Light-emitting element, polycyclic compound for same, and display device including same

Abstract

Provided are a light-emitting element, a polycyclic compound for the light-emitting element, and a display device including the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer includes a polycyclic compound, and may further include second to fourth compounds. The polycyclic compound has a pentacyclic core including an aromatic group fused to a heteroatom, and has a first substituent having a large steric hindrance attached to the core. The steric hindrance of the polycyclic compound may increase intermolecular distance and prevent or reduce intermolecular interactions that may hinder multiple resonance characteristics of the pentacyclic core.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0107200 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on August 16, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure herein relates to a light emitting element, a polycyclic compound used for the light emitting element, and a display device including the light emitting element. Background Art

[0003] As image display devices, organic electroluminescent display devices and the like have recently been actively developed. Organic electroluminescent display devices and the like are display devices including so-called "self-luminous" light-emitting elements, in which holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, are recombined in an emission layer of the display device. Subsequently, the light-emitting material in the emission layer (e.g., light-emitting layer) emits light to realize (e.g., complete) display (e.g., display of an image).

[0004] The application of light-emitting elements to display devices requires or desires or requires light-emitting elements with improved light efficiency and / or improved service life, etc. Therefore, there is a need for research and development of materials (e.g., materials for light-emitting elements) that can stably obtain such characteristics or expectations, and such development is ongoing.

[0005] In recent years, two research areas being developed to obtain highly efficient light-emitting elements include technologies for phosphorescent emission utilizing triplet energy and technologies for delayed fluorescence utilizing triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) (e.g., where singlet excitons are generated by collision of triplet excitons). Another research area being developed is thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials utilizing the delayed fluorescence phenomenon. Summary of the invention

[0006] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light emitting element having improved luminous efficiency and lifetime.

[0007] One or more aspects of an embodiment of the present disclosure relate to a polycyclic compound as a material for a light emitting element that improves luminous efficiency and lifetime.

[0008] One or more aspects of an embodiment of the present disclosure are directed to a display device including a light emitting element having improved light emitting efficiency and element lifespan.

[0009] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

[0010] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a light-emitting element including: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the emission layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1.

[0011] Formula 1

[0012]

[0013] In Formula 1, X can be NR 6 ,S,O or Se,R 1 To R 5 may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R 6 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In Formula 1, n1 may be an integer from 0 to 3, n2 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4, and n5 may be an integer from 0 to 9.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 2.

[0015] Formula 2

[0016]

[0017] In formula 2, R 11 , R 21 and R 31 may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 and n11 and n31 may be independently substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In Formula 2, n11 may be an integer from 0 to 2, n21 and n31 may be independently integers from 0 to 3, and X, R 4 and R 5 , n4 and n5 can be defined as in Formula 1.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 At least one of them can be located at the para position of the boron atom of Formula 2.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 3.

[0020] Formula 3

[0021]

[0022] In formula 3, R i1 , R i2 and R i3 may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms. In Formula 3, i1 may be an integer from 0 to 3, i2 may be an integer from 0 to 9, and i3 may be an integer from 0 to 5. In Formula 3, a and b may be independently an integer from 0 to 2, and a+b may be equal to 2 or 3, and R 1 To R 5 and n1 to n5 may be defined as in Formula 1.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 4.

[0024] Formula 4

[0025]

[0026] In formula 4, R 4a To R 4d At least one of (for example, selected from R 4a To R 4d At least one of 6a To R 6e At least two of (e.g., selected from R 6a To R 6e At least two of them) may be independently substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl. In Formula 4, R 4a To R 4d Any remaining groups (e.g., R 4a To R 4d Other groups in) and selected from R 6a To R 6e Any remaining groups (e.g., R 6a To R 6eThe other groups in ( ) may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 (e.g., 1 to 6) carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To R 3 , R 5 , n1 to n3 and n5 may be defined as in Formula 1.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, R 4a , R 6a and R 6e may be independently substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, and R 4b To R 4d and R 6b To R 6d Each of them may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, R 1 To R 3 and .sub.3, .sub.4, .sub.5, .sub.6, .sub.7, .sub.8, .sub.9, .sub.10, .sub.11, .sub.12, .sub.13, .sub.14, .sub.15, .sub.16, .sub.17, .sub.18, .sub.19, .sub.20, .sub.21,

[0029] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 1 1 To R 6 At least one of (for example, selected from R 1 To R 6 At least one of the above) may be a deuterium atom or a substituent including (eg, comprising) a deuterium atom.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may also include at least one of a second compound represented by formula HT-1, a third compound represented by formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by formula D-1 (for example, selected from at least one of the second compound represented by formula HT-1, the third compound represented by formula ET-1, and the fourth compound represented by formula D-1).

[0031] Formula HT-1

[0032]

[0033] In formula HT-1, A 1 To A 8 can be independently N or CR 51 , L 1It may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y a Can be direct key, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 ,Ar 1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R 51 To R 55 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0034] Formula ET-1

[0035]

[0036] In formula ET-1, X 1 To X 3 At least one of (e.g., selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of ) is N and is selected from X 1 To X 3 Any remaining groups (e.g., other X 1 To X 3 ) can be CR 56 , R 56 may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10, Ar 2 To Ar 4 and L may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and L 2 To L 4Each may independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0037] Formula D-1

[0038]

[0039] In formula D-1, Q 1 To Q 4 may be independently C or N, C1 to C4 may be independently substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon rings having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycles having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 Can be directly connected to the key, *——0—*——S—* a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 may all independently be 0 or 1, R 61 To R 66 Each of d1 to d4 may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and d1 to d4 may independently be an integer from 0 to 4.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one of compounds of a compound group 1 to be described later (eg, at least one selected from among compounds of a compound group 1 to be described later).

[0042] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be represented by Formula 1 described herein.

[0043] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device may include: a base layer; a circuit layer disposed on the base layer; and a display element layer disposed on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting element, wherein the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the emission layer includes a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 as described herein.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting element may further include a capping layer disposed on the second electrode.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the display device may further include a light control layer or a color filter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 is a plan view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0048] Figure 2 It is shown along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion taken along line II';

[0049] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0050] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0051] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0052] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0053] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0054] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0055] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0056] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0057] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments; and

[0058] Fig.12 is a view showing the interior of a vehicle in which the display device of one or more embodiments is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present disclosure can be modified in one or more suitable ways and has many forms, and therefore specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and substitutes falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0060] When explaining each of the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same elements, and repeated description thereof may not be provided. In the drawings, the size of each structure is exaggeratedly shown for clarity of the present disclosure.

[0061] It will be understood that, although the terms "first" and / or "second" etc. may be used herein to describe one or more suitable components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another component. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may be referred to as the first component. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "one (kind / person)" and "the (described)" are also intended to include plural forms.

[0062] In the present disclosure, it will be understood that the terms "include", "comprises" and / or "has" and the like indicate the presence of the features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts (parts) or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts (parts) or combinations thereof.

[0063] As used herein, the term "use" and variations thereof may be considered synonymous with the term "utilize" and variations thereof, respectively.

[0064] As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” “selected from,” and “selected from” when preceding / preceding a list of elements modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. For example, the expressions “at least one of a to c” and “at least one of a, b, and c” may mean only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., simultaneously), all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0065] The term "and / or" includes all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

[0066] For ease of description, terms such as "below", "above..." and / or "on" are used herein to describe the relationship of one element to another (additional) element as shown in the drawings. The terms are relative concepts and are described based on the directions indicated in the drawings. It will be understood that the terms have relative concepts and are described based on the orientations depicted in the drawings. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings, the spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, when the device in the drawings is turned over, an element described as "below" other elements or features will subsequently be positioned as "above" or "on" the other elements or features. Therefore, the term "below..." can be included in both orientations above and below. The device can be positioned otherwise (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0067] As used herein, the term "may" will be understood to refer to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure", some of which include the described elements (elements), and some of which exclude the elements (elements) and / or include alternative elements (elements). Similarly, alternative language such as "or" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure" that all include the corresponding listed items.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including chemical terms, technical terms, and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will also be understood that terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined as such herein.

[0069] As used herein, the phrase "consisting essentially of" means that any additional components will not substantially affect the chemical, physical, optical, or electrical properties of the semiconductor film.

[0070] As used herein, the phrase "on a plane" or "plan view" refers to viewing a target portion from the top, and the phrase "in section" refers to viewing a section formed by vertically cutting the target portion from the side.

[0071] In the present disclosure, "does not include one or any 'component'", "excludes one or any 'component'" and / or "does not contain a 'component'" and the like means that the "component" is not added, selected or used as a component in the composition, but due to other impurities and / or external factors, the "component" may still be included in an amount less than an appropriate amount.

[0072] definition

[0073] In the present application, when a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being "on" another layer, film, region or plate or "in the upper portion of" another layer, film, region or plate, it may not only be "directly on" the other layer, film, region or plate, but also there may be intervening layers, films, regions or plates. In contrast, when a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being "below" another layer, film, region or plate, "in the lower portion of" another layer, film, region or plate, it may not only be directly below the other layer, film, region or plate, but also there may be intervening layers, films, regions or plates. For example, it will be understood that when a part (component) is referred to as being "on" another part (component), it may be disposed above the other part (component), or it may also be disposed below the other part (component).

[0074] In the specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to being unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino (amine group), a silyl group, an oxy group, a sulfenyl group, a sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a boron group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphine sulfide group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydrocarbon ring group, an aryl group, and a heterocyclic group. For example, each of the substituents exemplified herein may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, a biphenyl group may be interpreted as an aryl group or a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0075] In the specification, the phrase "bonds to an adjacent group to form a ring" may refer to a group bonding to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The heterocyclic ring includes an aliphatic heterocyclic ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring may be monocyclic or polycyclic. For example, the ring formed by bonding to each other may be connected to another ring to form a spiro structure.

[0076] In the specification, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent that replaces an atom directly connected to an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, or a substituent that is spatially located at the closest position to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. For example, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0077] In the specification, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0078] In the specification, the alkyl group may be linear or branched. The carbon number of the alkyl group is 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl , n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heonicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl and / or n-triacontyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0079] In the specification, cycloalkyl may refer to a cyclic alkyl. The carbon number in the cycloalkyl is 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20 or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl and / or bicycloheptyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0080] In the specification, alkenyl refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl and / or styryl vinyl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0081] In the specification, alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be straight chain or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, it is 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Specific examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0082] In the specification, the hydrocarbon ring group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0083] In the specification, aryl refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, and / or Base, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0084] In the specification, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be combined with each other to form a spiro structure. Examples of substituted fluorenyl groups are as follows. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0085]

[0086] Heterocyclic groups herein refer to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, S, Si and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups can be heteroaryl groups. Aliphatic heterocyclic rings and aromatic heterocyclic rings can be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0087] In the specification, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se and S as a heteroatom. When the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group, and includes a heteroaryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10.

