device includes: a vacuum pump, the air inlet end of the vacuum pump is connected to the air outlet end of the second valve body; a second pressure gauge, the detection end of the second pressure gauge is arranged in the recovery chamber, and the second pressure gauge is used to detect the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber; wherein, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are disconnected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body are connected, the vacuum pump is used to extract gas from the recovery chamber until the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber reaches a preset vacuum degree.

[0013] Optionally, the system further includes: a first limiter, which is arranged at one end of the impact chamber close to the recovery chamber, and when the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber, the first limiter is used to limit the impact bullet.

[0014] Optionally, the system further comprises: a load-balancing plate, which is slidably arranged along the axial direction of the gun barrel at one end of the impact chamber away from the recovery chamber; wherein the load-balancing plate is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber driven by the impact bullet when the impact bullet moves in a direction away from the recovery chamber, and to move in a direction close to the recovery chamber driven by the vacuum in the impact chamber when the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the system further includes: a plurality of sliding rods, the plurality of sliding rods being respectively arranged along the axial direction of the gun barrel at one end of the impact chamber away from the recovery chamber, and the load balancing plate being slidably arranged on the sliding rods; a plurality of second limiters, the plurality of second limiters being respectively arranged at one end of the plurality of sliding rods away from the impact chamber, and when the load balancing plate moves in a direction away from the recovery chamber, the second limiters are used to limit the load balancing plate.

[0016] The second aspect of the present disclosure provides an impact method, which is based on the high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure, and includes: S1: determining the design parameters in the system according to the preset single excitation energy, and preparing the system according to the design parameters, wherein the design parameters include: the preset pressure of the gas driving the impact bullet in the system, the cross-sectional area of ​​the impact bullet, the volume of the excitation cavity in the system and the length of the impact bullet; S2: using the excitation device in the system to fill the excitation cavity with gas of preset pressure; S3: releasing the preset pressure gas in the excitation cavity to drive the impact bullet to move in a direction away from the recovery cavity in the system; S4: using the recovery device in the system to evacuate the recovery cavity to a preset vacuum degree, so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery cavity; S5: repeating steps S2 to S4 at a preset frequency.

[0017] Optionally, the method further includes: determining the design parameters in the system based on the first constraint formula and the second constraint formula; wherein the first constraint formula is: E=P 2 A(2V 0 +kAL) / 8ρL(V 0 +kAL)△t; E is the single excitation energy, P is the preset pressure of the gas driving the impact bullet, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the impact bullet, and V 0 is the volume of the excitation chamber, k is the volume coefficient, L is the length of the impact bullet, ρ is the density of the impact bullet, and △t is the time it takes for the impact bullet to leave the chamber; the second constraint formula is: L<0.9P 0 / ρg; P 0 is the standard atmospheric pressure at the location of the system, and g is the gravitational acceleration at the location of the system.

[0018] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure may have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The preset pressure gas achieved by the excitation device enables high-speed and high-energy emission of the impact bullet, and the preset vacuum degree achieved by the recovery device enables rapid and smooth recovery of the impact bullet. As a result, the system can be used as a seismic source to perform high-frequency, high-energy and repeatable impacts, thereby meeting the needs of shallow and deep seismic exploration.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description or learned through practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure (excitation preparation stage);

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure (excitation phase);

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure (recovery phase);

[0025] Figure 4 is a flow chart of an impact method proposed in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] As shown in the figure: 1, gun barrel, 11, excitation chamber, 12, recovery chamber, 13, impact chamber;

[0027] 2. Impact bullets;

[0028] 3. Excitation device, 31. High-pressure air source, 32. Third valve body, 33. First air pressure gauge, 34. Pressure regulating valve;

[0029] 4. Recovery device, 41. Vacuum pump, 42. Second air pressure gauge;

[0030] 5. a first valve body, 6. a second valve body, 7. a first stopper, 8. a load-balancing plate, 9. a sliding rod, 10. a second stopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present disclosure include all changes, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system, comprising: a gun barrel 1, an impact bullet 2, an excitation device 3 and a recovery device 4, the gun barrel 1 is provided with an excitation chamber 11, a recovery chamber 12 and an impact chamber 13 which are connected in sequence, the impact bullet 2 is axially sealed and slidably arranged in the impact chamber 13 along the gun barrel 1, the air outlet end of the excitation device 3 is connected to the air inlet end of the excitation chamber 11, and the excitation device 3 is used to fill the excitation chamber 11 with gas of a preset pressure, wherein the impact bullet 2 is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12 under the drive of the preset pressure gas, the air inlet end of the recovery device 4 is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber 12, and the recovery device 4 is used to evacuate the recovery chamber 12 to a preset vacuum degree, so that the impact bullet 2 moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12.

