Deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method and related equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method and related equipment, and the method comprises the steps: determining fault data of a target region, carrying out the extraction and analysis of the fault data, and determining attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data; determining a first fault fall and a discrete point fall change type, and determining a hanging wall discrete point coordinate and a footwall discrete point coordinate according to the first fault fall and the discrete point fall change type; determining a stratigraphic interval, and determining a second fault fall change range and a second fault fall according to the stratigraphic interval and the first fault fall; performing priority ranking on the fault, determining a priority sequence, performing intersection deduction according to the priority sequence, and determining a first stratum model; performing intersection deduction on the fault and the special geological structure to determine a second stratum model; discrete points of each fault in the stratum model are encrypted to determine a discrete point set, Delaunay triangular mesh generation is carried out on the discrete points, and a fault plane model is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model, and in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction and related equipment. Background Art

[0002] Three-dimensional geological modeling is an important part of geological science. It uses computer technology to model and visualize geological models. It can help geologists correctly interpret, analyze and use original geological data, so as to obtain information such as the sequence, structure, and distribution of special geological bodies in the strata, and further improve the accuracy of geological exploration and analysis. Among them, faults are important geological structures that control the spatial distribution and mutual relationship of ore deposits and ore bodies. The three-dimensional visualization of faults is conducive to determining the distribution of ore bodies according to the fault morphology and spatial position, and avoiding faults to the greatest extent during engineering planning. Therefore, fault modeling is an important step in the digitization of mines.

[0003] Some methods and processes for establishing complex fault models have been proposed at home and abroad. Currently, there are two main types of fault modeling strategies. One is the fault-stratum joint modeling method, which makes full use of existing data, such as profiles, boreholes, field survey data, geophysical data, etc. to directly fit the fault plane and the morphology of fault lines on each stratum; the other is the fault-stratum intersection method, which first selects different surface fitting methods to establish the fault plane and the stratum without faults, and then finds the intersection line between the fault and the initial stratum. However, the above fault modeling methods have certain limitations due to the limitations of data quantity and form. Especially when the data is sparse, the fitting of the fault plane is usually not accurate enough, and it is difficult to show the property changes of the fault in each stratum.

[0004] Since fault morphology is very complex, there are often intersections, truncation and cutting between faults. Both of the above methods are difficult to deal with the problem of fault intersection. Therefore, after establishing a separate fault plane, some methods need to be used to deal with the intersection of faults, such as the binary tree method and the path cutting algorithm. However, the former is not suitable for the case of multiple faults that are successively primary and secondary. Although the latter can automatically determine the contact relationship of complex faults and realize the construction of various types of intersecting faults, the automatic judgment criteria for the truncation of the fault still need further research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction and related equipment.

[0006] Based on the above purpose, the present application provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction, which is characterized by comprising:

[0007] Determine the fault data of the target area, extract and analyze the fault data, and determine attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data;

[0008] Determine a first fault drop and a discrete point drop change type, and determine the coordinates of the hanging plate discrete point and the footplate discrete point coordinates according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type;

[0009] Determine the stratum interlayer spacing, and determine the second fault drop variation range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratum interlayer spacing;

[0010] Prioritizing the faults to determine a priority order, and performing intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine a first formation model;

[0011] Intersecting faults and special geological structures are deduced to determine the second stratigraphic model;

[0012] The discrete points of each fault in the formation model are encrypted to determine a discrete point set, and the discrete points are divided into Delaunay triangulated grids to generate a fault surface model.

[0013] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a device for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction, including:

[0014] A data extraction and analysis module is configured to determine the fault data of the target area, and extract and analyze the fault data to determine attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data;

[0015] A discrete point calculation module is configured to determine a first fault drop, and determine the coordinates of the hanging wall discrete points and the footwall discrete points according to the first fault drop;

[0016] A drop calculation module is configured to determine the stratum interlayer spacing, and determine the second fault drop variation range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratum interlayer spacing;

[0017] A first intersection deduction module is configured to prioritize the faults, determine a priority order, and perform intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine a first formation model;

[0018] A second intersection deduction module is configured to perform intersection deduction on the fault and the special geological structure to determine a second stratigraphic model;

[0019] The fault model module is configured to encrypt the discrete points of each fault in the formation model to determine a discrete point set, and perform Delaunay triangulation on the discrete points to generate a fault surface model.

[0020] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction as described in any one of the above items is implemented.

[0021] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute any of the above-mentioned deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction methods.

[0022] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes any of the above-mentioned three-dimensional complex fault model construction methods based on deduction.

[0023] As can be seen from the above, the method, device, electronic device, storage medium and program product for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on inference provided by the present application include: determining the fault data of the target area, and extracting and analyzing the fault data to determine the attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data; determining the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type, and determining the upper plate discrete point coordinates and the lower plate discrete point coordinates according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type; determining the stratigraphic interlayer spacing, and determining the second fault drop change range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratigraphic interlayer spacing; prioritizing the faults to determine the priority order, and performing intersection inference according to the priority order to determine the first stratigraphic model; performing intersection inference on the faults and special geological structures to determine the second stratigraphic model; encrypting the discrete points of each fault in the stratigraphic model to determine a discrete point set, and performing Delaunay triangulation on the discrete points to generate a fault surface model. The present application models fault planes based on multi-source data, and intersects faults with strata in order of priority to process intersecting faults and the intersection of faults and collapse columns, thereby forming fault lines on each stratum, thereby improving the smoothness and accuracy of the model and making the model more accurate. The method for processing the intersection of faults and faults, and faults and collapse columns adopts a line-surface intersection method, which is simple to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process of constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4(a)-Figure 4(b) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a triangle pinch-out situation of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5(a)-Figure 5(d) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8(a)-Figure 8(b) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9(a)-Figure 9(b) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 10(a)-Figure 10(b) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 11(a)-Figure 11(c) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 12(a)-Figure 12(d) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 13(a)-Figure 13(c)A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 15(a)-Figure 15(i) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 16(a)-Figure 16(e) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 17(a)-Figure 17(f) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 18(a)-Figure 18(b) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 20(a)-Figure 20(g) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 21(a)-Figure 21(c) A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig. 22 A schematic diagram of a device for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig.23 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0050] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, some technical terms involved in the present disclosure are introduced below.

[0051] Sinking column: In ancient limestone, there were many caves. Due to the continuous dissolution of groundwater, the caves became larger and larger. Under the long-term action of geological tectonic force and the gravity of the upper covering rock layer, some caves collapsed, and the coal-bearing strata covering the upper part also collapsed, so the coal seam was destroyed. Because this collapse is a round or irregular elliptical column, it is called a sinking column.

[0052] The collapse column is an irregular conical or cylindrical geological structure with a jagged interface, mixed rocks without sequence inside, broken coal seams at the edges, and a central axis nearly vertical to the rock layers, often accompanied by gas outbursts and groundwater seepage.

