A pesticide composition containing fluoxastrobin and fludioxonil and use thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of pesticide insecticide and fungicide, and discloses a pesticide composition containing fluazinam and fludioxonil and application thereof. The pesticide composition comprises a fungicide and an insecticide. The fungicide is fluazinam and fludioxonil, and the insecticide is thiamethoxam. The pesticide composition has reasonable components, can prevent various plant diseases and insect pests, and has remarkable synergistic effect after one-time application, thereby saving labor and time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pesticide insecticide and fungicide technology, and discloses a pesticide composition containing fluopyram and fludioxonil and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Fluopyram is a novel pyridine amide fungicide that inhibits energy synthesis by interfering with respiratory chain complex II through its action on succinate dehydrogenase. Fluopyram exhibits high efficacy and a broad spectrum of activity, effectively controlling various diseases such as sclerotinia rot, Fusarium head blight, gray mold, brown spot, powdery mildew, and leaf spot. It is suitable for crops such as rapeseed, corn, and soybeans. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the ubiquinone reduction reaction in respiratory chain complex II, thereby affecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and bacterial respiration. Its structural formula is as follows:

[0003]

[0004] Fludioxonil belongs to the benzopyrrole class of fungicides. It primarily inhibits the pathogenic protein activating enzyme PK-III, which plays a signaling role in osmotic transduction, thus exhibiting good control effects against a variety of pathogens. Due to its unique mechanism of action, it does not exhibit cross-resistance with existing fungicides, making it a promising class of pyrrole fungicides. It is used for seed treatment to prevent seed-borne pathogens and cross-resistance with other fungicides. Its structural formula is as follows:

[0005]

[0006] Thiamethoxam is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide with a unique structure and excellent insecticidal activity. Its chemical name is 3-(2-chloro-thiazolyl-5-methyl)-4-N-nitromine-1,3,5-diazine. Compared with the first-generation neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, it has advantages such as higher systemic activity, a broader insecticidal spectrum, and lower dosage, and can interfere with the feeding behavior of pests. As a novel second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, it has contact, stomach poison, and systemic effects against various pests. Utilizing thiamethoxam's excellent systemic activity and conduction properties, it can be used for seed treatment to control foliar and underground pests, provided that it is safe for seedling emergence and growth. Its structural formula is as follows:

[0007]

[0008] With the promotion and application of green prevention and control technologies for crop diseases and pests, seed coating has become an important measure for controlling seedling diseases and pests, promoting crop growth, and increasing yield. Compared with traditional spraying, seed coating can significantly reduce the number of pesticide applications, reduce drift pollution caused by spraying, and, due to its more concealed application method, has advantages such as significant control efficacy against target pests, long-lasting effect, and minimal impact on natural enemy insects. The inventors of this invention, through indoor experiments and field efficacy studies, discovered that mixing the fungicides fluopyram and fludioxonil with the insecticide thiamethoxam in appropriate proportions to treat seeds has a significant synergistic effect on plant diseases and pests, effectively controlling both diseases and pests with a single application. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Based on the above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a pesticide composition containing fluopyram and fludioxonil. This pesticide composition has a reasonable composition and can prevent and control a variety of plant diseases and pests. It has a significant synergistic effect after a single application and saves labor and time.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a pesticide composition containing fluopyram and fludioxonil. The pesticide composition comprises a fungicide and an insecticide, wherein the fungicide is fluopyram and fludioxonil, and the insecticide is thiamethoxam.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fluopyram to fludioxonil in the fungicide is 1:15 to 20:1, or any value within the above range;

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the fungicide diflubenzuron to fludioxonil is 1:15, 1:10, 1:5, 1:2, 2:1, 3:1, 9:1, 18:1, 20:1, or any value between the above values;

[0013] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fluopyram to fludioxonil in the fungicide is 1:10 to 18:1, or any value within the above range;

[0014] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fluopyram to fludioxonil in the fungicide is 1:10, 1:5, 1:2, 2:1, 3:1, 9:1, 18:1, or any value between the above values;

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fluopyram to fludioxonil in the fungicide is 1:5 to 9:1, or any value within the above range.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fluopyram to fludioxonil in the fungicide is 1:5, 1:2, 2:1, 3:1, 9:1, or any value between the above values;

[0017] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the fungicide to the insecticide is 3:2 to 3:25, or any value within the above range;

[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the fungicide to the insecticide is 3:2, 3:4, 1:2, 3:8, 3:10, 3:12, 3:14, 3:16, 4:25, 3:25, or any value between the above values;

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the bactericide to the insecticide is 3:4 to 3:16, or any value within the above range;

[0020] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the fungicide to the insecticide is 3:4, 1:2, 3:8, 3:10, 3:12, 3:14, 3:16, or any value within the above range;

[0021] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the bactericide to the insecticide is 3:4 to 3:14, or any value within the above range;

[0022] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the fungicide to the insecticide is 3:4, 1:2, 3:8, 3:10, 3:12, 3:14, or any value within the above range;

[0023] Furthermore, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the sum of the contents of the fungicides in the pesticide composition is 0.5% to 50%;

[0024] Furthermore, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the sum of the contents of the fungicide in the pesticide composition is 1% to 10%;

[0025] Furthermore, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the sum of the contents of the fungicide in the pesticide composition is 2% to 8%.

