Cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a novel cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups, the structure of the novel cationic lipid is shown as a general formula (1), and the definition of each symbol in the formula is consistent with the definition in the invention. The cationic lipid containing the two tertiary amine groups is a pharmaceutically acceptable, biodegradable or high-biocompatibility cationic lipid, and has the advantages of low toxicity, low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility. One or more biodegradable groups are contained between the hydrophilic head and the lipophilic tail chain of the cationic lipid containing the two tertiary amine groups, endosome storage of LNP prepared from the cationic lipid is avoided, the endosome escape efficiency of the LNP in cells is improved, and drugs are promoted to be released into cytoplasm to play a role. # imgabs0 #

Description

Cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups and its application Technical Field The present invention belongs to the field of drug delivery and generally relates to a cationic lipid, and specifically relates to a cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups which can be used as a drug carrier component, as well as a lipid composition containing the cationic lipid, a lipid pharmaceutical composition, and a preparation and application thereof. Background Art Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are spherical particles made of uniform lipids, which enter cells through endocytosis and are transported to endosomes, and then undergo an endosomal escape process, prompting the contents of LNP (such as nucleic acids) to be released into the cytoplasm. In the field of delivery, LNP has the advantages of easy preparation, modularity, good biocompatibility and strong payload capacity. It is widely used to deliver various drugs, such as small molecule drugs, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids, in order to improve the stability and solubility of drugs, enhance the delivery effect, achieve directional delivery and reduce the toxic and side effects of drugs. The advantages of LNP drug delivery systems also include highly regulated properties, which can be adjusted by changing the lipid component content, lipid types, adding targeted functional molecules and surface modification methods to adjust its stability, uptake, toxic and side effects, drug release rate and targeting. In addition, LNP also supports re-administration and transient administration, and its safety has been verified by the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines. LNPs usually contain four lipid components, including phospholipids, cationic lipids or cationic lipids, cholesterol and pegylated lipids. Cationic lipids interact with drug molecules (such as negatively charged nucleic acids) through electrostatic effects; phospholipid lipids prevent lipid oxidation or connect ligands to the surface of lipid nanoparticles; sterol lipids have strong membrane fusibility, promoting the intracellular uptake and cytoplasmic entry of drug molecules; pegylated lipids are located on the surface of lipid nanoparticles, which can improve their hydrophilicity, avoid rapid clearance by the immune system, prevent particle aggregation, and increase stability. Despite the latest progress in the use of cationic lipids for drug delivery, there is still a need in the art for selectable cationic lipids suitable for conventional therapeutic uses. A series of lipids containing multiple ester bonds and ionizable tertiary amines are prepared in document CN114751835A. The preparation method is complicated and cumbersome, and at least seven chemical reactions are required to obtain cationic lipids with asymmetric tail chains and two tertiary amine structures. Document CN101674853A discloses multiple amino acid core lipids, among which the amino acid lipid with lysine as the core contains only one tertiary amine structure and two saturated and unsaturated tails. This structure is not conducive to the formation of a conical geometry and cannot promote endosomal membrane instability and intracytoplasmic release of nucleic acids. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups, which has a simple preparation method, low cytotoxicity and high in vitro gene transfection efficiency, and a synthesis method and application thereof. Summary of the invention In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a novel cationic lipid and a preparation method thereof, a lipid composition comprising the cationic lipid, a lipid pharmaceutical composition containing the lipid composition and a preparation thereof, a liposome or lipid nanoparticle containing the lipid composition, and especially an LNP-nucleic acid pharmaceutical composition containing the cationic lipid and a preparation thereof, which have the advantages of high delivery efficiency, safety, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility, and can improve the therapeutic and / or preventive effects of the drug. The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: One embodiment of the present invention provides a cationic lipid: A cationic lipid, characterized in that the structure is as shown in general formula (1): Among them, R a , R b , R c , R d Each independently is C 1-3 Alkyl; or R a , R b Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, or R c , R d Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; M is O, S or NH; L d is a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group; X is N or CR m , the R m H or C 1-12 alkyl; L A -B3-L3-B1-L1-R1, L B -B4-L4-B2-L2-R2; wherein L1, L2, L3, L4 are each independently a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group L; B1, B2, B3, B4 are each independently a connecting bond or C 1-20 Alkylene; R1, R2 are each independently C 1-30 Hydrocarbon or C containing 1-4 -O- 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, deuterated substance or solvate thereof. The present invention also provides a lipid composition, the implementation scheme is: A lipid composition contains a cationic lipid having a structure represented by formula (1). The present invention also provides a lipid pharmaceutical composition, the implementation scheme of which is as follows: A lipid pharmaceutical composition comprises a lipid composition and a drug, wherein the lipid composition comprises a cationic lipid having a structure shown in formula (1), and the drug is selected from any one of nucleic acid drugs, gene vaccines, anti-tumor drugs, small molecule drugs, polypeptide drugs or protein drugs. The present invention also provides a lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation, the implementation scheme is as follows: A lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation contains the aforementioned lipid pharmaceutical composition and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or excipient. The present invention also provides a liposome or lipid nanoparticle, the implementation scheme is as follows: A liposome or lipid nanoparticle contains a lipid composition, wherein the lipid composition contains a cationic lipid with a structure shown in formula (1). Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups of the present invention has a hydrophilic head and a lipophilic tail. The hydrophilic head can be provided by the tertiary amine group of the amino acid residue, and the lipophilic tail contains one or more saturated or unsaturated lipophilic tail chains. The cationic lipid can be used to prepare liposomes or lipid nanoparticles, and the unsaturated groups contained in the lipophilic tail chains can adjust the fluidity of the membrane to affect the delivery of nucleic acids. The lipid nanoparticles prepared by the cationic lipid whose lipophilic tail chains contain alkenyl and alkynyl groups show more effective transfection. The hydrophilic head of the cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups of the present invention is the tertiary amine group of a lysine derivative, and has high biocompatibility; the lysine or lysine derivative raw materials used in the preparation process are simple and easy to obtain, and can be obtained naturally or by simple synthesis, and has the advantages of simplicity, safety, and cost saving in production. The cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups of the present invention contains two tertiary amine groups. Compared with the lysine-branched cationic lipid containing only one tertiary amine group, its nucleic acid delivery efficiency is higher, and the lipid dosage is less when delivering the same nucleic acid, which has the advantages of high efficiency and saving production costs. The cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups of the present invention contains one or more biodegradable groups between the hydrophilic head and the lipophilic tail chain. The biodegradable groups are stable at physiological pH and can be hydrolyzed by enzymes in cells to form multiple low-toxic or non-toxic small molecule acids, alcohols and amines, thereby further reducing the cytotoxicity of the lipids, avoiding the storage of LNPs in endosomes, promoting endosomal escape, and improving delivery efficiency. The lipase catalyzes the reaction during the preparation of the cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups. The lipase has strong activity, high selectivity, is easily available, and can be recycled and reused. Implementation 1. Terminology In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, each term has the following meaning. In the present invention, when the structure involved has isomers, it can be any one of the isomers unless otherwise specified. For example, for a structure with cis-trans isomers, it can be either a cis structure or a trans structure; for a structure with E / Z isomers, it can be either an E structure or a Z structure; and when optically active, it can be either levorotatory or dextrorotatory. In the present invention, the interpretation of numerical ranges includes both numerical ranges marked with dashes (such as 1-6) and numerical ranges marked with wavy lines such as (1-6). In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, integer ranges marked in the form of intervals can represent a group consisting of all integers within the range, and the range includes two endpoints. For example, the integer range 1-6 represents a group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The numerical ranges in the present invention, including but not limited to numerical ranges represented by integers, non-integers, percentages, and fractions, all include two endpoints unless otherwise specified. In the present invention, the numerical value involving "about" or "around" generally refers to a numerical range of ±10%, which can be enlarged to ±15% in some cases, but not more than ±20%. The preset numerical value is used as the base. For example, the molar percentage of steroid lipids in the total lipids is about 40%, which can generally be considered to include the situation where the molar percentage of steroid lipids is 30%-50%. In the present invention, "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a relatively non-toxic, inorganic acid or organic acid addition salt of the compound of the present invention. For example, see SM Berge et al. "Pharmaceutical Salts", J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19. Among them, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid, etc.; organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, acetoacetic acid, pyruvic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-benzoic acid, camphoric acid, cinnamic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, digluconic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotinic acid, pamoic acid, pectinic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, picric acid, Pivalic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, itaconic acid, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, stearic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, D-gluconic acid, mandelic acid, ascorbic acid, glucoheptonic acid, glycerophosphoric acid, aspartic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, etc. For example, HCl (or hydrochloric acid), HBr (or hydrobromic acid solution), methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, tartaric acid or fumaric acid can be used to form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt with the compound represented by formula (1). In the present invention, "solvate" refers to a complex formed by combining a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a solvent (e.g., ethanol or water). It should be understood that any solvate of a compound of formula (1) used in the treatment of a disease or condition may provide different properties (including pharmacokinetic properties), but once absorbed into a subject, a compound of formula (1) is obtained, so that the use of a compound of formula (1) covers the use of any solvate of a compound of formula (1). It should be further understood that a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be separated in the form of a solvate, and therefore any such solvate is included within the scope of the present invention. For example, a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can exist in an unsolvated form and in a solvated form formed with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent (e.g., water, ethanol, etc.). In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "include", "comprises", "contains" and similar expressions should be interpreted as "including but not limited to" in an open and inclusive sense in this specification and claims. In the present invention, when two or more objects are "independently preferred" and have multiple levels of preference, it is not required that all of them be selected from the same level of preference group. One can be preferred in a large range and the other in a small range, or one can be the largest range and the other can be any one of the preference situations, or they can be selected from the same level of preference. In the present invention, the "divalent connecting group", such as an alkylene group, an alkylene group, an arylene group, an amide bond, etc., unless otherwise specified, can select any of the two connecting ends when connecting other groups. For example, when an amide bond is used as the divalent connecting group between C-CH2CH2- and -CH2-D, it can be C-CH2CH2-C(=O)NH-CH2-D or C-CH2CH2-NHC(=O)-CH2-D. In the present invention, when the terminal group of the linking group in the structural formula is easily confused with the substituent contained in the linking group, To mark the position of the linker to other groups, such as in the structural formula In Used To mark the two positions in the divalent linking group that connect to other groups, the above two structural formulas represent -CH(CH2CH2CH3)2- and -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2-CH2CH2- respectively. In the present invention, the range of carbon atoms in a group is marked in the subscript position of C in the form of a subscript, indicating the number of carbon atoms in the group, for example, C 1-12 Means "having 1 to 12 carbon atoms", C 1-30 means "having 1 to 30 carbon atoms". "Substituted C 1-12 "Alkyl" refers to C 1-12 A compound obtained by replacing the hydrogen atom of an alkyl group. 