Methods for constructing carbon emission measurement models for slope ecological protection

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of carbon emission calculation model construction technology, specifically disclosing a method for constructing a carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection, including the following steps: obtaining an analysis framework diagram for analyzing the carbon sources throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection; inputting the analysis framework diagram into an analysis module for text recognition and extraction to obtain several stage nodes representing the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection; defining parameters for the influencing factors affecting the carbon emissions of each stage node through a preset parameter configuration module, and constructing a sub-node carbon emission model for carbon emissions by classifying and loading the corresponding influencing factors and parameters under each node; summarizing all sub-node carbon emission models under each stage node to form a stage summary carbon emission model for the corresponding stage; and forming a carbon emission calculation model for calculating the carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection from the stage summary carbon emission model obtained from each stage node.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission calculation model construction technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection. Background Technology

[0002] Over the past century, the global average surface temperature has increased by 0.6 ± 0.2°C, with human activities causing an increase in greenhouse gases considered the primary cause. CO2, as a significant component of atmospheric greenhouse gases, has seen its contribution to global total radiation steadily increase due to its rapid rise in atmospheric concentration over the past decade.

[0003] The construction, industry, and transportation sectors are the three major sources of CO2 emissions. The transportation sector accounts for nearly 25% of global energy-related CO2 emissions annually. Highway engineering, as a fundamental and strategic project, has consistently seen faster development and higher priority than other sectors. Simultaneously, as highway engineering becomes increasingly comprehensive, many projects face complex conditions such as mountains, hills, and tunnels. The construction of these projects creates large areas of exposed, steep slopes, leading to various slope stability issues. In recent years, with the vigorous promotion of ecological civilization construction, slope protection engineering has gradually shifted from engineering-based slope protection to ecological slope protection. Ecological slope protection is a green and reliable technology that maximizes the protection of the local ecological environment while ensuring slope stability. How to quantitatively reflect the carbon emissions of engineering projects and their environmental impact is of great significance for the development of ecological civilization construction in the field of slope protection engineering. Life cycle assessment, as one of the environmental management tools that has received much attention in recent years, can effectively solve this problem. Currently, life cycle assessment has been widely applied in many fields, but research on its application in slope protection engineering is scarce. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing a carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection.

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide a method for constructing a carbon emission measurement model for slope ecological protection, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtain an analytical framework diagram for analyzing the carbon sources throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection;

[0007] The analysis framework diagram is input into the analysis module for text recognition and extraction to obtain several stage nodes that represent the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection;

[0008] The boundary is defined for each stage node using the definition module, and the boundary definition is written into the rule node;

[0009] The parameter configuration module defines the parameters of the influencing factors that affect the carbon emissions of each stage node. The parameter definition is set within the boundary definition range. At the same time, the influencing factors affecting the stage nodes are classified. Each stage node is divided into at least two sub-nodes represented by the influencing factors and the influence boundary is defined by the classification. The corresponding influencing factors and parameters are loaded under each node to construct the sub-node carbon emission model of carbon emissions.

[0010] The stage-wide carbon emission model for each stage is formed by summing up the carbon emission models of all child nodes under each stage node.

[0011] The carbon emission calculation model is formed by summarizing the carbon emissions from each stage node to calculate the carbon emissions of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle.

[0012] Furthermore, the analysis module has:

[0013] Identification unit;

[0014] The configuration unit is used to set the recognition parameters of the recognition unit through a set configuration program. By setting the recognition parameters, the recognition depth of the recognition unit is configured so that when the recognition unit performs analysis framework diagram recognition, it can recognize to the level set for the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection, so as to obtain the stage nodes of the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection.

[0015] Furthermore, the configuration program of the configuration unit has:

[0016] At least one decomposition rule for decomposing recognition parameters, wherein the decomposition rule is used to perform structured decomposition of the engineering stages extracted by the recognition unit to obtain at least one textual description field corresponding to the engineering stage, and the textual description field is stored in the configuration library as a storage list of engineering stage structured parameters.

[0017] The decomposition rules are written into a logic script, and the logic script is linked into the recognition unit to form the recognition logic of the recognition unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the decomposition rules are serialized according to the set recognition parameter levels and then translated into code to be written into the logic script.