[0088] In the specification, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se, and S as a heteroatom. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include an oxirane group, an oxirane group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, a thiol group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, and / or a 1,4-dioxanyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0089] In the specification, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se and S as a heteroatom. When the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazine, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothirolyl and / or dibenzofuranyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0090] In the specification, the description of the aryl group may be applied to the arylene group except that the arylene group is a divalent group. The description of the heteroaryl group may be applied to the heteroarylene group except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.

[0091] In the specification, silyl includes alkylsilyl and arylsilyl. Examples of silyl may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl and / or phenylsilyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0092] In the specification, the number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0093]

[0094] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group and the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group.

[0095] In the specification, thio groups may include alkylthio groups and arylthio groups. A thio group may refer to a sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined herein. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, naphthylthio, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0096] In the specification, an oxy group may refer to an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group and an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be a straight chain, a branched chain or a ring. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy and / or benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0097] Boryl herein may refer to a boron atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein. Boryl includes alkyl boryl and aryl boryl. Examples of boryl may include dimethyl boryl, methyl boryl, tert-butyl methyl boryl, diphenyl boryl and / or phenyl boryl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0098] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the amine group is not particularly limited, but can be 1 to 30. The amine group may include an alkylamine group and an arylamine group. Examples of the amine group may include a methylamine group, a dimethylamine group, an aniline group, a diphenylamine group, a naphthylamine group and / or a 9-methyl-anthrylamine group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0099] In the specification, an alkyl group among an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkylaryl group, an alkylamino group, an alkylboryl group, an alkylsilyl group, and an alkylamine group is the same as the examples of the alkyl group described herein.

[0100] In the specification, the aryl group among the aryloxy group, the arylthio group, the arylsulfinyl group, the arylsulfonyl group, the arylamino group, the arylboryl group, the arylsilyl group and the arylamine group is the same as the examples of the aryl group described herein.

[0101] In the specification, a direct key may refer to a single key.

[0102] In the manual, and "-*" indicate where to link.

[0103] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0104] Display device

[0105] Figure 1 is a plan view showing one or more embodiments of a display device DD. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to the embodiment. Figure 2 It is shown along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion taken along line II'.

[0106] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP on a third direction axis DR3. The display panel DP includes light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected in the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments, unlike the configuration shown in the drawings, the optical layer PP may not be disposed in the display device DD of one or more embodiments.

[0107] The base substrate BL may be disposed on the optical layer PP. The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. For example, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0108] The display device DD according to one or more embodiments may further include a filling layer. The filling layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The filling layer may be an organic material layer. The filling layer may include at least one of an acrylic resin, a siloxane resin, and an epoxy resin (e.g., at least one selected from an acrylic resin, a siloxane resin, and an epoxy resin).

[0109] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, and a circuit layer DP-CL and a display element layer DP-ED disposed on the base layer BS. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining film PDL, light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between portions of the pixel defining film PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0110] The base layer BS may be a member providing a base surface on which the display element layer DP-ED is disposed. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each of the transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switch transistor and a drive transistor for driving the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0112] Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may have a configuration according to Figures 3 to 7 The structure of the light emitting element ED (for example, each light emitting element ED) of the embodiment. Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a layer selected from emission layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR and a second electrode EL2.

[0113] Figure 2 One or more embodiments are shown in which the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are disposed as a common layer in the entire light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and Figure 2Different from the configuration shown in , the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR in one or more embodiments can be set by being patterned inside the opening OH defined in the pixel definition film PDL. For example, the hole transport region HTR, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 in one or more embodiments can be set by being patterned by an inkjet printing method.

[0114] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be formed by stacking one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE includes at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-organic film) and at least one encapsulation-inorganic film.

[0115] The encapsulation-inorganic film protects the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulation-organic film protects the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 from foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulation-inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, and / or aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The encapsulation-organic film may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. The encapsulation-organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto.

[0116] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 , and may be disposed to fill the opening OH.

[0117] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the display device DD may include one or more non-light emitting regions NPXA and also include light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be regions in which light generated by the corresponding light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced and / or separated from each other on a plane (e.g., in a plan view).

[0118] Each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region divided (i.e., defined) by a pixel defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA may be a region corresponding to the pixel defining film PDL between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In some embodiments, in the specification, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may correspond to pixels, respectively. The pixel defining film PDL may divide the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be disposed in an opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL and separated from each other.

[0119] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be divided (eg, defined) into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the display device DD of one or more embodiments shown in , three light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that emit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, are exemplarily shown. For example, the display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light emitting region PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0120] In the display device DD according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelengths from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light emitting element ED-1 emitting red light, a second light emitting element ED-2 emitting green light, and a third light emitting element ED-3 emitting blue light. For example, a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light emitting region PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0121] However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams in substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light beams in a wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the other light-emitting elements. For example, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0122] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may be arranged in a stripe form. Figure 1, a plurality of red light emitting regions PXA-R may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, a plurality of green light emitting regions PXA-G may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, and a plurality of blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2. For example, the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged alternately with each other in this order along the first direction axis DR1.

[0123] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is shown that all the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have similar areas, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other according to the wavelength range of the emitted light. In this case, the areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the areas when viewed on a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0124] In some embodiments, the arrangement of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 , and according to the characteristics of the display quality required in the display device DD, the sequence in which the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light emitting area PXA-B are arranged can be provided in one or more suitable combinations. For example, the arrangement form of the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be pentile Layout or diamond )Layout( and Diamond is a registered trademark owned by Samsung Display Co., Ltd.).

[0125] For example, the areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the green light emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0126] In the following, Figures 3 to 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments. The light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence.

[0127] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and a light emitting auxiliary layer EAL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 4 compared to, Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is shown, the light emitting element ED including a cover layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2.

[0128] The first electrode EL1 has conductivity (e.g., is a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may include a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound (e.g., formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound). The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more thereof, a mixture selected from two or more thereof, and / or an oxide thereof.

[0129] When the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). When the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacking structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacking structure of LiF and Al). In some embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transflective film including (e.g., formed of) the materials described herein and a transparent conductive film including (e.g., formed of) ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first electrode EL1 may include the metal material described herein, a combination of at least two of the metal materials described herein, and / or an oxide of the metal material described herein, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 700 angstroms. to about For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about to about

[0130] The hole transport region HTR is disposed on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a light emitting auxiliary layer EAL, and an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about 100 Å. to about The emission auxiliary layer EAL may also be referred to as a buffer layer.

[0131] The hole transport region HTR may have a single layer including (eg, formed of) a single material, a single layer including (eg, formed of) a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including (eg, formed of) a plurality of layers including (eg, formed of) a plurality of different materials.

[0132] For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single layer structure including a hole injection material and a hole transport material (e.g., formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material). For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single layer structure including a plurality of different materials (e.g., formed of a plurality of different materials) or a structure in which hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / luminescence auxiliary layer EAL, hole injection layer HIL / luminescence auxiliary layer EAL, hole transport layer HTL / luminescence auxiliary layer EAL, hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL, or hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / luminescence auxiliary layer EAL are stacked in sequence from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0133] The hole transport region HTR may be formed using one or more suitable methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0134] The hole transport region HTR may include a compound represented by Formula H-1:

[0135] Formula H-1

[0136]

[0137] In formula H-1, L 1 and L 2 L and L may be independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. a and b may be independently an integer from 0 to 10. In some embodiments, when a or b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L 1 or multiple L 2 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0138] In formula H-1, Ar 1 and Ar 2 and Ar may be independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0139] The compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be wherein Ar 1 To Ar 3 At least one of the diamine compounds includes an amine group as a substituent. For example, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be 1 and Ar 2 A carbazole compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group in at least one of the following: 1 and Ar 2 A fluorene compound in which at least one of the compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0140] The compound represented by Formula H-1 may be represented by any one selected from the compounds in Compound Group H. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group H are only examples, and the compound represented by Formula H-1 is not limited to the compounds represented by Compound Group H:

[0141] Compound Group H

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] The hole transport region HTR may include a phthalocyanine compound (such as copper phthalocyanine), N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -dimethylphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tri[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PAN I / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyetherketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate] and / or dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0145] The hole transport region HTR may include a carbazole derivative (such as N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole), a fluorene derivative, a triphenylamine derivative (such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) or 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA)), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylene-bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and / or 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), etc.

[0146] For example, the hole transport region HTR may include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9′-bicarbazole (CCP), and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), or the like.

[0147] The hole transport region HTR may include the compound of the hole transport region HTR described herein in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, the emission auxiliary layer EAL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0148] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be about to about (For example, about to about ). When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL may have, for example, about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may have a thickness of about to about For example, when the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL, the electron blocking layer EBL may have a thickness of about to about When the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the ranges described herein, satisfactory hole transport properties may be achieved without significantly increasing driving voltage.

[0149] In addition to the materials described herein, the hole transport region HTR may further include a charge generating material to increase conductivity. The charge generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of a halogenated metal compound, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano compound, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the p-dopant may include a halogenated metal compound (such as CuI or RbI), a quinone derivative (such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 -TCNQ)), metal oxides (such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide), cyano compounds (such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN) and / or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9)), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0150] As described herein, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of a light-emitting auxiliary layer EAL and an electron blocking layer EBL. The light-emitting auxiliary layer EAL may compensate for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer EML, and thus the luminous efficiency may be increased. For example, the light-emitting auxiliary layer EAL may also be used to prevent electrons from being injected into the hole transport region HTR. The material that may be included in the hole transport region HTR may be used as the material included in the light-emitting auxiliary layer EAL. The electron blocking layer EBL is a layer for preventing electrons from being injected from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0151] In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a first compound and at least one of a second compound and a third compound. For example, in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a fourth compound. The second compound may include a fused ring of three rings including nitrogen atoms as ring-forming atoms. The third compound may include a hexagonal ring group including at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-forming atom. The fourth compound may include an organic metal complex. The second compound to the fourth compound are described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0152] Polycyclic compounds

[0153] Here, the first compound can be referred to as the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments. The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments includes a 5-ring fused ring containing a nitrogen (N) atom, a heteroatom and a boron (B) atom as a ring-forming atom as a central structure. Here, the central structure of the 5-ring fused ring can be referred to as a "core". For example, the heteroatom included in the core can be a nitrogen (N) atom, a sulfur (S) atom, an oxygen (O) atom or a selenium (Se) atom.

[0154] The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may include a structure in which the first aromatic ring to the third aromatic ring are fused by the first nitrogen atom, the first heteroatom and the boron atom. The first aromatic ring may be connected to each (e.g., all) of the first nitrogen atom, the first heteroatom and the boron atom. The second aromatic ring may be connected to the first aromatic ring by a boron atom and the first nitrogen atom. The first aromatic ring may be connected to the third aromatic ring by a boron atom and the first heteroatom. For example, the first aromatic ring to the third aromatic ring may all be connected to a boron atom.

[0155] In one or more embodiments of the polycyclic compound, the portion of the core where the nitrogen atom is located can be a site with high electron density. Therefore, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments can include a first substituent connected to the first nitrogen atom of the core to protect the core and inhibit Dexter energy transfer. For example, when the core contains two nitrogen atoms as ring atoms, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments can include not only a first substituent connected to the first nitrogen atom of the core, but also a second substituent connected to the second nitrogen atom of the core.