[0026] Furthermore, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the insecticide content in the pesticide composition is 5% to 50%;

[0027] Furthermore, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the insecticide content in the pesticide composition is 10% to 40%;

[0028] Furthermore, based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the insecticide content in the pesticide composition is 15% to 35%.

[0029] Furthermore, the pesticide composition further includes an adjuvant selected from one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, disintegrants, antifreeze agents, defoamers, solvents, preservatives, stabilizers, warning colors, film-forming agents, synergists, and carriers.

[0030] The wetting agent is selected from one or more of the following: alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dioctyl succinate sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol ethoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, silkworm excrement, soapberry powder, soapberry powder, SOPA, detergent, emulsifier 2000 series, and wetting and penetrating agent F; and / or

[0031] The dispersant is selected from one or more of the following: lignin sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, naphthalene sulfonate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether methyl ether condensate sulfate, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, glycerol fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether, polycarboxylates, polyacrylic acids, phosphates, EO-PO block copolymers, and EO-PO graft copolymers; and / or

[0032] The emulsifier is selected from one or more of the following: calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, styrene-phenol polyoxyethylene ether, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, and alkylphenol ether phosphate; and / or

[0033] The thickener is selected from one or more of xanthan gum, organobentonite, gum arabic, sodium alginate, magnesium aluminum silicate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and silica; and / or

[0034] The disintegrant is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, bentonite, glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, urea, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid; and / or

[0035] The antifreeze is selected from one or more of alcohols, alcohol ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and inorganic salts; and / or

[0036] The defoamer mentioned is selected from C 10 -C 20 Saturated fatty acid compounds, silicone oil, silicone compounds, C8-C 10 One or more of the fatty alcohols; and / or

[0037] The solvent is selected from one or more of benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, hydrocarbon carbonates, diesel oil, solvent oil, vegetable oil, vegetable oil derivatives, and water; and / or

[0038] The preservative is selected from one or more of propionic acid, sodium propionate, sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium p-hydroxybenzoate, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Kathon, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; and / or

[0039] The stabilizer is selected from one or more of the following: disodium hydrogen phosphate, oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, borax, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, triethanolamine oleate, epoxidized vegetable oil, kaolin, bentonite, attapulgite, silica, talc, montmorillonite, and starch; and / or

[0040] The warning color is selected from any one or more modulating colors chosen from blue, green, red, and purple; and / or

[0041] The film-forming agent is selected from one or more of sodium carboxymethyl starch, cellulose derivatives (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol), and polyacrylic acid; and / or

[0042] Furthermore, the film-forming agent is selected from seed coating film-forming agent 851, seed coating film-forming agent 805; and / or

[0043] Synergists are selected from synergistic phosphorus, synergistic ether; and / or

[0044] The carrier is selected from one or more of the following: ammonium salts, ground natural minerals, ground artificial minerals, silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, organic solvents, mineral oils, vegetable oils, and vegetable oil derivatives.

[0045] Furthermore, the pesticide composition is formulated as any one of seed treatment suspension, microcapsule suspension, or dry seed dressing agent;

[0046] Furthermore, the pesticide composition is formulated as a seed treatment suspension.

[0047] The present invention also discloses the application of the pesticide composition described above in the prevention and control of plant diseases and / or pests.

[0048] Furthermore, the plants mentioned include corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, peanuts and / or cotton;

[0049] Furthermore, the plant is peanut, corn, or wheat;

[0050] Furthermore, the plant in question is a peanut;

[0051] Furthermore, the plant in question is peanut, and the peanut diseases are any one of the following: peanut black spot, peanut brown spot, peanut net spot, peanut anthracnose, peanut scorch, peanut purple root rot, peanut rust, peanut bacterial wilt, peanut stem rot, peanut white mold, peanut root rot, peanut yellow mosaic virus, peanut stripe virus, peanut dwarf virus, and peanut crown rot.

[0052] Furthermore, the aforementioned peanut disease is peanut white mold or peanut root rot;

[0053] The pathogen of peanut white mold disease is *Sclerotium rolfsii*, a deuteromycete fungus. The mycelium is white, with several to dozens of strands intertwined in a thread-like pattern, spreading radially, resembling white silk threads, hence the common name "white mold disease." Peanut white mold disease primarily affects the peanut stem, pedicel, and pods. In the early stages, the affected areas turn brown and soft, developing wavy lesions. When the soil is moist and concealed, a layer of white mycelium also covers the plant debris and organic matter around the diseased plant. Many spherical sclerotia form within the mycelium. The base of the affected stem rots, the cortex peels off, leaving fibrous tissue. The leaves of the diseased plant turn yellow, the edges scorch, and eventually wither and die. Affected pedicels and pods develop numerous white mycelia and rot in a wet, decaying manner.