[0019] Furthermore, the definition module has:

[0020] Preset definition interface;

[0021] The loading unit, connected to the configuration unit set in the analysis module, is used to load the configuration library;

[0022] The interpolation unit, connected to the loading unit, sequentially retrieves text description fields according to the storage list, compiles the text description fields into logical control characters for boundary indication, uses the logical control characters as a dictionary for boundary definition, and interpolates them into the definition interface by writing execution statements into the dictionary.

[0023] In the definition interface, after inputting the data information corresponding to the stage node, the corresponding data information is matched in the dictionary to obtain several logical control characters. The logical control characters form a logical judgment indication range, and the boundary definition is obtained through the logical judgment indication range.

[0024] Furthermore, when defining parameters for the impact factors of carbon emissions, the following are included:

[0025] The influencing factors that directly cause plant carbon sink loss are defined as parameters in the first form.

[0026] The influencing factors of plant carbon sequestration loss caused indirectly by construction are defined as parameters in a second form.

[0027] Furthermore, both the first and second forms of parameter definitions are within the defined boundary range. In addition, each parameter in the second form of parameter definition is used to represent information about the slope ecological protection process.

[0028] Furthermore, when classifying the influencing factors at each stage of the impact, the following are included:

[0029] Select all influencing factors that are defined as parameters in the second form within each stage node;

[0030] The slope ecological protection process information contained in the second form of parameter definition of each influencing factor is called. Using the slope ecological protection process information as the classification basis, each stage node is divided into at least two sub-nodes represented by the influencing factor and defining the influence boundary.

[0031] Furthermore, the carbon emission of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle is calculated by loading a carbon sink factor library into the carbon emission calculation model.

[0032] This application provides a calculation path for carbon emission reduction in the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection by constructing a carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection. This is conducive to achieving low-carbon construction of slope ecological protection and is of great significance for conducting carbon emission calculation in the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection.

[0033] By conducting a comprehensive analysis of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection, the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection is divided into several stages. Each stage is further divided into several sub-nodes based on different construction conditions. A corresponding sub-node carbon emission model is constructed under each sub-node. In this way, all sub-node carbon emission models of each stage can be accurately obtained, and then summarized to form a stage summary carbon emission model for the corresponding stage. The stage summary carbon emission models obtained from each stage node form a carbon emission calculation model for calculating the carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a theoretical framework diagram of life cycle assessment in this invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the entire life cycle stages of slope ecological protection in this invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the carbon emission sources throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection in this invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction of the carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection in this invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a geographical location map of the study area in this invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a general diagram showing the location of the slope in this invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a distribution diagram showing the contribution of each individual project to carbon emissions at each stage in this invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the carbon emission ratios of each individual project in this invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a carbon emission inventory diagram for the material production stage in this invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a carbon emission inventory diagram for the construction phase of this invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the results of the Sobol sensitivity analysis in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as "a method for summarizing and assessing the potential environmental impacts of all inputs and outputs of a product, activity, technology, or service system throughout its entire life cycle." LCA aims to assess the potential environmental impacts of a product at different stages of its life cycle, from "cradle to grave."

[0047] LCA aims to study the environmental factors and their potential impacts in each continuous and interrelated life cycle stage of a product system. By quantifying the energy and material consumption and environmental impact at each stage of the entire life cycle, the transfer of environmental load between different stages of the entire life cycle can be minimized.

[0048] GB / T 24040-2008 divides the LCA theory into four main stages, specifically including objective definition and scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and results interpretation. See details... Figure 1 .

[0049] The first phase, objectives and scope, primarily defines the purpose, objectives, functions, and system boundaries throughout the entire life cycle. The second phase, inventory analysis, involves collecting all data related to inputs, processes, and emissions throughout the entire life cycle. The third phase, impact assessment, quantifies environmental impacts and input resources based on inventory analysis. The final phase, results interpretation, interprets the results calculated in the impact assessment phase and proposes appropriate improvement measures.

[0050] The carbon emission factor method originated in the fields of climate change research and environmental science, and has gradually developed through international climate change research and comparison of carbon emission levels of different activities, products, or services. The carbon emission factor method has a large application scale and its calculations are relatively precise. Its core idea is to multiply the carbon emission source activity data of engineering activities by the corresponding carbon emission factors to obtain the carbon emission amount of the source, and then add up the carbon emission amounts of all sources to finally obtain the total carbon emissions. The calculation of the carbon emission factor method can be based on the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, E: total carbon emissions, unit: kg; Q i: Consumption amount of a certain carbon source, unit: kg; EF i : The equivalent carbon emission factor of the carbon source.