[0033] It can be understood that since the impact bullet 2 is axially sealed and slidably arranged in the impact chamber 13 along the barrel 1, and the outlet end of the excitation device 3 is connected to the inlet end of the excitation chamber 11, the excitation device 3 can fill the excitation chamber 11 with gas of preset pressure, and the impact bullet 2 can move in the direction away from the recovery chamber 12 driven by the preset pressure gas; since the inlet end of the recovery device 4 is connected to the outlet end of the recovery chamber 12, the recovery device 4 can evacuate the recovery chamber 12 to a preset vacuum degree, so that the impact bullet 2 moves in the direction close to the recovery chamber 12.

[0034] Among them, the preset pressure gas achieved by the excitation device 3 realizes the high-speed and high-energy emission of the impact bullet 2, and the preset vacuum degree achieved by the recovery device 4 realizes the rapid and smooth recovery of the impact bullet 2. As a result, the system can be used as a seismic source to perform high-frequency, high-energy and repeatable impacts, thereby meeting the needs of shallow and deep seismic exploration.

[0035] It should be noted that the gun barrel 1 is used to form an impact chamber 13 for arranging and guiding the impact bullet 2, an excitation chamber 11 for accommodating a preset pressure gas, and a recovery chamber 12 for forming a preset vacuum degree. The specific type of the gun barrel 1 can be set according to actual needs, and there is no limitation on this. For example, the gun barrel 1 may include: a tube body and a cavity body, the tube body and the cavity body are connected, and an impact chamber 13 is formed in the tube body and the impact bullet 2 is arranged, an excitation chamber 11 is formed in the cavity, and a recovery chamber 12 is formed at one end of the tube body close to the cavity. Among them, the gun barrel 1 can be set on the base platform using multiple hoop brackets.

[0036] The impact bullet 2 is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12 under the drive of a preset pressure gas, thereby achieving an out-of-barrel impact, and to move in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12 under the drive of a preset vacuum degree, thereby achieving recovery and reset. The specific type of the impact bullet 2 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, the impact bullet 2 can be a structure that is adapted to the impact chamber 13 and is close to a columnar shape.

[0037] The excitation device 3 is used to fill the excitation chamber 11 with gas of preset pressure, so as to utilize the gas of preset pressure to drive the impact bullet 2 to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the excitation device 3 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this.

[0038] The recovery device 4 is used to evacuate the recovery chamber 12 to a preset vacuum level, so as to utilize the vacuum to drive the impact bullet 2 to move in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the recovery device 4 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this.

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the system also includes: a first valve body 5 and a second valve body 6, the first valve body 5 is arranged between the air outlet end of the excitation chamber 11 and the air inlet end of the recovery chamber 12, and the air inlet end of the first valve body 5 is connected to the air outlet end of the excitation chamber 11, the air outlet end of the first valve body 5 is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery chamber 12, the second valve body 6 is arranged between the air outlet end of the recovery chamber 12 and the air inlet end of the recovery device 4, and the air inlet end of the second valve body 6 is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber 12, and the air outlet end of the second valve body 6 is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery device 4. Among them, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body 5 are connected and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body 6 are disconnected, the impact bullet 2 is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12 under the drive of a preset pressure gas; when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body 5 are disconnected and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body 6 are connected, the recovery device 4 is used to evacuate the recovery chamber 12 to a preset vacuum degree so that the impact bullet 2 moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12.

[0040] It can be understood that since the air inlet end of the first valve body 5 is connected to the air outlet end of the excitation chamber 11, and the air outlet end of the first valve body 5 is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery chamber 12, the first valve body 5 can control the on-off of the passage between the air outlet end of the excitation chamber 11 and the air inlet end of the recovery chamber 12; since the air inlet end of the second valve body 6 is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber 12, and the air outlet end of the second valve body 6 is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery device 4, the second valve body 6 can control the on-off of the passage between the air outlet end of the recovery chamber 12 and the air inlet end of the recovery device 4.

