Active aerosol filtration device

Abstract

This application relates to an active aerosol filtration device, comprising a filter body and a radiator. The filter body is disposed inside the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant and includes multiple adsorption tubes exposed within the containment vessel. Flow gaps are formed between adjacent adsorption tubes, and the sides of the adsorption tubes facing the flow gaps are convex curved surfaces. A heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is disposed inside the adsorption tubes. The radiator is disposed outside the containment vessel, and its position is higher than that of the filter body. The radiator is connected to the filter body via a first pipe and a second pipe, respectively. The radiator, the first pipe, the filter body, and the second pipe are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop for the heat exchange medium. This application of an active aerosol filtration device on a nuclear power plant containment vessel allows leaked radioactive aerosols to be largely adsorbed and deposited by the adsorption tubes of the filter body during a nuclear power plant accident, thereby reducing the accident risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aerosol filtration technology, and more specifically, to an active aerosol filtration device for use in the large spaces of nuclear power plant containment and other similar scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] The containment vessel of a nuclear power plant is a crucial barrier for nuclear safety. During accidents, the primary coolant loop boundary often breaks, allowing radioactive aerosols to be carried by the coolant and released into the containment vessel. The containment vessel serves to prevent and delay the release of radioactive aerosols into the external environment. However, in some major accidents, as radioactive aerosols continue to leak from the primary loop, the pressure and temperature within the containment vessel rise continuously. Under excessively high pressure and temperature, radioactive aerosols can breach the containment vessel's limits and leak into the external environment, ultimately causing a large-scale release of radioactive materials. To prevent large-scale releases of radioactive materials during accidents, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of radioactive aerosols within the containment vessel. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device for removing radioactive aerosols from the containment vessel. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide an active aerosol filtration device that actively removes radioactive aerosols from the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant in the event of an accident, thereby preventing the large-scale release of radioactive materials into the environment.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problem is: to construct an active aerosol filtration device for use on the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant, comprising:

[0005] The filter body is disposed inside the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant. The filter body includes a plurality of adsorption tubes exposed inside the containment vessel. A flow gap is formed between adjacent adsorption tubes. The side of the adsorption tube facing the flow gap is configured as an outwardly convex curved surface. A heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is disposed inside the adsorption tube.

[0006] A radiator is installed outside the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant, and the position of the radiator is higher than that of the filter body. The radiator is connected to the filter body through a first pipe and a second pipe respectively. The radiator, the first pipe, the filter body and the second pipe are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop of heat exchange medium.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube is elliptical.

[0008] In some embodiments, a plurality of tapered tubes are provided in front of the filter body, and the outlet of each tapered tube is directly opposite one of the flow gaps.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiator is a water tank.

[0010] In some embodiments, the radiator includes a first water tank and a second water tank, which are connected by a connecting pipe disposed at the upper part of the first water tank and the second water tank.

[0011] In some embodiments, both the first water tank and the second water tank have an opening at the top.

[0012] In some embodiments, the active aerosol filtration device further includes a sprayer, which includes a spray pipe, a spray valve disposed on the spray pipe, and a spray head disposed at the end of the spray pipe.

[0013] In some embodiments, the spray valve is filled with paraffin wax, the melting point of which is between 47°C and 64°C.

[0014] In some embodiments, the spray pipe is connected to the lower part of the water tank.

[0015] In some embodiments, a waste liquid collector is provided below the filter body.

[0016] Implementing this application has at least the following beneficial effects: In the application of this active aerosol filtration device to the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant, during a nuclear power plant accident, radioactive aerosols are released into the air inside the containment vessel along with high-temperature water vapor. When the radioactive aerosols and water vapor diffuse around the filter body, they exchange heat with the adsorption tubes. The high-temperature water vapor is condensed, carrying a large amount of radioactive aerosols that deposit on the surface of the adsorption tubes. After heat exchange, the temperature of the heat exchange medium inside the adsorption tubes increases and its density decreases, flowing upwards into the radiator. Simultaneously, the lower-temperature heat exchange medium inside the radiator flows downwards into the adsorption tubes, ensuring that the temperature of the adsorption tubes can continuously condense the high-temperature water vapor. After the water vapor and radioactive aerosols are adsorbed, a negative pressure is generated around the adsorption tubes. This negative pressure causes the air inside the containment vessel to continuously flow towards the adsorption tubes, resulting in a large amount of radioactive aerosols in the air being adsorbed and deposited by the adsorption tubes, thus achieving active removal of radioactive aerosols from the containment vessel. Simultaneously, the airflow entering the flow gaps between the adsorption tubes generates the Coanda effect, causing the airflow to flow along the outer surface of the adsorption tubes, improving the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosols. This application describes the use of an active aerosol filtration device on the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant. In the event of a nuclear power plant accident, leaked radioactive aerosols are largely adsorbed and deposited by the filter body, thereby reducing the risk of the accident. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active aerosol filtration device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the filter body;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the filter body.

