Multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short edge measurement method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short edge measurement method. The invention discloses a multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short edge measurement method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, simulating and optimizing a control net shape; s2, carrying out analogue simulation calculation on an error in a pre-test run-through; s3, acquiring multi-modal measurement data; and S4, carrying out multi-source observation value fixed weight comprehensive processing. According to the comprehensive control tunnel short edge measurement method based on the multi-source observation value, multi-modal measurement means such as optimization of an auxiliary tunnel line shape, segmented transmission orientation, common point and corner intersection, full-conductor transverse short distance measurement and gyro orientation are adopted for in-tunnel conductor short edge transmission, data are comprehensively analyzed and processed, and the measurement accuracy of the short edge of the tunnel is improved. The adverse effect of short edges on control azimuth angle transmission in the tunnel is eliminated and weakened, and the tunnel through precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, and in particular to a method for measuring short sides of a tunnel using comprehensive control of multi-source observation values. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel construction, the midline points with penetration mileage on the two construction midlines excavated in opposite directions do not coincide, and the spatial line segment connecting the two midline points is called penetration error. The longitudinal and elevation penetration errors affect the tunnel length and slope respectively, while the transverse penetration error mainly affects the line direction. When the error exceeds the limit, it will change the geometry of the tunnel, causing the tunnel structure to invade the building limit, causing serious quality problems.

[0003] Due to the limitation of tunnel shape and space, the conductor in the tunnel can only be laid out as a straight-extended belt-shaped control network. There is a lack of constraints at the end of the conductor before the tunnel is penetrated, and the control network has a large risk of lateral swing. In the construction of auxiliary tunnels, due to the influence of plane turning and vertical slope changes, the line of sight of the control network is often limited, and only the short side can be laid out. Affected by errors such as centering, eccentricity, focusing, aiming, and vertical axis non-verticality, the azimuth transmission will produce large errors, and the risk of lateral swing of the control network will increase geometrically.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a measurement method that can reduce the influence of the short side on the azimuth transmission and improve the control accuracy in the tunnel to solve at least one of the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the short side of a tunnel by using multi-source observation values ​​to comprehensively control the short side of the tunnel in view of the adverse effect of the short side on the azimuth transmission of the control network.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for measuring the short side of a tunnel with comprehensive control of multi-source observation values, comprising the following steps: S1: Simulate and optimize the control network; S2: Simulation calculation of pre-test penetration error; S3: Multimodal measurement data acquisition; S4: Weighted comprehensive processing of multi-source observations.

[0007] In step S1, the simulation optimization control grid shape includes: S11: Use computer-aided design software to establish the horizontal and vertical models of the tunnel; S12: Fully consider factors such as tunnel horizontal and vertical orientation, structural dimensions, conductor side length and line of sight conditions, and simulate the layout of each control network point and line of sight orientation; S13: Focus on whether factors such as large radius turning curves in auxiliary tunnels, continuous turning of tunnel openings and bell mouths, and sharp changes in the longitudinal slope of inclined shafts cause short sides of the conductors; S14: When the simulation shows a short side and it is difficult to meet the tunnel penetration accuracy requirements, we will work with relevant departments to comprehensively study and optimize the plan based on factors such as tunnel function, change cost, drainage and driving economy, trolley turning, equipment travel and support safety; S15: Avoid the formation of short sides as much as possible by adjusting the position of the curve, the direction of the tunnel, the curve radius, etc.

[0008] In step S2, the simulation calculation of the pre-test penetration error includes: S21: According to the distribution of the control network after simulation optimization, determine the field measurement plan, and use the Monte Carlo simulation method to carry out simulation calculations based on the control network level, instrument accuracy and the influence of various errors; S22: According to the distribution interval of the penetration error calculated by simulation, the control network level, network layout and observation type are optimized to determine the comprehensive measurement plan; In step S3, the multimodal measurement data collection includes: S31: Strengthen the network of in-hole connection measurement. By strengthening the network of in-hole connection measurement, the plane in-hole connection measurement of double measuring stations and double back-sight edge network is realized, two transmission lines are formed, and the internal and external benchmarks of the tunnel form edge connections, which increases the redundant observation amount and makes the in-hole connection measurement network more stable.