[0041] Therefore, when the air inlet and air outlet ends of the first valve body 5 are connected and the air inlet and air outlet ends of the second valve body 6 are disconnected, the gas with a preset pressure in the excitation chamber 11 can enter the recovery chamber 12 and drive the impact bullet 2 to move quickly in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12, thereby achieving high-energy impact; when the air inlet and air outlet ends of the first valve body 5 are disconnected and the air inlet and air outlet ends of the second valve body 6 are connected, the recovery device 4 can evacuate the recovery chamber 12 to a preset vacuum degree and drive the impact bullet 2 to move in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12, thereby achieving recovery and reset.

[0042] It should be noted that the first valve body 5 is used to control the on-off of the passage between the gas outlet end of the excitation chamber 11 and the gas inlet end of the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the first valve body 5 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the first valve body 5 can be an electromagnetic switch valve. When the first valve body 5 is turned on, the gas with a preset pressure in the excitation chamber 11 is instantly filled into the recovery chamber 12 and reaches the impact chamber 13, so as to achieve high-energy discharge of the impact bullet 2.

[0043] The second valve body 6 is used to control the on-off of the passage between the air outlet end of the recovery chamber 12 and the air inlet end of the recovery device 4. The specific type of the second valve body 6 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, the second valve body 6 can be an electromagnetic switch valve.

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the excitation device 3 includes: a high-pressure air source 31, a third valve body 32 and a first barometer 33. The third valve body 32 is arranged at the outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31 and connected to the inlet end of the excitation chamber 11, and the inlet end of the third valve body 32 is connected to the outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31, and the outlet end of the third valve body 32 is connected to the inlet end of the excitation chamber 11. The detection end of the first barometer 33 is arranged in the excitation chamber 11, and the first barometer 33 is used to detect the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11. When the inlet end and the outlet end of the first valve body 5 are disconnected, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the third valve body 32 are connected, the high-pressure air source 31 is used to fill the excitation chamber 11 with gas until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11 reaches a preset pressure.

[0045] It can be understood that since the air inlet end of the third valve body 32 is connected to the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31, and the air outlet end of the third valve body 32 is connected to the air inlet end of the excitation chamber 11, the third valve body 32 can control the on-off of the passage between the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31 and the air inlet end of the excitation chamber 11; since the detection end of the first barometer 33 is arranged in the excitation chamber 11, the first barometer 33 can detect the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11.

[0046] Therefore, when the air inlet and air outlet ends of the first valve body 5 are disconnected and the air inlet and air outlet ends of the third valve body 32 are connected, the high-pressure gas of the high-pressure air source 31 can be filled into the excitation chamber 11 through the third valve body 32 until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11 detected by the first barometer 33 reaches the preset pressure, thereby realizing the driving of the impact bullet 2 when the first valve body 5 is connected.

[0047] It should be noted that the high-pressure air source 31 is used to store high-pressure gas, and the specific type of the high-pressure air source 31 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this.

[0048] The third valve body 32 is used to control the on-off of the passage between the outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31 and the inlet end of the excitation chamber 11. The specific type of the third valve body 32 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, the third valve body 32 can be an electromagnetic switch valve.

[0049] The first barometer 33 is used to detect the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11 . The specific type of the first barometer 33 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the excitation device 3 further includes: a pressure regulating valve 34, which is arranged between the air inlet end of the third valve body 32 and the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31, and the air inlet end of the pressure regulating valve 34 is connected to the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31, and the air outlet end of the pressure regulating valve 34 is connected to the air inlet end of the third valve body 32, and the pressure regulating valve 34 is used to adjust the gas pressure at the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31 to the excitation pressure. Among them, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body 5 are disconnected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the third valve body 32 are connected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the pressure regulating valve 34 are connected, the high-pressure air source 31 is used to fill the excitation chamber 11 with gas until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11 reaches a preset pressure.

[0051] It can be understood that since the air inlet end of the pressure regulating valve 34 is connected to the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31, and the air outlet end of the pressure regulating valve 34 is connected to the air inlet end of the third valve body 32, the pressure regulating valve 34 can control the on-off of the passage between the air inlet end of the third valve body 32 and the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31, and adjust the gas pressure at the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31.