[0053] Hanging wall: In an inclined fault, the rock mass above the fault plane is called the hanging wall. In plate motion, the hanging wall usually refers to the crustal plate relatively close to the surface.

[0054] Footwall: In contrast to the hanging wall, the rock below the fault plane is called the footwall. In plate movement, the footwall usually refers to the relatively deep crustal plate.

[0055] In order to make the technical solution of the present disclosure clearer and easier to understand, the deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] As mentioned in the background technology section, three-dimensional geological modeling is an important part of geological science. It uses computer technology to model and visualize geological models. It can help geologists correctly interpret, analyze and use original geological data, so as to obtain information such as the sequence, structure, and distribution of special geological bodies in the strata, and further improve the accuracy of geological exploration and analysis. Among them, faults are important geological structures that control the spatial distribution and mutual relationship of ore deposits and ore bodies. The three-dimensional visualization of faults is conducive to determining the distribution of ore bodies according to the fault morphology and spatial position, and avoiding faults as much as possible during engineering planning. Therefore, fault modeling is an important step in the digitization of mines.

[0057] Some methods and processes for establishing complex fault models have been proposed at home and abroad. Currently, there are two main types of fault modeling strategies. One is the fault-stratum joint modeling method, which makes full use of existing data, such as profiles, boreholes, field survey data, geophysical data, etc. to directly fit the fault plane and the morphology of fault lines on each stratum; the other is the fault-stratum intersection method, which first selects different surface fitting methods to establish the fault plane and the stratum without faults, and then finds the intersection line between the fault and the initial stratum. However, the above fault modeling methods have certain limitations due to the limitations of data quantity and form. Especially when the data is sparse, the fitting of the fault plane is usually not accurate enough, and it is difficult to show the property changes of the fault in each stratum.

[0058] Since fault morphology is very complex, there are often intersections, truncation and cutting between faults. Both of the above methods are difficult to deal with the problem of fault intersection. Therefore, after establishing a separate fault plane, some methods need to be used to deal with the intersection of faults, such as the binary tree method and the path cutting algorithm. However, the former is not suitable for the case of multiple faults that are successively primary and secondary. Although the latter can automatically determine the contact relationship of complex faults and realize the construction of various types of intersecting faults, the automatic judgment criteria for the truncation of the fault still need further research.

[0059] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention designs a process for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model and a method for implementing its key technologies. The fault plane is modeled according to multi-source data, and the fault is intersected with the stratum in order of priority to process the intersection faults and the intersection of the fault and the collapse column, forming the fault line on each stratum. Specifically: When establishing the fault model, the present application uses the fault data of the geological survey report, the profile and the plan view, and the established fault model is consistent with the known fault data in the profile and the plan view. At the same time, the calculation and interpolation methods are used to increase the discrete point data, thereby improving the smoothness of the model. The drop of the fault on different strata is calculated based on the drop on the known level and the thickness of each stratum, thereby avoiding the stratum conflict problem caused by the constant drop, which conforms to the actual geological law. The calculation process uses the known drop in the data as a constraint condition, thereby improving the accuracy of the model. The fault and stratum hierarchical intersection method is adopted to divide the geological faults into different levels, and they are intersected step by step with the initial stratum without faults, which is consistent with the actual fault formation process, and the model is more accurate. The method for dealing with the intersection problem between faults and faults, and between faults and collapse columns adopts the line-surface intersection method, which is simple to operate.

[0060] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, electronic device, storage medium and program product for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction includes:

[0062] Step S102, determining the fault data of the target area, and extracting and analyzing the fault data to determine attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data;

[0063] Step S104, determining a first fault drop and a discrete point drop change type, and determining a hanging wall discrete point coordinate and a footwall discrete point coordinate according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type;

[0064] Step S106, determining the stratum interlayer spacing, and determining the second fault drop variation range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratum interlayer spacing;

[0065] Step S108, prioritizing the faults to determine a priority order, and performing intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine a first formation model;

[0066] Step S110, performing intersection deduction on the fault and the special geological structure to determine a second stratigraphic model;

[0067] Step S112: encrypt the discrete points of each fault in the formation model to determine a discrete point set, and perform Delaunay triangulation on the discrete points to generate a fault surface model.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the main steps of this application are as follows:

[0069] (1) Extraction and analysis of fault data

[0070] Obtain multi-source data from geological data, including various exploration data and attribute data in production reports and geological maps such as plan views, tunnel sketches, and drill hole histograms. The extracted raw data are the following three types: attribute data, plane fault discrete points, and elevation data on the profile.

[0071] (2) Calculation of discrete points marking stratigraphic faults

[0072] The coordinates of the discrete points of the upper and lower plates of the fault in the marker layer are calculated through the plan view of the mining project. The drop at each discrete point is determined, the coordinates of the discrete points of the upper plate of the fault are calculated, and the corresponding coordinates of the discrete points of the lower plate are obtained according to the properties of the fault.

[0073] (3) Calculation of fault drop in non-marked formations

[0074] The fault drop in some strata is obtained from geological data. The basic idea is to keep the thickness of the aquifer unchanged while changing the thickness of the impermeable layer, and constrain the drop of other layers within a certain range according to the thickness of each stratum. The fault moves along the fault line formed by each set of discrete points corresponding to the upper and lower plates. The equation of the fault line formed by the two corresponding points of the upper and lower plates is obtained, and the intersection is obtained by intersecting with the initial stratigraphic model. Then, the stratigraphic interlayer spacing at the intersection of each layer is calculated. The range of the non-marked stratum fault drop is determined based on the calculated interlayer spacing and the known drop.

[0075] (4) Fault intersection deduction

[0076] The specific process is as follows Figure 3 As shown in the figure, when dealing with complex fault systems, the priority order of modeling faults is divided. For non-marker layers, the discrete points of the faults are calculated step by step from low to high to obtain fault lines. When faults intersect, the type of intersection is determined, the intersection points at the intersection are found, and several intersecting fault groups are formed until all faults and intersecting fault groups on the stratum are found. For marker layers with a plane map as a reference, the faults are added to the grid division of the initial stratum as inner boundaries in the order of levels. When faults intersect, the deduction method is the same as that for non-marker layers.

[0077] (5) Deduction of the intersection of faults and special geological structures

[0078] The method for deducing the intersection between faults and special geological bodies such as sinkholes and lenses is similar to the method for intersection between faults. After determining the intersection type and calculating the intersection points, the intersection points are added to the discrete points of the intersecting faults (groups) to form a fault-sinkhole intersection group. The final inner boundary line includes individual faults, sinkholes, intersecting fault groups, fault-sinkhole intersection groups, and fault-lens intersection groups. The stratigraphic model obtained by adding the corresponding stratigraphic layer to constrain Delaunay triangulation is the final model.