[0009] S32: Enhanced full-traverse network structure. The connecting edge between two control points in the same mileage section is measured, so that the measurement direction of each control point is increased to 5. Considering that the connecting edge is usually close, the error caused by the horizontal angle transmission of the short side will make the distribution of the angle error of the whole network uneven. Therefore, the angle measurement element of the connecting edge is abandoned, and only the distance measurement is used to strengthen the lateral structure of the control network. The enhanced full-traverse network has more redundant observations, higher network strength, and stronger lateral swing control ability.

[0010] S33: Three-instrument mutual aiming method is used to transfer the short side. The three-instrument mutual aiming method commonly used in industrial measurement systems is used. Three total stations are set up at any position at both ends of the short side, and they are used as measuring stations and targets to aim at each other. The influence of the centering error of the measuring points at both ends of the short side on the azimuth transfer is avoided.

[0011] S34: Common point corner intersection measurement. Common control points use fixed prisms, which only need to remain stable during the transfer process. The measuring station instrument uses free station setting, and the instrument and the target do not need to be aligned, which can avoid the influence of the centering error of the instrument and the target on the orientation transfer under short-distance conditions. In the sections formed by the short sides, several common prisms are used instead of control points to form a "linear network" to transfer the coordinates and orientation of the control points as a whole, replacing the traditional single-side transfer. The common prisms between adjacent measuring stations only need to have line of sight with the adjacent measuring stations, and there is no need for line of sight between the common prisms and the measuring station points. In terms of line of sight between points, it has less restrictions than traditional measurement methods and has higher accuracy, reliability and flexibility.

[0012] S35: Segmented transfer of the starting orientation of the double tunnels. Due to the changes in the surrounding rock, the double tunnel tunnel often changes different caverns as the advance excavation working surface. The control benchmark in the tunnel needs to be transferred between the two caverns as the plan is adjusted. The connection measurement mainly relies on the cross channel, which leads to the short side transfer. In this regard, based on the use of the enhanced full-conductor network and the common point corner intersection hybrid network for joint measurement, the segmented transfer of the starting orientation of the double tunnels is adopted according to the characteristics of the long side between two adjacent cross channels, so as to reduce the influence of the short side transfer angle from different angles.

[0013] S36: Add gyro orientation edge. For the narrow and straight tunnel conductor network, the weakest edge in azimuth is located at the end of the conductor farthest from the known azimuth, that is, the control edge closest to the excavation surface. After adding gyro orientation to this edge, if the observation value is directly constrained, the control network can be regarded as an azimuth-compliant conductor, but at the same time, the error caused by gyro orientation will also affect the lateral penetration error of the tunnel to a certain extent. Adding orientation edges at appropriate positions of the conductor network and determining a certain weight ratio relationship are beneficial to the overall accuracy of the control network. Through analysis, it is found that gyro orientation technology can significantly improve the accuracy of the conductor in the tunnel, but the orientation edge is generally not used directly as a constraint edge, and its strength coefficient needs to be analyzed. When the gyro orientation accuracy is close to the conductor observation accuracy, the orientation edge can generally be treated as a strong edge.

