Omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on magnetoelectric dipole structure

Abstract

The invention provides an omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the antenna comprises a central air-filled coaxial line, a plurality of antenna units, and an inner conductor of the air-filled coaxial line. Each antenna unit is a shell part of an air-filled coaxial line, and extends and bends outwards from a cut gap of the shell to form a metal radiation sleeve structure with a radiation function; gaps of the antenna units are supported by nylon screws; the inner conductor is connected with the housing at the top end of the air-filled coaxial line. The omnidirectional antenna solves the problems of low efficiency and low gain of a traditional omnidirectional radiation antenna, and has a simple and reliable structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and in particular relates to an omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure. Background Art

[0002] In the field of Sub-6GHz communications, omnidirectional high-gain antennas are key components in wireless communication systems and are widely used in mobile communications, the Internet of Things, and other wireless networks. Traditional omnidirectional antenna technology solutions mainly include dipole antennas, array antennas, and printed antennas. These antennas have different structural and performance characteristics and are suitable for different application scenarios.

[0003] The dipole antenna is one of the most basic antennas, consisting of two metal conductors, usually arranged symmetrically. This antenna is widely used due to its simple structure and omnidirectional radiation characteristics. The working principle of the dipole antenna is to generate electromagnetic wave radiation through the oscillation of current on a half-wavelength oscillator. Despite its simple design and low cost, the gain and bandwidth of the dipole antenna are relatively limited. This makes it generally suitable for simple radio communication systems, such as low-power sensor networks or short-range radio communications.

[0004] Array antennas achieve higher gain by combining multiple antenna elements. By precisely controlling the phase and amplitude of each element, array antennas are able to produce a more directional radiation pattern. This feature makes them very popular in situations where high gain is required, such as cellular network base stations and radar systems. However, the design and manufacturing process of array antennas is complex, involving precise phase control and complex feeding networks. This not only increases costs, but also places higher requirements on manufacturing accuracy and maintenance.

[0005] Printed antennas use printed circuit board technology to print the antenna structure directly on a dielectric substrate. This approach makes the antenna lighter and easier to integrate, making it particularly suitable for portable devices and small communication systems. Printed antennas can adjust performance by changing the substrate material and antenna pattern. However, they have limitations in terms of high gain and high efficiency and are generally not suitable for applications that require high-performance antennas. In addition, the performance of printed antennas is easily affected by the characteristics of the substrate material and the manufacturing process, leading to consistency and reliability issues.

[0006] Although traditional antenna structures have performed well in their respective fields, there are still many defects and problems. The first is bandwidth limitation. With the development of wireless communication technology, the requirements for antenna working bandwidth are getting higher and higher. Traditional antennas usually cannot meet the needs of modern communication systems in terms of broadband performance, especially when supporting multiple frequency bands and communication standards. Secondly, insufficient gain is another major problem of omnidirectional antennas. Omnidirectional antennas need to radiate electromagnetic waves evenly within the coverage area, which makes it very difficult to increase the gain while maintaining the omnidirectional radiation characteristics. High gain is usually associated with directional radiation, while omnidirectional antennas need to distribute signals evenly in space. This contradiction limits the gain performance of omnidirectional antennas. In addition, antenna efficiency is also limited by design complexity and material loss. Low efficiency will lead to more energy loss, which not only affects the communication quality, but also increases the power consumption of the system. The single polarization mode is also a limitation of existing antenna technology. Many traditional antenna designs cannot flexibly support multiple polarization modes, which may limit the use of antennas in some applications. For example, polarization flexibility is particularly important in situations where different polarization modes are required to reduce multipath interference or adapt to different transmission conditions. Finally, the problem of structural complexity is mainly reflected in high-gain array antennas. In order to achieve high gain and broadband performance, array antennas usually require complex designs and precise manufacturing processes. This not only increases costs, but can also make manufacturing and maintenance more difficult. In addition, complex structures also increase the possibility of system errors, posing challenges to long-term reliability.

[0007] In summary, although traditional antenna technology is widely used in a variety of applications, it still has significant shortcomings in bandwidth, gain, efficiency, polarization mode and structural complexity. These problems limit its application in modern communication systems and promote the research and development of new antenna technologies. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure, which solves the problems of low efficiency and low gain existing in traditional omnidirectional radiating antennas and also has a simple and reliable structure.

[0009] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure, comprising a central air-filled coaxial line, a plurality of antenna units and an inner conductor of the air-filled coaxial line;

[0010] Each of the antenna units is a shell portion of an air-filled coaxial line, extending and bending outward from a gap cut off from the shell to form a metal radiation sleeve structure with a radiation function;

[0011] The gap of each antenna unit is supported by a nylon screw; the inner conductor is connected to the outer shell at the top end of the coaxial line.

[0012] Furthermore, the antenna units are arranged equidistantly on an air-filled coaxial line, and when energy is input from a coaxial interface at the bottom of the antenna, the energy is distributed to each antenna unit and generates radiation.

[0013] Furthermore, the slots on the air-filled coaxial line and the horizontal portion of the metal radiation sleeve form a magnetic dipole on the horizontal plane, and the slots on the air-filled coaxial line and the vertical portion of the metal radiation sleeve form a vertical electric dipole.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0015] (1) The present invention proposes a novel omnidirectional radiating antenna unit structure, which provides a broadband omnidirectional radiation pattern by means of a magnetic dipole and an electric dipole based on the principle of a magnetoelectric dipole antenna, and realizes a simple and effective array antenna on an air-filled coaxial line.

[0016] (2) In terms of working bandwidth, due to the use of two dipole structures, the antenna realizes two poles within 3.29 GHz to 3.81 GHz, making the S11 parameter lower than -10 dB in this frequency band, achieving good antenna matching performance.