[0156] The first substituent may include a phenanthrene moiety. The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments includes a phenanthrene moiety as a first substituent, and therefore can better protect the core showing multiple resonance characteristics and reduce exciton decay to other (e.g., energy) paths (e.g., subpaths), thereby contributing to improving the efficiency of light-emitting element ED. For example, the first substituent may be connected to the first nitrogen atom of the core by a first linking group. In one or more embodiments, the first linking group may include a benzene moiety. For example, the first linking group may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene linking group.

[0157] The light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments. The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be represented by Formula 1. In the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, R 1 The benzene ring connected thereto may correspond to the first aromatic ring described herein, R 2 The benzene ring connected thereto may correspond to the second aromatic ring described herein, R 3 The benzene ring connected thereto may correspond to the third aromatic ring described herein.

[0158] Formula 1

[0159]

[0160] In Formula 1, X can be NR 6 , S, O or Se. For example, X can be NR 6 When X is NR in the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments 6 When the steric hindrance effect in which other materials are almost inaccessible to the core can be greater. Therefore, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments can maximize the suppression of Dexter energy transfer and can further improve the material stability in the light-emitting element ED.

[0161] In formula 1, R 1 To R 5 They may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0162] For example, R 1 To R 3 and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To R 3 and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dihydroacridinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted xanthene groups, substituted or unsubstituted phenoxazinyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted indolocarbazolyl groups. 1 To R 3 When each is substituted by a different substituent, R 1 To R 3 may be substituted by a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. 1 To R 3 Each may be independently substituted with a deuterium atom, a cyano group, an unsubstituted methyl group, an unsubstituted tert-butyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group and / or an unsubstituted biphenyl group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0163] In one or more embodiments, R 1 To R 3 Each may be independently represented by a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or any one of substituents selected from Substituent Group 1.

[0164] Substituent Group 1

[0165]

[0166]

[0167] For example, R 4 and R 5 and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 4 It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group. In one or more embodiments, R 5 It may be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0168] In formula 1, R 6 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 6 It may be a substituted biphenyl group. 6 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, or a biphenyl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group.

[0169] In Formula 1, n1 may be an integer from 0 to 3. n2 to n4 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4. n5 may be an integer from 0 to 9. When n1 to n5 are all 0, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 Each substitution in. The case where n1 is 0 can be replaced by n1 being 3 and 3 R 1 For example, the case where n2 to n4 are all 0 can be the same as the case where n2 to n4 are 4 and are provided in groups of four. 2 To R 4 The same is true for the case where all (for example, all) are hydrogen atoms. The case where n5 is 0 can be the same as the case where n5 is 9 and 9 R 5The same is true when all (for example, all) are hydrogen atoms. When n1 to n5 are all integers of 2 or more, a plurality of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 They may all (eg, all) be the same, or at least one may be different from the others.

[0170] For example, when n1 is 3, R bound to the first aromatic ring and located (for example) in the para position to the boron atom of the core 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and the other two R bonded to the first aromatic ring are 1 All (eg, all) of the R atoms may be hydrogen atoms or deuterium atoms. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substituted R atoms may be selected according to one or more embodiments of the polycyclic compound. 1 the number and type of

[0171] For example, when n2 and n3 are both 4, one R bonded to the second aromatic ring and the third aromatic ring and located at the para or meta position of the boron atom of the nucleus (eg, 2 and an R 3 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. The other three R connected to the second aromatic ring 2 and the other three R connected to the third aromatic ring 3 All (eg, all) of the R atoms substituted in the second aromatic ring and the third aromatic ring may be hydrogen atoms or deuterium atoms. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the R atoms substituted in the second aromatic ring and the third aromatic ring may be selected according to one or more embodiments of the polycyclic compound. 2 and R 3 the number and type of

[0172] In one or more embodiments, n1+n2+n3≠0 may apply (ie, the sum of n1+n2+n3 may not be zero), and R 1 To R 3 At least one of may not be a hydrogen atom. For example, in the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, R substituted in the first to third aromatic rings 1 To R 3 At least one of (for example, selected from R substituted in the first to third aromatic rings 1 To R 3At least one of R 1 To R 3 Can be set to multiple, and set to multiple R 1 To R 3 At least one of (for example, selected from a plurality of R 1 To R 3 At least one of them) may not be a hydrogen atom.

[0173] In one or more embodiments of the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by (eg, substituted with) a deuterium atom. In one or more embodiments, R 1 To R 6 At least one hydrogen atom (e.g., selected from R in Formula 1 1 To R 6 At least one hydrogen atom in the molecule may be substituted with a deuterium atom. For example, R 1 To R 6 At least one of (for example, selected from R 1 To R 6 At least one of the above) may be a deuterium atom or a substituent containing a deuterium atom.

[0174] In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, at least one substituent that is not (e.g., replaces) a hydrogen atom may be included in (e.g., introduced into) the first to third aromatic rings. In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, when at least one substituent is included in (e.g., introduced into) each of the first to third aromatic rings, the boron atom of the core may be better protected, and therefore, the polycyclic compound may have improved material stability.

[0175] The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 2. Formula 2 shows a structure in which each of the first to third aromatic rings is substituted by a substituent as an example. In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the first substituent can be connected to the nitrogen atom of the core through the first linking group, and the substituent can be connected to the first to third aromatic rings, thereby producing a steric hindrance effect in which other materials are almost inaccessible to the core. Therefore, in the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the effect of protecting the core can be maximized.

[0176] For example, the boron atom included in the core may lack electrons (e.g., have an electron-deficient property) due to an empty p orbital, and thus may be easily bonded to other nucleophiles or degradation products (e.g., free radicals, etc.) in the element. When the boron atom forms a bond with other nucleophiles or degradation products, the boron atom having a triangular planar binding structure in the core portion of the polycyclic compound may be converted (e.g., transformed) into a boron atom having a tetrahedral binding structure (e.g., which may cause element degradation). In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the first substituent may be connected to the nitrogen atom of the core portion through the first linking group, and a substituent that can provide a steric hindrance effect may be connected to each of the first aromatic ring to the third aromatic ring, and therefore, the empty p orbital of the boron atom may be effectively protected to prevent degradation caused by structural deformation of the material.

[0177] Formula 2

[0178]

[0179] In Formula 2, the same description as in Formula 1 can also be applied to X, R 4 and R 5 , n4 and n5.

[0180] In formula 2, R 11 , R 21 and R 31 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, cyano groups, substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 , R 21 and R 31 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0181] In Formula 2, n11 may be an integer from 0 to 2, and n21 and n31 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3. In Formula 2, when n11, n21, and n31 are all 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be R 11 , R 21 and R 31 The case where n21 and n31 are both 0 can be replaced by n21 and n31 are both 3 and both are set to multiple R 21 To R 31 The same is true for the case where all are hydrogen atoms. When n11, n21, and n31 are all 2 or greater, multiple R 11 , R 21 and R 31 They may all (eg, all) be the same, or at least one may be different from the others.

[0182] In formula 2, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 Each of them may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 12 , R 22 and R 32 may be independently substituted or unsubstituted amine, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dihydroacridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted xanthene, substituted or unsubstituted phenoxazinyl or substituted or unsubstituted indolocarbazolyl. 12 , R 22 and R 32 When both are replaced, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 may be substituted by a deuterium atom, a cyano group, an unsubstituted methyl group, an unsubstituted tert-butyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group and / or an unsubstituted biphenyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 Each may be independently represented by any one of the substituents selected from Substituent Group 1.

[0183] In one or more embodiments, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 At least one of may be located in the para position relative to the boron atom of the core. 12 may be attached to the first aromatic ring and (eg, in) a para position relative to the boron atom of the core. 22 may be connected to a second aromatic ring so as to be located in the para position relative to the boron atom of the core, and R 32 It may be connected to the third aromatic ring to be located at the para position of the boron atom of the core. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and R 22 and R 32 Both may be bonded to the second aromatic ring and the third aromatic ring to be located at a meta position to the boron atom of the core.

[0184] In one or more embodiments, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 includes a structure in which the first aromatic ring to the third aromatic ring are fused by two nitrogen atoms and one boron atom, and can be represented by Formula 3. The polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 may include a structure in which the first substituent is connected to the first nitrogen atom of the core by a first connecting group and the substituted or unsubstituted phenyl and / or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl may be connected to the second nitrogen atom of the core by a second connecting group. The second connecting group may include a benzene moiety (e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene). The polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 may appropriately (e.g., effectively) protect the boron atom of the core, and therefore may have improved chemical stability.

[0185] Formula 3

[0186]

[0187] In Formula 3, a and b may be independently integers of 0 to 2, and a+b may be equal to 2 or 3. For example, when a is 2 and b is 0, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 may include a structure in which at least two substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups are connected to the second nitrogen atom via a second linking group. Therefore, in the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3, a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group may be connected to the second nitrogen atom. When a is 1 and b is 1, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 may include at least one substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and at least one substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group connected to the second nitrogen atom via a second linking group. When a is 0 and b is 2, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 3 may include two substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl groups connected to the second nitrogen atom via a second linking group. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a may be 1 and b may be 2, or a may be 2 and b may be 3.

[0188] In formula 3, R i1 , R i2 and R i3 and R and R are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms. i1 and R i3 R may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an unsubstituted tert-butyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group. i2 It can be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0189] In Formula 3, i1 may be an integer from 0 to 3, i2 may be an integer from 0 to 9, and i3 may be an integer from 0 to 5. In Formula 3, when i1, i2, and i3 are all 0, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may not be R i1 , R i2 and R i3Each substitution in (for example, R i1 , R i2 and R i3 The case where i1 is 0 can be compared with i1 being 3 and 3 R i1 The same is true for the case where all R atoms are hydrogen atoms. i2 The same is true for the case where all R atoms are hydrogen atoms. i3 The same is true for the case where all are hydrogen atoms. When i1, i2, and i3 are all 2 or greater, multiple R i1 , R i2 and R i3 can be the same, or R i1 , R i2 and R i3 At least one of may be different from the others.

[0190] In formula 3, R 1 To R 5 and n1 to n5 may be defined as in Formula 1.

[0191] In one or more embodiments, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 4. In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 4, the first substituent can be connected to the carbon of the first connecting group including (e.g., constituting) a phenylene group relative to the carbon of the ortho position of the carbon atom connected to the first nitrogen atom. Therefore, the first substituent can be connected to the first connecting group and (e.g., with) the ortho position of the first nitrogen atom located in the core. For example, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may include at least one phenyl or phenanthrene group connected to the first nitrogen atom by a first connecting group of a phenylene group, and may include at least two phenyl or phenanthrene groups connected to the second nitrogen atom by a second connecting group of a phenylene group.