[0014] In step S4, the weighted comprehensive processing of multi-source observation values ​​includes: S41: Integrate the observation data of "dual-line connection measurement + segmented transmission azimuth + enhanced full-conductor network + common point corner intersection network + horizontal short side distance constraint + gyroscopic orientation constraint", provide observation information with different coverage, different perspectives and different attributes, determine the reasonable weight ratio relationship according to the sensor characteristics and measurement accuracy in a large amount of redundant observation data, and carry out data processing; S42: The multi-modal control network construction scheme and multi-source observation value structure are complex, and it is necessary to build an adjustment model based on different weighting methods and design an adjustment scheme in a targeted manner; S43: The characteristic of the direction-conforming traverse network is that the adjustment is generally only performed on the observation angle and the conforming azimuth, and the mathematical model used by the main network is the correlation indirect adjustment method; S44: replacing all original observation values ​​of each wire section with three related observation values ​​between adjacent nodes (including known points), performing network adjustment on the related observation values, and then adjusting each single wire according to the adjustment result, and the adjustment of the single wire adopts the conditional adjustment method; S45: When a double-hole tunnel using a transverse channel transfer benchmark adopts a segmented transfer starting azimuth scheme, a corresponding weight ratio is assigned to the recalculated long side starting azimuth, and comprehensive data processing of multi-network observation values ​​is performed; S46: The tunnel penetration error is estimated based on the control network structure and accuracy after adjustment. When the calculated lateral penetration error is better than the control allocation limit in the tunnel, it is used to guide tunnel construction after considering the reasonable connection with the original control results in the tunnel.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for measuring the short side of a tunnel based on comprehensive control of multi-source observation values. For the short side transfer of the conductor in the tunnel, multi-modal measurement means such as optimizing the linear shape of auxiliary tunnels, segmented transfer azimuth, common point corner intersection, full conductor horizontal short-distance measurement and gyro orientation are adopted to comprehensively analyze and process data, eliminate and weaken the adverse effects of the short side on the control azimuth transfer in the tunnel, and improve the tunnel penetration accuracy.

[0016] The method for measuring short sides of a tunnel based on comprehensive control of multi-source observation values ​​provided by the present invention is suitable for in-tunnel control measurements of short sides in railway, highway, subway, water conservancy and other projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for comprehensive control of tunnel short side measurement by multi-source observation values ​​provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a network diagram of the starting position of segmented transmission. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0020] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, directional words such as "up, down, top, bottom" are usually used with reference to the directions shown in the drawings or are used to describe the relative positional relationships of components in the vertical, perpendicular or gravity direction.

[0021] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0022] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring the short side of a tunnel by comprehensive control of multi-source observation values. Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for comprehensively controlling the short side measurement of a tunnel using multi-source observation values, and the method comprises the following steps: S1) simulating and optimizing the control grid; S2) calculating the pre-test penetration error by simulation; S3) acquiring multi-modal measurement data; and S4) weighting and comprehensive processing of multi-source observation values.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for measuring the short side of a tunnel by comprehensively controlling the short side of a multi-source observation value. For the short side transfer of the conductor in the tunnel, multi-modal measurement means such as optimizing the linear shape of auxiliary tunnels, segmented transfer azimuth, common point corner intersection, full conductor horizontal short-distance measurement and gyro orientation are adopted to comprehensively analyze and process data, eliminate and weaken the adverse effects of the short side on the control azimuth transfer in the tunnel, and improve the tunnel penetration accuracy.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for measuring the short side of a tunnel with a comprehensive control of multi-source observation values, which mainly includes analyzing the reasons why the auxiliary tunnel linear design leads to the formation of short sides, and specifically proposing solutions and measures for optimizing the linear shape to eliminate the short sides; simulating the control network and observation data in combination with factors such as the control network structure and multi-source observation value errors, using the Monte Carlo method to carry out simulation calculations, and realizing the prior value estimation of the tunnel penetration error under multivariate observation conditions; using two rear-view azimuths and two transmission lines to carry out in-hole connection measurements, with more redundant observations and stronger connection stability; the control points in the network observe and collect data for adjacent targets, wherein the distance between two control points located in the same mileage section is relatively close, and the angle observation value is not included in the data processing, and only the distance of the side is used to strengthen the lateral constraint of the control network. The enhanced full-traverse network has more redundant observations, higher network strength, and stronger lateral swing control ability; when transmitting the horizontal angle of the longitudinal short side in the traverse network, three total stations are used to aim at each other and serve as measuring stations and targets. There is no need to center the transmission process to avoid the adverse effects of instrument centering and target eccentricity errors on the short side transmission azimuth; on the basis of the full-traverse network, the automatic aiming function of the measuring robot ATR is used to perform free station corner intersection measurement, and a certain number of fixed common points are used to transmit the observation elements of different measuring stations to avoid the adverse effects of instrument centering and target eccentricity errors on the short side transmission azimuth; in view of the situation where the double-hole tunnel transmits the control network through the cross channel, it is proposed that the adjacent cross channels rely on high-precision distance measurement to transmit the coordinate reference respectively, and use the coordinate reference connected by the long side for the two-segment azimuth calculation. The angle error of the short side transmission only affects the longitudinal position of the field edge, and the transverse position, that is, the azimuth accuracy, is mainly controlled by distance measurement. In view of the relatively small difficulty in controlling the accuracy of short-side ranging, the use of segmented transmission of the starting azimuth can improve the azimuth accuracy of the short-side transmission of the horizontal channel; establish an evaluation method and index for gyro orientation accuracy, design the position of the additional gyro orientation edge, and determine the adjustment conditions based on the actual orientation accuracy; integrate the observation data of "dual-line connection measurement + segmented transmission of azimuth + strengthening of the full conductor network + public point corner intersection network + horizontal short side distance constraint + gyro orientation constraint" to provide observation information with different coverage, different perspectives, and different attributes, determine a reasonable weight ratio relationship based on sensor characteristics and measurement accuracy in a large amount of redundant observation data, and conduct comprehensive and rigorous adjustment.