[0079] (6) Generation of fault plane

[0080] After the discrete points of each fault are encrypted and formed into a discrete point set, Delaunay triangulation is performed to generate a separate fault surface model.

[0081] In some embodiments, (1) extraction and analysis of tomographic data

[0082] Definition: A stratum with important characteristics is called a landmark stratum.

[0083] Step 1: Extract fault attribute data from production reports and geological maps such as plan views, tunnel sketches, and drill hole histograms, mainly including fault name, dip, fault nature, distribution strata, and fall.

[0084] Step 2: According to the length of the fault, select a number of discrete points at reasonable intervals on the fault line of the stratigraphic engineering plan. The intersection of the fault line and the exploration line, the intersection of the fault line and the contour line, the location where the fault attribute changes, and the fault pinch-out point are control points.

[0085] Step 3: Extract the z coordinates of the intersections between each fault and the top surface of each stratum on the profile as the original elevation data.

[0086] (2) Calculation of discrete points marking stratigraphic faults

[0087] Step 1: Determine the change of fault height. There are two types of height changes: height change and height unchanged. The height change can be further divided into gradual height change and sudden height change.

[0088] Step 2: Calculate the drop at each discrete point.

[0089] For the case where the drop is constant, the drop at each point is a constant value.

[0090] For the case of gradual drop, the drop of the point to be determined is calculated according to the known drop by geometric rules. If there is no position where the drop gradually changes to zero, the fault does not pinch out in the modeling area; if the drop gradually changes to zero, this position is the pinch-out point of the fault. Due to different gradual trends, the fault line will produce different pinch-out shapes, the most common of which are triangular pinch-out and elliptical pinch-out.

[0091] For the case of triangular pinch-out, as shown in Figure 4(a), the fault pinch-out shape is approximately a triangle. The fault drop in this case can be regarded as a linear change, satisfying the linear function relationship. l is the length of the line connecting the pinch-out points at both ends of the fault, H is the maximum drop, and s is the distance from the point to be found on the plane to the maximum drop. The drop h of the position to be found is expressed as follows:

[0092]

[0093] For the case of elliptical pinch-out, as shown in Figure 4(b), the fault shape is close to an ellipse. The relationship between the distance s from the point to be determined to the maximum drop and the drop h of the point to be determined approximately satisfies the elliptical function. Among them, l is the length of the line connecting the pinch-out points at both ends of the fault, and H is the maximum drop. The drop h is expressed as:

[0094]

[0095] For the case of a sudden change in drop, the location where the drop suddenly increases or decreases is usually taken as the mutation point, and the drop of the fault on both sides of the mutation point is a constant drop or a gradual drop.

[0096] Step 3: Calculate the coordinates of discrete points on the upper and lower walls of the fault. The following situations need to be considered according to the number of exploration lines passing through the fault line: one exploration line passing through, multiple exploration lines passing through, and no exploration line passing through. The following takes a normal fault as an example to explain each case.

[0097] (1) There is an exploration line passing through the fault line

[0098] First, convert the profile into a three-dimensional form. On the plane, take the coordinates of the drilling points at both ends of the exploration line segment that intersects the fault, and calculate the vertical plane equation passing through these two drilling points b1 and b2, which is the plane equation of the profile Ax+By+C=0. The distance from the point to be determined to any drilling point (x0, y0, z0) at both ends of the exploration line is d1. According to the geometric relationship (Figure 5(a)), the coordinates of the discrete point to be determined (x E ,y E ,z E ) satisfies the following formula:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, the coordinate z E Read directly on the profile corresponding to the exploration line.

[0101] Calculate the coordinates of the discrete points on the upper wall of the fault where there is no exploration line. At the location where the fault does not intersect with the exploration line, the x, y coordinates of the discrete points on the upper wall of the fault can be determined based on the geometric rules on the fault plane. It is known that on the plane map, the upper wall point O at the exploration line passing through the fault is (x h0,y h0 ,z h0 ), and its distance from the point to be found R1 is d2. The angle between the line connecting these two points and the exploration line is θ (θ≤90°). The slope of the line connecting the drilling points b1 and b2 at both ends of the line segment is the slope k1 of the line segment, so the slope of the line connecting the upper point on the exploration line and the point to be found is:

[0102]

[0103] According to the geometric relationship in the figure (Figure 5(b)), the coordinates (x, y, z) of the discrete points on the upper plate to be determined satisfy the equations

[0104]

[0105] The elevation of the above discrete points is calculated by the contour lines. When the discrete point is exactly on the contour line, the elevation of the point is the elevation value of the contour line; when the discrete point is not on the contour line, the result is calculated by proportional interpolation based on the distance between the contour lines.

[0106] Finally, the coordinates of the discrete points in the lower plate are calculated based on the fault attributes. The elevation of the discrete point in the upper plate plus the drop at the point can be used to obtain the corresponding elevation of the discrete point in the lower plate, and then the plane coordinates of the point in the lower plate are calculated. First, the plane equation a is obtained by using the coordinates of the two points O and O' on the lower plate and the coordinates of the first discrete point R1 on the upper plate adjacent to the right side of the profile. r1 x+b r1 y+c r1 z+d r1 = 0. The coordinates of the upper point O on the exploration line are (x h0 ,y h0 ,z h0 ), the coordinates of the adjacent upper plate discrete point R1 are (x r1 ,y r1 ,z r1 ), let the coordinates of the next point R1′ to be determined be (x r1 ′,y r1 ′,z r1 ′), there is a geometric relationship on this plane as shown in Figure 5(c). By solving the following set of equations, the x and y coordinates of the discrete points on the lower plate are obtained:

[0107]

[0108] Among them, z′ r1 The elevation to be calculated.

[0109] Next, take the upper point R1 of the position just sought and the next adjacent upper point R2 as known points. The coordinates of R2 are (x r2 ,y r2 ,z r2), let the coordinates of the next point R2′ to be determined be (x r2 ′,y r2 ′,z r2 ′)(Figure 5(d)), at this time we have:

[0110]

[0111] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, on the same fault, the discrete points to the left of the points passed by the exploration line also satisfy the above formula.

[0112] Continue to calculate according to the rules, the upper point R on the right side of the exploration line n The corresponding lower plate coordinates (x rn ′,y rn ′,z rn ′) satisfies the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] The discrete point L on the left n This equation is also satisfied.

[0115] When the fault pinches out in the modeling area, the drop at the pinch-out point is 0, and the stratum does not slip at this point.