[0053] The carbon emission factor method is more convenient and faster than other methods, making it particularly suitable for preliminary assessments. In preliminary assessments, the carbon emission factor method can provide more information to better understand the carbon footprint of engineering activities. This method is widely applicable to activities of all sizes and is one of the most commonly used methods for carbon emission measurement.

[0054] Based on the life cycle theory, the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection should include the preliminary preparation stage, design stage, construction stage, maintenance stage, and demolition stage. Each stage of the entire life cycle generates some carbon emissions, but the amount of carbon emissions varies significantly between stages. This application, based on engineering examples and relevant engineering experience, only considers the construction and maintenance stages. Figure 2 As shown.

[0055] This application focuses on the construction and maintenance phases of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection. Carbon emissions during the construction phase primarily originate from four sources: land acquisition and demolition reducing vegetation carbon sinks, material production, transportation processes, and construction activities. Carbon emissions during the maintenance phase primarily consist of emissions generated from material production, transportation processes, and construction activities. However, increased vegetation carbon sinks due to planting will reduce carbon emissions during this phase. Based on the above analysis, the sources of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection are summarized. For example... Figure 3 As shown.

[0056] In view of this, the main objective of this application is to provide a method for constructing a carbon emission measurement model for slope ecological protection, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Obtain an analytical framework diagram for analyzing the carbon sources throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection;

[0058] The analysis framework diagram is input into the analysis module for text recognition and extraction to obtain several stage nodes that represent the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection;

[0059] The boundary is defined for each stage node using the definition module, and the boundary definition is written into the rule node;

[0060] The parameter configuration module defines the parameters of the influencing factors that affect the carbon emissions of each stage node. The parameter definition is set within the boundary definition range. At the same time, the influencing factors affecting the stage nodes are classified. Each stage node is divided into at least two sub-nodes represented by the influencing factors and the influence boundary is defined by the classification. The corresponding influencing factors and parameters are loaded under each node to construct the sub-node carbon emission model of carbon emissions.

[0061] The stage-wide carbon emission model for each stage is formed by summing up the carbon emission models of all child nodes under each stage node.

[0062] The carbon emission calculation model is formed by summarizing the carbon emissions from each stage node to calculate the carbon emissions of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle.

[0063] Furthermore, the analysis module has:

[0064] Identification unit;

[0065] The configuration unit is used to set the recognition parameters of the recognition unit through a set configuration program. By setting the recognition parameters, the recognition depth of the recognition unit is configured so that when the recognition unit performs analysis framework diagram recognition, it can recognize to the level set for the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection, so as to obtain the stage nodes of the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection.

[0066] Furthermore, the configuration program of the configuration unit has:

[0067] At least one decomposition rule for decomposing recognition parameters, wherein the decomposition rule is used to perform structured decomposition of the engineering stages extracted by the recognition unit to obtain at least one textual description field corresponding to the engineering stage, and the textual description field is stored in the configuration library as a storage list of engineering stage structured parameters.

[0068] The decomposition rules are written into a logic script, and the logic script is linked into the recognition unit to form the recognition logic of the recognition unit.

[0069] Furthermore, the decomposition rules are serialized according to the set recognition parameter levels and then translated into code to be written into the logic script.

[0070] Furthermore, the definition module has:

[0071] Preset definition interface;

[0072] The loading unit, connected to the configuration unit set in the analysis module, is used to load the configuration library;

[0073] The interpolation unit, connected to the loading unit, sequentially retrieves text description fields according to the storage list, compiles the text description fields into logical control characters for boundary indication, uses the logical control characters as a dictionary for boundary definition, and interpolates them into the definition interface by writing execution statements into the dictionary.

[0074] In the definition interface, after inputting the data information corresponding to the stage node, the corresponding data information is matched in the dictionary to obtain several logical control characters. The logical control characters form a logical judgment indication range, and the boundary definition is obtained through the logical judgment indication range.

[0075] Furthermore, when defining parameters for the impact factors of carbon emissions, the following are included:

[0076] The influencing factors that directly cause plant carbon sink loss are defined as parameters in the first form.

[0077] The influencing factors of plant carbon sequestration loss caused indirectly by construction are defined as parameters in a second form.