[0052] Therefore, when the air inlet and air outlet of the first valve body 5 are disconnected, and the air inlet and air outlet of the third valve body 32 are connected, and the air inlet and air outlet of the pressure regulating valve 34 are connected, the high-pressure gas of the high-pressure air source 31 can be filled into the excitation chamber 11 through the pressure regulating valve 34 and the third valve body 32 in sequence, until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber 11 detected by the first barometer 33 reaches the preset pressure, so that when the first valve body 5 is connected, the driving of the impact bullet 2 is realized, and the pressure regulating valve 34 can be used to adjust the gas pressure at the air outlet of the high-pressure air source 31 to the excitation pressure, thereby ensuring the stable and efficient compression of the gas in the excitation chamber 11, and then ensuring the stable driving of the pressure gas on the impact bullet 2.

[0053] It should be noted that the pressure regulating valve 34 is used to adjust the gas pressure at the outlet end of the high-pressure air source 31 to the excitation pressure. The specific type of the pressure regulating valve 34 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the recovery device 4 includes: a vacuum pump 41 and a second barometer 42, the air inlet end of the vacuum pump 41 is connected to the air outlet end of the second valve body 6, the detection end of the second barometer 42 is arranged in the recovery chamber 12, and the second barometer 42 is used to detect the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber 12. When the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body 5 are disconnected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body 6 are connected, the vacuum pump 41 is used to extract gas from the recovery chamber 12 until the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber 12 reaches a preset vacuum degree.

[0055] It can be understood that since the air inlet end of the vacuum pump 41 is connected to the air outlet end of the second valve body 6, the vacuum pump 41 draws gas in the direction from the air inlet end to the air outlet end of the second valve body 6; since the detection end of the second pressure gauge 42 is set in the recovery chamber 12, the second pressure gauge 42 can detect the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber 12.

[0056] Therefore, when the air inlet and air outlet ends of the first valve body 5 are disconnected and the air inlet and air outlet ends of the second valve body 6 are connected, the vacuum pump 41 can extract gas from the recovery chamber 12 through the second valve body 6 until the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber 12 reaches a preset vacuum degree, thereby achieving stable and efficient recovery of the impact bullet 2.

[0057] It should be noted that the vacuum pump 41 is used to extract gas from the air inlet end to the air outlet end of the second valve body 6 to achieve a preset vacuum degree in the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the vacuum pump 41 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this.

[0058] The second barometer 42 is used to detect the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the second barometer 42 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.

[0059] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the system also includes: a first limiter 7, which is arranged at one end of the impact chamber 13 close to the recovery chamber 12, and when the impact bullet 2 moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12, the first limiter 7 is used to limit the impact bullet 2.

[0060] It can be understood that, since the first limiter 7 is arranged at one end of the impact chamber 13 close to the recovery chamber 12 , the first limiter 7 can limit the impact bullet 2 , thereby ensuring stable recovery and reset of the impact bullet 2 .

[0061] It should be noted that the first limiter 7 is used to limit the impact bullet 2 when the impact bullet 2 moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the first limiter 7 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, the first limiter 7 can be an annular structure, and the first limiter 7 is arranged on the inner wall of the impact chamber 13 along the circumference of the barrel 1.

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the system further includes: a load balancing plate 8, which is slidably disposed along the axial direction of the barrel 1 at one end of the impact chamber 13 away from the recovery chamber 12. The load balancing plate 8 is used to move in the direction away from the recovery chamber 12 driven by the impact bullet 2 when the impact bullet 2 moves in the direction away from the recovery chamber 12, and to move in the direction close to the recovery chamber 12 driven by the vacuum in the impact chamber 13 when the impact bullet 2 moves in the direction close to the recovery chamber 12.

[0063] It can be understood that since the load-balancing plate 8 is slidably arranged along the axial direction of the barrel 1 at one end of the impact chamber 13 away from the recovery chamber 12, when the impact bullet 2 moves in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12, the load-balancing plate 8 can move in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12 driven by the impact bullet 2, thereby achieving uniform outward conduction of the impact force and ensuring high-quality impact of the source system. In addition, when the impact bullet 2 moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12, a vacuum is generated in the impact chamber 13 under the recovery action of the impact bullet 2, thereby acting on the load-balancing plate 8, causing the load-balancing plate 8 to move in a direction close to the recovery chamber 12 driven by the vacuum, thereby achieving resetting, so as to facilitate the next high-energy impact.