[0192] Formula 4

[0193]

[0194] In formula 4, R 4a To R 4d At least one of may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl. 4a To R 4d Any remaining groups (e.g., other R 4a To R 4d ) may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 4a To R 4dAny one of them may be unsubstituted phenyl, unsubstituted biphenyl or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl. In this case, R 4a To R 4d The other three of them may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or an unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0195] In formula 4, R 6a To R 6e At least two of (e.g., selected from R 6a To R 6e At least two of the above) may be substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl. 6a To R 6e Any remaining groups (e.g., other R 6a To R 6e ) may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 6a To R 6e Two of (for example, selected from R 6a To R 6e Two of R ) may both be substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or may both be substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl. 6a To R 6e Two of (for example, selected from R 6a To R 6e Two of the groups) may each be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group. 6a To R 6e The other three of them may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group.

[0196] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 4 4a , R 6a and R 6e Can be substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl independently.Therefore, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments represented by Formula 4 can include substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl connected to the first linking group to be located at the ortho position of the first nitrogen atom and substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl connected to the second linking group to be located at the ortho position of the second nitrogen atom.

[0197] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 4, R 4b To R 4d and R 6b To R 6dand R and R are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 4b To R 4d R may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or an unsubstituted tert-butyl group. 6b To R 6d Each of them may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an unsubstituted tert-butyl group, an unsubstituted phenyl group or an unsubstituted phenanthryl group.

[0198] In formula 4, R 1 To R 3 , R 5 , n1 to n3 and n5 may be defined as in Formula 1.

[0199] The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be represented by any one of the compounds selected from compound group 1. The light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include at least one of the compounds selected from compound group 1. In compound group 1, D is a deuterium atom.

[0200] Compound Group 1

[0201]

[0202]

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207]

[0208]

[0209]

[0210]

[0211]

[0212]

[0213]

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217] However, in compound group 1, D is a deuterium atom.

[0218] The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments includes at least one phenanthrene group connected to a nitrogen atom of a core through a phenylene linker, and thus may contribute to achieving high luminous efficiency and long lifetime of the light emitting element ED.

[0219] In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the steric hindrance effect caused by the phenanthrene radical can suppress the intermolecular interaction to control the aggregation, exciplex formation or exciplex formation, resulting in greater luminous efficiency. The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments has a large structure, and therefore can reduce the Dexter energy transfer by increasing (e.g., widening) the distance between molecules. Therefore, the increase of the concentration of triplet excitons in the polycyclic compound can be reduced or prevented. The high concentration of triplet excitons maintains an excited state for a long period of time, and therefore may cause the compound to decompose, and may induce the thermal excitons with high energy produced by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) to cause the surrounding compound structure to collapse. For example, triplet-triplet annihilation is a bimolecular reaction of triplet excitons for luminescence that is rapidly quenched, and therefore may cause the luminous efficiency to decrease due to non-radiative transitions. In one or more embodiments of the polycyclic compound, the core is effectively protected by the phenanthrene radical, and the intermolecular distance increases to suppress the Dexter energy transfer, therefore, the service life degradation caused by the increase of triplet concentration can be suppressed. Therefore, when the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is applied to the emission layer EML of the light emitting element ED, the light emitting efficiency can be increased and the element lifespan can also be improved.

[0220] For example, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments has a characteristic that the energy level of the higher triplet state (Tn) is lower than the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1) or surrounds the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1) (e.g., piled up around the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1)) to cause fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), and thus can exhibit long service life and improved luminous efficiency. For example, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is converted (e.g., transformed) to the lowest singlet state (S1) via the second triplet state (T2) or the third triplet state (T3) during reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). For example, in the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, RISC transitions along the path of the lowest triplet state-the second triplet state-the lowest singlet state (T1-T2-S1) and / or the lowest triplet state-the second triplet state-the third triplet state-the lowest singlet state (T1-T2-T3-S1) can be achieved. The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may exhibit a characteristic in which the energy level of the second triplet state (T2) is lower than the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1) and the energy level of the third triplet state (T3) is lower than the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1) or is close to the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1), thereby promoting RISC acceleration. For example, in the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the energy level difference (ΔT2-T1) between the second triplet state (T2) and the lowest triplet state (T1) may be less than a very small 0.1 eV, and the energy level of the fourth triplet state (T4) may also be close to the energy level of the lowest singlet state (S1) (e.g., to allow the fourth triplet state (T4) to interact with the lowest singlet state (S1)). Therefore, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may exhibit fast RISC, and the light-emitting element ED containing the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments as a light-emitting material may have a significantly reduced concentration of the lowest triplet state (T1) in the light-emitting element ED to provide an improved service life.

[0221] Here, the energy level of the second triplet state (T2) represents the second lowest triplet energy level, and the energy level of the third triplet state (T3) represents the third lowest triplet energy level. For example, the energy level of the fourth triplet state (T4) represents the fourth lowest triplet energy level.

[0222] In the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, the emission spectrum may have a half-maximum full width of about 10 nanometers (nm) to about 50nm or about 20nm to about 40nm. The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure has a half-maximum full width within the described range, and therefore can exhibit excellent optical properties. For example, when the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments is used as a dopant material for a light-emitting element ED, the light-emitting element ED can have improved luminous efficiency and service life.

[0223] The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be used as a delayed fluorescence material. For example, the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material.

[0224] In the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may be a delayed fluorescence emission layer including a host and a dopant. More specifically, the emission layer EML may emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) light. The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0225] For example, the emission layer EML of the light emitting element ED may emit blue light. For example, the emission layer EML of the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may emit blue light in a wavelength range of about 490 nm or less. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission layer EML may emit green light or red light.

[0226] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a first compound represented by Formula 1, and may further include at least one of a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1.

[0227] In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be used as a hole transport host material of the emission layer EML.

[0228] Formula HT-1

[0229]

[0230] In formula HT-1, A 1 To A 8 can be independently N or CR 51 For example, A 1 To A 8 Each (eg, all) of may be CR 51 In some embodiments, selected from A 1 To A 8 Any one (e.g., one) or at least one (e.g., one or more) of them may be N, and is selected from A 1 To A 8 The remaining groups (eg, the remaining groups or all the remaining groups) may be CR 51 .

[0231] In formula HT-1, L 1 It may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1It may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0232] In formula HT-1, Y a Can be direct key, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 For example, it may refer to two benzene rings connected to the nitrogen atom in formula HT-1 via a direct bond, In formula HT-1, when Y a When it is a direct bond, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0233] In formula HT-1, Ar 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0234] In formula HT-1, R 51 To R 55 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted oxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, substituted or unsubstituted boron groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R 51 To R 55 Each of R may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. 51 To R 55 R may each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. 51 To R 55 Each may independently be an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0235] In one or more embodiments, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 may be represented by any one selected from among the compounds represented by Compound Group 2. The emission layer EML may include at least one selected from among the compounds represented by Compound Group 2 as a hole transport host material.

[0236] Compound Group 2

[0237]

[0238]

[0239]

[0240]

[0241] In the example compounds presented in compound group 2, "D" may refer to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" may refer to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in the example compounds presented in compound group 2, "Ph" may refer to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0242] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a third compound represented by Formula ET-1. For example, the third compound may be used as an electron transport host material for the emission layer EML.

[0243] Formula ET-1

[0244]

[0245] In formula ET-1, selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N, and the remaining groups (e.g., selected from X 1 To X 3 Any remaining groups in 56 For example, X 1 To X 3 Any one of them may be N, and the remaining groups may all independently be CR 56 In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In some embodiments, the compound selected from X 1 To X 3 Two of them may be N, and the remaining group (e.g., selected from X 1 To X 3 Any remaining groups in 56 In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In some embodiments, X 1 To X 3 All (eg, all) may be N. In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0246] In formula ET-1, R 56It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0247] In Formula ET-1, b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10.

[0248] In formula ET-1, Ar 2 To Ar 4 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 2 To Ar 4 Each of them independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0249] In formula ET-1, L 2 To L 4 and L are independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when b1 to b3 are integers of 2 or greater, L 2 To L 4 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0250] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be represented by any one (eg, one) of the compounds selected from compound group 3. The light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include at least one (eg, one or more) of the compounds selected from compound group 3.

[0251] Compound Group 3

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] In the example compounds presented in compound group 3, "D" refers to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0255] The emission layer EML may include a second compound and a third compound, and the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex. In the emission layer EML, the exciplex may be formed by a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In this case, the triplet energy of the exciplex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host may correspond to the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transport host and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole transport host.

[0256] For example, the absolute value of the triplet energy (T1) of the exciplex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host can be about 2.4 electron volts (eV) to about 3.0 eV. For example, the triplet energy of the exciplex can be a value less than the energy gap of each host material. The exciplex can have a triplet energy of about 3.0 eV (which is the energy gap of each of the hole transport host and the electron transport host) or less.

[0257] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a fourth compound in addition to the first to third compounds described herein. The fourth compound may be used as a phosphorescence sensitizer of the emission layer EML. Energy may be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, thereby emitting light.

[0258] For example, the emission layer EML may include an organic metal complex as the fourth compound, the organic metal complex including platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and a ligand connected to the central metal atom. The emission layer EML in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a compound represented by Formula D-1 as the fourth compound:

[0259] Formula D-1

[0260]

[0261] In formula D-1, Q 1 To Q 4 Each of them may independently be C or N. In formula D-1, C1 to C4 may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0262] In formula D-1, L 11 To L 13 Can be directly connected, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 To L 13 In the figure, “-*” refers to the part connected to C1 to C4.

[0263] In formula D-1, b1 to b3 may be independently 0 or 1. When b1 is 0, C1 and C2 may not be connected to each other. When b2 is 0, C2 and C3 may not be connected to each other. When b3 is 0, C3 and C4 may not be connected to each other.

[0264] In formula D-1, R 61 To R 66 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted oxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, substituted or unsubstituted boron groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R 61 To R 66 Each of R may optionally bind to an adjacent group to form a ring. 61 To R 66 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0265] In Formula D-1, d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4. In Formula D-1, when each of d1 to d4 is 0, the fourth compound may not be R 61 To R 64 Each of d1 to d4 is 4 and R 61 To R 64 The case where all R atoms are hydrogen atoms may be the same as the case where each of d1 to d4 is 0. When each of d1 to d4 is an integer of 2 or more, the plurality of R atoms may be hydrogen atoms. 61 To R 64 Can be the same, or multiple R 61 To R 64 At least one of the groups may be different from the other groups.

[0266] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring represented by any one selected from C-1 to C-4:

[0267]

[0268] In C-1 to C-4, P 1 Can be C-* or CR 74 , P 2 Can be N-* or NR 81 , P 3 Can be N-* or NR 82 , and P 4 Can be C-* or CR 88 . R 71 To R 88 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and may optionally bind to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0269] For example, in C-1 to C-4, corresponds to the part connected to Pt as the central metal atom, and "-*" corresponds to the part connected to the adjacent ring groups C1 to C4 or the linking group L 11 To L 13 part.