[0078] Furthermore, both the first and second forms of parameter definitions are within the defined boundary range. In addition, each parameter in the second form of parameter definition is used to represent information about the slope ecological protection process.

[0079] Furthermore, when classifying the influencing factors at each stage of the impact, the following are included:

[0080] Select all influencing factors that are defined as parameters in the second form within each stage node;

[0081] The slope ecological protection process information contained in the second form of parameter definition of each influencing factor is called. Using the slope ecological protection process information as the classification basis, each stage node is divided into at least two sub-nodes represented by the influencing factor and defining the influence boundary.

[0082] The carbon emissions of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle are calculated by loading a carbon sink factor library into a carbon emission calculation model.

[0083] This application provides a calculation path for carbon emission reduction in the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection by constructing a carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection. This is conducive to achieving low-carbon construction of slope ecological protection and is of great significance for conducting carbon emission calculation in the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection.

[0084] By conducting a comprehensive analysis of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection, the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection is divided into several stages. Each stage is further divided into several sub-nodes based on different construction conditions. A corresponding sub-node carbon emission model is constructed under each sub-node. In this way, the carbon emission models of all sub-nodes at each stage can be accurately obtained, and then summarized to form a stage-summary carbon emission model for the corresponding stage. The stage-summary carbon emission models obtained from each stage node form a carbon emission calculation model for calculating the carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection.

[0085] This application also includes the construction of a carbon sink factor library, which involves obtaining carbon sink factors, determining the type of carbon sink factors, and setting carbon sink factors of the same type to the same structure directory.

[0086] Specifically, this application provides the following explanation of the carbon sink factor.

[0087] (1) Plant carbon sink factors:

[0088] Green plants reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. During the construction of slope ecological protection projects, vegetation within the construction area is cut down; the carbon emission reduction from this should also be included in the total life-cycle carbon emission calculation. During the maintenance phase of slope ecological protection projects, newly planted plants also reduce the overall carbon emissions of the project through photosynthesis. The plant carbon sink factors involved in the entire process are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] (2) Energy carbon emission factor:

[0093] Using the calculation methods provided in the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation Guidelines, and considering China's specific national conditions, the results were converted into a unified heat unit to calculate the carbon emission factor for fossil fuels. For the electricity carbon emission factor, it is typically calculated using the marginal carbon emission factor of electricity volume and the marginal carbon emission factor of capacity. When calculating carbon emissions from slope ecological protection, the average of these two factors is taken as the electricity carbon emission factor. By consulting the 2021 baseline emission factor results for China's regional power grids, the marginal carbon emission factor values ​​of electricity volume and capacity for each regional power grid were obtained. The energy carbon emission factors are shown in Table 2.

[0094] Table 2

[0095] type unit carbon emission factors electricity <![CDATA[tCO2 / MWh]]> 0.705 gasoline kg / kg 3.50 diesel fuel kg / kg 3.67

[0096] (3) Material carbon emission factor library:

[0097] Since carbon emissions from materials account for a large portion of the total life-cycle carbon emissions in slope ecological protection, the selection of carbon emission factors should reflect their regionality and accuracy. This application prioritizes the use of local research data and specific research findings for various building materials when selecting material carbon emission factors. The carbon emission factors for the materials are shown in Table 3.

[0098] Table 3

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] According to the carbon footprint report on nonwoven fabrics by Xinlong Holdings Co., Ltd., the carbon emission factor for nonwoven fabrics is 8.68 kg CO2 / kg. Further research indicates that the carbon emission factor for fertilizers is 2.73 kg CO2 / kg, and for pesticides it is 7.73 kg CO2 / kg.

[0102] (4) Carbon emission factor database for transportation machinery:

[0103] Carbon emissions generated during the transportation phase mainly originate from the consumption of electricity or fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline by transportation machinery. The fossil fuel consumption per shift for each type of transportation machinery was determined using standards and specifications such as the Highway Engineering Machinery Shift Quota (JTG / T 3833-2018) and the Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard (GB / T51366-2019). The carbon emission factor for the transportation machinery was then obtained using the basic fossil fuel carbon emission coefficient, as shown in Table 4.

[0104] Table 4

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] (5) Carbon emission factor database for construction machinery:

[0108] The types of energy consumed by construction machinery and the amount of energy used per unit machine shift are based on the "Standard for Calculation of Carbon Emissions in Buildings" (GB / T 51366-2019). The carbon emission factors of construction machinery are shown in Table 5.