[0064] It should be noted that the load-balancing plate 8 is used to evenly conduct the impact force on the impact bullet 2 outward. The specific type of the load-balancing plate 8 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, the load-balancing plate 8 is made of high-rigidity flame-retardant material.

[0065] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the system further includes: a plurality of slide rods 9 and a plurality of second limiters 10, the plurality of slide rods 9 are respectively arranged at one end of the impact chamber 13 away from the recovery chamber 12 along the axial direction of the barrel 1, and the load-balancing plate 8 is slidably arranged on the slide rods 9, the plurality of second limiters 10 are respectively arranged at one end of the plurality of slide rods 9 away from the impact chamber 13, and when the load-balancing plate 8 moves in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12, the second limiter 10 is used to limit the load-balancing plate 8.

[0066] It can be understood that since multiple slide bars 9 are respectively arranged at one end of the impact chamber 13 away from the recovery chamber 12 along the axial direction of the gun barrel 1, and the load-balancing plate 8 is slidably arranged on the slide bars 9, the load-balancing plate 8 can utilize the multiple slide bars 9 to achieve impact movement and reset movement, and since multiple second limiters 10 are respectively arranged at one end of the multiple slide bars 9 away from the impact chamber 13, the second limiters 10 can limit the load-balancing plate 8 to ensure stable impact of the load-balancing plate 8.

[0067] It should be noted that the second limiter 10 is used to limit the load-balancing plate 8 when the load-balancing plate 8 moves in a direction away from the recovery chamber 12. The specific type of the second limiter 10 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited to this. For example, the second limiter 10 can be an end plate structure, and the diameter of the second limiter 10 is larger than the diameter of the slide rod 9.

[0068] like Figure 4 As shown, the embodiment of the present disclosure also proposes an impact method, which is based on the high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and includes:

[0069] S1: Determine design parameters in the system according to a preset single excitation energy, and prepare the system according to the design parameters, wherein the design parameters include: a preset pressure of gas in the driving system that impacts the bullet, a cross-sectional area of ​​the impact bullet, a volume of the excitation chamber in the system, and a length of the impact bullet;

[0070] S2: Using the excitation device in the system to fill the excitation chamber with gas of preset pressure;

[0071] S3: releasing the preset pressure gas in the excitation chamber to drive the impact bullet to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber in the system;

[0072] S4: using a recovery device in the system to evacuate the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree, so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber;

[0073] S5: Repeat steps S2 to S4 at a preset frequency.

[0074] It can be understood that the preset pressure gas achieved by the excitation device realizes the high-speed and high-energy emission of the impact bullet, and the preset vacuum degree achieved by the recovery device realizes the rapid and smooth recovery of the impact bullet. As a result, the system can be used as a seismic source to perform high-frequency, high-energy and repeatable impacts, thereby meeting the needs of shallow and deep seismic exploration.

[0075] It should be noted that the user's demands for detection depth and detection accuracy are ultimately reflected in the single excitation energy E of the high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system. Therefore, E can be used as the core target parameter in designing the system.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0077] Design parameters in the system are determined based on the first constraint formula and the second constraint formula.

[0078] Among them, the first constraint formula is: E=P 2 A(2V 0 +kAL) / 8ρL(V 0 +kAL)△t, E is the single excitation energy, P is the preset pressure of the gas driving the impact bullet, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the impact bullet, V 0 is the volume of the excitation chamber, k is the volume coefficient, L is the length of the impact bullet, ρ is the density of the impact bullet, and △t is the time it takes for the impact bullet to leave the chamber.

[0079] The second constraint formula is: L<0.9P 0 / ρg,P 0 is the standard atmospheric pressure at the location of the system, and g is the gravitational acceleration at the location of the system.

[0080] It can be understood that the use of the first constraint formula can achieve precise control of the impact bullet excitation stage in the system, and the use of the second constraint formula can achieve precise control of the impact bullet recovery stage in the system. Therefore, through the coordination of the first constraint formula and the second constraint formula, it is ensured that the system can perform high-frequency and high-energy repeatable impacts as a seismic source.