[0270] The emission layer EML of one or more embodiments may include at least one of the second compound to the fourth compound and the first compound as a condensed polycyclic compound. For example, the emission layer EML may include the first compound, the second compound and the third compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and energy may be transferred from the exciplex to the first compound, thereby emitting light.

[0271] For example, the emission layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and energy may be transferred from the exciplex to the fourth compound and the first compound, thereby emitting light. In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound may be a sensitizer. The fourth compound in the emission layer EML included in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may be used as a sensitizer to transfer energy from the host to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant. For example, the fourth compound used as an auxiliary dopant accelerates the energy transfer to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant, thereby increasing the emissivity of the first compound. Therefore, the emission layer EML of one or more embodiments may improve the luminous efficiency. For example, when the energy transfer to the first compound increases, the excitons formed in the emission layer EML are not accumulated inside the emission layer EML and emit light quickly, so the degradation of the light-emitting element ED may be reduced. Therefore, the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may have an increased service life.

[0272] The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, and the emission layer EML may therefore include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML includes the second compound and the third compound as two different hosts, the first compound emitting delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound including an organic metal complex, and therefore can exhibit excellent or suitable luminous efficiency.

[0273] In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound represented by Formula D-1 may be represented by any one (e.g., one) selected from the compounds represented by Compound Group 4. The emission layer EML may include at least one (e.g., one or more) selected from the compounds represented by Compound Group 4 as a sensitizer material.

[0274] Compound Group 4

[0275]

[0276]

[0277] In the example compounds presented in Compound Group 4, "D" refers to a deuterium atom.

[0278] When the emission layer EML in the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments includes each (e.g., all) of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound, the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound may be about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound satisfies the ratio described herein, the energy transfer from the second compound and the third compound to the first compound may be increased, and thus the luminous efficiency and the device lifespan may be increased.

[0279] The content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound in the emission layer EML may be the remaining weight (e.g., of the total weight of the emission layer EML) except for the weight of the first compound. For example, the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound in the emission layer EML may be about 95 wt % to about 99.9 wt % relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound.

[0280] A weight ratio of the second compound to the third compound may be about 3:7 to about 7:3 in the total weight of the second compound and the third compound.

[0281] When the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound satisfies the ratio described herein, the charge balance characteristics in the emission layer EML are improved, so the luminous efficiency and the device life can be increased. When the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound deviates from the ratio range described herein, the charge balance in the emission layer EML is destroyed, so the luminous efficiency may be reduced and the light-emitting element ED may be easily degraded.

[0282] When the emission layer EML includes a fourth compound, the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound in the emission layer EML may be about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. The content of the second compound and the third compound in the emission layer EML may be about 65 wt% to about 95 wt% relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound satisfies the content (e.g., amount) described herein, the energy transfer from the host to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant can be increased, thereby improving the luminous ratio, and thus improving the luminous efficiency of the emission layer EML. When the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound included in the emission layer EML meet the content (e.g., amount) ratio range described herein, excellent or suitable luminous efficiency and long service life can be achieved.

[0283] The emission layer EML may have a thickness of, for example, about to about or about to about The emission layer EML may have a single layer including a single material (eg, formed of a single material), a single layer including a plurality of different materials (eg, formed of a plurality of different materials), or a multilayer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials (eg, formed of a plurality of different materials).

[0284] exist Figures 3 to 7 In the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments shown in , the emission layer EML may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments described herein as a dopant. Figures 3 to 7 In the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments shown in , the emission layer EML may include a first compound that is a polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of a second compound represented by Formula HT-1 and a third compound represented by Formula ET-1. For example, in Figures 3 to 7 In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments shown in , the emission layer EML may include a first compound as a polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments, a second compound represented by formula HT-1, a third compound represented by formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by formula D-1.

[0285] In the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include an anthracene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a fluoranthene derivative, Derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives or benzo[9,10]phenanthrene derivatives. For example, the emission layer EML may include anthracene derivatives or pyrene derivatives.

[0286] exist Figures 3 to 7 In each light-emitting element ED of the embodiment shown in , in addition to the host and dopant described herein, the emission layer EML may further include a suitable host and dopant, for example, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 may be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0287] Formula E-1

[0288]

[0289] In formula E-1, R 31 To R 40may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In some embodiments, R 31 To R 40 It may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring, or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0290] In Formula E-1, c and d may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5.

[0291] Formula E-1 can be represented by any one selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19:

[0292]

[0293]

[0294] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0295] Formula E-2a

[0296]

[0297] In Formula E-2a, a may be an integer from 0 to 10, L a It can be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when a is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple L a Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0298] For example, in formula E-2a, A 1 To A 5 can be independently N or CR i . R a To R iEach of them may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. a To R i It may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring containing N, O and / or S etc. as ring-constituting atoms.

[0299] In some embodiments, in Formula E-2a, selected from A 1 To A 5 Two or three of them may be N, and the remaining groups (i.e., selected from A 1 To A 5 Any remaining groups in i .

[0300] Formula E-2b

[0301]

[0302] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazolyl group or a carbazolyl group substituted with an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. b It may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, b may be an integer from 0 to 10, and when b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L b Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0303] The compound represented by formula E-2a or formula E-2b can be represented by any one of the compounds selected from compound group E-2. However, the compounds listed in compound group E-2 are exemplary, and the compound represented by formula E-2a or formula E-2b is not limited to the compounds represented in compound group E-2.

[0304] Compound Group E-2

[0305]

[0306]

[0307] The emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula Ma. The compound represented by Formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0308] Formula Ma

[0309]

[0310] In formula Ma, Y 1 To Y 4 and Z 1 To Z 4 Can be CR independently 1 or N, R 1 To R 4 Can be each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and optionally can be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In formula Ma, m is 0 or 1, and n is 2 or 3. In formula Ma, when m is 0, n is 3, and when m is 1, n is 2.

[0311] The compound represented by the formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0312] The compound represented by the formula Ma may be represented by any one of the compounds M-a1 to M-a25. However, the compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are examples, and the compound represented by the formula Ma is not limited to the compounds represented by the compounds M-a1 to M-a25.

[0313]

[0314]

[0315] The emission layer EML may include a compound represented by any one selected from Formula Fa to Formula Fc. The compound represented by Formula Fa to Formula Fc may be used as a fluorescent dopant material.

[0316] Formula

[0317]

[0318] In the formula Fa, R a To R j Two of them can be independently substituted with *-NAr 1 Ar 2 . Ra To R j Among the unrecognized 1 Ar 2 The other substituted groups may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0319] In -NAr1Ar2, Ar 1 and Ar 2 and Ar may be independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 and Ar 2 At least one of may be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0320] Formula Fb

[0321]

[0322] In formula Fb, R a and R b Each of them may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. Ar 1 To Ar 4 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0323] In Formula Fb, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 4 At least one of them may be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0324] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V may be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in formula Fb, it means that when the number of U or V is 1, one ring constitutes a fused ring at the portion represented by U or V, and when the number of U or V is 0, the ring represented by U or V does not exist. For example, when the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb may be a cyclic compound with four rings. For example, when the respective numbers of U and V are 0, the fused ring in formula Fb may be a cyclic compound with three rings. For example, when the respective numbers of U and V are 1, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb may be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0325] Formula Fc

[0326]

[0327] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 can be independently O, S, Se or NR m , and R m It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To R 11 They may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0328] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 can each independently bind to a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. 1 and A 2 All are independently NR m When A 1 Can be combined with R 4 or R 5 to form a ring. For example, A 2 Can be combined with R 7 or R 8 to form a ring.

[0329] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may also include a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalene-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl) -N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (for example, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)) and / or pyrene and its derivatives (for example, 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc. as suitable dopant materials.

[0330] The emission layer EML may further include a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, a metal complex containing iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) or thulium (Tm) may be used as a phosphorescent dopant. For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C2) picolinyl iridium (III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium (III) (FIrpic), 6 ) or platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) may be used as a phosphorescent dopant. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0331] The emission layer EML may include a quantum dot material. The core of the quantum dot may be selected from II-VI group compounds, III-VI group compounds, I-III-VI group compounds, III-V group compounds, III-II-V group compounds, IV-VI group compounds, IV group elements, IV group compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0332] The II-VI compound can be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZ nSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof.

[0333] III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds such as In 2 S 3 or In 2 Se 3 ; Ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 or InGaSe 3 ; or any combination thereof.

[0334] The I-III-VI group compound can be selected from: a ternary compound selected from AgInS, AgInS 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、AgGaS 2 、CuGaS 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 、AgAlO 2 and mixtures thereof; or quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 or CuInGaS 2 .

[0335] The III-V compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the III-V compound may also include a Group II metal. For example, InZnP or the like may be selected as the III-II-V group compound.

[0336] The IV-VI compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and mixtures thereof. The IV group element may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge and mixtures thereof. The IV group compound may be a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe and mixtures thereof.

[0337] Each element included in a multi-element (i.e., multi-element) compound (such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound) may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform or substantially non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, the chemical formula may refer to the type (species) of the element included in the compound, and the ratio of the elements in the compound may be different. For example, AgInGaS 2 Can refer to AgIn x Ga 1-x S 2 (where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0338] In some embodiments, the quantum dot may have a single structure or a core-shell dual structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot is substantially uniform. For example, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

[0339] The shell of the quantum dot can be used as a protective layer to prevent or reduce the chemical denaturation of the core to maintain the semiconductor properties, and / or as a charged layer to give the quantum dot electrophoretic properties. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the center.

[0340] The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. Examples of the shell of a quantum dot can include metal oxides or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. For example, the metal oxide or non-metal oxide can be: a binary compound such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 or NiO; or ternary compounds such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 or CoMn 2 O 4 , but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0341] In addition, examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP and / or AlSb, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0342] Each element included in a polynary compound (such as a binary compound or a ternary compound) may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform or substantially non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, a chemical formula may refer to the type (species) of elements included in the compound, and the element ratios in the compound may be different.

[0343] The quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a light emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less, and within the described range, color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. For example, light emitted by such quantum dots may be emitted in all directions, so that a wide viewing angle may be improved.

[0344] For example, the form of quantum dots is not particularly limited as long as it is a form commonly used in the art. More specifically, quantum dots in the form of spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates can be used.

[0345] Since the size of the quantum dots is adjusted or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound is adjusted, the energy band gap can be controlled, and therefore light in one or more suitable wavelength ranges can be obtained in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, quantum dots as described can be used (using quantum dots of different sizes or quantum dot compounds of different element ratios), so that a light-emitting element ED that emits light in one or more suitable wavelengths can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound can be selected to emit red light, green light and / or blue light. For example, quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining one or more suitable colors of light.

[0346] exist Figures 3 to 7 In each of the light emitting elements ED of the embodiment shown in , the electron transport region ETR is disposed on the emission layer EML. The electron transport region ETR may include at least one of a hole blocking layer HBL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0347] The electron transport region ETR may have a single layer including a single material (e.g., formed of a single material), a single layer including a plurality of different materials (e.g., formed of a plurality of different materials), or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials (e.g., formed of a plurality of different materials).