[0109] Table 5

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] The following examples illustrate this.

[0113] Constructing a carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection is fundamental to calculating carbon emissions for slope ecological protection. During the construction phase of slope ecological protection, the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection should first be divided into secondary engineering projects. Each secondary project should be further divided into independent but uniformly proportioned unit processes. Then, based on the life cycle theory, individual carbon emission calculations should be performed, and finally, these calculations should be summed to obtain the total carbon emissions for the entire project. The process for constructing the carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0114] (1) Parameter definition:

[0115] The six unit projects—graded slope protection, retaining wall construction, geocell soil covering and spraying greening, anchored frame beam slope protection, drainage ditch construction, and pedestrian walkway construction—and the land acquisition and demolition phase for reducing carbon sequestration are represented by i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively. Carbon emission sources are represented by the letter l. The specific definitions of each parameter in the carbon emission calculation model during the construction phase are shown in Table 6.

[0116] Table 6

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] (2) Construction phase measurement and modeling:

[0120] The calculation scope for the land acquisition and demolition reduction of plant carbon sinks during the slope ecological protection construction phase is the carbon sink factor of each plant multiplied by the area of ​​land acquisition activities during slope shaping, and then multiplied by the design service life of the slope ecological protection. The carbon emission sources of other unit projects include three parts: building material production, transportation process, and construction activities. The carbon emission models for the three parts are as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Besides the reduction of plant carbon sinks due to land acquisition and demolition, the carbon emissions of each unit project are the sum of three parts: building material production, transportation, and construction activities, namely:

[0123]

[0124] Ultimately, the carbon emissions during the slope ecological protection construction phase are the sum of all the components, namely:

[0125] C js =∑C i (3.10);

[0126] Carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection and maintenance stage.

[0127] (1) Parameter definition: The three unit projects of fertilization, pesticide application and irrigation, and the stage of increasing plant carbon sequestration are represented by q = 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The source of carbon emissions is represented by the letter a. Table 7 shows the specific definitions of each parameter in the carbon emission calculation model of the slope ecological protection and maintenance stage.

[0128] Table 7

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] (2) Maintenance Phase Calculation and Modeling: The calculation scope for the carbon sequestration phase of planting during the slope ecological protection construction phase is the carbon sequestration factor of each type of plant multiplied by the planting area of ​​the plants after the slope construction is completed, or the number of individual plants multiplied by the total number of plants, and then multiplied by the design service life of the slope ecological protection. The carbon emission sources of other unit activities include three parts: maintenance material production, transportation process, and construction activities. The carbon emission model is as follows:

[0132]

[0133] Besides the carbon sequestration from planting, the carbon emissions of other unit projects are the sum of the production and transportation of maintenance materials and construction activities, namely:

[0134]

[0135] Carbon emissions during the ecological protection and maintenance phase of slopes are the sum of all components, namely:

[0136] C yh =∑C q (3.16);

[0137] Ultimately, the total carbon emissions of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle are the sum of the carbon emissions during the construction and maintenance phases, namely:

[0138] C = C js +C yh (3.17);

[0139] The following is an example verification.

[0140] This application selects the slope treatment of the roadway at Hongjian Coal Mine, located approximately 85 km northwest of Fugu County, Shaanxi Province, as an engineering case study. The Yelugou-Dachanghan Highway passes through the central part of the coal mine, the Fugu-Dongsheng Highway passes through the southern part of the mining area, and the Shenmu-Shuozhou and Shenmu-Baotou railways pass through the southern and western parts of the mining area respectively, connecting to the national railway network. Transportation is convenient. The geographical location of the study area is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0141] Slope location overview as follows Figure 6 As shown, the overall layout plan for slope treatment design of each section is as follows:

[0142] Section A slope: The lower part of the existing slope has been excavated, and there is a drainage channel at the toe of the slope. The site has limited space for slope protection. Taking all factors into consideration, the protection system of 2.0m high retaining wall + geocell spraying greening is adopted in the area with slope protection space, and the protection system of anchor frame beam + ecological bag greening is adopted in the slope section without slope protection space.

[0143] Section B slope: The material composition of section B2 slope is mainly loess. The overall stability of this slope is good, the slope surface is relatively intact, and there are local collapses. The maximum slope height is about 16m. Taking into account all factors, a protection system of graded slope protection + toe retaining wall + geocell soil covering and spraying greening is adopted.