[0054] The peanut root rot disease is mainly caused by infection with various Fusarium fungi, including *Fusarium oxysporum*, *Fusarium solani*, *Fusarium roseum*, *Fusarium triseptum*, and *Fusarium moniliforme*. Peanut root rot can occur at any growth stage, primarily affecting the plant's roots. The pathogen infects newly germinated seeds, causing seed rot; in seedlings, the taproot turns brown and the plant withers. In mature plants, sunken, elongated brown lesions appear on the taproot and rhizome, with the root tip exhibiting wet rot, the cortex turning brown and rotting, easily detaching and falling off, and few or no lateral roots, resembling a rat's tail. Adventitious roots grow from the rhizome in humid conditions. Diseased plants are stunted above ground, exhibit poor growth, yellowing leaves, and produce few flowers and fruits, mostly empty berries.

[0055] The peanut pests mentioned are any one of the following: white grubs, peanut aphids, cotton bollworms, beet armyworms, cotton bollworms, and black spider scale.

[0056] Furthermore, the peanut pest mentioned is the white grub;

[0057] Furthermore, the grubs mentioned include the North China Black-gilled Scarab Beetle (Holotrichia oblita), the Dark-gilled Scarab Beetle (Holotrichia parallela), the Copper-green Scarab Beetle (Anomala corpulenta), the Apple-haired Scarab Beetle (Proagopertha lucidula), the Yellow-brown Scarab Beetle (Anomala exoleta), the Hairy Yellow-gilled Scarab Beetle (Holotrichia trichophora), and the Black-veined Scarab Beetle (Maladera orientalis), etc.

[0058] To achieve the desired insecticidal effect, the dosage of this pesticide composition varies depending on various factors, such as the crop to be protected, the type of pest, the degree of infection, climatic conditions, application location, application method, and formulation used.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0060] 1) The pesticide composition of the present invention can prevent both plant diseases and pests, has a long-lasting effect, and provides significant control with a single application;

[0061] 2) The pesticide composition of the present invention has reasonable components and exhibits a certain synergistic effect on the control of pests and diseases within a certain range. It can reduce the amount of active pesticide ingredients used and improve the control effect. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the technical solution, objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described with reference to the following specific embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0063] Formulation preparation example:

[0064] Seed treatment suspension preparation process: The active ingredients, additives, and water are mixed and stirred evenly under high shear according to the formula, and then sand milled for 2.5 hours to make the average particle size reach 1-5 micrometers. Finally, thickener, preservative, and film-forming agent are added and shearing and stirring are continued to be uniform to obtain the seed treatment suspension.

[0065] Preparation Example 1: 32.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Suspension (5% + 2.5% + 25%)

[0066] By weight percentage: 5% fluopyram, 2.5% fludioxonil, 25% thiamethoxam, 4% triphenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 5% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 2% sodium lignosulfonate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.25% xanthan gum, 6% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium benzoate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0067] Preparation Example 2: 27.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Cyclofenac Seed Treatment Suspension (5% + 2.5% + 20%)

[0068] By weight percentage: 5% fluopyram, 2.5% fludioxonil, 20% thiamethoxam, 2% tristyrene-phenylphenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxypropylene ether, 4% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate salt, 1% sodium polycarboxylate, 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.25% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium sorbate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 5% propylene glycol, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0069] Preparation Example 3: 37.5% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Suspension (5% + 2.5% + 30%)

[0070] By weight percentage: 5% fluopyram, 2.5% fludioxonil, 30% thiamethoxam, 2% fatty alcohol ethylene oxide-epoxyalkane copolymer, 3% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene phosphate salt, 1% sodium lignosulfonate, 4% polyoxyethylene dehydrated sorbitan monooleate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.25% xanthan gum, 6% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% methylparaben, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0071] Preparation Example 4: 29% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Cyclofenac Seed Treatment Suspension (3% + 1% + 25%)

[0072] By weight percentage: 3% fluopyram, 1% fludioxonil, 25% thiamethoxam, 3% isotridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 3% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 2% sodium lignosulfonate, 2% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.25% xanthan gum, 7% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium p-hydroxybenzoate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0073] Preparation Example 5: 28% Fluopyram·Hydroxyfen·Cyclofenac Seed Treatment Suspension (1% + 2% + 25%)

[0074] By weight percentage: 1% fluopyram, 2% fludioxonil, 25% thiamethoxam, 2% ethylene glycol oxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 4% alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 1% sodium polycarboxylate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.25% xanthan gum, 6% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 2% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0075] Control Example 1: 7.5% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·fluopyram seed treatment suspension (5% + 2.5%)

[0076] By weight percentage: 5% fluopyram, 2.5% fludioxonil, 3% dehydrated sorbitan oleate polyoxyethylene ether, 3% naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3% tristyrene phenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.3% xanthan gum, 5% rose red pigment, 5% glycerol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 1% sodium sorbate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0077] Control Example 2: 30% Fluopyram·Hydroxynil·Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Suspension (5% + 25%)

[0078] By weight percentage: 5% fluopyram, 25% thiamethoxam, 3% phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, 3% polyoxyethylene dehydrated sorbitan monooleate, 3% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate salt, 2% naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, 1.5% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.2% xanthan gum, 4% rose red pigment, 5% ethylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.5% silicone defoamer, 0.5% benzisothiazolinone potassium, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0079] Control Example 3: 27.5% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (2.5% + 25%)

[0080] By weight percentage: 2.5% fludioxonil, 25% thiamethoxam, 2% glycerol fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ether, 2% EO / PO block copolymer, 4% styrene-phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1% polyacrylic acid emulsion, 0.2% xanthan gum, 6% rose red pigment, 5% propylene glycol, 1% magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.4% silicone defoamer, 2% sodium benzoate, deionized water to make up the balance.