[0116] (2) There are multiple exploration lines passing through the fault line

[0117] The basic calculation method of the coordinates of discrete points on the upper and lower plates is the same as when there is an exploration line passing through the fault. However, in order to ensure the continuity of the fault plane, in the calculation process, it is stipulated that the plane coordinates of all intersections of non-exploration lines and fault lines are based on the exploration line on the left side of the point to be calculated. Figure 7 As shown, calculate the discrete point B on the upper plate at the non-profile R1 When calculating the coordinates, the upper point of the exploration line taken as the reference is the point O2 on its left side; calculate C R1 When calculating the coordinates, the upper point is O3; calculate D R1 When calculating the coordinates, the upper point is O4; calculate A R1 , A R2 , A R3 When the coordinates are obtained, the upper point is O1. When there is no exploration line on the left side of the point to be found, as shown in Figure A L1 , A L2 , the upper plate point is taken as point O1 on its right. When calculating the discrete points of the lower plate, the same principle is followed: calculate B R1 ' coordinates, the known points are O2, B R1 ; Calculate A R1 ' coordinates, the known points are O1, A R1 , calculate A R2 ' coordinates, the known point is AR1 , A R2 ... and so on. And calculate A L1 ', then the known points are O1, A L1 This calculation method can ensure the consistency and continuity of the fault plane.

[0118] In the case where there is no exploration line passing through the fault line, the fault data is usually obtained by geophysical exploration methods such as 3D seismic, and the coordinates of the discrete points on the hanging wall can be directly obtained on the plane map. This situation is more common in smaller faults.

[0119] When calculating the discrete points of the footwall, it is necessary to start from one end of the fault and proceed in the order of the discrete points. When calculating the coordinates of the first point of the footwall, the corresponding P of the hanging wall h1 The coordinates are (x1, y1, z1), z1 is the elevation of the lower plate, P h1 The drop is h1, and the adjacent upper plate point P h2 The coordinates are (x2, y2, z2), and the coordinates of the lower disk are P f1 For (x1′, y1′, z1′), the equations can be obtained from the geometric relationship of the plane (Figure 8(a)):

[0120]

[0121] A special case is that there is a pinch-out point on the fault (Figure 8(b)). In this case, if the coordinates of the pinch-out point P0 are (x0, y0, z0), the coordinates of the first point adjacent to the pinch-out point on the upper plate are P h1 is (x1, y1, z1), the corresponding lower point P f1 The coordinates (x1′, y1′, z1′) satisfy the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] Where z is point P h1 Footwall elevation, h1 is P h1 There is a gap.

[0124] After obtaining the lower plate coordinates of the first point, the method in the first case is used to continuously calculate the coordinates of the remaining lower plate discrete points.

[0125] The sliding direction of the upper and lower plates of the reverse fault is opposite to that of the normal fault, but the calculation method of the discrete points is exactly the same. After determining the coordinates of the discrete points in the upper plate and calculating the height difference, the elevation of the corresponding discrete points in the lower plate is subtracted from the elevation of the discrete points in the upper plate. The coordinates of the discrete points in the lower plate are calculated according to the properties of the fault.

[0126] 3) Calculation of fault drop in non-marked strata

[0127] The fault moves along the fault line formed by each set of discrete points of the upper and lower plates. The equation of the fault line formed by the two corresponding points of the upper and lower plates is obtained, and the intersection is obtained by intersecting with the initial stratigraphic model. Then the stratigraphic spacing at the intersection of each layer is calculated. The fault drop of each layer should meet the following conditions: ① The fault pinches out in the vertical direction, and the drop between the upper and lower layers is close to zero; ② There is no conflict between the layers; ③ When the first two conditions are met, the fault drop gradually decreases at the upper and lower ends. As shown in Figure 9(a), the stratigraphic layers C1, C2, ..., C m ,…,C i-1 (i is an odd number), the fault is pinched out in the aquiclude above and below (i.e., stratum C 0-1 and C (i-1)-i The known drop stratum of F1 is C (m-1)-m (m is an even number), the known drop is recorded as H (m-1)-m , the required discrete point corresponding to the layer spacing is expressed as D (i-1)-i Figure 9(b) shows the change of the height of the reverse fault F2.

[0128] There are two cases depending on the number of aquifers that the fault penetrates.

[0129] For faults in strata consisting of one, two, or three aquifers, if the elevation of one of the aquifers is known, the elevation of the entire fault is considered to be constant. Since such faults usually have small elevations, there will be no conflict between the strata.

[0130] When the fault stratum includes more than three aquifers, when the fault drop gradually decreases toward the upper and lower ends, the drop of each aquifer should satisfy the following formula:

[0131] 0<1 / 2H (i-2)-(i-1) <D (i-1)-(i)

[0132] 0<1 / 2H 1-2 <D 0-1

[0133]

[0134] H 1-2 <… <H max >…>H (i-2)-(i-1)

[0135] When the fault is a normal fault (Figure 10(a)), on the basis of satisfying the above conditions, in order to prevent conflict between strata, when k ≥ 2 and That is, k ≥ 2 and 1 / 2H (2k-3)-(2k-2) <1 / 2H (2k-1)-2k +D (2k-2)-(2k-1) , when k ≥ 2 and That is When it is 1 / 2H (2k-1)-2k <1 / 2H (2k-3)-(2k-2) +D (2k-2)-(2k-1) .

[0136] When the fault is a reverse fault (Figure 10(b)), then there is:

[0137] When it is 1 / 2H (2k-3)-(2k-2) <1 / 2H (2k-1)-2k +D (2k-2)-(2k-1) ;

[0138] When k≥2 and it is 1 / 2H (2k-1)-2k <1 / 2H (2k-3)-(2k-2) +D (2k-2)-(2k-1) .

[0139] In the above formulas, k is an integer.

[0140] On the basis of satisfying the above inequalities, according to the location of the formation with the known throw, and comparing the known formation throw with the adjacent bed spacing, the following situations exist in both normal faults and reverse faults. Taking the normal fault as an example below:

[0141] ① m = 2: The known formation throw must be less than the adjacent bed spacing.

[0142] H (m-1)-m <…<H max >…>H (i-2)-(i-1) .

[0143] ② 3 < m ≤ (i - 3) / 2 (Figure 11(a)):

[0144] a. Half of the known throw is less than the thickness of the adjacent water - resisting layer (Figure 11(b)):

[0145] H 1-2 <…<H (m-1)-m <…<H max >…>H (i-2)-(i-1) .

[0146] b. Half of the known throw is greater than the thickness of the upper adjacent water - resisting layer (Figure 11(c)):

[0147] On the basis of satisfying the conditions in a, add 1 / 2H (m-3)-(m-2) >1 / 2H (m-1)-m -D (m-2)-(m-1) .

[0148] c. Half of the known throw is greater than the thickness of the lower adjacent water - resisting layer:

[0149] There is no conflict between the formations.