[0025] Specifically, in order to simulate and optimize the control network, in step S1), a tunnel horizontal and vertical model is established using computer-aided design software, taking into full account factors such as the horizontal and vertical direction of the tunnel, structural dimensions, conductor side lengths and visibility conditions, and simulating the layout of each control network point and the direction of sight; focusing on whether factors such as large-radius turning curves in auxiliary tunnels, continuous turning of tunnel entrances and bell mouths, and sharp changes in the longitudinal slope of inclined shafts cause short sides of the conductors; when short sides appear in the simulation and it is difficult to meet the tunnel penetration accuracy requirements, in conjunction with relevant departments, a comprehensive study of optimization plans is conducted based on factors such as tunnel functions, change costs, drainage and driving economy, trolley turning, equipment travel and support safety, and the formation of short sides is avoided as much as possible by adjusting the position of the curves, tunnel direction, curve radius, etc.

[0026] When calculating the pre-test through-error in simulation, specifically, in step S2), the field measurement plan is determined according to the distribution of the control network after simulation optimization, and the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to carry out simulation calculation according to the control network level, instrument accuracy and the influence of various errors; the simulated observation values ​​and actual observation values ​​generated by the Monte Carlo simulation method can be regarded as sub-samples of the same parent distribution, and the simulation calculation results will be similar to the actual results. The observation elements calculated by the distribution of the control network can be regarded as true values. Using the characteristics of accidental errors, a random number is added to each observation element according to a certain mathematical model, and the random number has statistical properties similar to the observation error. In this way, the error of the observation element obtained by simulation has the randomness of obeying the normal distribution, which is the same as the nature of the measured data; by adjusting the data of each batch of simulated observation elements, the reliability and stability distribution of the control network can be obtained; according to the distribution interval of the through-error calculated by simulation, the control network level, network layout and observation type are optimized to determine the comprehensive measurement plan.

[0027] In one embodiment, the Monte Carlo method can be used to study the law of error size and sign change, analyze and compare multiple batches of distorted digital models to understand the various forms of error impact, provide guidance for field and indoor work, verify the reliability of theoretical analysis, and reduce field workload.