[0017] (3) In terms of omnidirectional radiation performance, since the radiation of the antenna unit comes from two omnidirectional dipole antennas, the array antenna also has excellent omnidirectional radiation performance. The non-circularity of the antenna radiation pattern at 3.5 GHz is less than 0.86 dB.

[0018] (4) In terms of antenna gain and efficiency, since the antenna unit uses three units to form an array for radiation, its peak gain reaches 8.43dBi. At the same time, since the antenna body is made of metal, the energy loss on the antenna is small, and it has a peak efficiency of 98.5% within the working frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the omnidirectional high-gain antenna of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 is the S11 parameter of the omnidirectional high-gain antenna of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the radiation pattern of the omnidirectional high-gain antenna of the present invention at 3.5 GHz.

[0022] Figure 4 Peak gain curve of the omnidirectional high-gain antenna of the present invention.

[0023] Among them, 1-air-filled coaxial line, 2-antenna unit, 3-nylon screw, 4-inner conductor, 5-coaxial interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0025] Example

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure, comprising a central air-filled coaxial line 1, a plurality of antenna units 2, and an inner conductor 4 of the air-filled coaxial line 1; each antenna unit 2 is a shell part of the air-filled coaxial line 1, extending and bending outward from the gap cut off by the shell to form a metal radiation sleeve structure with a radiation function; the gap of each antenna unit 2 is supported by a nylon screw 3; the inner conductor 4 is connected to the shell at the top of the coaxial line. Each antenna unit 2 is equidistantly arranged on the air-filled coaxial line 1, and when energy is input from the coaxial interface 5 at the bottom of the antenna, the energy is distributed to each antenna unit 2 and generates radiation. The slot on the air-filled coaxial line 1 and the horizontal part of the metal radiation sleeve form a magnetic dipole on the horizontal plane, and the slot on the air-filled coaxial line 1 and the vertical part of the metal radiation sleeve form a vertical electric dipole.

[0027] In this embodiment, the present invention provides an omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure. Figure 2 The N78 frequency band from 3.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz produces a stable omnidirectional high-gain radiation pattern with high efficiency. Figure 1 As shown, the antenna is a serially fed array antenna, which consists of a central air-filled coaxial line 1 and three new antenna units 2. Among them, the antenna unit 2 is a part of the outer shell of the air-filled coaxial line 1, extending and bending outward from the gap cut off from the outer shell to form a sleeve structure with radiation function. In addition, the gap of each antenna unit 2 is supported by three 3mm nylon screws 3. In addition, the inner conductor 4 of the air-filled coaxial line 1 is connected to the outer shell at the top of the coaxial line. Three identical antenna units 2 are arranged equidistantly on the air-filled coaxial line. When energy is input from the coaxial interface 5 at the bottom of the antenna, the energy is distributed to the three units and radiation is generated. Since each antenna unit has an omnidirectional radiation pattern and obtains the same phase excitation from the central air-filled coaxial line, the antenna as a whole can generate the following in the horizontal plane. Figure 3 The high-gain omnidirectional radiation pattern is shown.

[0028] In this embodiment, the present invention is composed of an air-filled coaxial line 1 with a short circuit at the terminal and a pair of bent metal radiation sleeves 2. Based on the principle of the traditional magneto-electric dipole structure, the slot on the air-filled coaxial line 1 and the horizontal part of the metal radiation sleeve form a magnetic dipole on the horizontal plane, while the vertical part of the metal radiation sleeve forms a vertical electric dipole. This pair of magnetic and electric dipole structures both have the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation, and when they are used simultaneously in the unit antenna, they will provide a wider working bandwidth and more stable omnidirectional radiation. Three 3mm screws 3 of nylon material are loaded on each antenna unit 2 to support the suspended part of the unit antenna. Then, the present invention arranges the three antenna units 2 equidistantly on the air-filled coaxial line 1 with a short circuit at the terminal, and uses the main mode TEM mode of the air-filled coaxial line 1 to excite the antenna unit 2. By controlling the distance between the short-circuit points and the relative positions between the antenna units 2, the standing wave mode in the air-filled coaxial line 1 can excite the three antenna units 2 in phase, thereby achieving the directional radiation effect of the array antenna. Since the omnidirectional radiation performance of the antenna unit 2 is shown in the horizontal plane, and the performance of the array antenna in improving directivity is shown in the vertical direction, the array antenna improves the final antenna gain without losing the omnidirectionality in the horizontal plane. Due to the introduction of the all-metal antenna unit 2 and the air-filled coaxial line 1, the antenna proposed by the present invention has almost no loss caused by the dielectric material, so that the design has excellent antenna efficiency, making the antenna Figure 4 The frequency band shown has a peak gain of more than 7.8dBi.

Claims

1. An omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure, characterized in that: It comprises a central air-filled coaxial line (1), a plurality of antenna units (2) and an inner conductor (4) of the air-filled coaxial line (1); Each antenna unit (2) is a shell part of the air-filled coaxial line (1), extending and bending outward from a gap cut off from the shell to form a metal radiation sleeve structure with a radiation function; The gap of each antenna unit (2) is supported by a nylon screw (3); the inner conductor (4) is connected to the outer shell at the top end of the air-filled coaxial line (1).

2. The omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna units (2) are arranged equidistantly on an air-filled coaxial line (1); when energy is input from a coaxial interface (5) at the bottom of the antenna, the energy is distributed to each antenna unit (2) and generates radiation.

3. The omnidirectional high-gain antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slots on the air-filled coaxial line (1) and the horizontal part of the metal radiation sleeve form a magnetic dipole on the horizontal plane, and the slots on the air-filled coaxial line (1) and the vertical part of the metal radiation sleeve form a vertical electric dipole.

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