[0150] ③(i - 3) / 2 < m < (i + 5) / 2 (Figure 12(a)):

[0151] a. One - half of the known head difference is less than the thickness of the adjacent aquitard (Figure 12(b)):

[0152] H 1-2 <… < H max >… > H (i-2)-(i-1) 。

[0153] b. One - half of the known head difference is greater than the thickness of the adjacent upper aquitard (Figure 12(c)):

[0154] Based on a, add 1 / 2H (m-2)-(m-3) > 1 / 2H (m-1)-m -D (m-2)-(m-1) 。

[0155] c. One - half of the known head difference is greater than the thickness of the adjacent lower aquitard (Figure 12(d)):

[0156] Based on the condition in a, add 1 / 2H (m+1)-(m+2) > 1 / 2H (m-1)-m -D m-(m+1) (m > 3).

[0157] ④(i + 5) / 2 ≤ m < i - 1 (Figure 13(a)):

[0158] a. One - half of the known head difference is less than the thickness of the adjacent aquitard (Figure 13(b)):

[0159] H 1-2 <… < H max >… > H (m-1)-m >… > H (i-2)-(i-1) 。

[0160] b. One - half of the known head difference is greater than the thickness of the adjacent upper aquitard: There is no conflict between the strata.

[0161] c. One - half of the known head difference is greater than the thickness of the adjacent lower aquitard (Figure 13(c)):

[0162] Based on the condition in a, add 1 / 2H (m+1)-(m+2) > 1 / 2H (m-1)-m -D m-(m+1) (m > 3).

[0163] ⑤m = i - 1: The known head difference between strata must be less than the adjacent layer spacing.

[0164] H 1-2 <… < H max >… > H (m-1)-m 。

[0165] After finding the range of the fault drop on each non-marker stratum, the drop value is determined comprehensively based on the lithology and thickness of the stratum.

[0166] 4) Fault intersection deduction

[0167] Step 1: Based on the original data such as boreholes and profiles, the discrete points of each layer are obtained by interpolation. All discrete points are triangulated to obtain the initial stratigraphic model without faults.

[0168] Step 2: Prioritize the modeled faults. The basic principle of priority is: faults with a later development age are higher than faults with an earlier development age; cutting faults are higher than cut faults; auxiliary faults are higher than main faults; and secondary faults are higher than main faults. Level 1 is defined as the lowest level.

[0169] Step 3: Calculate the discrete fault points on the non-marked strata in a hierarchical manner. Fig.14 , the specific steps include:

[0170] ① According to the discrete points of the fault on the marker layer, find the equation of the straight line formed by two discrete points in each group of upper and lower plates of each fault.

[0171] ② According to the level of the fault, all the straight lines in the lowest-level fault are intersected with the desired stratigraphic surface to obtain the intersection points of these straight lines and the stratigraphic surface.

[0172] ③ Calculate the elevation of discrete points. The drop of each set of discrete points on the upper and lower plates of the fault in each stratum is determined according to the formula in 3) Calculation of the drop of faults in non-marked strata. For normal faults, the z coordinates of the discrete points on the upper and lower plates of the fault in other layers are obtained by subtracting or adding half of the corresponding drop from the elevation of the intersection point; while for reverse faults, the elevation of the upper and lower plates of the fault is obtained by adding or subtracting half of the corresponding drop from the elevation of the intersection point.

[0173] ④Substitute the obtained elevation of each set of upper and lower plate points, i.e., the z coordinate value, into the corresponding straight line equation to find the x and y values. It should be noted that the slope of the straight line where the fault pinch-out point is located is the same as the slope of the straight line formed by the adjacent non-pinch-out discrete points of the upper and lower plates. The intersection of the straight line where the pinch-out point on the marker layer is located and each non-marker stratum is the pinch-out point of the fault on these layers.

[0174] Step 4: Arrange the discrete points of each fault in order to obtain the intersection line of the first-level fault. Add all these closed curves as internal boundaries to the initial stratigraphic model, perform constrained Delaunay triangulation, and obtain the first-level stratigraphic model M1 with the first-level fault.

[0175] Step 5: Intersect the fault line formed by the two discrete points of the upper and lower plates of the second-level fault with the M1 model, and find all the discrete points of the second-level fault according to step 3. Arrange these discrete points in order to obtain the second-level fault line.

[0176] Step 6: Process intersecting faults. Specifically include:

[0177] First, determine the intersection type. The fault plane formed by the discrete points of the upper and lower plates of the second-level fault on the marker layer extends upward and downward, intersecting with the upper-level fault line on the stratum to be determined. The number of intersections obtained includes two intersections, one intersection, and no intersection. Then, determine the deduction method according to the nature of the upper-level fault ( Figure 15(a)-Figure 15(i) shown).

[0178] (1) When the upper fault is a normal fault:

[0179] Two intersection points: First determine whether the intersection type of the two faults on the landmark stratum is X-type or Y-type.

[0180] If the intersection type on the marker stratum is X-type (Figure 16(a)), the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0181] a) The auxiliary fault plane intersects with the main fault plane to obtain two intersection points J H and J F ;

[0182] b) Each set of corresponding upper and lower discrete points in the auxiliary fault forms a straight line, and find the line J between these two points. H and J F The closest straight line and record the corresponding direction vector as v H ,v F and the corresponding height difference H H ,H F .

[0183] c) Calculate the J passing through these two points respectively H ,J F And the slopes are v H ,v F The straight line, J H and J F After adding or subtracting one-half of the corresponding drop to the elevation, substitute it into the corresponding straight line to calculate the x and y coordinate values.

[0184] d) Finally, the coordinates of the four intersection points are obtained.

[0185] If the intersection type on the marker stratum is Y-shaped, then the two faults usually intersect in the desired stratum in a Y-shaped manner. The specific operation steps (Figure 16(b)) are:

[0186] a) The auxiliary fault plane intersects with the main fault plane to obtain two intersection points;

[0187] b) Determine a plate in the main fault on the marker layer that intersects with the auxiliary fault. The plate on the non-marker layer that intersects with the auxiliary fault is the same plate of the main fault. Keep the intersection points on the plate of the main fault and discard the intersection points on the other plate.

[0188] c) Calculate the distances from each discrete point in the auxiliary fault to the hanging wall and footwall of the main fault. If the distance from a discrete point to one wall of the main fault that intersects with the auxiliary fault is greater than the distance to the other wall, discard the point.

[0189] d) The strata at the retained intersection are displaced according to the closest drop in the auxiliary fault, and finally the two faults intersect to obtain two intersection points.

[0190] ② An intersection point: The auxiliary fault plane intersects with the main fault line on the stratum to be determined, and an intersection point is obtained. The following steps are similar to the above, and the stratum at this point is displaced according to the closest drop in the auxiliary fault, and finally the two faults intersect to obtain two intersection points (Figure 16(c)).

[0191] ③ No intersection: First determine whether the two faults intersect in the stratum to be determined. There are three situations.

[0192] According to geological laws, if two faults do not intersect, no processing will be done.

[0193] According to the plane map and geological laws, when two faults intersect in a Y shape, the straight lines determined by the upper and lower plates at the intersection of the auxiliary fault and the main fault are intersected with the stratum to be determined and the intersection point is obtained. Then, it is determined whether the drop at the end point where the auxiliary fault and the main fault may intersect is close to zero.