[0028] In order to collect multimodal measurement data, specifically, in step S3), by strengthening the in-hole connection measurement network, the plane in-hole connection measurement of the double measuring station and double back-sight edge network is realized, two transmission lines are formed, and the inside and outside benchmarks of the tunnel form an edge connection, which increases the redundant observation quantity and makes the in-hole connection measurement network more stable; further strengthen the network structure, measure the connecting edge between two control points in the same mileage section, so that the measurement direction of each control point is increased to 5. Considering that the connecting edge is usually close, the error generated by the horizontal angle transmission of the short side will make the distribution of the angle error of the whole network uneven, so the angle measurement element of the connecting edge is abandoned, and only the distance measurement is used to strengthen the lateral structure of the control network. The strengthened full-line network has more redundant observation quantities, higher network strength, and stronger lateral swing control ability; three total stations are respectively set up at any position at both ends of the short side, and they are used as measuring stations and targets to aim at each other, and the influence of the centering error of the measuring points at both ends of the short side on the azimuth angle transmission is avoided; the public control point uses a fixed prism to keep it stable during the transmission process. The station instrument adopts free station setting, and the instrument and the target do not need to be aligned, which can avoid the influence of the alignment error between the instrument and the target on the direction transmission under short-distance conditions. In the section formed by the short side, several public prisms are used to replace the control points to form a "linear network" to transmit the coordinates and directions of the control points as a whole, replacing the traditional single-side transmission; according to the characteristics of the long side between two adjacent transverse channels, the starting direction of the double holes is transmitted in sections to reduce the influence of the short side transmission angle from different angles; the gyro orientation side is measured at the appropriate position of the wire network to determine a certain weight ratio relationship and improve the overall accuracy of the control network.

[0029] In one embodiment, through experimental data comparison, the operation methods of the total station aiming method and the external sighting method are basically the same, and the measurement results are of comparable accuracy, both of which can meet the basic requirements for precise azimuth transmission of the short side. However, during the aiming process, the crosshair image has high requirements for focusing, and it is difficult to aim when the line of sight is greater than 10m. The total station external sighting method has a relatively improved mutual aiming accuracy as the distance increases, but it is necessary to focus on the observation direction. When the front and rear sight distances are large, the focusing error will have an adverse effect on the angle accuracy. In practical applications, the specific mutual aiming method of the three instruments can be determined based on the length of the short side and the ratio of the adjacent side lengths.

[0030] In one embodiment, the distance between the common prisms is kept roughly uniform, and a regular symmetrical pattern is formed by a high density of common points. There are many redundant observations, which can better eliminate gross errors and ensure measurement accuracy. The line of sight between the free station and the common prism avoids the tunnel side wall, avoiding the influence of refraction beside the parallel line of sight. The common prisms between adjacent measuring stations only need to have line of sight with the adjacent measuring stations, and there is no need for line of sight between the common prisms and the measuring stations. In terms of line of sight between points, it has less constraints than traditional measurement methods and has higher accuracy, reliability and flexibility.

[0031] In one embodiment, the control reference needs to be transferred from the left hole to the right hole. When the long side formed by the adjacent transverse channel is used as the starting azimuth of the right hole control network, the short side angle of the transverse channel that is prone to errors only affects the longitudinal position of the long side of the right hole. The transverse position, that is, the azimuth accuracy, is mainly affected by the distance measurement accuracy. This phenomenon is proportional to the verticality of the transverse channel. The distance measurement accuracy is less affected by the short side. The accuracy is checked and adjusted by the redundant distance observations. The closed loop test and adjustment including the short side angle observations are not performed. The short side angle closure error is not tested and adjusted. The right hole control network directly uses the four directions formed by the transfer reference points as the starting directions, and the angle error of the short side of the transverse channel is further reduced.

[0032] In one embodiment, it is found through analysis that gyro orientation technology can significantly improve the accuracy of the wire in the cave, but the orientation edge is generally not directly used as a constraint edge, and its strength coefficient needs to be analyzed. When the gyro orientation accuracy is close to the wire observation accuracy, the orientation edge can generally be treated as a strong edge.

[0033] In order to carry out weighted comprehensive processing of multi-source observation values, specifically, in step S4), the observation data of "dual-line connection measurement + segmented transmission azimuth + enhanced full-conductor network + common point corner intersection network + horizontal short side distance constraint + gyro orientation constraint" are integrated to provide observation information with different coverage, different perspectives and different attributes, and determine the reasonable weight ratio relationship according to the sensor characteristics and measurement accuracy in a large amount of redundant observation data to carry out data processing.

[0034] In one embodiment, the multi-modal control network construction scheme and multi-source observation value structure are complex, and it is necessary to construct an adjustment model based on different weighting methods and design an adjustment scheme in a targeted manner. The characteristic of the direction-conforming traverse network is that the adjustment generally only adjusts the observation angle and the conforming azimuth, and the mathematical model used by the main network is the related indirect adjustment method.