[0081] Example 1: Indoor virulence determination of peanut white mold disease

[0082] The tested pathogen was Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

[0083] Test reagents: fluopyram, fludioxonil, and thiamethoxam technical grade.

[0084] Drug preparation: Dissolve the above-mentioned raw materials separately in suitable solvents, then dilute with 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution to prepare single-agent stock solutions. Different ratios are designed according to the purpose of mixing and drug activity. Each single agent and each mixture is prepared to the required series of mass concentrations. Under aseptic conditions, according to the test treatment, pre-melted and sterilized PDA medium is quantitatively added to a sterile conical flask. From low to high concentration, 10 mL of each prepared treatment solution is quantitatively pipetted and added to the conical flasks, thoroughly mixed, and then poured into petri dishes to prepare drug-containing plates of the corresponding concentrations. The optimal synergistic ratio of fluopyram and fludioxonil to *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum* is screened, and the above-ratio mixture is used as a fungicide combination, and thiamethoxam is compounded with it in different mass ratios. A 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution without added drugs is set as a blank control, with four replicates per treatment.

[0085] Under aseptic conditions, use a sterile punch to cut off a mycelial cake from the edge of the colony of the pre-cultured pathogen. Inoculate the mycelial cake onto the center of the drug-containing plate using an inoculator, cover the plate, and place it in a constant temperature incubator at 25±1℃ for incubation.

[0086] Data Statistics and Analysis: The growth of pathogenic mycelia was investigated based on the growth of bacteria in the blank control culture dishes. Colony diameter was measured using calipers, in millimeters (mm). The diameter of each colony was measured vertically once using the cross-sectional method, and the average value was taken.

[0087] Based on the survey results, the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of the tested target bacteria by each treatment concentration was calculated as a percentage (%). The calculation results were retained to two decimal places.

[0088] D = D1 - D2

[0089] In the formula:

[0090] D – Colony growth diameter;

[0091] D1—colony diameter;

[0092] D2 – Diameter of the mushroom cake.

[0093]

[0094] In the formula:

[0095] I – Mycelial growth inhibition rate;

[0096] D0—Correlation diameter of the blank control group;

[0097] D T — Diameter of colonies grown after chemical treatment.

[0098] Regression analysis was performed using the logarithmic values ​​of each agent concentration and the corresponding probability values ​​of mycelial growth inhibition. The EC50 of the virulence regression line was then calculated. 50 Values ​​and correlation coefficients.

[0099] Sun Yunpei's method: The synergistic effect of drug mixtures is evaluated based on the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC). A CTC ≥ 120 indicates a synergistic effect; a CTC ≤ 80 indicates an antagonistic effect; and a CTC < 120 indicates an additive effect.

[0100] Calculation of the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula:

[0103] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0104] S – EC of standard bactericides 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L);

[0105] M – EC of the mixture 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L).

[0106] TTI = TI A ×P A +TI B ×P B

[0107] In the formula:

[0108] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0109] TI A —A. Toxicity index of drug A;

[0110] P A —Percentage content of drug A in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%);

[0111] TI B —Toxicity index of drug B;

[0112] P B —Percentage content of agent B in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%).

[0113]

[0114] In the formula:

[0115] CTC – Cotoxicity Coefficient;

[0116] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0117] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures.

[0118] The test results are shown in the table below:

[0119] Table 1. Results of indoor bioassays of fluopyram, fludioxonil, and their compound mixtures against *Sclerotium affine*, the causal agent of peanut white mold.

[0120]

[0121] Fluopyram and fludioxonil have different mechanisms of action; therefore, their combined use can help overcome or delay the development of fungal resistance and improve control efficacy. Table 1 shows that the combination of fluopyram and fludioxonil has a good control effect on peanut white mold pathogens. Fluopyram's EC50 response to peanut white mold is also shown. 50 The EC50 concentration of fludioxonil against peanut white mold was 2.1158 mg / L. 50 The concentration was 0.5047 mg / L. Fluopyram and fludioxonil exhibited a synergistic effect within a ratio of 1:10 to 18:1; the co-toxicity coefficient of fluopyram and fludioxonil was greater than 130 at a ratio of 1:5 to 9:1, indicating a significant synergistic effect; however, at mass ratios of 1:15 and 20:1, an additive effect was observed. The most significant synergistic effect was observed at a mass ratio of 2:1, with a co-toxicity coefficient of 184.397 against peanut white mold.

[0122] Table 2. Results of indoor toxicity tests on fluopyram + fludioxonil mixture and its mixture with thiamethoxam against *Sclerotium affine*, the causal agent of peanut white mold.