[0194] If the drop is close to 0, then this intersection is the pinch-out point of the auxiliary fault at the surface to be determined, and the two faults do not intersect (Figure 16(d)). If the drop at this point is not close to 0, the two faults intersect in a Y-shape, and the auxiliary fault plane is extended to intersect with the main fault line to obtain an intersection. The next steps are the same as the processing in ②, and finally the two faults intersect to obtain two intersections (Figure 16(e)).

[0195] (2) When the upper fault is a reverse fault:

[0196] Two intersection points: First determine whether the intersection type of the two faults on the landmark stratum is X-type or Y-type.

[0197] If the intersection type on the marker stratum is X-type (Figure 17(a)), the processing method is the same as when the upper fault is a normal fault, and finally the two faults intersect to obtain four intersection points.

[0198] If the intersection type on the marker stratum is Y-type, it is necessary to determine the intersection type of the two faults on the stratum to be determined. The specific operation steps are:

[0199] a) Calculate the distance from the end point of the auxiliary fault that does not intersect the main fault to the hanging wall and footwall of the main fault on the xy plane. The wall with the larger distance is regarded as the wall that will definitely shift. Calculate the intersection point J of the auxiliary fault plane and the wall that will definitely shift in the main fault. P , and then obtain the coordinates of the two intersection points J1 and J2 by ​​shifting.

[0200] b) Determine whether the stratum of the other plate is displaced by the auxiliary fault. The straight line passing through J1 and J2 has another intersection point J with the stratum to be determined. Compare the elevations of J1, J2 and J.

[0201] c) If the elevations of J1 and J2 are both greater than or less than J, it proves that the strata of the other plate do not shift, and the two faults intersect in a Y shape, with the intersection points being J1 and J2 (Figure 17(b)). At this time, in order to ensure that the strata do not conflict, some discrete points in the auxiliary fault need to be discarded. The method is as follows: Each group of upper and lower plate discrete points of the auxiliary fault forms a straight line, and the intersection points of the straight line and the first-level strata are calculated. When there are multiple intersection points, the group of discrete points is discarded; when the number of intersection points between the straight line and the first-level strata is 1, the distances from these intersection points to the projection lines of the upper and lower plates on the xy plane are calculated. If the distance from an intersection point to the projection line of a plate with a certain shift is smaller than that of another plate, the corresponding group of upper and lower plate discrete points is discarded.

[0202] d) If the elevation of J is between J1 and J2, it proves that the strata of the other plate also shifted, and the two faults intersected in an X-shape. According to the method of X-shape intersection, the two intersection points on the other plate are obtained. Finally, four fault intersection points are obtained (Figure 17(c)).

[0203] ② An intersection point: First, determine whether the two faults intersect at the desired stratum by judging whether the drop at the end point where the auxiliary fault and the main fault may intersect is close to zero. There are two situations.

[0204] If the fall is 0 or close to 0, the two faults do not intersect (Figure 17(d)), and the pinch-out point needs to be determined. The straight line formed by the intersection of the two faults on the marker layer intersects with the stratum to be determined, resulting in two intersection points. Next, the distance from the endpoint of the side of the auxiliary fault that does not intersect with the main fault to the upper and lower plates of the main fault is calculated on the xy plane. The plate with the larger distance is taken as the plate where the auxiliary fault is located. When it is located in the stratum of the upper plate (or lower plate) of the main fault, the point with the lower (or higher) elevation of the two points is discarded. The other point is the pinch-out point of the auxiliary fault. In order to ensure that there is no conflict in the strata, the straight line formed by each group of discrete points of the upper and lower plates of the auxiliary fault is calculated to count the intersection points with the first-level stratum. When more than one intersection point is generated in this process, the corresponding discrete points are discarded.

[0205] If the drop is not close to 0, the two faults intersect. In order to make the faults intersect, extend the auxiliary fault plane and calculate its intersection point J with the main fault where the displacement must occur. P , the coordinates of the two intersection points J1 and J2 are obtained after the displacement. Then the following processing method is the same as when there are two intersection points, that is, to determine whether the stratum of the other plate is displaced, as shown in Figure 17 (e).

[0206] ③ No intersection: First determine whether the two faults intersect in the stratum to be determined. There are three situations.

[0207] According to geological laws, if two faults do not intersect, no processing will be done.

[0208] According to the plane map and geological laws, when two faults intersect in a Y shape, the straight lines determined by the upper and lower plates at the intersection of the auxiliary fault and the main fault intersect with the stratum to be determined and the intersection point is obtained. Then, it is determined whether the drop at the end point of the auxiliary fault with the smaller distance from the main fault is close to zero.

[0209] If the fall is close to 0, then this intersection is the pinch-out point of the auxiliary fault at the desired stratum level. As shown in Figure 17(f), the strata at this location do not move and the two faults do not intersect.

[0210] If the drop at this point is not close to 0, the next step is the same as the processing in step ②, extending the auxiliary fault plane and calculating its intersection point J with the main fault where a certain displacement must occur. P , after the displacement, the coordinates of the two intersection points J1 and J2 are obtained. Then it is determined whether the stratum of the other plate has been displaced.

[0211] Step 7: Add the fault intersection points generated by the above processing to the corresponding intersecting fault discrete point groups, discard the discrete points between the intersection points, and arrange each group of points to form a discrete point group.

[0212] Step 8: All intersecting fault lines and other primary and secondary single fault lines are used as inner boundaries to perform Delaunay division of the strata to obtain a secondary model M2 containing primary and secondary faults.

[0213] Step 9: Intersect the fault line formed by the two discrete points of the upper and lower plates of the third-level fault with the M2 model. According to step 3, all the discrete points of the third-level fault are obtained. Arrange these discrete points in order to obtain the third-level fault line. Repeat steps 6 to 8 to obtain the third-level model M2 containing the first and second faults.

[0214] Step 10: Repeat the calculation in step 9 until all faults are found.

[0215] Step 11: For the marker layer with the engineering plan as reference, all the fault discrete points have been obtained. As with the non-marker layer, repeat steps 4 to 9 until all faults in the marker layer are added to the grid division of the formation.

[0216] 5) Deduction of the intersection of faults and special geological structures

[0217] Connect the corresponding points of the top and bottom layers of each collapse column. Each collapse column can form a closed surface composed of multiple planes. Find the intersection points of each plane that constitutes the closed surface with all the fault lines on the stratum. As shown in the figure, the number of intersection points may be two (Figure 18(a)) or four (Figure 18(b)). Then add the discrete points of the collapse column on the stratigraphic layer and the obtained intersection points to the discrete points of the fault (group) that intersects with it. After deleting the discrete points between the intersection points, each group of points is arranged in sequence to form a fault-collapse column intersection group.