[0081] It should be noted that the volume coefficient k can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the volume coefficient k can be in the range of 1.5-2.0.

[0082] For example, based on the first constraint formula and the second constraint formula, the following table can be obtained, which shows that the excitation device has a given excitation energy E = 100 kJ and a material density of the example impact bullet ρ = 7800 kg / m 3 The design quantitative relationship table of the preset pressure P, impact bullet cross-sectional area A, and impact bullet length L is as follows:

[0083] Among them, “-” means that under this design parameter combination (P, R, L, E, ρ), only the first constraint formula is satisfied, and the second constraint formula is not satisfied, that is, it can be excited but cannot be vacuum recovered.

[0084]

[0085] Furthermore, the development of high-resolution seismic exploration technology lags significantly behind traditional oil and gas seismic exploration. The reason is that the application field focuses on the scale and accuracy of surrounding rock space (300-meter surrounding rock range for wells and tunnels, 0.3-0.5-meter accuracy) is much smaller than the detection scale of ground oil and gas reserves (3-kilometer-5-kilometer range, 30-60-meter accuracy). This results in the "large-field low-precision" geophysical seismic source equipment used in oil and gas reserve exploration being essentially unable to effectively meet the "small-field high-precision" detection and imaging needs of surrounding rock structures.

[0086] Therefore, in order to obtain high-resolution surrounding rock fine structure, this embodiment proposes a "small field high-precision" structure detection system that can excite a wide frequency band (real effective reflection signal frequency band 1Hz-250Hz within 300m surrounding rock range), high energy, high penetration, and high controllability, and underground shaft and tunnel space impact geophysical exploration source. This embodiment is mainly compared with the existing three types of mainstream source technologies:

[0087] (1) Compared with explosive sources: The core features of explosive sources are high energy, source energy diffuses to the target area in the form of high-energy pulses, and has a wide frequency band. The disadvantages include: drilling is required for excitation, pyrotechnic construction is dangerous, and excitation is highly destructive to the near-surface. It cannot be used in coal mines with high gas content and urban areas.

[0088] Since the system of this embodiment provides a high-energy broadband function, it can achieve a detection depth equivalent to that of an explosive source, and can also ensure that the frequency bands of scattered signals and reflected signals are wide enough to ensure the accuracy of subsequent seismic imaging. At the same time, the system of this embodiment overcomes a technical difficulty of an explosive source in that an explosive source is a chemical explosion process, and its transient process is extremely difficult to control, which is manifested in that the excited seismic pulse wave is a complex waveform seismic wavelet with many sawtooths, many and complex side lobes, and difficulty in effectively controlling its repeatability, which makes it difficult to use its full waveform information during seismic imaging. The system of this embodiment uses a large-mass, regularly shaped impact bomb for impact excitation, and can effectively control and repeatedly controllably excite the waveform of the seismic wavelet by controlling the shape, direction, speed, material, etc. of the impact bomb. Practice has shown that the seismic wavelet of the present invention has a large main lobe and extremely small side lobes, and full waveform inversion imaging can be performed in subsequent high-resolution imaging.

[0089] (2) Comparison with controllable seismic source vehicles: Controllable seismic source vehicles are an important technical equipment in seismic exploration. Different from the pulse waves excited by explosive sources, their main feature is the use of swept-frequency vibration technology and cross-correlation algorithm to generate long-term swept-frequency seismic waves through artificial swept-frequency vibration to obtain underground structure imaging.

[0090] The technical advantages include: the controllable vibrator vehicle can accurately control the frequency and intensity of the source signal; it has a good signal-to-noise ratio; compared with the traditional explosive source, this method is safer and more environmentally friendly, reducing damage to the surrounding environment. In addition, the controllable vibrator vehicle has good mobility and can operate in different types of terrain conditions.

[0091] The shortcomings include: since the actual sweep power is mainly concentrated in the low frequency band below 20Hz, the actual effective frequency band of the controllable source vehicle is low and cannot meet the signal source requirements of high-resolution seismic imaging; the equipment cost is high, and operation and maintenance require professional technicians.