1-12 "Substituted alkyl" refers to a compound having 1 to 12 carbon atoms obtained by replacing the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group. For example, when a group can be selected from C 1-12 In the case of an alkylene group, any alkylene group having the number of carbon atoms in the range indicated by the subscript can be selected, that is, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C 10 , C 11 , C 12 In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, subscripts marked in interval form all represent any integer that can be selected from the range, and the range includes both endpoints. In the present invention, heteroatoms are not particularly limited, including but not limited to O, S, N, P, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, B, etc. In the present invention, the hetero atom used for substitution is referred to as a "substituent atom", and any group used for substitution is referred to as a "substituent". In the present invention, "substituted" means that at least one hydrogen atom in any group (e.g., hydrocarbon, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy or alkylene) is replaced by a bond to a non-hydrogen atom, including but not limited to C1-12 Alkyl, C 1-12 Cycloalkyl, C 2-12 Alkenyl, C 2-12 Alkynyl halogen atoms (such as F, Cl, Br and I), oxo groups (=O), hydroxyl groups (-OH), alkoxy groups (-OR n , where R n C 1-12 alkyl), carboxyl (-COOH) and amino (-NR m R m , two R m Each independently is H, C 1-12 In some embodiments, the substituent is preferably C 1-12 Alkyl, C 1-12 Any of cycloalkyl, fluorine, hydroxy, alkoxy, carboxyl and amino. In the present invention, "optional" or "optionally" (e.g., optionally substituted) means that the event described thereafter may or may not occur, and the description includes instances where the event or event occurs and instances where the event or event does not occur. For example, "optionally substituted hydrocarbon" means that the hydrocarbon group may or may not be substituted, and the description includes substituted hydrocarbon groups and unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups. In the present invention, a compound or a group can be substituted and hybridized at the same time, for example, nitrophenyl replaces the hydrogen atom, and -CH2-CH2-CH2- is replaced by -CH2-S-CH(CH3)-. In the present invention, "connecting bond" refers to a group that only plays a connecting role and does not contain any atoms. When a group is defined as a connecting bond, it means that the group may not exist. In the present invention, "each occurrence is independently any of the options in the definition" not only means that different groups can be independently any of the options in the definition, but also means that different positions in the same group can also be independently any of the options in the definition. For example, in the group "-NR g C(=O)NR g -" in the middle, two R g may be the same or different and are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-12 alkyl. In the present invention, "group" contains at least one atom and refers to a free radical formed by a compound losing one or more atoms. Relative to a compound, a group formed after losing some groups is also called a residue. The valence state of the group is not particularly limited, and as an example, it can be divided into a monovalent group, a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, ..., a hundred-valent group, etc. Among them, groups with a valence state greater than or equal to 2 are collectively referred to as linking groups. Linking groups can also contain only one atom, such as an oxy group and a thiol group. In the present invention, "hydrocarbon" refers to a hydrocarbon compound composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. In the present invention, hydrocarbons are divided into aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons according to the hydrocarbon group type. Hydrocarbons that do not contain any of the structures of benzene rings or benzene rings substituted by hydrocarbon groups are defined as aliphatic hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one benzene ring or benzene ring substituted by hydrocarbon groups are defined as aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons may contain aliphatic hydrocarbon structures, such as toluene, diphenylmethane, 2,3-dihydroindene, etc. In the present invention, hydrocarbons are divided into saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons according to the degree of saturation. All aromatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are also called alkanes. The degree of unsaturation of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons is not particularly limited. For example, they include but are not limited to olefins (containing double bonds), alkynes (containing triple bonds), dienes (containing conjugated double bonds), etc. When the aliphatic hydrocarbon part is a saturated structure, it is also called an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene. In the present invention, there is no particular restriction on the structure of hydrocarbon, which can be in the form of a straight-chain structure without side groups, a branched-chain structure with side groups, a ring-containing structure, a tree-like structure, a comb-like structure, a hyperbranched structure, etc. Without particular definition, it is preferred that the straight-chain structure without side groups, the branched-chain structure with side groups, and the ring-containing structure correspond to straight-chain hydrocarbons, branched-chain hydrocarbons, and cyclic hydrocarbons, respectively. Among them, hydrocarbons without ring structures are collectively referred to as open-chain hydrocarbons, including but not limited to straight-chain structures without side groups and branched-chain structures with side groups. Open-chain hydrocarbons belong to aliphatic hydrocarbons. Therefore, straight-chain hydrocarbons can also be referred to as straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Branched-chain hydrocarbons can also be referred to as branched aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the present invention, compounds formed by replacing a carbon atom at any position in a hydrocarbon with a heteroatom are collectively referred to as heterohydrocarbons. In the present invention, "hydrocarbyl" refers to the residue formed after a hydrocarbon loses at least one hydrogen atom, including alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl. According to the number of hydrogen atoms lost, it can be divided into a monovalent hydrocarbon group (losing one hydrogen atom), a divalent hydrocarbon group (losing two hydrogen atoms, also called an alkylene group), a trivalent hydrocarbon group (losing three hydrogen atoms), and so on. When n hydrogen atoms are lost, the valence state of the formed hydrocarbon group is n. Unless otherwise specified, the hydrocarbon group in the present invention specifically refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group. Unless otherwise clearly stated in this specification, the hydrocarbon group is optionally substituted. In the present invention, the source of the hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited, and may be derived from, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons or unsaturated hydrocarbons, straight-chain hydrocarbons, branched-chain hydrocarbons or cyclic hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons or heterohydrocarbons, etc. From the perspective of saturation, for example, it may be derived from alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dienes, etc.; for cyclic hydrocarbons, for example, it may be derived from alicyclic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons, monocyclic hydrocarbons or polycyclic hydrocarbons; for heterocyclic hydrocarbons, for example, it may be derived from alicyclic heterocyclic hydrocarbons or aromatic heterocyclic hydrocarbons. In the present invention, "alkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by alkanes. If not otherwise specified, it refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by losing a hydrogen atom at any position, which may be straight-chain or branched, and may be substituted or unsubstituted. Specifically, propyl refers to any one of n-propyl and isopropyl, and propylene refers to any one of 1,3-propylene, 1,2-propylene, and isopropylene. Unless otherwise clearly stated in this specification, an alkyl group is optionally substituted. In the present invention, "unsaturated hydrocarbon group" refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by an unsaturated hydrocarbon losing a hydrogen atom. The hydrocarbon group formed by an unsaturated hydrocarbon losing a hydrogen atom on an unsaturated carbon can be divided into alkenyl, alkynyl, dienyl, etc., specifically, such as propenyl and propynyl. The hydrocarbon group formed by an unsaturated hydrocarbon losing a hydrogen atom on a saturated carbon is called an alkene group, an alkyne, a dienyl, etc., depending on the unsaturated bond, specifically, such as allyl and propargyl. In the present invention, "alkenyl" or "alkenyl group" means a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkenyl group including two or more carbon atoms (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty or more carbon atoms) and at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The symbol "C 2-15 "Alkenyl" means a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkenyl group including 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond, i.e., the alkenyl group may include one, two, three, four or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the alkenyl group described herein refers to both unsubstituted and substituted alkenyl groups. Unless otherwise clearly stated in the specification, the alkenyl group is optionally substituted. In the present invention, "alkynyl" or "alkynyl group" means an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon including two or more carbon atoms (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty or more carbon atoms) and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The symbol "C 2-15 "Alkynyl" means a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched chain alkynyl group including 2-15 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The alkynyl group may include one, two, three, four or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the alkynyl group described herein refers to both unsubstituted and substituted alkynyl groups. Unless otherwise specifically stated in the specification, the alkynyl group is optionally substituted. In the present invention, "alkylene" or "alkylene chain" refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain that connects the rest of the molecule to a free radical group, which consists only of carbon and hydrogen and is saturated or unsaturated. For example, an alkylene group (C 1-24alkylene), alkylene having one to twelve carbon atoms (C 1-12 alkylene), for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, vinylene, propenylene, n-butylene, Propylene, n-butynylene, etc. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a alkylene group is optionally substituted. In the present invention, "alkylene" refers to a divalent alkyl group, including an open-chain alkylene group and a divalent cycloalkyl group. An open-chain alkylene group refers to a divalent alkyl group without a cyclic structure, and a divalent cycloalkyl group refers to a divalent alkyl group with a cyclic structure. Unless otherwise clearly stated in the present specification, an alkylene group is optionally substituted. In the present invention, the aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative is preferably an ether-derivatized aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative containing 1-2 ether bonds, and more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon derivative containing 2 ether bonds. In the present invention, "molecular weight" represents the mass of a compound molecule. Unless otherwise specified, the unit of measurement of "molecular weight" is Dalton, Da. As used herein, "about" generally refers to ±0.5%. In the present invention, the "stable existence" and "degradable" of the group are relative concepts. Detailed examples of the stable existence group and the degradable group are shown in CN113402405A.