[0123] Test reagents virulence regression equation <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg.L -1 )]]> Cotoxicity coefficient (CTC) Fluopyram: Fludioxonil (2:1) y = 1.561x + 5.4274 0.5323 / Thiamethoxam / / / Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 5:5:2.5 y = 1.6560x + 5.5141 0.4892 108.810 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 8:5:2.5 y = 1.4985x + 5.5136 0.4542 117.195 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 10:5:2.5 y = 1.5392x + 5.5726 0.4246 125.365 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 15:5:2.5 y = 1.4865x + 5.5816 0.4062 131.044 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 20:5:2.5 y = 1.5116x + 5.6279 0.3843 138.512 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 25:5:2.5 y = 1.3872x + 5.6046 0.3666 145.199 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 30:5:2.5 y = 1.4778x + 5.5745 0.4085 130.306 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 35:5:2.5 y = 1.3996x + 5.5217 0.4239 125.572 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 40:5:2.5 y = 1.4153x + 5.4148 0.5092 104.537 Thiamethoxam: Fluopyram: Fludioxonil = 45:5:2.5 y = 1.3529x + 5.363 0.5391 98.739

[0124] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against the causal agent of peanut white mold at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, making it impossible to calculate EC50. 50 And the toxicity regression equation.

[0125] Thiamethoxam is a broad-spectrum insecticide, but it has no significant activity against peanut white mold pathogen. Table 2 shows that the mixture of fluopyram and fludioxonil at a mass ratio of 5:2.5 (2:1) with thiamethoxam exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of peanut white mold pathogen. Specifically, the mass ratio of thiamethoxam:fluopyram:fludioxonil (10–35):5:2.5) showed a synergistic effect against peanut white mold pathogen, while the mass ratios of thiamethoxam:fluopyram:fludioxonil (40–45):5:2.5 and (5–8):5:2.5) showed an additive effect.

[0126] Indoor Example 2: Indoor Toxicity Determination of Peanut Root Rot Disease

[0127] The tested pathogen was Fusarium oxysporum.

[0128] Test reagents: fluopyram, fludioxonil, and thiamethoxam technical grade.

[0129] Preparation of the reagents: Dissolve the above-mentioned raw materials separately in suitable solvents, then dilute with 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution to prepare single-agent stock solutions. Different ratios are designed according to the purpose of mixing and the activity of the reagents. Each single agent and each mixture is prepared to the required series of mass concentrations. Under aseptic conditions, according to the experimental treatment, pre-melted and sterilized PDA medium is quantitatively added to sterile conical flasks. From low to high concentration, 10 mL of each prepared treatment solution is quantitatively pipetted and added to the conical flasks, thoroughly mixed, and then poured into petri dishes to prepare the corresponding concentration of drug-containing plates. The optimal synergistic ratio of fluopyram and fludioxonil against peanut root rot is screened, and the above-ratio mixture is used as a fungicide combination, and thiamethoxam is compounded with it in different mass ratios. A 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution without added reagents is set as a blank control, with four replicates per treatment.

[0130] Under aseptic conditions, use a sterile punch to cut off a mycelial cake from the edge of the colony of the pre-cultured pathogen. Inoculate the mycelial cake onto the center of the drug-containing plate using an inoculator, cover the plate, and place it in a constant temperature incubator at 28°C for incubation.

[0131] Data Statistics and Analysis: The growth of pathogenic mycelia was investigated based on the growth of bacteria in the blank control culture dishes. Colony diameter was measured using calipers, in millimeters (mm). The diameter of each colony was measured vertically once using the cross-sectional method, and the average value was taken.

[0132] Based on the survey results, the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of the tested target bacteria by each treatment concentration was calculated as a percentage (%). The calculation results were retained to two decimal places.

[0133] D = D1 - D2

[0134] In the formula:

[0135] D – Colony growth diameter;

[0136] D1—colony diameter;

[0137] D2 – Diameter of the mushroom cake.

[0138]

[0139] In the formula:

[0140] I – Mycelial growth inhibition rate;

[0141] D0—Correlation diameter of the blank control group;

[0142] D T — Diameter of colonies grown after chemical treatment.

[0143] Regression analysis was performed using the logarithmic values ​​of each agent concentration and the corresponding probability values ​​of mycelial growth inhibition. The EC50 of the virulence regression line was then calculated. 50 Values ​​and correlation coefficients.

[0144] Sun Yunpei's method: The synergistic effect of drug mixtures is evaluated based on the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC). A CTC ≥ 120 indicates a synergistic effect; a CTC ≤ 80 indicates an antagonistic effect; and a CTC < 120 indicates an additive effect.

[0145] Calculation of the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture:

[0146]

[0147] In the formula:

[0148] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0149] S – EC of standard bactericides 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L);

[0150] M – EC of the mixture 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L).

[0151] TTI = TI A ×P A +TI B ×P B

[0152] In the formula:

[0153] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0154] TI A —A. Toxicity index of drug A;

[0155] P A —Percentage content of drug A in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%);

[0156] TI B —Toxicity index of drug B;

[0157] P B —Percentage content of agent B in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%).

[0158]

[0159] In the formula:

[0160] CTC – Cotoxicity Coefficient;

[0161] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0162] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures.

[0163] The test results are shown in the table below:

[0164] Table 3. Results of indoor bioassays of fluopyram, fludioxonil, and their compound formulations against Fusarium oxysporum.