[0092] The system of this embodiment adopts a tracked vehicle as the source carrier, inheriting the advantages of controllable source vehicles in terms of convenience of mobile operation and little damage to the ground. At the same time, the system of this embodiment upgrades the sweep frequency signal, which is a long-period, low-energy-density excitation form that requires cross-correlation to calculate virtual pulse seismic waves, to a direct use of large-mass, high-speed pneumatic impact bombs to excite real broadband pulse waves, greatly improving the real frequency band of the pulse waves. Since the seismic imaging resolution is directly proportional to the pulse wave frequency band, the system of this embodiment is more suitable for high-resolution seismic exploration imaging projects.

[0093] (3) Comparison with drop-hammer seismic sources: Drop-hammer seismic sources, also known as hammer seismic sources, are a commonly used seismic source technology in seismic exploration. Its technical feature is to generate seismic waves by hitting the ground with a free-falling heavy hammer. This method is simple and direct and is mainly used for shallow seismic exploration. The advantages of drop-hammer seismic sources are low equipment cost, easy operation, no need for explosives, and reduced safety risks to the environment and personnel; in addition, because the equipment is light, it is suitable for use in places with inconvenient transportation or limited space.

[0094] Disadvantages: Since the hammer is excited by gravitational potential energy and spring energy, its energy is limited (usually 0.1kJ-3.0kJ), so it is difficult to penetrate deeper underground structures and cannot effectively detect high signal-to-noise ratio reflection signals. However, it can form considerable surface wave energy, thus limiting the exploration depth and accuracy. It is mainly used for shallow surface wave exploration. It is greatly affected by surface conditions and may result in poor signal quality on hard or uneven surfaces.

[0095] In general, the drop hammer source is suitable for shallow geological surveys and provides an economical and effective solution for many exploration projects, but in deep exploration, it is necessary to combine other source technologies to obtain more comprehensive results. The system (1.0kJ-15.0kJ) of this embodiment is similar to the drop hammer source in terms of excitation form, in that the mass block hits the surface of the area to be measured to generate pulse waves. However, its excitation components are completely different, so that the system source of this embodiment can achieve the deep body wave exploration function that is difficult to achieve with the drop hammer source.

[0096] In addition, the system of this embodiment pre-evaluates the mechanical parameters of the on-site well and tunnel surface to be tested, and first evaluates the energy conversion threshold K. This threshold refers specifically to when the impact bullet energy is less than K, and mainly generates surface wave energy, which is only suitable for surface wave exploration; when it is greater than K, the seismic energy component excited by the impact bullet will be reversed, mainly deep body wave energy, while shallow surface waves will tend to be flat. At this time, the source is suitable for deep high-resolution seismic exploration projects.

[0097] The core of the system of this embodiment is to set reasonable excitation energy through on-site surface pre-assessment under the effect of seismic energy component reversal, thereby realizing deep body wave exploration that cannot be achieved by a drop hammer source.

[0098] It should be noted that, in the description of the present disclosure, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0099] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0101] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system, characterized in that: include: A gun barrel, wherein the gun barrel is provided with an excitation chamber, a recovery chamber and an impact chamber connected in sequence; An impact bullet, the impact bullet is disposed in the impact chamber in a sealing and sliding manner along the axial direction of the gun barrel; An excitation device, wherein the gas outlet end of the excitation device is connected to the gas inlet end of the excitation chamber, and the excitation device is used to fill the excitation chamber with gas of a preset pressure, wherein the impact bullet is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber under the drive of the gas of the preset pressure; A recovery device, wherein the air inlet end of the recovery device is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber, and the recovery device is used to evacuate the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber; Wherein, the system further includes: a first valve body and a second valve body, the first valve body is arranged between the air outlet end of the excitation chamber and the air inlet end of the recovery chamber, and the air inlet end of the first valve body is connected to the air outlet end of the excitation chamber, the air outlet end of the first valve body is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery chamber, the second valve body is arranged between the air outlet end of the recovery chamber and the air inlet end of the recovery device, and the air inlet end of the second valve body is connected to the air outlet end of the recovery chamber, and the air outlet end of the second valve body is connected to the air inlet end of the recovery device; wherein, when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are connected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body are disconnected, the impact bullet is used to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber under the drive of the preset pressure gas; when the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the first valve body are disconnected, and the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the second valve body are connected, the recovery device is used to evacuate the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber; The excitation device comprises: a high-pressure air source, a third valve body and a first barometer, wherein the third valve body is arranged at an outlet end of the high-pressure air source and is connected to an inlet end of the excitation chamber, and the inlet end of the third valve body is connected to an outlet end of the high-pressure air source, and the outlet end of the third valve body is connected to an inlet end of the excitation chamber, and the detection end of the first barometer is arranged in the excitation chamber, and the first barometer is used to detect the gas pressure in the excitation chamber; wherein, when the inlet end and the outlet end of the first valve body are disconnected, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the third valve body are connected, the high-pressure air source is used to fill the excitation chamber with gas until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber reaches a preset pressure; The system also includes: a load-balancing plate, which is slidably arranged along the axial direction of the gun barrel at one end of the impact chamber away from the recovery chamber; wherein the load-balancing plate is used to move in the direction away from the recovery chamber when the impact bullet moves in the direction away from the recovery chamber, driven by the impact bullet, so as to achieve uniform outward conduction of the impact force, and to move in the direction close to the recovery chamber when the impact bullet moves in the direction close to the recovery chamber, driven by the vacuum in the impact chamber.