[0144] Slope Section C2: The C2 slope is an artificially excavated earthen slope, mainly composed of loess. There is currently a retaining wall approximately 4.0m high at the toe of the slope. Considering all factors, a protective system of tree planting + geocell soil covering and hydroseeding is adopted above the top of the retaining wall. Slope Section C3, located southeast of the Hongjian office building, is also an artificially excavated earthen slope, mainly composed of loess. Specifically: the northeastern section of C3 has a 7.0m high steep embankment approximately 30.0m from northeast to southwest; the remaining sections have a total height of approximately 5.0m. A protective system of retaining wall at the toe + tiered slope protection + geocell soil covering and hydroseeding / grass planting is adopted. The southwestern section of C3 has a total slope height of approximately 3.5–5.0m. A protective system of retaining wall at the toe + slope protection at the top + grass planting is adopted.

[0145] Carbon emission calculation for the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection.

[0146] Carbon emission calculation list during the construction phase:

[0147] Based on the constructed full life cycle carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection, carbon emissions were calculated for six individual projects: the land acquisition and reduction of plant carbon sinks stage in the construction phase of slope ecological protection, and the graded slope protection project, retaining wall project, geocell soil covering and spraying greening project, anchored frame beam slope protection project, drainage ditch project, and pedestrian walkway project.

[0148] Except for the stage of land acquisition and demolition reducing plant carbon sinks, the carbon emissions of material production, transportation machinery and construction activities of each individual project are analyzed as shown in Table 8.

[0149] Table 8

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] The land acquisition and demolition reduced the carbon sink of vegetation by 54.58 tons, accounting for approximately 1.22% of the total carbon emissions during the construction phase. As preliminary work for construction activities, no further subdivision of each phase is necessary. Further subdivision of the material production, transportation, and construction phases yields a distribution map of the contribution of each individual project to the three phases. Figure 7 ) and a chart showing the carbon emission percentage of each individual project ( Figure 8 ).pass Figure 7It can be seen that the contribution of each individual project to the carbon emissions of the three stages is different. In the material production stage, the anchor-frame beam slope protection project contributes the most to carbon emissions, followed by the retaining wall project, with the two accounting for approximately 75% in total. In the transportation stage, the contributions of each individual project are relatively close, with the graded slope protection project and the retaining wall project accounting for relatively large proportions, at 26.8% and 34.86%, respectively. The carbon emissions in the construction activity stage are mainly composed of three individual projects: the retaining wall project, the geocell soil covering and spraying greening project, and the anchor-frame beam slope protection project, accounting for more than 80%.

[0153] Figure 8 The graph shows the carbon emission proportions of each individual project during the construction phase. It can be seen from the graph that the anchored frame beam slope protection project has the greatest impact on the carbon emissions of the project example, followed by the retaining wall project. The two together account for more than 75% of the total carbon emissions. The smallest proportions are the graded slope protection project and the pedestrian walkway project, at 0.74% and 2.26%, respectively.

[0154] according to Figure 9 It is evident that during the entire material production stage, the carbon emissions of basic building materials such as water, sand, and gravel are relatively low, contributing little to the overall carbon emissions. In contrast, clay has higher carbon emissions during the material production stage, possibly related to energy consumption in its extraction, processing, and transportation. Anchor bolts account for a large proportion of carbon emissions during the material production stage, primarily influenced by energy consumption during their production and processing.

[0155] Cement mortar and concrete-related materials such as C20, C25, and C30 commercial concrete account for a large proportion of total carbon emissions, mainly due to the large amount of carbon dioxide released during cement production. Wood has relatively low carbon emissions and is a relatively environmentally friendly building material; however, its sustainability and sourcing should be considered when selecting wood. Metal materials account for a large proportion of total carbon emissions, mainly due to the energy consumption during their production and processing. Fertilizers, non-woven fabrics, geotextiles, and geotextile bags, as special materials indispensable throughout the entire lifecycle of slope ecological protection projects, account for a small proportion of total carbon emissions.

[0156] Table 9

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] As shown in Table 9, during the entire transportation phase, the carbon emissions of diesel-powered dump trucks with a load capacity of 8 tons are significantly higher than those of other types of transport machinery, accounting for 62.82%. The emissions are followed by gasoline-powered dump trucks with a load capacity of 5 tons and heavy-duty trucks with a load capacity of 3.5 tons. Emphasis should be placed on the substitutability of gasoline and diesel transport machinery, and on the alternatives offered by new energy transport vehicles such as electric vehicles.