[0165]

[0166] Fluopyram and fludioxonil have different mechanisms of action, and their combined use can help overcome or delay the development of fungal resistance and improve control efficacy. Experimental results, as shown in Table 3, indicate that the combination of fluopyram and fludioxonil has a good control effect on the mycelial growth of *Fusarium oxysporum*. Fluopyram and fludioxonil at ratios of 1:15–20:1 all showed synergistic effects; the co-toxicity coefficient of fluopyram and fludioxonil at ratios of 1:10–18:1 against *Fusarium oxysporum* was greater than 130, indicating a significant synergistic effect; among them, the ratio of fluopyram to fludioxonil = 2:1 showed the best activity, with a co-toxicity coefficient of 197.651.

[0167] Table 4. Results of in vitro toxicity assays of fluopyram + fludioxonil mixture and its mixture with thiamethoxam against Fusarium oxysporum.

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] Note: Thiamethoxam showed no significant inhibitory activity against Fusarium oxysporum, the pathogen causing peanut root rot, at the highest designed concentration of 200 mg / L, making it impossible to calculate EC50. 50 And the toxicity regression equation.

[0171] Thiamethoxam is a broad-spectrum insecticide, but it has no significant activity against peanut root rot fungus. Table 4 shows the results of indoor experiments. The mixture of fluopyram and fludioxonil at a mass ratio of 5:2.5 (2:1) with thiamethoxam exhibited a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of *Fusarium oxysporum*. Specifically, the mass ratio of thiamethoxam:fluopyram:fludioxonil (15–40):5:2.5) showed a synergistic effect against *Fusarium oxysporum*, while the mass ratios of thiamethoxam:fluopyram:fludioxonil (45:5:2.5 and (5–10):5:2.5) showed an additive effect on *Fusarium oxysporum*.

[0172] Indoor Example 3: Indoor Toxicity Determination of Peanut Grubs

[0173] Test target: Holotrichia oblita, second-instar larvae kept indoors.

[0174] Test reagents: fluopyram, fludioxonil, and thiamethoxam technical grade.

[0175] Test basis: NY / T 1154.15-2009 "Guidelines for Indoor Bioassay Tests of Pesticides - Insecticides Part 15: Immersion Method for Underground Pests".

[0176] Drug preparation: Dissolve the above raw materials in a suitable solvent, and then dilute with 0.1% Tween-80 aqueous solution. Prepare single-dose stock solutions separately, and design 5 formulations according to the purpose of mixing and drug activity. Prepare 5 series of mass concentrations for each single agent and each formulation mixture according to the ratio method.

[0177] Procedure: Immerse the target insects in the drug solution for 10 seconds, remove them, and absorb the excess drug solution with filter paper. Repeat the treatment 4 times, with 20 insects immersed in each repeat. A treatment without the drug is set up as a blank control.

[0178] The test insects were transferred to glass tubes containing fresh peanut leaves as food, and the tube openings were covered with a damp black cloth. They were then raised and observed at 25±1℃ and 65%±5% relative humidity.

[0179] Investigate insect mortality 72 hours after treatment. Indication of insect mortality is based on significant shrinkage of the insect body or inability to move normally when punctured. Record the total number of insects and the number of dead insects.

[0180] Calculation method:

[0181] Based on the survey data, the corrected mortality rate for each treatment was calculated as a percentage (%); the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula:

[0184] P – Mortality rate, expressed as a percentage (%);

[0185] K represents the number of dead insects, in heads;

[0186] N represents the total number of insects treated, in units of heads.

[0187]

[0188] P1 – Corrected mortality rate, in percentage (%);

[0189] P t —The mortality rate is expressed as a percentage (%).

[0190] P0 – Mortality rate in the blank control group, expressed as a percentage (%).

[0191] If the control mortality rate is <5%, no correction is needed; if the mortality rate is between 5% and 20%, correction should be performed according to the above formula; if the control mortality rate is >20%, the experiment needs to be repeated.

[0192] Calculation of the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC value) of the mixture:

[0193]

[0194] In the formula:

[0195] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0196] S—LC50 of the standard reagent 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L);

[0197] M – LC of the mixture 50 The unit is milligrams per liter (mg / L).

[0198] TTI = TI A ×P A +TI B ×P B

[0199] In the formula:

[0200] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0201] TI A —A. Toxicity index of drug A;

[0202] P A —Percentage content of drug A in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%);

[0203] TI B —Toxicity index of drug B;

[0204] P B —Percentage content of agent B in the mixture, expressed as percentage (%).

[0205]

[0206] In the formula:

[0207] CTC – Cotoxicity Coefficient;

[0208] ATI – Actual Measured Toxicity Index of Mixtures;

[0209] TTI – Theoretical Toxicity Index of Mixtures.

[0210] The co-toxicity coefficient of the compound is ≥120, which shows a synergistic effect; CTC≤80 shows an antagonistic effect; and 80<CTC<120 shows an additive effect.

[0211] The results of the indoor bioactivity test are shown below:

[0212] Table 5. Results of the combined toxicity assay of "fluopyram + fludioxonil" mixture and its thiamethoxam mixture with peanut grubs.

[0213]

[0214]

[0215] Note: Fluopyram:fluopyram = 5:2.5 (2:1) showed no significant activity against peanut grubs at the designed maximum concentration of 200 mg / L, therefore the LC50 could not be calculated. 50 And the toxicity regression equation.