[0134] -

[0145] paragraph. In the present invention, "hydroxyl protecting group" includes all groups that can be used as a protecting group for a common hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl protecting group is preferably an alkanoyl group (e.g., acetyl, tert-butyryl), an aralkanoyl group (e.g., benzoyl), a benzyl group, a trityl group, a trimethylsilyl group, a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, an allyl group, an acetal group, or a ketal group. The removal of the acetyl group is generally carried out under alkaline conditions, and the most commonly used are the aminolysis of NH3 / MeOH and the methanolysis catalyzed by methanol anion; the benzyl group can be easily removed by palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis in a neutral solution at room temperature, and can also be reduced and cleaved by metal sodium in ethanol or liquid ammonia; the trityl group is generally removed by catalytic hydrogenolysis; the trimethylsilyl group is usually removed by a fluoride-containing reagent (e.g., tetrabutylammonium fluoride / anhydrous THF, etc.); tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether is relatively stable and can withstand the ester hydrolysis conditions of alcoholic potassium hydroxide and mild reduction conditions (e.g., Zn / CH3OH, etc.), and can be removed by fluoride ions (e.g., Bu4N + F - ) can be removed in tetrahydrofuran solution or with aqueous acetic acid at room temperature. In the present invention, "carboxyl protecting group" refers to a protecting group that can be converted into a carboxyl group by hydrolysis or deprotection reaction of the carboxyl protecting group. The carboxyl protecting group is preferably an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl) or an aralkyl group (e.g., benzyl), more preferably a tert-butyl group (tBu), a methyl group (Me) or an ethyl group (Et). In the present invention, "protected carboxyl" refers to a group formed after the carboxyl group is protected by a suitable carboxyl protecting group, preferably a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, a benzyloxycarbonyl group. The carboxyl protecting group can be removed by hydrolysis under the catalysis of an acid or a base, and can occasionally be eliminated by a thermal decomposition reaction, for example, the tert-butyl group can be removed under mild acidic conditions, and the benzyl group can be removed by hydrogenolysis. The reagent for removing the carboxyl protecting group is selected from TFA, H2O, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, MeOH, EtOH and a combination thereof, preferably a combination of TFA and H2O, a combination of LiOH and MeOH, or a combination of LiOH and EtOH. The protected carboxyl group is deprotected to produce the corresponding free acid, and the deprotection is carried out in the presence of a base. The base and the free acid formed by the deprotection form a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In the present invention, the term "amino protecting group" includes all groups that can be used as a conventional amino protecting group, such as aryl C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Alkoxy C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, C 1-6 Alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl or silyl, etc. The amino protecting group is preferably Boc tert-butyloxycarbonyl, Moz p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl or Fmoc9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl. The reagent for removing the amino protecting group is selected from TFA, H2O, LiOH, MeOH, EtOH and a combination thereof, preferably a combination of TFA and H2O, a combination of LiOH and MeOH, or a combination of LiOH and EtOH. The reagent for removing the Boc protecting group is TFA or HCl / EA; preferably TFA. The deprotecting agent used for the removal of the Fmoc protecting group reaction is a solution of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 20% ​​piperidine. In the present invention, "cation" means that the corresponding structure can permanently or non-permanently carry a positive charge in response to certain conditions (such as pH). Therefore, cations include both permanent cations and cationizable ones. Permanent cations refer to the corresponding compounds or groups or atoms that are positively charged at any pH value or hydrogen ion activity of their environment. Typically, the positive charge is generated by the presence of quaternary nitrogen atoms. When a compound carries multiple such positive charges, it can be called a permanent cation. Cationizable refers to a compound or group or atom that is positively charged at a lower pH and is uncharged at a higher pH of its environment. In addition, in a non-aqueous environment where the pH value cannot be determined, a cationizable compound, group or atom is positively charged at a high hydrogen ion concentration and is uncharged at a low hydrogen ion concentration or activity. It depends on the individual properties of the cationizable or polycationizable compound, in particular the pKa of the corresponding cationizable group or atom, whether it is charged or uncharged at the pH or hydrogen ion concentration. In a dilute aqueous environment, the so-called Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to estimate the fraction of cationizable compounds, groups or atoms with a positive charge, which equation is well known to those skilled in the art. For example, in some embodiments, if a compound or moiety is cationizable, it is preferred that it is at a pH of about 1 to 9, preferably 4 to 9, 5 to 8 or even 6 to 8, more preferably at a pH of equal to or lower than 9, equal to or lower than 8, equal to or lower than 7, and most preferably at a physiological pH (e.g., about 7.3 to 7.4), i.e., under physiological conditions, especially under the physiological conditions of cells in vivo. In other embodiments, it is preferred that the cationizable compound or moiety is mainly neutral at a physiological pH (e.g., about 7.0-7.4), but becomes positively charged at a lower pH. In some embodiments, the preferred range for the pKa of the cationizable compound or moiety is from about 5 to about 7. In the present invention, "cationic lipid" refers to a lipid that contains a positive charge or is ionizable as a whole. In addition to the cationic lipid shown in the general structural formula (1) of the present invention, it also includes but is not limited to N,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DODAC), N,N-distearyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP), N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride ( DOTMA), N,N-dimethyl-2,3-dioleyloxypropylamine (DODMA), 3-(didodecylamino)-N1,N1,4-tri-dodecyl-1-piperazineethylamine (KL10), N1-[2-(didodecylamino)ethyl]-N1,N4,N4-tri-dodecyl-1,4-piperazinediethylamine (KL22), 14,25-ditridecyl-15,18,21,24-tetradecyl Aza-octatriacontane (KL25), 1,2-dilinoleyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane (DLin-DMA), 2,2-dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane (DLin-K-DMA), 4-(dimethylamino)butyric acid heptaheptacontriacontane-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl ester (DLin-MC3-DMA) and 2,2-dilinoleyl- Any one of 4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-[1,3]-dioxolane (DLin-KC2-DMA), ((4-hydroxybutyl)azadialkyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate) (ALC-0315), heptadecan-9-yl-8-((2-hydroxyethyl)(6-oxo-6-((undecanyloxy)hexyl)amino)octanoate) (SM102), and mixtures thereof. In the present invention, "PEGylated lipid" refers to a molecule comprising a lipid portion and a polyethylene glycol portion. In the present invention, "neutral lipid" refers to any of a number of lipid substances, preferably phospholipids, that exist in an uncharged or neutral zwitterionic form at a selected pH and can be of synthetic or natural origin. In the present invention, "steroid lipid" refers to a steroid or a steroid analog. The changed form in the present invention refers to a structural form that can be transformed into a target reactive group through any chemical change process such as oxidation, reduction, hydration, dehydration, electronic rearrangement, structural rearrangement, salt complexation and decomplexation, ionization, protonation, deprotonation, substitution, deprotection, change of leaving group, etc. In the present invention, "a changed form of a reactive group" refers to a reactive group that still has an active form (still a reactive group) after undergoing at least one chemical change process such as oxidation, reduction, hydration, dehydration, electron rearrangement, structural rearrangement, salt complexation and decomplexation, ionization, protonation, deprotonation, substitution, deprotection, change of leaving group, etc., or an inactive form after being protected. In the present invention, "N / P ratio" refers to the molar ratio of ionizable nitrogen atoms in the cationic lipid to phosphate in the nucleic acid. In the present invention, "nucleic acid" refers to DNA or RNA or modified forms thereof. In the present invention, "RNA" refers to ribonucleic acid that may be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. For example, RNA may include modified and / or non-naturally occurring components, such as one or more nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides or linkers. RNA may include a cap structure, a chain-terminating nucleoside, a stem-loop, a polyadenylic acid sequence and / or a polyadenylation signal. RNA may have a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide of interest. For example, RNA may be a messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation of an mRNA encoding a specific polypeptide, such as in vivo translation of an mRNA in a mammalian cell, can produce the encoded polypeptide. RNA may be selected from a non-limiting group consisting of small interfering RNA (siRNA), asymmetric interfering RNA (aiRNA), microRNA (miRNA), Dicer-substrate RNA (dsRNA), small hairpin RNA (shRNA), mRNA, single-stranded guide RNA (sgRNA), self-amplifying RNA (saran), circular RNA (circRNA), cas9 mRNA and the like. mixture. In the present invention, FLuc mRNA can express luciferase protein, which emits bioluminescence in the presence of luciferin substrate, so FLuc is often used in mammalian cell culture to measure gene expression and cell activity. In the present invention, methods for determining the expression level of the target gene include but are not limited to dot blot, northern blot, in situ hybridization, ELISA, immunoprecipitation, enzyme action and phenotypic assay. In the present invention, "transfection" refers to the introduction of a species (such as RNA) into a cell. Transfection can occur, for example, in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo. In the present invention, "antigen" refers to a substance that can be recognized by the immune system, preferably recognized by the adaptive immune system, and can trigger an antigen-specific immune response, such as by forming antibodies and / or antigen-specific T cells as part of an adaptive immune response. Typically, an antigen can be or can include a peptide or protein that can be presented to a T cell by MHC. In the sense of the present invention, an antigen can be a translation product of a provided nucleic acid molecule (preferably an mRNA as defined herein). In this context, fragments, variants and derivatives of peptides and proteins comprising at least one epitope are also understood to be antigens. In the present invention, "delivery" refers to providing an entity to a target, for example, delivering a drug and / or therapeutic agent and / or preventive agent to a subject, which is a tissue and / or cell of a human and / or other animal. In the present invention, "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient or vehicle administered together with the therapeutic agent, and is suitable for contacting the tissues of humans and / or other animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reaction or other problems or complications corresponding to a reasonable benefit / risk ratio within the scope of reasonable medical judgment. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those oils of petroleum, animal, plant or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. When the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously, water is an exemplary carrier. Physiological saline and glucose and glycerol aqueous solutions can also be used as liquid carriers, particularly for injections. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, maltose, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, skim milk powder, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol, etc. The composition can also contain a small amount of wetting agent, emulsifier or pH buffer as needed. Oral formulations may contain standard carriers, such as pharmaceutical grade mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Specifically, for example, excipients include, but are not limited to, anti-adherents, antioxidants, binders, coatings, compression aids, disintegrants, dyes (pigments), demulcents, emulsifiers, fillers (diluents), film formers or coatings, flavorings, fragrances, glidants (flow enhancers), lubricants, preservatives, printing inks, adsorbents, suspending agents or dispersing agents, sweeteners, and hydration water. More specifically, excipients include, but are not limited to, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium stearate, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose sodium, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, citric acid, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cysteine, ethylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, lactose, magnesium stearate, maltitol, mannitol, methionine, methylcellulose, methylparaben, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, povidone, pregelatinized starch, phenylparaben, retinyl palmitate, shellac, silicon dioxide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium citrate, sodium starch glycolate, sorbitol, starch (corn), stearic acid, sucrose, talc, titanium dioxide, vitamin A, vitamin E (α-tocopherol), vitamin C, and xylitol. In the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition can act systemically and / or locally. For this purpose, they can be administered by suitable routes, for example, by injection (such as intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular injection, including instillation) or transdermal administration; or by oral, buccal, nasal, transmucosal, local, in the form of ophthalmic preparations or by inhalation administration. For these routes of administration, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered in suitable dosage forms. The dosage forms include but are not limited to tablets, capsules, lozenges, hard candies, powders, sprays, creams, ointments, suppositories, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, aqueous suspensions, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups. In the present invention, a "vaccine" is a preventive or therapeutic material that provides at least one antigen or antigenic function. The antigen or antigenic function can stimulate the body's adaptive immune system to provide an adaptive immune response. In the present invention, "treatment" refers to the treatment and care of a patient in order to resist a disease, disorder or condition, and is intended to include delaying the progression of the disease, disorder or condition, alleviating or relieving symptoms and complications, and / or curing or eliminating the disease, disorder or condition. The patient to be treated is preferably a mammal, especially a human. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention is as follows: 1. A cationic lipid, characterized in that the structure is as shown in the general formula (1): Among them, R a , R b , R c , R d Each independently is C 1-3 Alkyl; or R a , R b Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, or R c , R d Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; M is O, S or NH; L d is a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group; X is N or CR m , the R m H or C 1-12 alkyl; L A -B3-L3-B1-L1-R1, L B -B4-L4-B2-L2-R2; wherein L1, L2, L3, L4 are each independently a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group L; B1, B2, B3, B4 are each independently a connecting bond or C 1-20 Alkylene; R1, R2 are each independently C1-30 Hydrocarbon or C containing 1-4 -O- 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, deuterated substance or solvate thereof. 