[0218] 6) Generation of fault plane

[0219] The discrete points of each fault calculated in the above steps are all on the fault plane and are located on different straight lines. In order to improve the smoothness of the triangular mesh model, according to the thickness of the overall stratigraphic model, the scale of the fault and the accuracy requirements of the model, a number of discrete points are taken at reasonable intervals between the highest and lowest points on each straight line in each fault, so that each fault forms a discrete point set. Finally, all the discrete points on each fault are divided into Delaunay triangulated meshes to generate a separate fault plane model (such as Fig.19 shown).

[0220] In some embodiments, the present application also provides a specific example, which is the application of a three-dimensional modeling method for a fault structure of a coal mine.

[0221] Step 1: Collect and process fault data.

[0222] Step 2: The terrain in this area is relatively flat, with high in the west and low in the east. The faults in the area are mainly high-angle normal faults. The main structural lines are distributed in three directions: north-south, east-west, and northeast, with northeast faults being the main ones. Large and medium-sized faults are high-angle normal faults that are nearly parallel, forming narrow grabens and horst structures, which usually constitute the boundary between the coal-bearing area and the coal-free area in the mining area. Faults with a drop of more than 20m in the mining area often become the boundary of the mining area. After generalization, the strata in this mining area have a total of 23 layers, including 3 main coal seams. Among them, No. 9 coal is the main mining seam. According to the impact of the fault scale on production, faults with a drop of less than 5 meters are not depicted. The original data for fault modeling are extracted from the drilling hole, geological exploration report, profile and mining engineering plan of the main coal seams. Among them, the positions of the discrete points of the faults are extracted on the mining engineering plan of the three main coal seams. The stratum where the fault is located is determined based on the cross-section diagram, but for some smaller faults, the cross-section diagram does not have this information. It is believed that such faults extend both upward and downward to the aquifer adjacent to the coal seam.

[0223] Step 3: Calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of all discrete fault points on the main coal seam.

[0224] Step 4: Based on the original data such as boreholes and profiles, the discrete points of each layer are obtained by interpolation. All discrete points are triangulated to obtain the initial stratigraphic model M0 without faults.

[0225] Step 5: Calculate the drop and fault lines on other strata. These strata do not have a plane map as a reference, so the straight line formed by each set of discrete points on the upper and lower plates of the coal seam is intersected with the stratum. Some faults may be distributed on more than one plane map. In this case, take the upper and lower points of the fault on one of the coal seams to calculate the straight line. No. 9 coal is the main mining coal seam, so the points on this coal seam are used as the standard. When a fault is distributed on both No. 2 coal and No. 5 coal, the fault point on No. 5 coal is used as the standard. The straight lines formed by the upper and lower points of each fault are intersected with all the initial stratum surfaces of the non-coal seams that they pass through in order from low to high levels.

[0226] Step 6: After the discrete points of the first-level fault are obtained, the fault line is obtained. The first-level fault is used as the inner boundary to perform stratigraphic grid division to obtain the first-level stratigraphic model M1.

[0227] Step 7: Calculate the discrete points of the second-level faults, obtain the fault lines, and process the intersecting faults when they are encountered. The intersecting faults in the stratigraphic model are shown in Figure 20(a), and the intersecting faults in the volume model are shown in Figure 20(b).

[0228] Step 8: Repeat steps 6 to 7 until all faults are found and a stratigraphic model containing non-marker layers of all faults is obtained.

[0229] Step 9: Process the main coal seam. Repeat step 6 until a stratigraphic model of the marker layer containing all faults is obtained. Figure 20(c) shows the stratigraphic model of the main coal seam with faults, and Figure 20(d) shows some small faults on the stratigraphic model.

[0230] Step 10: Deducing the intersection of the collapse column and the fault. The deduction method is similar to the intersection of the fault. The intersection of the collapse column and the fault in the stratigraphic layer model, the volume model and multiple stratigraphic layers is shown in Figures 20(e), 20(f) and 20(g).

[0231] Step 11: Encrypt all discrete points on each fault, and then mesh each fault to generate a fault surface model. The single fault surface model is shown in Figure 21(a), and the fault surface model of the entire mining area is shown in Figure 21(b).

[0232] Step 12: After the fault model is established, the stratigraphic model containing the fault can be cut and the properties and distribution of the fault can be observed through the section, as shown in Figure 21(c).

[0233] As can be seen from the above, the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on inference provided by the present application includes: determining the fault data of the target area, and extracting and analyzing the fault data to determine the attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data; determining the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type, and determining the upper plate discrete point coordinates and the lower plate discrete point coordinates according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type; determining the stratigraphic interlayer spacing, and determining the second fault drop change range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratigraphic interlayer spacing; prioritizing the faults to determine the priority order, and performing intersection inference according to the priority order to determine the first stratigraphic model; performing intersection inference on the faults and special geological structures to determine the second stratigraphic model; encrypting the discrete points of each fault in the stratigraphic model to determine a discrete point set, and performing Delaunay triangulation on the discrete points to generate a fault surface model. The present application models fault planes based on multi-source data, and intersects faults with strata in order of priority to process intersecting faults and the intersection of faults and collapse columns, thereby forming fault lines on each stratum, thereby improving the smoothness and accuracy of the model and making the model more accurate. The method for processing the intersection of faults and faults, and faults and collapse columns adopts a line-surface intersection method, which is simple to operate.

[0234] It should be noted that the method of the embodiment of the present application can be performed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scenario and completed by multiple devices cooperating with each other. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the multiple devices can only perform one or more steps in the method of the embodiment of the present application, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the described method.

[0235] It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0236] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiment methods, the present application also provides a three-dimensional complex fault model construction device based on deduction.

[0237] refer to Fig. 22 The device for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction comprises:

[0238] The data extraction and analysis module 2202 is configured to determine the fault data of the target area, and extract and analyze the fault data to determine attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data;

[0239] The discrete point calculation module 2204 is configured to determine the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type, and determine the coordinates of the hanging wall discrete point and the footwall discrete point according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type;

[0240] The fall calculation module 2206 is configured to determine the stratigraphic interlayer spacing, and determine the second fault fall variation range and the second fault fall according to the first fault discrete point fall and the stratigraphic interlayer spacing;

[0241] A first intersection deduction module 2208 is configured to prioritize the faults, determine a priority order, and perform intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine a first formation model;

[0242] The second intersection deduction module 2210 is configured to perform intersection deduction on the fault and the special geological structure to determine a second stratigraphic model;

[0243] The fault model module 2212 is configured to encrypt the discrete points of each fault in the formation model to determine a discrete point set, and perform Delaunay triangulation on the discrete points to generate a fault surface model.

[0244] For the convenience of description, the above device is described in terms of functions divided into various modules. Of course, when implementing the present application, the functions of each module can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware.