[0216] Table 5 shows the results of indoor activity assays, indicating that the mixture of fluopyram and fludioxonil showed no significant activity against peanut grubs. Thiamethoxam exhibited good toxicity against grubs, with EC50... 50 It is 4.6789 mg / L. -1 .

[0217] The experimental results show that combining fluopyram and fludioxonil with thiamethoxam in a ternary compound formulation can significantly increase the toxicity of thiamethoxam, enhance its control efficacy against grubs, and significantly reduce the dosage. Specifically, the mass ratio of thiamethoxam:fluopyram:fludioxonil (15-35):5:2.5) shows a synergistic effect on grubs, while the mass ratios of thiamethoxam:fluopyram:fludioxonil (10:5:2.5 and 40:5:2.5) show an additive effect on grubs.

[0218] Therefore, it can be seen that the combination of fluopyram and fludioxonil with thiamethoxam can significantly increase the toxicity of thiamethoxam, enhance the control effect on peanut grubs, and significantly reduce the dosage.

[0219] Example 4: Field efficacy test of pesticides for controlling soil-borne diseases in peanuts

[0220] Experimental Location: The field efficacy trial was conducted in May 2024 in Shengyuan Village, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, on a plot of land that had historically suffered from severe pest and disease outbreaks. The experimental plot was a peanut field that had been continuously cropped, and soil-borne peanut diseases had been quite severe for several years.

[0221] Experimental targets: peanut white mold disease and peanut root rot.

[0222] Experimental Design: The experiment included 11 treatments, 10 of which were chemical treatments, and a water control (CK). Each treatment was replicated four times, and each plot was 20 m². 2 The plots were randomly arranged. The peanut planting method was the same in all experimental plots: manual ridging, with a ridge width of 55cm and a ridge height of 20cm, double rows per ridge, and holes spaced 20cm apart, with 2 peanuts per hole.

[0223] Application time: Seed treatment on May 5th, sowing on May 6th.

[0224] Peanut emergence survey: The survey begins after the peanut seedlings have basically emerged. Five points are randomly selected from each plot, and 20 holes are surveyed at each point. The emergence time is recorded, the emergence rate is calculated, and the growth of peanuts is observed.

[0225]

[0226] Disease investigation methods: Peanut root rot was investigated 50 days after peanut seedling emergence, and white mold was investigated during peanut harvest. During the investigation, 100 plants were randomly sampled at 5 points in each plot, and the disease was classified and the number of diseased plants at each level was recorded.

[0227] Peanut root rot disease grading standards:

[0228] Level 0, no disease;

[0229] Grade 1: The roots are slightly discolored, with the discolored roots accounting for less than 10% of the total root system, and the plant is not wilting.

[0230] Grade 3: The roots are obviously brown, with discolored roots accounting for 10.1% to 30% of the total root system, and the plant begins to wilt;

[0231] Level 5: Discolored roots account for 30.1% to 50% of the total root system, and the plant is noticeably wilted;

[0232] Level 7: Discolored roots account for 50.1% to 80% of the total root system, and the plant wilts.

[0233] Level 9, the entire plant has died.

[0234] Peanut white mold disease grading standards:

[0235] Level 0: No disease;

[0236] Grade 1: Diseases only occur on the peanut roots, affecting 10% of the plant;

[0237] Level 3: Obvious lesions and discolored mycelia appear at the base of the peanut stem; 30% of the plants are affected.

[0238] Level 5: The base of the peanut stem turns black and white mycelium is obvious; 50% of the plants are infected.

[0239] Level 7: The entire peanut plant is covered with white mycelium at the root, the whole plant begins to wither, and 80% of the plants are infected;

[0240] Level 9: The entire peanut plant is completely covered with white mycelium, and the roots turn completely black and die.

[0241]

[0242] Yield survey: At harvest time, yield is measured, the yield of each plot is recorded, and the yield per hectare is calculated.

[0243]

[0244] The experimental results are shown below:

[0245] Table 6. Effects of each treatment on peanut emergence in the field.

[0246]

[0247]

[0248] Safety: According to the peanut emergence period survey, the emergence time of peanuts under all pesticide treatments and the water control was 12 days, with no significant difference. The peanut emergence rate was above 91.50%, and there was no significant difference between the emergence rate of each treatment and the control. It can be seen that the seed coating treatments had no effect on peanut emergence in the field and had good safety (see Table 6).

[0249] Table 7. Control effects of different treatments on peanut white mold disease.

[0250]

[0251] The results of the survey on peanut white mold disease during the harvest period showed that the treatment with 100g / 100kg of seeds treated with fluopyram + fludioxonil + thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension had a better control effect on peanut white mold disease. Compared with the control, the control single agent and the blank control, the disease index was reduced and it had a better control effect (see Table 7).

[0252] Table 8. Control effects of different treatments on peanut root rot.

[0253]

[0254]

[0255] The results of the survey on peanut root rot incidence showed that the treatment with 32.5% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (5%+2.5%+25%) at an active ingredient dosage of 100g / 100kg of seeds had the best control effect on peanut root rot. The second best treatment was the treatment with 37.5% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (5%+2.5%+20%) at an active ingredient dosage of 100g / 100kg of seeds (see Table 8).