[0021] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0022] Nuclear power plant containment vessel 10;

[0023] The filter body 100, adsorption tube 110, first pipeline 200, radiator 300, first water tank 310, second water tank 320, connecting pipe 330, second pipeline 400, sprayer 500, spray pipe 510, spray head 520, spray valve 530, waste liquid collector 600, and tapered pipe 700. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this application, the specific embodiments of this application are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] Figures 1 to 3 The active aerosol filtration device in some embodiments of this application is shown. The active aerosol filtration device of this application is applied to the containment vessel 10 of a nuclear power plant to deal with the situation of a nuclear power plant accident.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the active aerosol filtration device of this application includes a filter body 100 and a radiator 300.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the filter body 100 is disposed inside the nuclear power plant containment 10, and the filter body 100 includes a plurality of adsorption tubes 110 exposed within the nuclear power plant containment 10. In some embodiments, the adsorption tubes 110 are arranged sequentially, with flow gaps formed between adjacent adsorption tubes 110, and the sides of the adsorption tubes 110 facing the flow gaps are configured as convex curved surfaces, causing the airflow passing through the flow gaps to generate a Coanda effect. Further, as... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube 110 can be elliptical to enhance the Coanda effect of the airflow flowing over its surface and increase the heat exchange area, thereby improving the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosols. However, it should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube 110 is not limited to an elliptical shape; it can also be other shapes with convex curvature surfaces. Furthermore, a heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is disposed inside the adsorption tube 110. When the airflow passes near the adsorption tube 110, it exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium inside the tube. In some embodiments, the heat exchange medium can be water at room temperature. Water has a high specific heat capacity, low cost, and is readily available in large quantities, making it an excellent heat exchange medium. However, it should be noted that the heat exchange medium in this application is not limited to water or liquids; it can also be other heat exchange media such as oil, as long as the same heat exchange function can be achieved, which falls within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the radiator 300 is located outside the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant, and its position is higher than that of the filter body 100. The radiator 300 can be a water tank or other container used to hold the heat exchange medium. The radiator 300 also has a structure that allows the heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the outside environment, releasing the heat absorbed by the heat exchange medium to the outside. The radiator 300 is connected to the filter body 100 via a first pipe 200 and a second pipe 400, respectively. The radiator 300, the first pipe 200, the filter body 100, and the second pipe 400 are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop for the heat exchange medium.

[0033] When a primary coolant leak occurs at a nuclear power plant, high-temperature, high-pressure coolant (typically 280°C-350°C high-temperature steam) carrying radioactive aerosols is released into the air inside the containment vessel 10. When the radioactive aerosols and high-temperature water vapor diffuse around the filter body 100, they exchange heat with the adsorption tubes 110. The high-temperature water vapor is condensed, carrying the radioactive aerosols, and deposited on the surface of the adsorption tubes 110. After heat exchange, the water in the adsorption tubes 110 is heated by tens of degrees Celsius, its density decreases, and it flows upwards into the radiator 300. Simultaneously, the cooler (room temperature) and denser water in the radiator 300 flows downwards into the filter body 100 and into each adsorption tube 110, ensuring that the temperature of the adsorption tubes 110 can continuously condense the high-temperature water vapor. The circulation of water between the filter body 100 and the radiator 300 utilizes the heat exchange between the filter body 100 and the radiator 300. The natural circulation formed by the positional relationship of the heater 300 and the temperature and density differences of the water can proceed spontaneously without the need for a power or control mechanism, thus simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and improving the reliability of the device. After water vapor and radioactive aerosols are deposited and adsorbed on the surface of the adsorption tube 110, a negative pressure is generated around the adsorption tube 110. This negative pressure causes the air inside the nuclear power plant containment 10 to continuously flow towards the adsorption tube 110, and a large amount of radioactive aerosols in the air are adsorbed and deposited by the adsorption tube 110, achieving active removal of radioactive aerosols inside the nuclear power plant containment 10. At the same time, the Coanda effect is generated after the airflow enters the flow gap between the adsorption tubes 110. The airflow flows along the outer surface of the adsorption tubes 110, improving the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosols. The Coanda effect also further enhances the negative pressure effect in the middle of the flow gap, better drawing air from outside the filter body 100 into the vicinity of the adsorption tube 110.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of tapered tubes 700 are provided in front of the filter body 100, with the outlet of each tapered tube 700 facing a flow gap. The tapered tubes 700 can increase the intake flow rate and improve the efficiency of the active aerosol filtration device; at the same time, the airflow flowing through the tapered tubes 700 forms a jet, which enters the flow gap more accurately to enhance the Coanda effect and improve the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosols.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, in order to allow the airflow to flow stably along the outer surface of the adsorption tube 110, the included angle between the central tangents of the two adsorption tubes 110 does not exceed 30°.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the radiator 300 may include a first water tank 310 and a second water tank 320. The bottom of the first water tank 310 is connected to the first pipe 200, and the bottom of the second water tank 320 is connected to the second pipe 400. The first water tank 310 and the second water tank 320 are connected by a connecting pipe 330, which is located at the top of both tanks. Furthermore, both the first water tank 310 and the second water tank 320 have openings at the top, allowing the heat exchange medium inside to fully contact the outside atmosphere for heat exchange. By providing two or more water tanks, the heat exchange medium inside the radiator 300 can have more sufficient heat exchange time with the outside air, thus achieving more thorough cooling of the heat exchange medium. This ensures that the water temperature in the tanks remains lower than the water temperature inside the adsorption tube 110, providing a "driving force" for the circulation of water between the filter body 100 and the radiator 300.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the active aerosol filtration device further includes a sprayer 500, which is installed inside the nuclear power plant containment 10 and located below the radiator 300 and above the filter body 100. The sprayer 500 includes a spray pipe 510, a spray valve 530 disposed on the spray pipe 510, and a spray head 520 disposed at the end of the spray pipe 510. In this embodiment, the spray pipe 510 can be connected to a water tank, which supplies spray water to the sprayer 500. In other embodiments, the spray pipe 510 can also be connected to a tap water pipe or other water storage container. The sprayer 500 is opened by the spray valve 530. When the spray valve 530 is open, water in the water tank flows naturally through the height difference to the spray head 520 in the sprayer 500, and then is sprayed onto the filter body 100. This process requires no additional mechanical power. When the sprayer 500 sprays water onto the filter body 100, it can flush away the aerosols deposited on the surface of the adsorption tube 110 of the filter body 100, and effectively remove suspended aerosols in the air near the filter body 100, thereby improving the efficiency of removing radioactive aerosols.