[0348] For example, the electron transport region ETR may have a single layer structure of an electron injection layer EIL or an electron transport layer ETL, and may have a single layer structure including an electron injection material and an electron transport material (e.g., formed by an electron injection material and an electron transport material). For example, the electron transport region ETR may have a single layer structure including a plurality of different materials (e.g., formed by a plurality of different materials), or may have a structure in which an electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL, a hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL are stacked in sequence from the emission layer EML, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may have, for example, about to about Thickness.

[0349] The electron transport region ETR may be formed using one or more suitable methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0350] The electron transport region ETR may include a compound represented by Formula ET-2:

[0351] Formula ET-2

[0352]

[0353] In formula ET-2, selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of the groups may be N, and the remaining groups (e.g., any remaining groups or remaining X 1 To X 3 Each of ) can be CR a . R a It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 3 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0354] In Formula ET-2, a to c may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L 1 To L 3and L are independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when a to c are independently an integer of 2 or more, L 1 To L 3 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0355] The electron transport region ETR may include an anthracene compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the electron transport region ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl 1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq 2 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) or a mixture thereof.

[0356] The electron transport region ETR may include at least one selected from compounds ET1 to ET36:

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360] For example, the electron transport region ETR may include: metal halides such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI; lanthanide metals such as Yb; and co-deposited materials of metal halides and lanthanide metals. For example, the electron transport region ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb as co-deposited materials. In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include metal oxides such as Li 2 O or BaO) and / or 8-hydroxy-quinolate lithium (Liq), etc. (for example, using metal oxides (such as Li 2 O or BaO) and / or 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium (Liq), etc.), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may also include a mixed material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt (for example, formed by a mixed material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt). The organic metal salt may be a material having an energy band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the organic metal salt may include, for example, a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetoacetate, a metal acetylacetonate, or a metal stearate.

[0361] In addition to the materials described herein, the electron transport region ETR may also include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0362] The electron transport region ETR may include the compound of the electron transport region ETR described herein in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL.

[0363] When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL, the electron transport layer ETL may have a thickness of about 100 Å. to about (For example, about to about ). When the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL, the electron injection layer EIL may have a thickness of about to about (For example, about to about When the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies the range described herein, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0364] The second electrode EL2 is disposed on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0365] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.) (e.g., formed of a transparent metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.)).

[0366] When the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb or MgYb) or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In some embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transflective film including a material described herein (e.g., formed by a material described herein) and a transparent conductive film including ITO, IZO, ZnO and / or ITZO, etc. (e.g., formed by ITO, IZO, ZnO and / or ITZO, etc.). For example, the second electrode EL2 may include a metal material described herein, a combination of at least two metal materials among the metal materials described herein, and / or an oxide of a metal material described herein, etc.

[0367] In some embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may be connected to the auxiliary electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0368] In some embodiments, a cover layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 of the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments. The cover layer CPL may include a plurality of layers or a single layer.

[0369] In one or more embodiments, the cover layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (eg, LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound (eg, MgF 2 )、SiON、SiN x and / or SiOy wait.

[0370] For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD (N,N'-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine), NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq 3 , CuPc (phthalocyanine copper (II)), N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis (biphenyl-4-yl) biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15) and / or 4,4',4"-tris (carbazole-9-yl) triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or epoxy resin or acrylate such as methacrylate. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the cover layer CPL may include at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds P1 to P5:

[0371]

[0372] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater. For example, with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater.

[0373] Figures 8 to 11 Each of them is a cross-sectional view of a display device DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b or DD-c according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figures 8 to 11 When describing the display device of the embodiment, the description of the display device already described is omitted. Figures 1 to 7 Rather than describing repeated features described in , their differences will be described primarily (e.g., in more detail).

[0374] Reference Figure 8 According to one or more embodiments, the display device DD-a may include a display panel DP including a display element layer DP-ED, and a light control layer CCL and a color filter layer CFL disposed on the display panel DP. Figure 8 In one or more embodiments shown in , the display panel DP may include a base layer BS and a circuit layer DP-CL and a display element layer DP-ED disposed on the base layer BS, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light emitting element ED.

[0375] The light emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emission layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emission layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. Figures 3 to 7 The structure of the light emitting element ED can be equally applied to Figure 8 The structure of the light-emitting element ED shown in FIG. Figure 8 The light emitting element ED shown in FIG. 1 may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds. Therefore, the light emitting element ED may exhibit high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0376] Reference Figure 8 , the emission layer EML can be set in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL. For example, the emission layer EML divided by the pixel defining film PDL and set to correspond to each of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B can emit light in substantially the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML can emit blue light. In some embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML can be set as a common layer in the entire light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B.

[0377] The light control layer CCL may be disposed on the display panel DP. The light control layer CCL may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot and / or a phosphor, etc. The light converter may emit the provided light by converting its wavelength. For example, the light control layer CCL may be a layer including quantum dots or a layer including a phosphor.

[0378] The light-control layer CCL may include a plurality of light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other.

[0379] Reference Figure 8 , the dividing patterns BMP may be disposed between the light control parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 that are spaced apart and / or separated from each other, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 8 It is shown that the dividing pattern BMP does not overlap the light-control parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 , but at least a portion of the edges of the light-control parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 may overlap the dividing pattern BMP.

[0380] The light control layer CCL may include a first light control part CCP1, a second light control part CCP2 and a third light control part CCP3, the first light control part CCP1 includes a first quantum dot QD1 that converts a first color light provided from the light emitting element ED into a second color light, the second light control part CCP2 includes a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into a third color light, and the third light control part CCP3 transmits the first color light.

[0381] In one or more embodiments, the first light control unit CCP1 may provide red light as the second color light, and the second light control unit CCP2 may provide green light as the third color light. The third light control unit CCP3 may provide blue light by transmitting blue light as the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot. With respect to the quantum dots QD1 and QD2, the same contents as those described herein may apply.

[0382] For example, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control part CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control part CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control part CCP3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any quantum dot but include a scatterer SP.

[0383] The scatterer SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 and hollow spherical silica. The scatterer SP may be selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 and any one of hollow spherical silica (or including selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 and hollow spherical silica), or may be selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 A mixture of at least two materials selected from the group consisting of quartz and hollow spherical silica.

[0384] The first light control unit CCP1, the second light control unit CCP2, and the third light control unit CCP3 may each include a matrix resin BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and a scatterer SP are dispersed, respectively. In one or more embodiments, the first light control unit CCP1 may include the first quantum dots QD1 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the first matrix resin BR1, the second light control unit CCP2 may include the second quantum dots QD2 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the second matrix resin BR2, and the third light control unit CCP3 may include the scatterer SP dispersed in the third matrix resin BR3.

[0385] The matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 are media in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed, and may include one or more suitable resin components (e.g., formed by one or more suitable resin components), which may generally be referred to as binders. For example, the matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 may be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins and / or epoxy resins, etc. The matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 may be transparent resins. In one or more embodiments, the first matrix resin BR1, the second matrix resin BR2 and the third matrix resin BR3 may be the same or different from each other.

[0386] The light control layer CCL may include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 may be used to prevent or reduce the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter, referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 may block or reduce the exposure of the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 to moisture / oxygen. In some embodiments, the barrier layer BFL1 may cover the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. For example, the barrier layer BFL2 may be disposed between the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0387] The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include at least one inorganic layer. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include an inorganic material. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride and / or a metal film ensuring transmittance, etc. In some embodiments, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may also include an organic film. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include a single layer or multiple layers (e.g., formed by a single layer or multiple layers).

[0388] In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, the color filter layer CFL may be directly disposed on the light control layer CCL. In this case, the blocking layer BFL2 may not be disposed.

[0389] The color filter layer CFL may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The color filter layer CFL may include a first filter CF1 configured to transmit a second color light, a second filter CF2 configured to transmit a third color light, and a third filter CF3 configured to transmit the first color light. For example, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third filter CF3 may be a blue filter. The filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may each include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first filter CF1 may include a red pigment or dye, the second filter CF2 may include a green pigment or dye, and the third filter CF3 may include a blue pigment or dye.

[0390] In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the third filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) (e.g., any) pigment or dye. The third filter CF3 may include a polymer photosensitive resin, and may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment or dye. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may include (e.g., be formed of) a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0391] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be yellow filters. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may not be separated but provided as one filter.

[0392] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light shielding portion. The light shielding portion may be a black matrix. The light shielding portion may include an inorganic light shielding material or an organic light shielding material containing a black pigment or dye. The light shielding portion may prevent or reduce light leakage and may separate the boundaries between adjacent filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0393] The first to third filters CF1 , CF2 , and CF3 may be disposed to correspond to the red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B, respectively.

[0394] The base substrate BL may be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL and / or the light control layer CCL, etc. are disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In some embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be disposed.

[0395] Fig. 9is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments. In the display device DD-TD of one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. At least one of the plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 (for example, at least one selected from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3) may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of the second compound to the fourth compound. Therefore, the light-emitting element ED-BT may exhibit high efficiency and long service life.

[0396] The light emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other and a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2 and OL-B3 sequentially stacked between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in a thickness direction. The light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2 and OL-B3 may each include an emission layer EML ( Figure 8 ) and an emission layer EML ( Figure 8 ) of the hole transport region HTR( Figure 8 ) and the electron transport region ETR ( Figure 8 ). For example, the light emitting elements ED-BT included in the display devices DD-TD of one or more embodiments may be light emitting elements having a tandem structure and including a plurality of emission layers.

[0397] exist Fig. 9 In one or more embodiments shown in , all light beams emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively, may be blue light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the light beams emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively, may have wavelength ranges different from each other. For example, the light emitting element ED-BT including a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light beams having wavelength ranges different from each other may emit white light.

[0398] The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may be disposed between two adjacent ones of the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may include a p-type or p-like charge generation layer (e.g., a p-charge generation layer) and / or an n-type charge generation layer (e.g., an n-charge generation layer).

[0399] Reference Fig.10, the display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in which two emission layers are stacked. At least one of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds. Therefore, the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may exhibit high efficiency and long service life.

[0400] and Figure 2 Compared with the display device DD of one or more embodiments shown in FIG. Fig.10 The difference of one or more embodiments shown in the embodiment is that the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 each include two emission layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3, the two emission layers can emit light in substantially the same wavelength region.

[0401] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emission layer EML-R1 and a second red emission layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emission layer EML-G1 and a second green emission layer EML-G2. In some embodiments, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emission layer EML-B1 and a second blue emission layer EML-B2. The emission auxiliary part OG may be disposed between the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the second red emission layer EML-R2, between the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the second green emission layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emission layer EML-B1 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2.

[0402] The emission auxiliary part OG may include a single layer or multiple layers. The emission auxiliary part OG may include a charge generation layer. More specifically, the emission auxiliary part OG may include an electron transport region, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport region stacked sequentially. The emission auxiliary part OG may be set as a common layer in all of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission auxiliary part OG may be set by being patterned in an opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL.