1.1.M In the present invention, M is O, S or NH. 1.2.X In the present invention, X is N or CR m , where R m H or C 1-12 alkyl. 1.3.L d In the present invention, L d It is a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, L d is the connecting bond, -(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t Z-, -(CH2) t Z(CH2) t - and -(CH2) t Z(CH2) t any one of: Z-, wherein t is independently an integer of 1-12 at each occurrence, and Z is independently -C(=O)-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)O-, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)S-, -SC(=O)-, -NRC(=O)-, -C(=O)NR g 、-NR g C(=O)NR g -、-OC(=O)NR g -、-NR g C(=O)O-, -SC(=O)NR g -and-NR g C(=O)S-, wherein R g Each occurrence is independently H or C 1-12 Alkyl; L d Preferably, the linker, -(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t O-, -(CH2) t C(=O)-、-(CH2) t C(=O)O-、-(CH2) t OC(=O)-、-(CH2) t C(=O)NH-、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)-、-(CH2)t OC(=O)O-、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)O-、-(CH2) t OC(=O)NH-、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)NH-、-(CH2) t O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t C(=O)(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t C(=O)O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t OC(=O)(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t C(=O)NH(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t OC(=O)O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t OC(=O)NH(CH2) t - and -(CH2) t NHC(=O)NH(CH2) t - any one; most preferably a connecting bond or -(CH2) t -. 1.4.L1, L2, L3, L4 In the present invention, L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently a linking bond or a divalent linking group. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently a linking bond or a divalent linking group L, and each occurrence of L is independently -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)O-, -C(=O)-, -O-, -NH-, -O(CR g R g ) s O-, -S-, -C(=O)S-, -SC(=O)-, -NR g C(=O)-, -C(=O)NR g -、 -NR g C(=O)NR g -、-OC(=O)NR g -、-NR gC(=O)O-, -SC(=O)NR g -、-NR g C(=O)S-, -C(=S)-, -OC(=S)-, -C(=S)O-, -OC(=S)O-, -NR g C(=S)-、-C(=S)NR g -、-NR g C(=S)NR g -、-OC(=S)NR g -and-NR g C(=S)O-, wherein R g Each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-12 Alkyl, s is 2, 3 or 4; preferably L1, L2, L3, L4 are any of the following: Case (1): L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently L; Case (2): any one of L1, L2, L3 and L4 is a connecting bond, and the other three are each independently L; preferably L3 is a connecting bond, and L1, L2 and L4 are each independently L; Case (3): Any two of L1, L2, L3 and L4 are connecting bonds, and the other two are each independently L; preferably, L3 and L4 are connecting bonds, and L1 and L2 are each independently L; Case (4): any three of L1, L2, L3, and L4 are connecting bonds, and the other one is L; Case (5): L1, L2, L3, and L4 are all connecting bonds; In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is more preferred that L1, L2, L3, and L4 are selected from any one of the aforementioned situations (1) to (3). In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is most preferred that L1, L2, L3, and L4 are any of the following: Case (a): L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently any one of -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -OC(=O)O-, and -NHC(=O)O-; Case (b): L3 is a connecting bond, and L1, L2, and L4 are each independently any one of -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -OC(=O)O-, and -NHC(=O)O-; Case (c): L3 and L4 are connecting bonds, and L1 and L2 are each independently any one of -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -OC(=O)O-, and -NHC(=O)O-. 1.5.B1, B2, B3, B4 In the present invention, B1, B2, B3, and B4 are each independently a connecting bond or C 1-20 Alkylene. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, B1, B2, B3, B4 are preferably any one of the following situations: Case (1): B1, B2, B3, B4 are each independently C 1-20 Alkylene, more preferably C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (2): One of B1, B2, B3, B4 is a connecting bond, and the other three are C 1-10 Preferably B3 is a connecting bond, B1, B2, B4 are each independently C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (3): Any two of B1, B2, B3, and B4 are connecting bonds, and the other two are C 1-10 Preferably B3, B4 is a connecting bond, B1, B2 are each independently C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (4): Any three of B1, B2, B3, and B4 are connecting bonds, and the other one is C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (5): B1, B2, B3, and B4 are all connecting bonds. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is more preferred that B1, B2, B3, and B4 are selected from any one of the aforementioned situations (1) to (3); wherein the aforementioned C 1-10 The alkylene group is preferably any one of a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, and an octylene group. 1.6.R1, R2 In the present invention, R1 and R2 are each independently C 1-30 Hydrocarbon or C containing 1-4 -O- 1-30 Hydrocarbon derivative residues. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, R1 and R2 are preferably selected from any of the following situations: Case (1): R1 and R2 are both C 1-30 Hydrocarbon; Case (2): R1 and R2 are both C 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; Case (3): One of R1 and R2 is C 1-30 hydrocarbon group, and the other is C 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; The C 1-30 The hydrocarbon derivative residue is Wherein, tn is independently an integer from 0 to 12 each time it appears; R e , R f Each independently is C 1-15 Alkyl, C 2-15 Alkenyl and C 2-15 Any of the alkynyl groups. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably the aforementioned C 1-30 The hydrocarbon group is C 1-30 Straight chain hydrocarbon or C 1-30 Branched hydrocarbon group. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the C 1-30 The straight chain hydrocarbon group is selected from C 1-30 Straight chain alkyl, C 2-30 Straight chain alkenyl, C 2-30 Any of the straight chain alkynyl groups; preferably C 1-25 Straight chain alkyl, C 2-25 Straight chain alkenyl or C 2-25 Straight chain alkynyl; more preferably C 2-25 Straight chain alkenyl; In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the C 1-30 The branched hydrocarbon group is selected from C 1-30 Branched alkyl, C 2-30 Branched alkenyl, C 2-30 Any of the branched alkynyl groups, each independently represented by Wherein, tm is an integer from 0 to 12; R e , R f Each independently is C 1-15 Alkyl, C 2-15 Alkenyl and C 2-15 Any of the alkynyl groups; the C 1-30 The branched hydrocarbon group is preferably selected from any one of the following structures: In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the Preferably Any one of; further, the Preferably any one of the following structures: 1.7.L A , L B In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the L A -B3-L3-B1-L1-R1, LB -B4-L4-B2-L2-R2, L A , L B Each is independently selected from any one of the following structures: wherein g is independently an integer of 1-10 each time it occurs, more preferably 1, 2 or 3. 1.8.R a , R b , R c , R d In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the R a , R b The same, is methyl or ethyl, the R c , R d The same is methyl or ethyl. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the R a , R b Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, R c , R d Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is connected, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, wherein the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group is In a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably R a , R b , R c , R d All are methyl. 1.9. Examples of general structural formulas In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups satisfies the following general formula (1-A) or (1-B): Preferably, the structure of the cationic lipid satisfies the general formula (2-1) or (2-2): More preferably, the structure of the cationic lipid satisfies any one of the following general formulas: In formula (3-1) to formula (3-30), B1, B2, B3, and B4 are not connecting bonds; more preferably, B1, B2, B3, and B4 are each independently C 1-10 Alkylene. 1.10. Specific structural examples In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the cationic lipid is selected from any one of the following structures: Or the structure of the cationic lipid is any one of the following structures: 2. Preparation of Cationic Lipids 2.1. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation process of the cationic lipid represented by formula (1) is as follows: The intermediates / raw materials involved in the preparation process of the cationic lipid of the present invention include but are not limited to LYS0, LYS-C, IM-C', IM-C and IM-N. The preparation process of the cationic lipid of the present invention involves an initial raw material LYS0 containing a lysine core and a reactive group F0; wherein F0 is protected or unprotected -COOH. In the present invention, LYS0 is selected from any one of the following structures: The preparation process of the cationic lipid of the present invention may involve a small molecule intermediate IM-C' containing three identical or different reactive groups, the structure of which is shown as Among them, F q is a protected or unprotected group that can react with F0 in LYS0, selected from any one of -OH, -NH2, and -SH; the functional group pair F1 and F2 are selected from any one of -OH, -NH2, and -COOH, and the definitions of the remaining symbols are consistent with those described in the general formula (1). IM-C' can be purchased or synthesized independently. In the present invention, IM-C' is selected from any one of the following structures: The preparation process of the cationic lipid of the present invention may involve a small molecule intermediate IM-N containing a fatty tail chain with a reactive group, the structure of which is represented by F3-B1-L1-R1 or F4-B2-L2-R2, wherein F3 and F4 are reactive groups that can react with F1 and F2 in the aforementioned IM-C', preferably -OH, -COOH, -NH2, -COCl, -Cl or -Br, and the definitions of the remaining symbols are consistent with those described in the general formula (1). IM-N can be purchased or obtained by independent synthesis, and the independent synthesis is preferably obtained by simple esterification, amidation, alkylation, addition or substitution, etc., in a single step or step reaction. For example, in Example 5, S5-1 With S5-2 The small molecule intermediate IM-N can be obtained by condensation reaction and then removing the tBu protecting group. In the present invention, the structure of IM-N is any one of F3-B1-L1-R1, F3-B1-R1, F3-R1, F4-B2-L2-R2, F4-B2-R2, and F4-R2, wherein L1, L2, B3, and B4 are not connecting bonds. Specifically, IM-N is selected from any one of the following structures: The preparation process of the cationic lipid of the present invention may involve an intermediate LYS-C containing a lysine core and two reactive groups, the structure of which can be represented as Wherein, the functional group pair F1, F2 is selected from any one of -OH, -NH2, -COOH; the definitions of the remaining symbols are consistent with those described in the general formula (1). LYS-C can be obtained by a single step or stepwise reaction of LYS0 and IM-C'. For example, in method 2 of Example 25, S25-5 With S1-3 The LYS-C intermediate can be obtained by condensation reaction and removal of the TBS protecting group. In the present invention, LYS-C is selected from any one of the following structures: The cationic lipid preparation process of the present invention may involve an intermediate IM-C containing one reactive group and two fatty tail chains, the structure of which can be represented as follows: Among them, F qis a protected or unprotected group that can react with F0 in LYS0, selected from any one of -OH, -NH2, and -SH; the definitions of the remaining symbols are consistent with those in the general formula (1). IM-C can be purchased or synthesized independently. Specifically, IM-C can be obtained by a single-step or step-by-step reaction of IM-N and IM-C'. For example, in Example 2, S2-1 With S2-2 The IM-C intermediate can be obtained by condensation reaction. It can also be obtained by the addition reaction of the intermediate IM-N with the help of a Grignard reagent. For example, in Example 1, S1-1 Under the action of magnesium metal, S1-2 is obtained. In the present invention, IM-C is selected from any one of the following structures: In the present invention, the cationic lipid can be prepared by reacting any of the aforementioned LYS0 with any of the aforementioned IM-C' to obtain LYS-C, and then reacting it with two identical or different IM-Ns in a single step or in a step-by-step manner to obtain the cationic lipid; or by reacting any of the aforementioned IM-C' with two identical or different IM-Ns to obtain IM-C, and then reacting it with LYS0 It can also be obtained by reacting two IM-Ns to obtain IM-C, which is then reacted with LYS0 to obtain it. 2.2. Description of relevant raw materials and / or steps in the preparation process 2.2.1. "Protection" and "deprotection" of related groups involved in the reaction process In the present invention, the reaction process also involves the "protection" and "deprotection" processes of related groups. In order to prevent the functional group from affecting the reaction, the functional group is usually protected. In addition, when there are more than two functional groups, only the target functional group is selectively reacted, so the other functional groups are protected. The protecting group not only stably protects the functional group as the object, but also needs to be easily removed as needed. Therefore, in organic synthesis, it is important to deprotect only the protecting group bonded to the specified functional group under appropriate conditions. In the present invention, the definitions of "carboxyl protecting group" and "amino protecting group" are consistent with those in the "Term Description" section and will not be repeated here. In the present invention, the hydroxyl group protected by the hydroxyl protecting group is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, an alcoholic hydroxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, etc. Among them, the amino group protected by the amino protecting group is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a hydrazine, an amide, etc. In the present invention, the amino group is not particularly limited, and includes, but is not limited to, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, and a quaternary ammonium ion. In the present invention, the deprotection of the protected hydroxyl group is related to the type of the hydroxyl protecting group. The type of the hydroxyl protecting group is not particularly limited. Taking the protection of the terminal hydroxyl group by silyl ether and tert-butyl as an example, the corresponding deprotection methods are: A: Deprotection of silyl ether protecting groups Compounds used for this type of hydroxyl protection include trimethylsilyl ether, triethylsilyl ether, dimethyl tert-butylsilyl ether, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ether, etc. The deprotection of this type of silyl ether is carried out by a fluorine-containing compound, preferably tetrabutylammonium fluoride, tetraethylammonium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, potassium fluoride, and more preferably tetrabutylammonium fluoride and potassium fluoride. The amount of the fluorine-containing reagent is 5 to 20 times the molar equivalent of the protected hydroxyl group, preferably 8 to 15 times the initiator. If the amount of fluorine-containing reagent is less than 5 times the molar equivalent of the protected hydroxyl group, incomplete deprotection will result; when the amount of the deprotection reagent is greater than 20 times the molar equivalent of the protected hydroxyl group, the excess reagent or compound will cause trouble for purification and may be mixed into the subsequent steps, thereby causing side reactions. There is no particular restriction on the reaction solvent, as long as it can dissolve the reactants and products, preferably a non-protonic solvent, more preferably tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane. The reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 30°C. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, the reaction rate is slow and the protecting group cannot be completely removed. B: Deprotection of tert-butyl protecting group The deprotection of the tert-butyl group is carried out under acidic conditions, and the solution pH is preferably 0 to 4. The acid is not particularly limited, but is preferably acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and more preferably hydrochloric acid. The reaction solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the reactants and products, and is preferably water. The reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 30°C. In the present invention, the raw materials used in each preparation method can be purchased or synthesized by oneself. The intermediates and final products prepared in the present invention can be purified by purification methods including but not limited to extraction, recrystallization, adsorption treatment, precipitation, reverse precipitation, thin film dialysis or supercritical extraction. The structure and molecular weight of the final product can be characterized by characterization methods including but not limited to nuclear magnetic resonance, electrophoresis, UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR, AFM, GPC, HPLC, MALDI-TOF, circular dichroism, mass spectrometry, etc. 3. Lipid composition, preparation of lipid composition, lipid pharmaceutical composition, lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation 3.1. Lipid composition In the present invention, a lipid composition comprises any of the cationic lipids described above, such as the cationic lipid represented by the general formula (1). In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lipid composition preferably contains, in addition to the cationic lipid having a structure as shown in the general formula (1), one or more of a phospholipid, a steroid lipid and a pegylated lipid, selected from any one of the following situations: Case (1): also contains phospholipids; Case (2): also contains steroid lipids; Case (3): also contains PEGylated lipids; Case (4): also contains phospholipids and steroid lipids; Case (5): also contains phospholipids and PEGylated lipids; Case (6): also contains steroid lipids and PEGylated lipids; Case (7): also contains phospholipids, steroid lipids and PEGylated lipids; More preferably, the composition contains three lipids, namely, phospholipids, steroid lipids and PEGylated lipids. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phospholipids in the lipid composition are preferably 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-diundecanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DUPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0Diether PC), 1-oleoyl-2-cholesteryl hemisuccinyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OChemsPC), 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C16 Lyso PC), 1,2-dialinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (ME 16.0PE), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG), dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) , palmitoyloleylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPE), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), dimyristoylphosphoethanolamine (DMPE), 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-stearoylethanolamine (SOPE), 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (SOPC), sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, palmitoyloleylphosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and combinations thereof. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the steroid lipid in the lipid composition is preferably any one of cholesterol, coprosterol, sitosterol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, tomatidine, ursolic acid, α-tocopherol and a combination thereof. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the PEGylated lipid in the lipid composition is preferably polyethylene glycol-1,2-dimyristyl glyceryl (PEG-DMG), polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE), PEG-cholesterol, polyethylene glycol-diacylglycerol (PEG-DAG), polyethylene glycol-dialkoxypropyl (PEG-DAA), specifically including polyethylene glycol 500-dipalmitoyl Any one of polyethylene glycol 2000-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, polyethylene glycol 500-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 500-1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 2000-1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and polyethylene glycol 2000-2,3-dimyristoylglycerol (PEG-DMG) and combinations thereof. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the PEGylated lipid in the lipid composition is preferably selected from any one of the following structures and a combination thereof: Among them, n1 is an integer of 25-300, and more preferably n1 is any one of 44, 45, 46, 47, and 48. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that any of the aforementioned lipid compositions contain 20-80% of a cationic lipid containing two tertiary amine groups as shown in formula (1), 5-15% of a phospholipid, 25-55% of a steroid lipid and 0.5-10% of a pegylated lipid, wherein the percentages are the molar percentages of each lipid in the total lipids. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in any of the aforementioned lipid compositions, the molar percentage of cationic lipids to total lipids is preferably 30-65%; more preferably about 35%, 40%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, Either 50%, 55%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably in any of the aforementioned lipid compositions, the molar percentage of phospholipids to total lipids is about 7.5-13%; more preferably, about 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that in any of the aforementioned lipid compositions, the molar percentage of steroid lipids in the total lipids is 35-50%, more preferably about 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, or 50%. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in any of the aforementioned lipid compositions, the molar percentage of PEGylated lipids in the total lipids is preferably 0.5-5%; preferably 1-3%; more preferably about 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%. 3.2. Preparation of lipid composition In the present invention, the lipid composition can be prepared by the following methods, including but not limited to ethanol injection method, microfluidics method, T-tube mixing method, membrane extrusion method, preferably ethanol injection method and microfluidics method. 4. Lipid drug compositions and preparations thereof 4.1. Lipid pharmaceutical compositions In one embodiment of the present invention, a lipid pharmaceutical composition comprises any of the lipid compositions described above and a drug, wherein the lipid composition comprises any of the cationic lipids containing two tertiary amine groups as shown in the general formula (1) described above, and the drug is selected from any of nucleic acid drugs, gene vaccines, anti-tumor drugs, small molecule drugs, polypeptide drugs or protein drugs. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the lipid pharmaceutical composition, the nucleic acid drug is selected from any one of RNA, DNA, antisense nucleic acid, plasmid, interfering nucleic acid, aptamer, antagomir and ribozyme, and the RNA is selected from any one of mRNA, saRNA, circRNA, miRNA and siRNA; preferably, the nucleic acid drug is any one of DNA, mRNA, miRNA and siRNA. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lipid pharmaceutical composition is preferably used as a drug selected from any one of the following drugs: anti-tumor agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents and vaccines. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the N / P ratio of the lipid composition to the nucleic acid is preferably (0.1-100):1, more preferably (0.2-30):1, and most preferably (0.5-20):1. 4.2. Lipid Pharmaceutical Composition Preparation In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the drug in the lipid pharmaceutical composition is a nucleic acid drug, and the working solution of the lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation is deionized water, ultrapure water, phosphate buffer or normal saline, more preferably phosphate buffer or normal saline, most preferably normal saline; preferably lipid composition: working solution = (0.05-20) g: 100 mL, more preferably (0.1-10) g: 100 mL, most preferably (0.2-5) g: 100 mL. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation contains the aforementioned lipid pharmaceutical composition and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or excipient, wherein the diluent or excipient is preferably any one of deionized water, ultrapure water, phosphate buffer and normal saline, more preferably phosphate buffer or normal saline, and most preferably normal saline. In the present invention, the preparation of the lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation comprises the following steps: (1) balancing the lipid composition in the diluent or excipient; (2) adding the nucleic acid drug to the balanced mixture of the lipid composition and the diluent or excipient for compounding; Among them, preferably, the equilibration time is 0.1 to 12 h, preferably 0.2 to 6 h, more preferably 0.5 to 3 h; preferably, the recombination time is 0.1 to 12 h, preferably 0.2 to 5 h, more preferably 0.5 to 2 h. 5. Liposomes or lipid nanoparticles and their preparation 5.1. Liposomes or lipid nanoparticles In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a liposome or lipid nanoparticle contains any of the above Lipid composition. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned lipid nanoparticles are preferably LNP-pharmaceutical compositions, LPP-pharmaceutical compositions or PNP-pharmaceutical compositions; preferably LNP-pharmaceutical compositions; more preferably LNP-nucleic acid pharmaceutical compositions; more preferably LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical compositions. 5.2. Preparation of liposomes or lipid nanoparticles In a specific embodiment of the present invention, liposomes containing the cationic lipid represented by formula (1) can be prepared by the following methods, including but not limited to thin film dispersion method, ultrasonic dispersion method, reverse phase evaporation method, freeze drying method, freeze-thawing method, emulsion method and injection method, preferably thin film dispersion method, ultrasonic dispersion method and / or reverse phase evaporation method. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, lipid nanoparticles can be prepared by the following methods, including but not limited to microemulsion method, double emulsion method, high shear homogenization ultrasound method, thin film hydration extrusion method, and microfluidics method. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the liposomes are prepared by a thin film dispersion method, which comprises the following steps: (1) Weighing cationic lipids, steroid lipids, phospholipids and pegylated lipids, dissolving them in an organic solvent, shaking them well, removing the organic solvent by vacuum rotary evaporation to form an oil film, and removing the organic solvent by vacuum pumping; (2) adding phosphate buffer containing a cryoprotectant and performing water bath sonication to form a translucent emulsion; (3) adding the emulsion to a high-pressure homogenizer for over-pressurization, and then adding the over-pressurized emulsion to a liposome extruder for membrane extrusion to form liposomes; (4) optionally, drying the liposomes in a freeze dryer to form liposome powder; Wherein, preferably, the organic solvent is dichloromethane, chloroform and / or methanol, more preferably chloroform and methanol; preferably, the rotation speed of the vacuum rotary evaporation is 30 to 300 rpm, more preferably 50 to 200 rpm, most preferably 100 to 170 rpm; preferably, the temperature of the vacuum rotary evaporation is 10 to 200° C., more preferably 20 to 100° C., most preferably 40 to 80° C.; Preferably, the vacuum pump draining time is 1 to 72 hours, more preferably 5 to 48 hours, and most preferably 15 to 36 hours; Preferably, the mass concentration of the cryoprotectant dissolved in phosphate buffer is 0.1-80%, preferably 1-50%, more preferably 5-20%; Preferably, the frequency of the water bath ultrasound is 10 to 300 kHz, more preferably 30 to 200 kHz, and most preferably 60 to 150 kHz; Preferably, the water bath ultrasound time is 0.1 to 5 h, more preferably 0.2 to 2 h, most preferably 0.25 to 1 h; Preferably, the pressure of the high-pressure homogenizer is 50 to 240 MPa, more preferably 80 to 200 MPa, and most preferably 100 to 150 MPa; Preferably, the number of overpressures of the high-pressure homogenizer is any integer between 1 and 50, more preferably any integer between 3 and 20, and most preferably any integer between 5 and 10; Preferably, the pressure of the liposome extruder is 50 to 300 MPa, more preferably 80 to 250 MPa, most preferably 120 to 200 MPa; Preferably, the number of membrane passes of the liposome extruder is any integer between 1 and 50, more preferably any integer between 3 and 30, and most preferably any integer between 5 and 20; Preferably, the drying time of the freeze dryer is 1 to 120 hours, more preferably 5 to 72 hours, and most preferably 10 to 36 hours. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for preparing liposomes, the ratio of liposomes: phosphate buffer dissolved with a cryoprotectant can be 1 mg: (0.1-100) mL, preferably 1 mg: (0.3-50) mL, and more preferably 1 mg: (0.5-5) mL. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the lipid nanoparticles containing the cationic lipid represented by formula (1) are preferably prepared by a microfluidic method, the steps of which are as follows: (1) dissolving each lipid component in an organic solvent to obtain a lipid composition dissolved in an organic phase; the organic phase Preferably ethanol; (2) adding the nucleic acid drug to a buffer to obtain an aqueous solution; the aqueous solution is preferably a citrate buffer or a sodium acetate buffer; (3) The organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution are mixed by a microfluidic device to form a lipid nanoparticle composition, and then purified by ultrafiltration or the like to remove the organic solvent and free nucleic acid molecules. The following is a further description of the preparation methods of cationic lipids, lipid compositions, lipid pharmaceutical composition preparations, and the biological activity test of lipid pharmaceutical compositions in conjunction with some specific examples. The specific examples are to further illustrate the present invention in detail, but do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Among them, in the examples of preparing cationic lipids, the final product is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and the molecular weight is confirmed by mass spectrometry. Example 1: Cationic lipid E1-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Freshly activated magnesium particles (0.33 g, 13.8 mmol) and 2 mL of anhydrous ether were added to a clean round-bottom flask. The bromide 18-bromooctadecane-6,9-diene (S1-1, 3.64 g, 11.1 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous ether (10 mL) and added to a dropping funnel. The bromide ether solution was added dropwise to the magnesium particles under ice bath conditions. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was reacted at 35°C for 1 hour and then cooled in an ice bath. Ethyl formate (0.37 g, 5.0 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous ether (8 mL) and added to the dropping funnel and added to the reaction mixture under stirring. An exothermic reaction was observed and the reaction mixture began to reflux. After the reaction was initiated, the remaining ether solution of the formate was quickly added in a stream and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 1 hour. Then 5 mL of acetone was added dropwise and ice water (10 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was treated with aqueous H2SO4 (10% volume, 50 mL) until the solution became homogeneous and allowed to stand for separation. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether (20 mL*2), and the combined ether layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated to obtain a crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to give compound S1-2 (2.05 g). Step b: Under a nitrogen atmosphere, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S1-2 (1.27 g, 2.4 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), aminodiamined lysine (S1-3, 0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP, 61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol), and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E1-1 (1.22 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.41-5.29(m,8H,-CH=CH-),4.87(t,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),3.14(t,1H,- CHN(CH3)2),2.81-2.66(m,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,2H; -CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,4H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN( CH3)2),2.25(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.09-1.98(m,8H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-),1.65-1.55(m,4H,- CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.47-1.19(m,42H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.87(t,6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=713.23([M+H] + ). Example 2: Cationic lipid E2-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Glycerol (S2-1, 0.37 g, 4.0 mmol) was adsorbed on the same weight of silica gel by vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, and then linoleic acid (S2-2, 2.24 g, 8.0 mmol), immobilized lipase R.miehei (0.15 g) and molecular sieve (0.44 g) were added to the preparation in sequence, and the mixture was added to diethyl ether (30 mL), stirred at room temperature for 48 h, and the reaction was continuously monitored by TLC analysis. After the reaction was completed, the lipase and silica gel were separated by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was recrystallized in methanol to obtain the target compound S2-3 (2.00 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S2-3 (1.48 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E2-1 (1.37 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.41-5.26(m,9H;-CH=CH-,8H;-C(=O)OCH<,1H),4.36-4.28(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.17 -4.10(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.15(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-, 4H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.25(m,10H;-OC(=O)CH2-,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.08-1.97(m,8H,-CH2CH2CH= CH-),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.49-1.19(m,34H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.86(t,6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=801.67([M+H] + ). Example 3: Cationic lipid E3-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Pyridinium toluenesulfonate (PPTS, 0.20 g, 0.8 mmol) was dissolved in toluene at room temperature, and then 4,4-diethoxybutyronitrile (S3-2, 2.36 g, 15.0 mmol) and n-octanol (S3-1, 5.85 g, 45.0 mmol) were added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture was reacted at 135° C. for 20 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, extracted, dried, and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S3-3 (2.05 g). Step b: S3-3 (1.63 g, 5.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (20 mL), and then potassium hydroxide (KOH, 0.70 g, 12.5 mmol) aqueous solution was added dropwise to the mixture, and the reaction mixture was reacted at 110° C. for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, pH=5 was adjusted by adding 1M HCl, and extracted twice with hexane (10 mL*2), the organic layers were combined, the combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the target compound S3-4 (1.67 g, 95%). Step c: S2-1 (0.37 g, 4.0 mmol) was adsorbed on the same weight of silica gel by vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, and then S3-4 (2.75 g, 8.0 mmol), immobilized lipase R.miehei (0.19 g) and molecular sieve (0.53 g) were added to the preparation in sequence, and the mixture was added to diethyl ether (30 mL), stirred at room temperature for 48 h, and the reaction was continuously monitored by TLC analysis. After the reaction was completed, the lipase and silica gel were separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was recrystallized from methanol to obtain the target compound S3-5 (2.35 g). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S3-5 (1.79 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E3-1 (1.57 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.29-5.26(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.63(t,2H,>CH(OCH2)2-),4.36-4.28(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2- ),4.17-4.11(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.53-3.14(m,9H;>CH(OCH2)2-,8H;-CHN(CH3)2,1H),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N (CH3)2),2.58(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.35-2.25(m,10H;-OC(=O)CH2-,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.02-1.82(m,4H,-CH2CH(OC H2)2-),1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.48-1.19(m,50H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=928.77([M+H] + ). Example 4: Cationic lipid E4-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Glycerol (S4-1, 1.65 g, 8.0 mmol) containing one TBS-protected hydroxyl group was dissolved in DMF (120 mL) at room temperature, and then S2-2 (4.61 g, 16.5 mmol), DMAP (0.20 g, 1.6 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 2.48 g, 19.2 mmol) were added in sequence, and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI, 3.69 g, 19.2 mmol) was added three times within 15 minutes, and DMF (1 mL) was added at the same time, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with water, 1M HCI and 5% sodium bicarbonate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain the target compound monoglyceride S4-2 (2.36 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (1.81 g, 8.8 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S4-2 (2.25 g, 4.8 mmol), S3-4 (1.38 g, 4.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S4-3 (2.69 g). Step c: The above product S4-3 (2.39 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 mL), and TBAF (30 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was continued overnight to remove TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S4-4 (1.80 g, 87.9%). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S4-4 (1.63 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E4-1 (1.46 g). 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.42-5.26(m,5H; -CH=CH-,4H; -C(=O)OCH<,1H),4.62(t,1H,>CH(OCH2)2-),4.36-4.28 (dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.17-4.10(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.52-3.13(m,5H;>CH(OCH2)2-,4H;-C HN(CH3)2,1H),2.80-2.66(m,4H; -CH2N(CH3)2,2H; -CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2. 25(m,10H;-OC(=O)CH2-,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.11-1.82(m,6H;-CH2CH2CH=CH-,4H;-CH2CH(OCH2)2-,2H),1 .65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.48-1.20(m,42H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=864.72([M+H] + ). Example 5: Cationic lipid E5-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (2.72 g, 13.2 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing 7-(tert-butoxy)-7-oxoheptanoic acid (S5-2, 1.30 g, 6.0 mmol), S5-1 (1.87 g, 7.2 mmol, S5-1 is obtained by reacting a TBS-protected hydroxyl group of glycerol with bromohexane and removing TBS protection) and DMAP (0.18 g, 1.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, the precipitate is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v) is prepared, and the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product is slowly added dropwise under ice bath conditions, and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated, purified water was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was recrystallized to obtain compound S5-3 (1.93 g). Step b: S2-1 (0.18 g, 2.0 mmol) was adsorbed on the same weight of silica gel by vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, and then S5-3 (1.61 g, 4.0 mmol), immobilized lipase R.miehei (0.11 g) and molecular sieve (0.30 g) were added to the preparation in sequence, and the mixture was added to diethyl ether (30 mL), stirred at room temperature for 48 h, and the reaction was continuously monitored by TLC analysis. After the reaction was completed, the lipase and silica gel were separated by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was recrystallized in methanol to obtain the target compound S5-4 (1.38 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S5-4 (1.03 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E5-1 (0.87 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.28-5.27(m,1H,>CHC(=O)OCH<),5.17-5.01(m,2H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),4.36-4.28(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC( =O))2-),4.17-4.10(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.59-3.52(m,8H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.37(m,8H;>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3. 14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.26(m,14H;-OC(=O)CH2-,8H;-CH2 N(CH3)2,6H),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.48-1.21(m,46H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.90(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=1044.78([M+H] + ). Example 6: Cationic lipid E6-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (1.81 g, 8.8 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S4-2 (2.25 g, 4.8 mmol), S5-3 (1.61 g, 4.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S6-1 (2.86 g). Step b: The above product S6-1 (2.56 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 mL), and TBAF (30 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S6-2 (1.96 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S6-2 (1.77 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E6-1 (1.58 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.42-5.27(m,5H;-CH=CH-,4H;>CHC(=O)OCH<,1H),5.17-5.03(m,1H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),4.36-4.29(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O ))2-),4.17-4.10(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.58-3.52(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.38(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2 ),2.80-2.67(m,4H; -CH2N(CH3)2,2H; -CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.25(m,12H; -OC(=O)CH2-,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2 .08-1.98(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-),1.65-1.56(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.49-1.20(m,40H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.86(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=922.72([M+H] + ). Example 7: Cationic lipid E7-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (3.63 g, 17.6 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S7-2 (2.05 g, 8.0 mmol), S7-1 (1.80 g, 9.6 mmol) and DMAP (0.24 g, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S7-3 (2.92 g). Step b: Removal of tBu protecting group. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add a dichloromethane solution of S7-3 (2.14 g, 5.0 mmol) under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, add purified water, extract with dichloromethane, dry the extract with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and recrystallize to obtain compound S7-4 (1.71 g, 92.1%). Step c: S2-1 (0.18 g, 2.0 mmol) was adsorbed on the same weight of silica gel by vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, and then S7-4 (1.48 g, 4.0 mmol), immobilized lipase R.miehei (0.10 g) and molecular sieve (0.28 g) were added to the preparation in sequence, and the mixture was added to diethyl ether (30 mL), stirred at room temperature for 48 h, and the reaction was continuously monitored by TLC analysis. After the reaction was completed, the lipase and silica gel were separated by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was recrystallized in methanol to obtain the target compound S7-5 (1.28 g). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S7-5 (0.96 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (1.03 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E7-1 (0.82 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.29-5.25(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.37-4.28(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.18-4.10(dd ,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.02(t,4H,-CH2OC(=O)CH<),3.14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH 3)2),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.35-2.25(m,12H;-OC(=O)CH2-,4H;-CH2OC(=O)CH<,2H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),1 .65-1.57(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.48-1.19(m,62H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=980.80([M+H] + ). Example 8: Cationic lipid E8-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (1.81 g, 8.8 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S4-2 (2.25 g, 4.8 mmol), S7-4 (1.48 g, 4.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S8-1 (2.76 g). Step b: The above product S8-1 (2.56 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 mL), and TBAF (30 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted glycerol Diester S8-2 (1.86 g, 87.8%). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S8-2 (1.70 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E8-1 (1.50 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.42-5.29(m,5H,-CH=CH-,4H;>CHC(=O)OCH<,1H),4.36-4.28(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.17-4.10(dd, 2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.01(t,2H,-CH2OC(=O)CH<),3.15(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH =CH-,2H),2.58(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.25(m,11H;-OC(=O)CH2-,4H;-CH2OC(=O)CH<,1H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.08-1.96(m,4H ,-CH2CH2CH=CH-),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.41-1.21(m,48H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.86(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=890.73([M+H] + ). Example 9: Cationic lipid E9-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (2.72 g, 13.2 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S5-2 (1.30 g, 6.0 mmol), S9-1 (1.85 g, 7.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.18 g, 1.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, add purified water, extract with dichloromethane, dry the extract with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and recrystallize the crude product to obtain compound S9-2 (1.95 g). Step b: S2-1 (0.18 g, 2.0 mmol) was adsorbed on the same weight of silica gel by vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, and then S9-2 (1.60 g, 4.0 mmol), immobilized lipase R.miehei (0.11 g) and molecular sieve (0.30 g) were added to the preparation in sequence, and the mixture was added to diethyl ether (30 mL), stirred at room temperature for 48 h, and the reaction was continuously monitored by TLC analysis. After the reaction was completed, the lipase and silica gel were separated by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was recrystallized in methanol to obtain the target compound S9-3 (1.36 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S9-3 (1.02 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E9-1 (0.87 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.37-5.31(m,1H,>CHC(=O)OCH<),4.91-4.83(m,2H,-C(=O)OCH(CH2)2-),4.38-4.29(m, 2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.19-4.13(m,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.41-2 .27(m,22H,-CH2N(CH3)2,2H; >CHN(CH3)2,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H; -OC(=O)CH2-,8H),1.72-1.58(m,1 0H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),2H;-C(=O)OCH(CH2)2-,8H),1.56-1.47(m,10H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3 )2),2H;-OC(=O)CH2CH2-,8H),1.33-1.20(m,54H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.89(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=1037.87([M+H] + ). Example 10: Cationic lipid E10-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (1.81 g, 8.8 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S4-2 (2.25 g, 4.8 mmol), S9-2 (1.60 g, 4.