[0035] In one embodiment, three related observation values ​​between adjacent nodes (including known points) are used to replace all original observation values ​​of each wire section, and network adjustment is performed on the related observation values. Then, each single wire is adjusted based on the adjustment result. The adjustment of the single wire adopts the conditional adjustment method.

[0036] In one embodiment, when a double-hole tunnel using a transverse channel transfer benchmark adopts a segmented transfer starting azimuth scheme, a corresponding weight is assigned to the recalculated long side starting azimuth, and comprehensive data processing of multi-network observation values ​​is performed.

[0037] In one embodiment, the tunnel penetration error is estimated post-verification based on the control network structure and accuracy after adjustment. When the calculated lateral penetration error is better than the control allocation limit in the tunnel, it is used to guide tunnel construction after considering the reasonable connection with the original control results in the tunnel.

[0038] The multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short side measurement method provided by the present invention adopts multi-modal measurement means such as optimizing auxiliary tunnel line shape, segmented transfer azimuth, common point corner intersection, full-conductor horizontal short-distance measurement and gyro orientation for the short side transfer of the conductor in the tunnel, comprehensively analyzes and processes the data, eliminates and weakens the adverse effects of the short side on the control azimuth transfer in the tunnel, and improves the tunnel penetration accuracy.

[0039] When using simulation calculation to simulate the accuracy of the control network, the traditional method requires collecting measured data under different conditions at the construction site for analysis. In order to provide a suitable on-site measurement environment, the normal construction operation process needs to be adjusted, which will have a great impact on the construction progress and cost. Taking the simulation analysis of the accuracy of a tunnel control network as an example, the traditional method requires a lot of manpower and material resources, while the simulation calculation only requires the configuration of an ordinary computer and the corresponding simulation calculation software, with obvious efficiency and cost gains. A single simulation calculation can save 224,000 yuan in economic costs and increase efficiency by about 90%.

[0040] The auxiliary tunnel of the tunnel is often affected by plane turning, vertical slope changes, etc., and it is very easy to cause short sides at the entrance position and the bell mouth position connecting the main tunnel due to the limited line of sight distance. Affected by errors such as centering, eccentricity, focusing, aiming, and vertical axis non-verticality, the azimuth transmission will produce large errors, and the risk of lateral swing of the control network will increase geometrically. Through the collection and comprehensive analysis of various types of observation values, the error caused by the short side transmission azimuth is greatly reduced, and the lateral swing of the narrow strip control network is limited to a certain extent, which can further improve the lateral penetration accuracy of the tunnel and reduce the quality risks such as structure intrusion and line unevenness caused by penetration errors.

[0041] As the national economic development continues to increase the demand for transportation network infrastructure, the construction level of long and large tunnels is also steadily improving. With the gradual increase in the length of newly built tunnels in key projects, tunnel control measurement is the core of tunnel engineering measurement, and the form and measurement method of the control wire network layout in the tunnel are very important. Through the comprehensive analysis and experimental application of various forms of measurement methods, it has a positive significance to improve the accuracy of the tunnel control network and ensure that the increasingly longer tunnels can be smoothly connected. It has great popularity and wide promotion and application value.

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0044] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the short side of a tunnel using multi-source observations for comprehensive control, characterized in that: include: S1: Simulate and optimize the control network; S2: Simulation calculation of pre-test penetration error; S3: Multimodal measurement data acquisition; S4: Weighted comprehensive processing of multi-source observations.

2. The multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short side measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1 comprises: S11: Use computer-aided design software to establish the horizontal and vertical models of the tunnel; S12: Fully consider the horizontal and vertical directions of the tunnel, structural dimensions, conductor side lengths and line of sight conditions, and simulate the layout of each control point and the line of sight direction; S13: Focus on whether the large radius turning curves of the auxiliary tunnel, the continuous turning of the cave entrance and bell mouth, and the sharp change of the longitudinal slope of the inclined shaft cause the short side of the conductor; S14: When the simulation shows a short side and it is difficult to meet the tunnel penetration accuracy requirements, we will work with relevant departments to comprehensively study and optimize the plan based on tunnel functions, change costs, drainage and driving economy, trolley turning, equipment travel and support safety; S15: Avoid the formation of short sides by adjusting the position of the curve, the direction of the tunnel, the radius of the curve, etc.