[0403] The first red emission layer EML-R1, the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the first blue emission layer EML-B1 may be disposed between the emission auxiliary part OG and the electron transport region ETR. The second red emission layer EML-R2, the second green emission layer EML-G2 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2 may be disposed between the hole transport region HTR and the emission auxiliary part OG.

[0404] For example, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emission layer EML-R2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first red emission layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emission layer EML-G2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first green emission layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emission layer EML-B2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first blue emission layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially.

[0405] In some embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display panel DP and controls reflected light in the display panel DP due to external light. Different from the illustrated configuration, in a display device according to one or more embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may not be provided.

[0406] and Fig. 9 and Fig.10 different, Fig.11 It is shown that the display device DD-c includes four light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1. The light emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other and first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1 sequentially stacked between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in the thickness direction. The third light emitting structure OL-B3, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the first light emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 are stacked in the stated order in the thickness direction. At least one of the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1 may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds. Therefore, the light emitting element ED-CT may exhibit high efficiency and long service life.

[0407] The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be disposed between the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. Among the four light emitting structures, the first to third light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may emit light beams in different wavelength regions. The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 disposed between adjacent light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include p-type or p-type charge generation layers and / or n-type or n-type charge generation layers.

[0408] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include a display device including a plurality of light emitting elements and a control unit for controlling the display device. The electronic device of one or more embodiments may be a device activated according to an electrical signal. The electronic device may include a display device of one or more suitable embodiments. For example, the electronic device may include not only large electronic devices (such as televisions, monitors, or outdoor billboards), but also small and medium-sized electronic devices (such as personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital terminals, display devices for vehicles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, or cameras).

[0409] Fig.12 is a view showing a vehicle AM ​​in which first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, DD-4 are provided. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include the same Figure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figures 8 to 11 The described display devices DD, DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b and DD-c have the same construction.

[0410] Fig.12The vehicle AM ​​is shown, but this is an example, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be provided in other transport components such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships, and airplanes. For example, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 including the same structure as the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c of one or more embodiments may be used for a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television, a monitor, and / or an outdoor billboard, etc. For example, these are provided only as embodiments, and therefore, may be used for other electronic devices unless departing from the present disclosure.

[0411] At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 (for example, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4) may include a reference Figures 3 to 7 The light-emitting element ED described. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 (for example, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4) may include the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds (for example, at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds). Therefore, the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, or DD-4 including the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds can exhibit improved display efficiency and display service life (i.e., lifespan).

[0412] Reference Fig.12 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a transmission device GR for driving the vehicle AM. In some embodiments, the vehicle AM ​​may include a front window GL arranged to face the driver.

[0413] The first display device DD-1 may be disposed in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital cluster that displays first information of the vehicle AM. The first information may include a first scale indicating the driving speed of the vehicle AM, a second scale indicating the engine speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and / or an image indicating the fuel status, etc. The first scale and the second scale may be represented as digital images.

[0414] The second display device DD-2 can be arranged in a second area facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat can be a seat in which the steering wheel HA is arranged. For example, the second display device DD-2 can be a head-up display (HUD) that displays the second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 can be optically transparent. The second information can include a digital number indicating the driving speed, and can also include information such as the current time. Different from the illustrated construction, the second information of the second display device DD-2 can be projected onto the front window GL for display.

[0415] The third display device DD-3 may be disposed in a third area adjacent to the transmission device GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be disposed between the driver's seat and the passenger seat, and may be a central information display (CID) of the vehicle for displaying the third information. The passenger seat may be a seat spaced and / or separated from the driver's seat, and the transmission device GR is disposed between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about traffic (e.g., navigation information), playing music or audio or video (or images), and / or the temperature inside the vehicle AM, etc.

[0416] The fourth display device DD-4 may be spaced and / or separated from the steering wheel HA and the transmission device GR, and may be disposed in a fourth area adjacent to the side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror that displays the fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the outside of the vehicle AM ​​captured by a camera module CM disposed outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include an image of the outside of the vehicle AM.

[0417] The first to fourth information described herein may be examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may also display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth information may include different information. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include the same information as each other.

[0418] Terms such as "substantially", "about", and "roughly" are used as relative terms rather than as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values ​​that one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize. They may include the stated value and an acceptable range of deviation as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the limitations and errors associated with the measurement of the quantity. For example, "about" may refer to one or more standard deviations, or ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, ±5% of the stated value.

[0419] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include and are intended to disclose all subranges of the same numerical precision. For example, a range of "1.0 to 10.0" includes all subranges (such as 2.4 to 7.6, for example) having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to explicitly list any subranges included in the ranges explicitly listed here.

[0420] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein, the light-emitting device, the light-emitting element and / or any other related device or component can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., a dedicated integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware and hardware. For example, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or a separate IC chip. In addition, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. In addition, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be processes or threads that run on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, execute computer program instructions, and interact with other system components to perform various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in a memory, which can be implemented in a computing device using a standard memory device (such as a random access memory (RAM) as an example). The computer program instructions can also be stored in other non-temporary computer-readable media (such as CD-ROM, flash drive, etc. as an example). In addition, those skilled in the art should recognize that the functionality of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functionality of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0421] In the present disclosure, when the particles are spherical, "diameter" means the average particle diameter, and when the particles are non-spherical, "diameter" means the length of the major axis. The diameter (or size) of the particles can be measured by particle size analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and / or transmission electron microscopy. When the size of the particles is measured using a particle size analyzer, the average particle diameter (or size) can be referred to as D50. The term "D50" as used herein refers to the average diameter (or size) of the particles corresponding to the cumulative volume of 50% by volume in a particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle diameter corresponding to 50% from the smallest particle when the total number of particles is 100% in a distribution curve accumulated in the order of the smallest particle size to the largest particle size. Particle size analysis can be performed with a HORIBA LA-950 laser particle size analyzer.

[0422] Hereinafter, the polycyclic compound and the light emitting element of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. For example, the examples are shown only for understanding the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0423] Example

[0424] 1. Synthesis of polycyclic compounds

[0425] The steps of synthesizing polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by providing the steps of synthesizing Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 115, Compound 120, Compound 169, Compound 217, and Compound 218 as examples. For example, the steps of synthesizing polycyclic compounds will be described in more detail below as examples, and thus the steps of synthesizing compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the examples.

[0426] (1) Synthesis of Compound 4

[0427] Compound 4 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 1, for example.

[0428] Reaction 1

[0429]

[0430] Synthesis of intermediate 4-1

[0431] 1,3-Dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), 2,6-di(phenanthrene-9-yl)aniline (2 equivalents), tri(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using dichloromethane (MC) and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 4-1. (Yield: 74%)

[0432] Synthesis of intermediate 4-2

[0433] Intermediate 4-1 (1 equivalent), 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9H-carbazole-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-d8 (4 ​​equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.4 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 60 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 4-2. (Yield: 28%)

[0434] Synthesis of compound 4

[0435] Intermediate 4-2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (4 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 4. (Yield: 2%)

[0436] (2) Synthesis of Compound 5

[0437] Compound 5 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 2, for example.

[0438] Reaction 2

[0439]

[0440] Synthesis of intermediate 5-1

[0441] N-(3-bromo-5-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1"-terphenyl]-2'-amine (1 equivalent), 2,6-di(phenanthrene-9-yl)aniline (1.1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, the obtained product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 5-1. (Yield: 81%)

[0442] Synthesis of intermediate 5-2

[0443] Intermediate 5-1 (1 equivalent), 9-(3-bromophenyl-2,4,5,6-d4)-3-phenyl-9H-carbazole-1,2,4,5,6,7,8-d7 (4 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.4 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 60 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 5-2. (Yield: 26%)

[0444] Synthesis of compound 5

[0445] Intermediate 5-2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (4 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 5. (Yield: 3%)

[0446] (3) Synthesis of Compound 115

[0447] Compound 115 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 3, for example.

[0448] Reaction 3

[0449]

[0450] Synthesis of Intermediate 115-1

[0451] N-(3-bromo-5-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1"-terphenyl]-2'-amine (1 equivalent), 2,6-di(phenanthren-2-yl)aniline (1.1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, the obtained product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 115-1. (Yield: 73%)

[0452] Synthesis of Intermediate 115-2

[0453] Intermediate 115-1 (1 equivalent), 4-iodo-1,1'-biphenyl (4 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.4 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 60 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 115-2. (Yield: 45%)

[0454] Synthesis of compound 115

[0455] Intermediate 115-2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (4 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 115. (Yield: 7%)

[0456] (4) Synthesis of Compound 120

[0457] Compound 120 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 4, for example.

[0458] Reaction 4

[0459]

[0460] Synthesis of Intermediate 120-1

[0461] 1,3-Dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), 5-(tert-butyl)-3-(phenanthren-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-amine (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 120-1. (Yield: 77%)

[0462] Synthesis of Intermediate 120-2

[0463] Intermediate 120-1 (1 equivalent), 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9H-carbazole-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-d8 (4 ​​equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.4 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 60 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 120-2. (Yield: 31%)

[0464] Synthesis of compound 120

[0465] Intermediate 120-2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (4 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 120. (Yield: 5%)

[0466] (5) Synthesis of Compound 169

[0467] Compound 169 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 5, for example.

[0468] Reaction 5

[0469]

[0470] Synthesis of Intermediate 169-1

[0471] N-(3-chloro-5-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)phenyl)-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-2′-amine (1 equivalent), 3-(phenanthrene-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-amine (1.1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, the obtained product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 169-1. (Yield: 80%)

[0472] Synthesis of Intermediate 169-2

[0473] Intermediate 169-1 (1 equivalent), 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9H-carbazole-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-d8 (4 ​​equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.4 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 60 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 169-2. (Yield: 32%)

[0474] Synthesis of compound 169

[0475] Intermediate 169-2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (4 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 169. (Yield: 4%)

[0476] (6) Synthesis of Compound 217

[0477] Compound 217 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 6, for example.

[0478] Reaction 6

[0479]

[0480] Synthesis of Intermediate 217-1

[0481] 1,3-Dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), 2,6-di(phenanthrene-9-yl)aniline (0.9 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalent), BINAP (0.1 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 90° C. for 12 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was concentrated using anhydrous MgSO4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 217-1. (Yield: 67%)

[0482] Synthesis of Intermediate 217-2

[0483] Intermediate 217-1 (1 equivalent), [1,1':3',1"-terphenyl]-2'-amine (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 217-2. (Yield: 81%)

[0484] Synthesis of Intermediate 217-3

[0485] Intermediate 217-2 (1 equivalent), 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9H-carbazole (3 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 48 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 217-3. (Yield: 33%)

[0486] Synthesis of compound 217

[0487] Intermediate 217-3 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 217. (Yield: 6%)

[0488] (7) Synthesis of Compound 218

[0489] Compound 218 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized through the steps of Reaction Scheme 7, for example.