[0245] The device of the above embodiment is used to implement the corresponding deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0246] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiments and methods, the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction as described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0247] Fig.23 A more specific schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in this embodiment is shown, and the device may include: a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, the memory 1020, the input / output interface 1030, and the communication interface 1040 are connected to each other through the bus 1050 in the device.

[0248] The processor 1010 can be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0249] The memory 1020 may be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 may store an operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program codes are stored in the memory 1020 and are called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0250] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect the input / output module to realize information input and output. The input / output module can be configured in the device as a component (not shown in the figure), or it can be externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. The input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, various sensors, etc., and the output device may include a display, a speaker, a vibrator, an indicator light, etc.

[0251] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown) to realize communication interaction between the device and other devices. The communication module can realize communication through a wired mode (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or a wireless mode (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0252] The bus 1050 includes a path that transmits information between the various components of the device (eg, the processor 1010, the memory 1020, the input / output interface 1030, and the communication interface 1040).

[0253] It should be noted that, although the above device only shows the processor 1010, the memory 1020, the input / output interface 1030, the communication interface 1040 and the bus 1050, in the specific implementation process, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. In addition, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the above device may also only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of the present specification, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figure.

[0254] The electronic device of the above embodiment is used to implement the corresponding deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0255] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-mentioned embodiment methods, the present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0256] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, read-only compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.

[0257] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiment are used to enable the computer to execute the three-dimensional complex fault model construction method based on deduction as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0258] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction described in any of the above embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a computer program product, which includes computer program instructions. In some embodiments, the computer program instructions can be executed by one or more processors of a computer so that the computer and / or the processor execute the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction. Corresponding to the execution subject corresponding to each step in each embodiment of the method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction, the processor that executes the corresponding step may belong to the corresponding execution subject.

[0259] The computer program product of the above embodiment is used to enable the computer and / or the processor to execute the deduction-based three-dimensional complex fault model construction method as described in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0260] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application (including the claims) is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0261] In addition, to simplify the description and discussion, and in order not to make the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, the known power supply / ground connection with the integrated circuit (IC) chip and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. In addition, the device can be shown in the form of a block diagram to avoid making the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform to be implemented in the embodiments of the present application (that is, these details should be fully within the scope of understanding of those skilled in the art). In the case of elaborating specific details (e.g., circuits) to describe exemplary embodiments of the present application, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented without these specific details or when these specific details are changed. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0262] Although the present application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present application, many replacements, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the embodiments discussed.

[0263] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction, characterized in that: include: Determine the fault data of the target area, extract and analyze the fault data, and determine attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data; Determine a first fault drop and a discrete point drop change type, and determine the coordinates of the hanging wall discrete point and the footwall discrete point coordinates according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type; Determine the stratum interlayer spacing, and determine the second fault drop variation range and the second fault drop according to the stratum interlayer spacing and the first fault drop; Prioritizing the faults to determine a priority order, and performing intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine a first formation model; Intersecting faults and special geological structures are deduced to determine the second stratigraphic model; The discrete points of each fault in the formation model are encrypted to determine a discrete point set, and the discrete points are divided into Delaunay triangulated grids to generate a fault surface model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The slice data is multi-source data; The extracting and analyzing the fault data to determine the attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data includes: Extract and analyze multi-source data to determine the attribute data of the fault, the plane fault discrete points and the profile elevation data; wherein the multi-source data includes: geological survey reports, production reports, profiles, fault data of the plane diagram, tunnel sketches and drill column diagrams.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type, and determining the coordinates of the hanging plate discrete points and the footplate discrete points according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type, includes: Determine the discrete point drop on the first fault according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type; wherein the first fault is a marker layer fault, the first fault drop is determined from the engineering plan, the discrete point drop change types include: constant drop and drop change, the drop change includes drop gradual change and drop sudden change, and the drop gradual change includes triangular pinch-out gradual change and elliptical pinch-out gradual change; Determine the number of exploration lines intersecting the first fault, and determine the coordinates of the upper plate discrete points and the coordinates of the lower plate discrete points according to the discrete point drop on the first fault and the number of exploration lines; wherein the coordinates of the upper plate discrete points include the coordinates of the upper plate discrete points of the normal fault and the coordinates of the upper plate discrete points of the reverse fault, and the coordinates of the lower plate discrete points include the coordinates of the lower plate discrete points of the normal fault and the coordinates of the lower plate discrete points of the reverse fault.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The determining of the stratum interlayer spacing, determining the second fault drop variation range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratum interlayer spacing, comprises: Determine the fault straight line equation according to the coordinates of the upper plate discrete points and the coordinates of the lower plate discrete points; wherein the fault straight line equation is the straight line equation formed by each group of corresponding upper and lower plate discrete points; Determining the stratum interlayer spacing according to the fault line equation; According to the stratigraphic interlayer spacing and the discrete point drop on the first fault, the drop variation range of the second fault and the second fault drop are determined; wherein the second fault is a non-marker stratigraphic fault.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The priority division is performed according to the fault development age and fault cutting time; The prioritizing of the faults to determine the priority order, and performing intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine the first formation model includes: Determining a second fault discrete point according to the priority order; Determine a fault line according to the discrete points of the fault, and determine whether the faults intersect according to the fault line; In response to determining the intersection of faults, the intersection type and intersection point are determined, and intersection deduction is performed based on the intersection type and intersection point to determine the first formation model; wherein the first formation model is a formation model containing faults.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of performing intersection deduction on the fault and the special geological structure to determine the second stratigraphic model includes: After determining the intersection type and calculating the intersection points, the intersection points are added to the discrete points of the faults that intersect with them to form a fault collapse column intersection group, and the corresponding stratigraphic surface is added to perform constrained Delaunay triangulation to determine the second stratigraphic model; wherein the second stratigraphic model is the final stratigraphic model containing faults and special geological structures.

7. A device for constructing a three-dimensional complex fault model based on deduction, characterized in that: include: A data extraction and analysis module is configured to determine the fault data of the target area, and extract and analyze the fault data to determine attribute data, plane fault discrete points and profile elevation data; A discrete point calculation module is configured to determine a first fault drop and a discrete point drop change type, and determine the coordinates of the hanging wall discrete points and the footwall discrete points according to the first fault drop and the discrete point drop change type; A drop calculation module is configured to determine the stratum interlayer spacing, and determine the second fault drop variation range and the second fault drop according to the first fault discrete point drop and the stratum interlayer spacing; A first intersection deduction module is configured to prioritize the faults, determine a priority order, and perform intersection deduction according to the priority order to determine a first formation model; A second intersection deduction module is configured to perform intersection deduction on the fault and the special geological structure to determine a second stratigraphic model; The fault model module is configured to encrypt the discrete points of each fault in the formation model to determine a discrete point set, and perform Delaunay triangulation on the discrete points to generate a fault surface model.

8. An electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising computer program instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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