[0256] Table 9. Effects of each treatment on peanut yield

[0257]

[0258] Peanut yields after harvest were measured for each treatment (see Table 9). Compared with the blank control, each treatment showed a certain degree of yield increase. The yield increase rate of the five treatment groups for the compound formulation of fluopyram + hydroxylamine + fludioxonil + thiamethoxam ranged from 5.66% to 6.36%.

[0259] Example 5: Field efficacy test for controlling peanut grubs

[0260] Experimental Location: Peanut field in Fangjia Village, Jimo City, Qingdao, Shandong Province. The soil texture was sandy loam, and the previous crop was corn. Soil moisture was good at the time of the experiment, and 35 kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) during land preparation. Cultivation conditions and management measures were consistent across all experimental plots. Peanuts were sown on May 3, 2024, using mulched, raised beds with a bed height of 10 cm and a bed width of 80 cm, planted in double rows, with two seeds per hole. Cultivation and management conditions were consistent across all plots, and no other pest or disease control measures were implemented during the experiment.

[0261] Peanut tested: Huayu 22.

[0262] Experimental subject: peanut grub.

[0263] Experimental Design: The experiment consisted of 9 treatments, with an equal volume of water sprayed as a blank control (CK). There were 4 replicates, arranged in a randomized block design, with each plot measuring 30 m². 2 .

[0264] Chemical treatment: The test agent was mixed with the seeds one day before sowing and then dried.

[0265] Experimental survey: At peanut harvest, the number of live grubs was surveyed at fixed points, the number of peanut pods damaged was recorded, and the damage was classified according to the severity of the damage.

[0266] Grade 0: Pods are intact and show no signs of damage;

[0267] Grade 1: The pods show signs of damage.

[0268] Grade 2: The pods have small holes, but the kernels are intact and the yield is not affected;

[0269] Grade 3: The pods have large holes caused by damage, and half of the kernels are damaged, affecting yield;

[0270] Level 4: Both pods and kernels are damaged by more than 1 / 2.

[0271] Survey Method: Diagonal sampling was used. Four points were surveyed in each plot, with a sample taken from each point at a depth of 0.5m. 2 During the survey, the soil depth was dug to a depth of 30cm. The number of live grubs, the total number of pods, and the number of damaged pods were recorded at each survey point, and the insect control effect and fruit preservation effect were calculated.

[0272] Methods for calculating drug efficacy:

[0273]

[0274] Table 10 Results of efficacy tests for each treatment against peanut grubs.

[0275]

[0276]

[0277] Within the dosage range used in this experiment, the tested pesticides did not cause phytotoxicity to peanuts. Field trial results showed that the tested pesticides exhibited good control and fruit-protection effects against peanut grubs throughout the entire experimental period. Among them, the 32.5% fluopyram·hydroxylamine·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension (5%+2.5%+25%) with an active ingredient dosage of 100g / 100kg of seeds showed the highest average control and fruit-protection effects against peanut grubs. Field trial results indicate that the compound pesticide fluopyram + fludioxonil + thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension has good control efficacy against peanut grubs. This pesticide is safe for peanuts within the dosage range used in this experiment and can be widely used.

[0278] In summary, this invention has verified through experiments that the mixture of fluopyram, fludioxonil, and thiamethoxam has a better control effect on peanut soil-borne diseases such as white mold and root rot, as well as peanut grubs, which are underground pests. It is safe for peanuts and significantly increases yield. It can effectively control pathogens and pests throughout the peanut growth period, reduce costs, and reduce pesticide usage. It has good guiding significance for field promotion and application.

[0279] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general description and specific embodiments, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A pesticidal composition comprising fluoxastrobin and fludioxonil, characterized in that, The pesticide composition comprises a fungicide and an insecticide, wherein the fungicide is fluoxastrobin and fludioxonil, and the insecticide is thiamethoxam. The mass ratio of fluoxastrobin to fludioxonil in the fungicide is 2:1, and the mass ratio of the fungicide to the insecticide is 3:4 to 3:

14.

2. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bactericide to the insecticide is 3:4, 1:2, 3:8, 3:10, 3:12, or 3:

14.

3. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the total content of the fungicide in the pesticide composition is 0.5% to 50%.

4. The pesticide composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the total content of the fungicide in the pesticide composition is 1% to 10%.

5. The pesticidal composition according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the total content of the fungicide in the pesticide composition is 2% to 8%.

6. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the insecticide content in the pesticide composition is 5% to 50%.

7. The pesticidal composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the insecticide content in the pesticide composition is 10% to 40%.

8. The pesticidal composition according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on a total weight of 100 wt% of the pesticide composition, the insecticide content in the pesticide composition is 15% to 30%.

9. The pesticide composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pesticide composition further includes adjuvants selected from one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, thickeners, disintegrants, antifreeze agents, defoamers, solvents, preservatives, stabilizers, warning colors, film-forming agents, synergists, and carriers.

10. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pesticide composition is formulated as any one of seed treatment suspension, microcapsule suspension, or dry seed dressing agent.

11. The pesticidal composition according to claim 10, characterized in that, The pesticide composition is formulated as a seed treatment suspension.

12. Use of a pesticide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 for controlling plant diseases and / or insect pests, characterized in that, The plant in question is peanut, and the peanut diseases are peanut white mold and peanut root rot; the peanut pest is grub.

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