[0160] Carbon emissions from various types of machinery and labor during the construction phase, such as Figure 10 As shown in the figure, manual labor plays a dominant role in construction activities, making a significant contribution to total carbon emissions. Overall carbon emissions can be reduced by optimizing construction techniques and improving efficiency. Single-bucket excavators contributed 10.45 tons of carbon emissions during construction, becoming one of the main sources of carbon emissions. AC arc welding machines, divided into two categories (21kVA and below) and 32kVA and below, contributed a total of 20.21 tons of carbon emissions. In addition, bulldozers emitted 2.55 tons of carbon, accounting for a relatively large proportion of the mechanical equipment. The construction phase is one of the phases with the highest carbon emissions during the construction period of slope ecological protection projects. In formulating emission reduction strategies, emphasis should be placed on major sources of carbon emissions, such as manual labor, AC arc welding machines, and truck cranes.

[0161] Carbon emission calculation list for the maintenance phase: The maintenance phase mainly includes four parts: planting to increase plant carbon sequestration, fertilization projects, pesticide projects and irrigation projects. The carbon emission calculation results are shown in Table 10.

[0162] Table 10

[0163] Maintenance stage Carbon emissions / t Planting increases plant carbon sequestration -134.50 Fertilization Project 1.61 Pesticide Engineering 0.34 Irrigation Project 0.63

[0164] As shown in Table 10, the total carbon emissions are negative during the slope ecological protection and maintenance phase. This means that, at the macro level, from the completion of the project to its design deadline, the entire maintenance phase not only releases CO2 but also absorbs 131.92 tons of CO2. Compared to the 134.50 tons of CO2 absorbed by plants, the 2.58 tons of CO2 released from fertilization, pesticide application, and irrigation are negligible. This is precisely the advantage of slope ecological protection compared to other slope protection projects. Although there are some carbon emissions during the maintenance process, the burden is relatively small compared to the large amount of CO2 absorbed by plants. Slope ecological protection is not only sustainable during the project implementation phase but also has significant potential for mitigating climate change and promoting ecological balance in the subsequent maintenance phase.

[0165] Sensitivity analysis is a widely used method in scientific modeling, engineering design, and environmental assessment to evaluate the sensitivity of model outputs to changes in input parameters. The Sobol method was proposed by Russian scholars in 1993. SALib (Sensitivity Analysis Library) is a Python (interpreted scripting language) library specifically designed for global sensitivity analysis. This library supports various sensitivity analysis methods, one common one being analysis based on the Sobol index. The Sobol index is a method for measuring the contribution of input variables to the variance of output variables. By decomposing the total variance of the system into the contributions of individual input variables and their combinations, it provides a comprehensive assessment of the system's global sensitivity. The Sobol method, through variance decomposition, provides a means to deeply understand the contribution of each input parameter to the output, and it excels in revealing parameter interactions and the system's global sensitivity. By choosing the Sobol sensitivity analysis method, the aim is to gain a profound understanding of the overall sensitivity of the slope ecological protection engineering model, providing targeted information for model optimization and decision-making.

[0166] This application utilizes the Sobol sensitivity analysis method to conduct a global sensitivity analysis of the calculated carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection, studying the impact of changes in various input parameters on the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle. Using the original input parameters from the material production, transportation, and construction phases as baseline values, these parameters are substituted into the Sobol sensitivity analysis model, and the calculation results are as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0167] The first-order sensitivity coefficient S1 represents the contribution of a single parameter to the output variation. It ranges from [0, 1], with larger values ​​indicating a more significant impact of the parameter on the output. i The closer a value is to 0, the smaller the impact of the parameter on the output. Conversely, the closer a value is to 1, the larger the impact of the parameter on the output.

[0168] Global sensitivity coefficient S T This represents the combined contribution of a single parameter and its interaction with other parameters to the variation in the output. A larger value indicates a more significant impact of the parameter and its interactions on the output. This is expressed through the global sensitivity coefficient S. T This allows us to understand the combined contribution of multiple parameters to the overall output variation.

[0169] according to Figure 11The data reveals that some parameters have high first-order sensitivity coefficients (S1), indicating that they have a significant direct impact on the model output. For example, parameters such as commercial concrete C30, steel reinforcement, and the diesel-powered dump truck load capacity (8t) have high first-order sensitivity coefficients (S1), indicating that they make a significant contribution to the changes in the carbon emission measurement results for slope ecological protection. These carbon emission sources are key factors in the model and are crucial for accurately predicting carbon emissions.