2. The high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation device also includes: A pressure regulating valve, the pressure regulating valve is arranged between the air inlet end of the third valve body and the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source, and the air inlet end of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source, and the air outlet end of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the air inlet end of the third valve body, and the pressure regulating valve is used to adjust the gas pressure at the air outlet end of the high-pressure air source to the excitation pressure; Among them, when the air inlet and air outlet ends of the first valve body are disconnected, and the air inlet and air outlet ends of the third valve body are connected, and the air inlet and air outlet ends of the pressure regulating valve are connected, the high-pressure air source is used to fill gas into the excitation chamber until the gas pressure in the excitation chamber reaches a preset pressure.

3. The high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recovery device comprises: A vacuum pump, wherein an air inlet end of the vacuum pump is connected to an air outlet end of the second valve body; a second barometer, wherein a detection end of the second barometer is disposed in the recovery chamber, and the second barometer is used to detect the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber; When the air inlet and air outlet of the first valve body are disconnected and the air inlet and air outlet of the second valve body are connected, the vacuum pump is used to extract gas from the recovery chamber until the vacuum degree in the recovery chamber reaches a preset vacuum degree.

4. The high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises: The first stopper is arranged at one end of the impact chamber close to the recovery chamber, and when the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber, the first stopper is used to limit the impact bullet.

5. The high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises: A plurality of slide bars, each of which is arranged along the axial direction of the gun barrel at one end of the impact chamber away from the recovery chamber, and the load-sharing plate is slidably arranged on the slide bars; A plurality of second limiters are respectively arranged at one end of the plurality of slide bars away from the impact chamber, and when the load balancing plate moves in a direction away from the recovery chamber, the second limiter is used to limit the load balancing plate.

6. An impact method, characterized in that: The impact method is based on the high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: S1: Determine design parameters in the system according to a preset single excitation energy, and prepare the system according to the design parameters, wherein the design parameters include: a preset pressure of a gas driving an impact bullet in the system, a cross-sectional area of ​​the impact bullet, a volume of an excitation chamber in the system, and a length of the impact bullet; S2: using the excitation device in the system to fill the excitation chamber with gas of a preset pressure; S3: releasing the preset pressure gas in the excitation chamber to drive the impact bullet to move in a direction away from the recovery chamber in the system; S4: using the recovery device in the system to evacuate the recovery chamber to a preset vacuum degree, so that the impact bullet moves in a direction close to the recovery chamber; S5: Repeat steps S2 to S4 at a preset frequency; The method further includes: determining a design parameter in the system based on the first constraint formula and the second constraint formula; Among them, the first constraint formula is: E=P 2 A(2V0+kAL) / 8ρL(V0+kAL)△t; E is the single excitation energy, P is the preset pressure of the gas driving the impact bullet, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the impact bullet, V0 is the volume of the excitation chamber, k is the volume coefficient, L is the length of the impact bullet, ρ is the density of the impact bullet, and △t is the time when the impact bullet leaves the chamber; The second constraint formula is: L<0.9P0 / ρg; P0 is the standard atmospheric pressure at the location of the system, and g is the gravitational acceleration at the location of the system.

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