3. The multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short side measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S2 comprises: S21: According to the distribution of the control network after simulation optimization, determine the field measurement plan, and use the Monte Carlo simulation method to carry out simulation calculations based on the control network level, instrument accuracy and the influence of various errors; S22: Based on the distribution range of penetration errors calculated by simulation, the control network level, network layout and observation type are optimized to determine the comprehensive measurement plan.

4. The multi-source observation value comprehensive control tunnel short side measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: S31: Strengthen the network of in-hole connection measurement: By strengthening the network of in-hole connection measurement, the plane in-hole connection measurement of double measuring stations and double back-sight edge network is realized, forming two transmission lines, and the internal and external benchmarks of the tunnel form edge connections; S32: Enhanced full-line network structure: Measure the connecting edge between two control points in the same mileage section, so that the measurement direction of each control point is increased to 5, and the angle measurement element of the connecting edge is abandoned. Only the distance measurement is used to strengthen the lateral structure of the control network; S33: Three-instrument mutual aiming method to transfer the short side: The three total stations commonly used in industrial measurement systems are used for mutual aiming. The three total stations are set up at any position at both ends of the short side, respectively, and serve as the measuring station and the target to aim at each other. The influence of the centering error of the measuring points at both ends of the short side on the azimuth transfer is avoided; S34: Public point corner intersection measurement: Public control points use fixed prisms, which only need to be kept stable during the transmission process. The station instrument uses free station setting, and the instrument and the target do not need to be aligned, avoiding the influence of the centering error between the instrument and the target on the orientation transmission under short-distance conditions; In the sections formed by the short side, several public prisms are used instead of control points to form a "linear network" to transmit the coordinates and orientation of the control points as a whole, replacing the traditional single-side transmission; the public prisms between adjacent stations only need to have line of sight with the adjacent stations, and there is no need for line of sight between the public prisms and the station points, in terms of line of sight between points; S35: Segmented transfer of the starting orientation of the double holes: Based on the joint measurement using the enhanced full-conductor network and the common point corner intersection hybrid network, according to the characteristics of the long side between two adjacent transverse channels, the segmented transfer of the starting orientation of the double holes is adopted to reduce the influence of the short side transfer angle from different angles; S36: Add the gyro orientation edge.

5. The method for measuring short sides of a tunnel using multi-source observation values ​​for comprehensive control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S4 comprises: S41: Integrate the observation data of "dual-line connection measurement + segmented transmission azimuth + enhanced full-conductor network + common point corner intersection network + short-side distance constraint + gyroscopic orientation constraint", provide observation information with different coverage, different perspectives and different attributes, determine the reasonable weight ratio relationship among a large amount of redundant observation data according to sensor characteristics and measurement accuracy, and carry out data processing; S42: Constructing adjustment models based on different weighting methods; S43: The characteristic of the direction-conforming traverse network is that the adjustment is generally only performed on the observation angle and the conforming azimuth, and the mathematical model used by the main network is the correlation indirect adjustment method; S44: replacing all original observation values ​​of each wire section with three related observation values ​​between adjacent nodes, performing network adjustment on the related observation values, and then adjusting each single wire according to the adjustment result; S45: When a double-hole tunnel using a transverse channel transfer benchmark adopts a segmented transfer starting azimuth scheme, a corresponding weight ratio is assigned to the recalculated long side starting azimuth, and comprehensive data processing of multi-network observation values ​​is performed; S46) The tunnel penetration error is estimated based on the structure and accuracy of the control network after adjustment. When the calculated lateral penetration error is better than the allocated limit of the in-tunnel control, it is used to guide the tunnel construction after considering the reasonable connection with the original in-tunnel control results.

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