[0038] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the spray valve 530 is filled with paraffin wax, the melting point of which is between 47°C and 64°C. During normal operation of the nuclear power plant, the air temperature inside the containment vessel 10 is 0-40°C, the paraffin wax is solid, and the spray valve 530 is in the closed state. In the event of an accident at the nuclear power plant, high-temperature water vapor flows to the vicinity of the spray valve 530 and heats it (up to 120°C), melting the paraffin wax and causing the spray valve 530 to open automatically.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the flow rate of the sprayer 500 is approximately 3 L / h, while the total volume of all water tanks in the radiator 300 is greater than or equal to 200 m³. 3 After the sprinkler system was turned on for 30 days, the water level in the tank only decreased by 2.2m. 3 This ensures that the sprayers 500 can operate for extended periods until the nuclear accident is completely resolved and the nuclear power plant reaches a safe and controllable state.

[0040] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a waste liquid collector 600 is provided below the filter body 100. The waste liquid collector 600 is used to collect the waste liquid after spraying to prevent the spread of waste liquid containing radioactive aerosols.

[0041] Understandably, the above-mentioned technical features can be used in any combination without restriction.

[0042] The above embodiments merely illustrate specific implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application's patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can freely combine the above technical features without departing from the concept of this application, and can also make several modifications and improvements, all of which fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, any equivalent transformations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this application should be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An active aerosol filtration device, used in the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant, characterized in that, include: A filter body is disposed inside the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant. The filter body includes multiple adsorption tubes exposed inside the containment vessel. A flow gap is formed between adjacent adsorption tubes. The side of the adsorption tube facing the flow gap is configured as an outwardly convex curved surface. A heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is disposed inside the adsorption tube. Multiple tapered tubes are disposed in front of the filter body. The outlet of each tapered tube is directly opposite one of the flow gaps. A radiator is installed outside the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant, and the position of the radiator is higher than that of the filter body. The radiator is connected to the filter body through a first pipe and a second pipe respectively. The radiator, the first pipe, the filter body and the second pipe are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop of heat exchange medium. A sprinkler, comprising a sprinkler pipe, a sprinkler valve disposed on the sprinkler pipe, and a sprinkler head disposed at the end of the sprinkler pipe.

2. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube is elliptical.

3. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator is a water tank.

4. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The radiator includes a first water tank and a second water tank, which are connected by a connecting pipe located at the top of the first water tank and the second water tank.

5. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first water tank and the second water tank have openings at the top.

6. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spray valve is filled with paraffin wax.

7. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spray pipe is connected to the lower part of the water tank.

8. The active aerosol filtration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A waste liquid collector is installed below the filter body.

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