[0170] Global sensitivity coefficient S T This can help understand the extent to which the interactions between parameters affect the model output. Parameters such as C30 ready-mixed concrete and reinforcing steel have high global sensitivity coefficients S. T The values ​​indicate that these parameters not only affect the output when acting alone, but also have significant interactions with other parameters. Additionally, some parameters have low first-order sensitivity coefficients S1 and global sensitivity coefficients S. T Carbon emission sources should not be ignored, such as geocells and cement mortar. Although they have a small impact on the model output, their existence still needs to be considered in practical applications to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the model.

[0171] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a carbon emission measurement model for slope ecological protection, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain an analytical framework diagram for analyzing the carbon sources throughout the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection; The analysis framework diagram is input into the analysis module for text recognition and extraction to obtain several stage nodes that represent the entire life cycle of slope ecological protection; The boundary is defined for each stage node using the definition module, and the boundary definition is written into the rule node; The parameter configuration module defines the parameters of the influencing factors that affect the carbon emissions of each stage node. The parameter definition is set within the boundary definition range. At the same time, the influencing factors affecting the stage nodes are classified. Each stage node is divided into at least two sub-nodes represented by the influencing factors and the influence boundary is defined by the classification. The corresponding influencing factors and parameters are loaded under each node to construct the sub-node carbon emission model of carbon emissions. The stage-wide carbon emission model for each stage is formed by summing up the carbon emission models of all child nodes under each stage node. The carbon emission calculation model is formed by summarizing the carbon emissions from each stage node to calculate the carbon emissions of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle. The analysis module has the following features: Identification unit; The configuration unit is used to set the recognition parameters of the recognition unit through a set configuration program. The recognition depth of the recognition unit is configured by setting the recognition parameters so that when the recognition unit performs analysis framework diagram recognition, it can recognize to the level set by the whole life cycle of slope ecological protection, so as to obtain the stage nodes of the whole life cycle of slope ecological protection. When defining parameters for the impact factors of carbon emissions, the following should be included: The influencing factors that directly cause plant carbon sink loss are defined as parameters in the first form. The influencing factors of plant carbon sequestration loss caused indirectly by construction are defined as parameters in a second form. Furthermore, both the first and second forms of parameter definitions are within the defined boundary range. In addition, each parameter in the second form of parameter definition is used to represent information about the slope ecological protection process. When classifying the influencing factors of the impact stages, the following are included: Select all influencing factors that are defined as parameters in the second form within each stage node; The slope ecological protection process information contained in the second form of parameter definition of each influencing factor is called. Using the slope ecological protection process information as the classification basis, each stage node is divided into at least two sub-nodes represented by the influencing factor and defining the influence boundary.

2. The method for constructing the slope ecological protection carbon emission calculation model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The configuration program of the configuration unit has: At least one decomposition rule for decomposing recognition parameters, wherein the decomposition rule is used to perform structured decomposition of the engineering stages extracted by the recognition unit to obtain at least one textual description field corresponding to the engineering stage, and the textual description field is stored in the configuration library as a storage list of engineering stage structured parameters. The decomposition rules are written into a logic script, and the logic script is linked into the recognition unit to form the recognition logic of the recognition unit.

3. The method for constructing the slope ecological protection carbon emission measurement model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The decomposition rules are serialized according to the set recognition parameter levels and then translated into code to be written into the logic script.

4. The method for constructing the carbon emission calculation model for slope ecological protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The definition module has: Preset definition interface; The loading unit, connected to the configuration unit set in the analysis module, is used to load the configuration library; The interpolation unit, connected to the loading unit, sequentially retrieves text description fields according to the storage list, compiles the text description fields into logical control characters for boundary indication, uses the logical control characters as a dictionary for boundary definition, and interpolates them into the definition interface by writing execution statements into the dictionary. In the definition interface, after inputting the data information corresponding to the stage node, the corresponding data information is matched in the dictionary to obtain several logical control characters. The logical control characters form a logical judgment indication range, and the boundary definition is obtained through the logical judgment indication range.

5. The method for constructing the slope ecological protection carbon emission calculation model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emissions of slope ecological protection throughout its entire life cycle are calculated by loading a carbon sink factor library into a carbon emission calculation model.

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