[0490] Reaction 7

[0491]

[0492] Synthesis of Intermediate 218-1

[0493] 1,3-Dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), 5'-(phenanthrene-9-yl)-[1,1':3',1"-terphenyl]-2'-amine (0.9 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalent), BINAP (0.1 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 90° C. for 12 hours. After cooling, the obtained product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 218-1. (Yield: 58%)

[0494] Synthesis of Intermediate 218-2

[0495] Intermediate 218-1 (1 equivalent), 5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1"-terphenyl]-2'-amine (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in toluene and then stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 218-2. (Yield: 77%)

[0496] Synthesis of intermediate 218-3

[0497] Intermediate 218-2 (1 equivalent), 9-(3-bromophenyl)-9H-carbazole (3 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.15 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.3 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (5 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at 150° C. for 48 hours. After cooling, the resulting product was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer obtained by separation was purified by using anhydrous MgSO 4 Dry and dry under reduced pressure. The obtained product was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 218-3. (Yield: 37%)

[0498] Synthesis of compound 218

[0499] Intermediate 218-3 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, cooled to 0 °C, and then BBr was slowly injected into it under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition was completed, the temperature was raised to 180°C and the resulting product was stirred for 24 hours. After cooling, triethylamine was slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to terminate the reaction, and ethanol was added to the reactants to cause precipitation, and a solid was obtained therefrom by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane, and then recrystallized using toluene and acetone to obtain compound 218. (Yield: 5%)

[0500] 2. Evaluation of polycyclic compounds

[0501] Table 1 shows example polycyclic compounds (i.e., Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 115, Compound 120, Compound 169, Compound 217, and Compound 218) synthesized as described herein and evaluated in Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7). Table 1 shows comparative compounds (i.e., Compound C1, Compound C2, Compound C3, and Compound C4) evaluated in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (CE 1 to CE 4). Table 2 shows evaluations of properties of example polycyclic compounds and comparative compounds.

[0502] Table 1

[0503]

[0504]

[0505] Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7) in Table 2 show H, L, S1, f, T1, ΔT2-T1, and ΔE for example polycyclic compounds (i.e., Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 115, Compound 120, Compound 169, Compound 217, and Compound 218). ST Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (CE 1 to CE 4) in Table 2 show the evaluation of comparative compounds (ie, Compound C1, Compound C2, Compound C3, and Compound C4).

[0506] H represents the value of the HOMO energy level, and L represents the value of the LUMO energy level (electron volt (eV)). S1 (nanometer (nm)) represents the emission wavelength of the singlet state, T1 (nm) represents the emission wavelength of the lowest triplet state, and T1 (eV) represents the energy level of the lowest triplet state. ΔT2-T1 represents the absolute value of the energy level difference between the second lowest triplet state and the lowest triplet state. ΔE ST represents the absolute value of the energy difference between the singlet state and the lowest triplet state. f represents the oscillator strength.

[0507] Table 2

[0508]

[0509] Referring to Table 2, it is seen that the example polycyclic compounds have deeper HOMO levels than the comparative compounds and thus may have a lower likelihood of an increase in the concentration of T1 excitons generated by trap-assisted recombination caused by hole traps (eg, to achieve a benefit of increasing the lifetime).

[0510] For example, it is seen that the example polycyclic compounds have very small ΔT2-T1 values ​​compared to the comparative compounds. Thus, it is seen that the example polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments may exhibit relatively fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC).

[0511] 3. Preparation and evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0512] (1) Preparation of light-emitting elements

[0513] A light-emitting element including an example polycyclic compound or a comparative compound according to one or more embodiments is prepared by a method as described herein. As discussed with respect to Tables 1 and 2, the example polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments are each used as a dopant material for an emission layer to manufacture light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7). As discussed with respect to Tables 1 and 2, each of Compounds C1 to C4 is used as a dopant material for an emission layer to manufacture light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (CE 1 to CE 4), respectively.

[0514] As the first electrode, an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (Corning, 15 ohm per square centimeter (Ω / cm)) formed thereon was used. 2 ), 1200 Angstroms ) was cut into a size of approximately 50 millimeters (mm) × 50 mm × 0.7 mm, subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and subjected to ultraviolet irradiation for 30 minutes, and then exposed to ozone for cleaning to be mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0515] On the first electrode, NPD is deposited to form A hole injection layer having a thickness of Then, on the hole transport layer, a CzSi layer having a thickness of An auxiliary emission layer of thickness.

[0516] On the auxiliary emission layer, a host mixture, a phosphorescent sensitizer and a dopant are co-deposited in a weight ratio of 85:14:1 to form a The emission layer is formed with a thickness of . The compound HT35 as a hole transport host and the compound ETH66 as an electron transport host are provided as a host mixture in a weight ratio of 5:5. The compound AD-38 is used as a phosphorescent sensitizer material. The example polycyclic compound or the comparative compound is used as a dopant material.

[0517] On the emission layer, HBL-1 is deposited to form Thereafter, on the hole blocking layer, a film having a thickness of 1000 Å was formed by co-depositing CNNPTRZ and Liq in a weight ratio of 4.0:6.0. Then, on the electron transport layer, Yb is deposited to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of Then, on the electron injection layer, a layer having a thickness of A second electrode with a thickness of 1000 Å is formed to manufacture a light-emitting element.

[0518] The compounds used for producing the light-emitting element are as follows.

[0519] Materials used to make light-emitting components

[0520]

[0521] (2) Evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0522] Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the light emitting elements of Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7) and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (CE 1 to CE 4). For example, at 10 mA / cm 2 ) at a current density of , the driving voltage (V), efficiency (candela per ampere (cd / A)) and maximum luminous wavelength were determined using KeithleyMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650. With regard to the service life, the time taken for the brightness to decrease to 95% relative to the initial brightness was determined, and the value compared with Comparative Example 1 was expressed as a relative element service life (i.e., lifespan) (T95).

[0523] Table 3

[0524]

[0525]

[0526] Referring to the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7) using the example polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments as light-emitting materials have lower driving voltages and greater luminous efficiency and service life (i.e., lifetime) than the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 to Comparative Examples 4 (CE1 to CE4).

[0527] For example, the example polycyclic compounds of Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7) (i.e., Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 115, Compound 120, Compound 169, Compound 217, and Compound 218) all include a 5-ring fused ring core including two nitrogen atoms and one boron atom as ring atoms, and include a phenanthrene group connected to the core by a first linking group, thus showing a low driving voltage and providing excellent luminous efficiency and service life. In contrast, although the HOMO energy level of Compound 115 used in Example 3 is shallower than the HOMO energy level of other compounds, the results show a low driving voltage. The results show that placing (e.g., introducing) a substituent such as a terphenyl group into the core of Compound 115 can help improve hole transport properties.

[0528] In the light-emitting elements of Comparative Example 1 (CE 1) and Comparative Example 3 (CE 3), the HOMO energy level values ​​of Compound C1 and Compound C3 used as light-emitting materials (-4.84 eV and -4.91 eV, respectively) are too shallow, resulting in an increase in driving voltage caused by hole traps (for example, 5.2 V and 5.4 V, respectively), an increase in dopant excitons caused by trap-assisted recombination, and an increased concentration of triplet excitons causing a sharp increase in triplet polaron quenching (TPQ), thereby resulting in a significant reduction in service life.

[0529] For example, when compared with the light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 7 (EX 1 to EX 7), the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 2 and 4 (CE 2 and CE 4) using Compound C2 and Compound C4 in which the phenanthrene portion is not connected to the core of the light-emitting material show reduced service life.

[0530] The light emitting element according to one or more embodiments includes the polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments in an emission layer, and thus can exhibit high efficiency and a long lifetime.

[0531] The polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may have fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and reduce Dexter energy transfer, thereby helping to improve light efficiency and extend the life of the light emitting element.

[0532] For example, the display device of one or more embodiments includes a light emitting element that induces the effects described herein, and thus can exhibit improved image quality and display efficiency.

[0533] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to one or more embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the present disclosure should not be limited to these preferred embodiments, but one skilled in the art may make one or more suitable changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0534] Therefore, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the contents set forth in the specific embodiments of the specification, but is intended to be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A polycyclic compound, the polycyclic compound is represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 In formula 1, X is NR6, S, O or Se, R1 to R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R6 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, n1 is an integer from 0 to 3, n2 to n4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, and n5 is an integer from 0 to 9.

2. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is expressed by Formula 2: Formula 2 In formula 2, R 11 , R 21 and R 31 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R 12 , R 22 and R 32 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms, n11 is an integer from 0 to 2, n21 and n31 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, and X, R4 and R5, n4 and n5 are as defined in Formula 1.

3. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is expressed by Formula 3: Formula 3 In formula 3, R i1 , R i2 and R i3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, i1 is an integer from 0 to 3, i2 is an integer from 0 to 9, i3 is an integer from 0 to 5, a and b are each independently an integer from 0 to 2, and a+b is equal to 2 or 3, and R1 to R5 and n1 to n5 are as defined in Formula 1.

4. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is expressed by Formula 4: Formula 4 In formula 4, Selected from R 4a To R 4d At least one of and selected from R 6a To R 6e At least two of them are independently substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl, Selected from R 4a To R 4d Any remaining groups and selected from R 6a To R 6e Any remaining groups therein are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R1 to R3, R5, n1 to n3 and n5 are as defined in Formula 1.

5. The polycyclic compound according to claim 4, wherein R 4a , R 6a and R 6e are independently substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl, and R 4b To R 4d and R 6b To R 6d Each is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

6. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 to R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or represented by any one of the substituents selected from Substituent Group 1: Substituent Group 1 7. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein The polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is any one selected from the compounds of Compound Group 1: In compound group 1, D is a deuterium atom.

8. A light-emitting element, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode, located on the first electrode; as well as an emission layer, located between the first electrode and the second electrode, Wherein, the emission layer comprises the polycyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as the first compound.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein The emission layer further includes at least one of a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1: Formula HT-1 In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 are independently N or CR 51 , L1 is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y a It is a direct key, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 , Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R 51 To R 55 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and are optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, Formula ET-1 In formula ET-1, At least one selected from X1 to X3 is N, and any remaining selected from X1 to X3 is CR 56 , R 56 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, Ar2 to Ar4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and L2 to L4 are each independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and Formula D-1 In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 are independently C or N, C1 to C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 Each is independently a direct key, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 are independently 0 or 1, R 61 To R 66 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and d1 to d4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 4.

10. The light emitting element according to claim 9, wherein The second compound represented by Formula HT-1 is represented by any one selected from the compounds represented by Compound Group 2: Compound Group 2 The third compound represented by Formula ET-1 is represented by any one selected from the compounds represented by Compound Group 3: Compound Group 3 and The fourth compound represented by Formula D-1 is represented by any one selected from the compounds represented by Compound Group 4: Compound Group 4 11. A display device, comprising: Base layer; A circuit layer, located on the substrate layer; as well as A display element layer is located on the circuit layer and includes a light emitting element, The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and The emission layer includes the polycyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 12 . The display device according to claim 11 , further comprising a light control layer or a color filter.

13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein: The light management layer includes quantum dots.

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