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S10-1 (2.84 g). Step b: The above product S10-1 (2.55 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 mL), and TBAF (30 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S10-2 (1.94 g, 88.2%). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S10-2 (1.76 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E10-1 (1.55 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.37-5.27(m,5H;-CH=CH-,4H;>CHC(=O)OCH<,1H),4.91-4.82(m,1H,>CH(CH2CH2)2-),4.38-4.29(dd,2 H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.19-4.13(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H; -CH2N(CH3)2,2H; -CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.58(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.25(m,12H; -OC(=O)CH2-,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.08-1.98(m,4H,-C H2CH2CH=CH-), 1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.41-1.20(m,52H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.87(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=918.76([M+H] + ). Example 11: Cationic lipid E11-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (7.25 g, 35.2 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S7-2 (4.10 g, 16.0 mmol), 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilane)-1-pentanol (S11-1, 2.00 g, 19.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.49 g, 4.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration and concentrate the filtrate. The residue is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), and 30 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M) is added, react overnight, and remove TBS protection. After the reaction is completed, concentrate, extract, combine the organic phases, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product of S11-2, which is further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S11-2 (4.42 g). Step b: 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid (S11-3, 0.79 g, 3.0 mmol) protected by hydroxyTBS was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL), and N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC, 1.86 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and then DMAP (0.55 g, 4.5 mmol) and S11-2 (4.12 g, 12.0 mmol) were added to the solution in sequence. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (30 mL). The resulting solution was washed with water (20 mL*2) and brine (30 mL*1) in sequence, and the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to obtain S11-4 (2.58 g, 94.3%). Step c: The above product S11-4 (1.82 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (20 mL), and TBAF (20 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S11-5 (1.39 g, 87.3%). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S11-5 (0.96 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E11-1 (0.83 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.61-5.51(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.02(t,8H,-C(=O)OCH2-),3.17(t, 1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;>CH(CH2C(=O)O)2-,4H),2.56(s,6H,> CHN(CH3)2),2.33-2.25(m,8H,-CH2OC(=O)CH<,2H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-C H2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.42-1.21(m,62H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=980.80([M+H] + ). Example 12: Cationic lipid E12-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (9.06 g, 44.0 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S5-1 (6.24 g, 24.0 mmol), S12-1 (5.20 g, 20.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.61 g, 5.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain S12-2 (8.56 g). Step b: The above product S12-2 (8.05 g, 16.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (100 mL), and TBAF (100 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S12-3 (5.43 g, 87.3%). Step c: S11-3 (0.79 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL), and DIC (2 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and then DMAP (0.55 g, 4.5 mmol) and S12-3 (4.67 g, 12.0 mmol) were added to the solution in sequence. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL). The resulting solution was washed with water (20 mL*2) and brine (30 mL*1) in sequence, and the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to obtain S12-4 (2.83 g, 93.8%). Step d: The above product S12-4 (2.00 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (20 mL), and TBAF (20 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S12-5 (1.54 g, 86.8%). Step e: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S12-5 (1.07 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E12-1 (0.90 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.62-5.51(m,1H,>CHC(=O)OCH<),5.16-5.02(m,2H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),4.04(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2- ),3.58-3.52(m,8H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.41(m,8H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.16(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.67(m,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,2H;>CH(CH2C(=O)O)2-,4H),2.57(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.33-2.25(m,10H; -CH2C(=O)OCH<,4H; -CH2N(CH3 )2,6H),1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.43-1.20(m,50H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.89(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=1072.81([M+H] + ). Example 13: Cationic lipid E13-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: To a round-bottom flask containing 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-acetic acid (S13-1, 1.44 g, 12.0 mmol) dissolved in toluene, bromohexane (S13-2, 9.90 g, 60.0 mmol), KOH (5.38 g, 96.0 mmol) and triethylenediamine (DABCO, 1.88 mg, 0.016 mmol) were added in sequence, and the mixture was refluxed at 135° C. for 48 h. After the reaction was completed, the reactant was cooled to room temperature, pH=5 was adjusted with dilute HCl, and filtered, the filtrate was concentrated, and the compound S13-3 (2.38 g) was obtained by column chromatography purification. Step b: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (7.25 g, 35.2 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S13-3 (4.61 g, 16.0 mmol), S11-1 (2.00 g, 19.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.49 g, 4.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration and concentrate the filtrate. Dissolve the residue in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), add 30 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M), react overnight, and remove TBS protection. After the reaction is completed, concentrate, extract, combine the organic phases, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product of S13-4, which is further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S13-4 (4.83 g). Step c: S11-3 (0.79 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL), and DIC (2 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and then DMAP (0.55 g, 4.5 mmol) and S13-4 (4.50 g, 12.0 mmol) were added to the solution in sequence. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL). The resulting solution was washed with water (20 mL*2) and brine (30 mL*1) in sequence, and the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to obtain S13-5 (2.75 g, 93.9%). Step d: The above product S13-5 (1.95 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (20 mL), and TBAF (20 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S13-6 (1.50 g, 87%). Step e: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S13-6 (1.03 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E13-1 (0.89 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.62-5.50(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.04(t,8H,-C(=O)OCH2-),3.64-3.57(m,8H,>CH(CH2OC H2)2-),3.48-3.40(m,8H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.95-2.90(m,2H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),2.8 0-2.66(m,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;>CH(CH2C(=O)O)2-,4H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.27(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2), 1.68-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.41-1.21(m,46H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.91(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=1044.78([M+H] + ). Example 14: Cationic lipid E14-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: S11-3 (0.79 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL), and DIC (2 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and then DMAP (0.55 g, 4.5 mmol) and S14-1 (5.17 g, 12.0 mmol, S14-1 was prepared by reacting S3-5 with S11-1, and the specific experimental steps can refer to step a of Example 11) were added to the solution in sequence, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature to react overnight. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was dissolved with DCM (50 mL), and the resulting solution was washed with water (20 mL*2) and brine (30 mL*1) in sequence. The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to obtain S14-2 (3.07 g, 94.1%). Step b: The above product S14-2 (2.18 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (20 mL), and TBAF (20 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S14-3 (1.67 g, 85.9%). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S14-3 (1.17 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E14-1 (0.98 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.62-5.52(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.63(t,2H,>CH(OCH2)2-),4.04(t,8H,-C(=O)OCH2-),3.52-3 .36(m,8H,>CH(OCH2)2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;>CH(CH2C(=O)O)2-,4H),2.56 (s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.32-2.30(m,4H,-OC(=O)CH2CH2-),2.23(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.00-1.82(m,4H,-CH2CH(OCH2 )2-),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.41-1.21(m,62H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.89(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=1156.91([M+H] + ). Example 15: Cationic lipid E15-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: S11-3 (0.79 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (50 mL), and DIC (2 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and then DMAP (0.55 g, 4.5 mmol) and S1-2 (6.35 g, 12.0 mmol) were added to the solution in sequence. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (50 mL). The resulting solution was washed with water (20 mL*2) and brine (30 mL*1) in sequence, and the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to obtain S15-1 (3.62 g, 94.1%). Step b: The above product S15-1 (2.57 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 mL), and TBAF (30 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S15-2 (2.02 g, 86.4%). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S15-1 (1.40 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E15-1 (1.15 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.62-5.51(m,1H,>CHC(=O)OCH<),5.45-5.30(m,16H,-CH=CH-),4.87(t,2H,>CH(CH 2)2-),3.16(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,14H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;>CH(CH2C(=O)O)2-,4H;-CH=CHCH2CH =CH-,8H),2.57(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.23(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.09-1.99(m,16H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-),1.66 -1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.41-1.21(m,82H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.89(t,12H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=1353.23([M+H] + ). Example 16: Cationic lipid E16-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-diol (S16-1, 0.53 g, 5.0 mmol), S2-2 (1.40 g, 5.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.10 g, 0.8 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (20 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.10 g, 0.5 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to obtain S16-2 (1.33 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-2 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol), S5-3 (0.80 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (20 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S16-3 (1.23 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S16-3 (0.90 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E16-1 (0.80 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.44-5.29(m,4H,-CH=CH-),5.16-5.02(m,1H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),4.15(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),3.58-3.52(m,4 H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.40(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH -,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,12H; -CH2C(=O)O-,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.10-1. 98(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.40-1.20(m,40H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=936.74([M+H] + ). Example 17.1: Cationic lipid E17-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (2.72 g, 13.2 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S5-2 (1.30 g, 6.0 mmol), S17-1 (2.04 g, 7.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.18 g, 1.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly add the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product dropwise under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, Purified water was added, extracted with dichloromethane, the extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was recrystallized to obtain compound S17-2 (2.08 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-2 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol), S17-2 (0.85 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (150 mL) in turn, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S17-3 (1.25 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S17-3 (0.93 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E17-1 (0.81 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.85-5.75(m,2H,-CH2CH=CH2),5.45-5.29(m,4H,-CH=CH-),5.17-4.91(m,5H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-,1H; -CH2CH=CH2,4H),4.14(d,6 H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),3.58-3.52(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.40(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-CH2N(C H3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,12H;-CH2C(=O)O-,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2, 6H), 2.10-1.98(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-), 1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.40-1.21(m,36H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.89(t,3H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=960.74([M+H] + ). Example 17.2: Cationic lipid E17-2 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (2.72 g, 13.2 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S5-2 (1.30 g, 6.0 mmol), S17-4 (1.64 g, 7.2 mmol, S17-4 is obtained by reacting a TBS-protected hydroxyl group of glycerol with 1-bromo-2-pentene and removing TBS protection) and DMAP (0.18 g, 1.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, the precipitate is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated, purified water was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was recrystallized to obtain compound S17-5 (1.80 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-2 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol), S17-5 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (20 mL) in sequence and then rapidly stirred at room temperature under ice bath conditions. EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was added to the mixture at a high speed. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S17-6 (1.17 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S17-6 (0.87 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E17-2 (0.76 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.68-5.47(m,4H,-OCH2CH=CH-),5.45-5.29(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-),5.16-5.02(m,1H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),4.14(d,6H,>CH(CH2O C(=O))3-),3.84(d,4H,-OCH2CH=CH-),3.58-3.52(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H; -CH2N(CH3)2,2H; -CH=CHCH2CH =CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-) ,2.35-2.25(m,12H;-CH2C(=O)O-,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.11-1.82(m,8H; -CH=CHCH2CH3,4H; -CH2CH2CH=CH-,4H), 1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.39-1.21(m,24H; -CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.85(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=904.68([M+H] + ). Example 18: Cationic lipid E18-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Dissolve tert-butyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate (S18-1, 9.40 g, 50 mmol) in 250 mL of dichloromethane solution, add pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC, 16.13 g, 75.0 mmol), stir at 15°C for at least 2 hours, filter, concentrate under reduced pressure, and purify by column chromatography to obtain S18-2 (5.95 g). Step b: The above compound S18-2 (5.58 g, 30.0 mmol) and 6-heptynol (S18-3, 8.40 g, 75.0 mmol) were dissolved in 250 mL of dichloromethane solution, and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH·H2O, 1.14 g, 6.0 mmol) and anhydrous sodium sulfate (10.65 g, 75.0 mmol) were added. After stirring at 15°C for at least 24 hours, the mixture was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S18-4 (2.59 g). Step c: Removal of tBu protecting group. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add a dichloromethane solution of S18-4 (1.97 g, 5.0 mmol) under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, add purified water, extract with dichloromethane, dry the extract with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and recrystallize to obtain compound S18-5 (1.58 g, 93.8%). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-2 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol), S18-5 (0.67 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (20 mL) in sequence and then rapidly stirred at room temperature under ice bath conditions. EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was added to the mixture at a high speed. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S18-6 (1.09 g). Step e: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S18-6 (0.82 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E18-1 (0.73 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.47-5.28(m,4H,-CH=CH-),4.64(t,1H,>CH(OCH2)2-),4.14(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),3.52-3.36(m,4H,>CH(OCH2) 2-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.57(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(C H2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,10H; -CH2C(=O)O-,4H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.21(t,4H,-CH2C≡CH),2.10-1.82(m,8H; -CH2C≡CH,2H; -CH2CH2CH=C H-,4H;-CH2CH(OCH2)2-,2H),1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.39-1.21(m,34H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,3H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=870.67([M+H] + ). Example 19: Cationic lipid E19-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (3.63 g, 17.6 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S5-2 (1.73 g, 8.0 mmol), S3-1 (1.25 g, 9.6 mmol) and DMAP (0.24 g, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (60 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, add purified water, extract with dichloromethane, dry the extract with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and recrystallize the crude product to obtain compound S19-1 (1.77 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-1 (0.53 g, 5.0 mmol), S19-1 (1.36 g, 5.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.10 g, 0.8 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.10 g, 0.5 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S19-2 (1.29 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S19-2 (0.72 g, 2.0 mmol), S17-2 (0.85 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (20 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was heated to 40 °C. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S19-3 (1.26 g). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S19-3 (0.92 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E19-1 (0.80 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.86-5.75(m,2H,-CH2CH=CH2),5.17-4.92(m,5H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-,1H; -CH2CH=CH2,4H),4.15(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3- ),4.04(t,2H,-C(=O)OCH2-),3.58-3.51(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.40(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.15(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.81-2.66(m, 2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,14H;-CH2C(=O)O-,8H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2. 10-1.81(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-), 1.66-1.54(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.41-1.22(m,38H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.86(t,3H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=952.70([M+H] + ). Example 20: Cationic lipid E20-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (3.63 g, 17.6 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S5-2 (1.73 g, 8.0 mmol), 2-nonene-1-ol (S20-1, 1.36 g, 9.6 mmol) and DMAP (0.24 g, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (60 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, the precipitate is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v) is prepared, and the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product is slowly added dropwise under ice bath conditions, and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is concentrated, purified water is added, extracted with dichloromethane, the extract is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, the filtrate is concentrated, and the crude product is recrystallized to obtain compound S20-2 (1.85 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-1 (0.53 g, 5.0 mmol), S20-2 (1.42 g, 5.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.10 g, 0.8 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.10 g, 0.5 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S20-3 (1.35 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S20-3 (0.75 g, 2.0 mmol), S17-2 (0.85 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence and then rapidly stirred at room temperature under ice bath conditions. EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was added to the mixture at a high speed. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S20-4 (1.28 g). Step d: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S20-4 (0.94 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E20-1 (0.82 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.85-5.68(m,4H;-CH2CH=CH2,2H;-CH=CH-,2H),5.17-4.91(m,5H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-,1H;-CH2CH=CH2,4H),4.57(dd,2H,-C(=O)OCH2 CH=CH-),4.15(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),3.58-3.51(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2- ),3.47-3.41(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.15(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.81-2.66( m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC( =O))3-),2.33-2.25(m,14H; -CH2C(=O)O-,8H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.10-1.82( m,6H;-CH2CH2CH=CH-,4H,-CH2CH=CH-,2H),1.66-1.54(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.41-1.22(m,34H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.87(t,3H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=964.70([M+H] + ). Example 21: Cationic lipid E21-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-2 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol), S9-2 (0.80 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S21-1 (1.23 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S21-1 (0.90 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E21-1 (0.79 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.45-5.29(m,4H,-CH=CH-),4.85(t,1H,>CH(CH2CH2)2-) ,4.14(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),3.17(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-C H2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m, 1H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,12H;-CH2C(=O)O-,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H), 2.10-1.98(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-), 1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.40-1.21(m,52H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.89(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=932.78([M+H] + ). Example 22: Cationic lipid E22-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S16-2 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol), S7-4 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S22-1 (1.18 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S22-1 (0.87 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E22-1 (0.76 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.44-5.29(m,4H,-CH=CH-),4.14(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),4.04(t,2H,>CHC(=O)OCH2-),3.17(t, 1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,> CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,11H; -CH2C(=O)O-,4H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H; -OC(=O)CH(CH2)2,1H),2.10-1.98(m,4H,-CH2C H2CH=CH-), 1.66-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.40-1.21(m,48H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.88(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=904.75([M+H] + ). Example 23: Cationic lipid E23-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S19-2 (0.72 g, 2.0 mmol), S9-2 (0.80 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was heated to 40 °C. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S23-1 (1.22 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S22-1 (0.89 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E23-1 (0.79 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:4.87(t,1H,>CH(CH2CH2)2-),4.15(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),4.04(t,2H,-C( =O)OCH2-),3.16(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.4 3-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,14H;-CH2C(=O)O-,8H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),1.66-1.5 5(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.42-1.21(m,54H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.89(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=924.74([M+H] + ). Example 24: Cationic lipid E24-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen atmosphere, S19-2 (0.72 g, 2.0 mmol), S7-4 (0.74 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) in sequence, and then EDCI (0.04 g, 0.2 mmol) was quickly added to the mixture under ice bath conditions. When EDCI was completely dissolved, the reaction solution was warmed to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 15 h. After the reaction was completed, the solvent was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water (10 mL*3), the organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S24-1 (1.16 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S24-1 (0.86 g, 1.2 mmol), S1-3 (0.20 g, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E24-1 (0.75 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:4.15(d,6H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))3-),4.04(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2-),3.16(t,1H,-CH N(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.43-2.37(m,1H,>CH(CH2OC( =O))3-),2.34-2.25(m,13H; -CH2C(=O)O-,6H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H; -OC(=O)CH(CH2)2,1H),1.66-1.55 (m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.42-1.21(m,50H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=896.71([M+H] + ). Example 25: Cationic lipid E25-1 Method 1: The preparation process is as follows: Step a: N-Boc-serine (S25-1, 0.96 g, 5.0 mmol) was dissolved in CHCl3 (30 mL). Pyridine (1.21 mL, 15.0 mmol) and oleyl chloride (S25-2, 3.28 mL, 10.0 mmol) were added in sequence, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature to react overnight. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with NH4Cl sat, water and brine in sequence. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to give compound S25-3 (3.19 g, 89%). Step b: Removal of Boc protecting group. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add a dichloromethane solution of S25-3 (2.15 g, 3.0 mmol) under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, dilute with purified water, extract with dichloromethane, dry the organic phase with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and recrystallize to obtain compound S25-4 (1.66 g, 90.1%). Step c: S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of dichloromethane, EDCI (0.42 g, 2.2 mmol) was added in batches at 0°C, and after stirring for 30 min, S25-4 (1.23 g, 2.0 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction solution. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight reaction. After the reaction was completed, it was washed twice with 60 mL of water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E25-1 (1.31 g). Method 2: The preparation process is as follows: Step a: S1-3 (1.33 g, 6.6 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (20 mL), and then DCC (1.36 g, 6.6 mmol) was slowly added. After stirring for 30 min, DMAP (0.07 g, 0.6 mmol) and S25-5 (1.91 g, 6.0 mmol) were added in sequence, and the stirring reaction was continued for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, the solvent was concentrated, the crude product was dissolved in DCM, washed once with H2O, and extracted twice with DCM (10 mL*2), the organic layers were combined and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S25-6 (2.66 g, 88%). Step b: The above product S25-6 (1.51 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (15 mL), and TBAF (15 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection. The reaction was allowed to proceed overnight. After the TBS protection was removed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain S25-7 (0.74 g, 89.1%). Step c: S2-2 (1.23 g, 4.4 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (20 mL), and DMF (5 mL) and DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. S25-7 (0.55 g, 2.0 mmol) was then slowly added to the mixture and stirred for 10 min. DMAP (0.02 g, 0.2 mmol) was then added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature to react overnight. After the reaction was completed, the solution was filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E25-1 (1.18 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.44-5.26(m,8H,-CH=CH-),4.48-4.42(m,1H,-C(=O)NHCH<),4.15-4.06(m,4H,>CH(CH2 OC(=O))2-),3.18-2.94(m,3H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CHN(CH3)2,1H),2.76-2.68(m,4H,-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-),2.58( s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.25(m,10H;-OC(=O)CH2-,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.08-1.98(m,8H,-CH2CH2CH=CH-) ,1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.47-1.21(m,34H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.87(t,6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=799.68([M+H] + ). Example 26: Cationic lipid E26-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: At room temperature, S25-7 (2.20 g, 8.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (120 mL), and then S2-2 (4.61 g, 16.5 mmol), DMAP (0.20 g, 1.6 mmol) and DIPEA (2.48 g, 19.2 mmol) were added in sequence, EDCI (3.69 g, 19.2 mmol) was added three times within 15 minutes, and DMF (1 mL) was added at the same time, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with water, 1M HCI and 5% sodium bicarbonate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain the target compound S26-1 (2.71 g). Step b: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S26-1 (2.29 g, 2.4 mmol), S9-2 (0.80 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E26-1 (1.54 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.44-5.26(m,4H,-CH=CH-),4.86(t,1H,>CH(CH2CH2)2-),4.48-4.43(m,1H,-C(=O)NHCH<),4.1 5-4.05(m,4H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),3.18-2.95(m,3H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CHN(CH3)2,1H),2.76-2.68(m,2H,-CH=CHCH2C H=CH-),2.58(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.34-2.25(m,12H;-OC(=O)CH2-,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.08-1.98(m,4H,-CH2CH2C H=CH-), 1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2), 1.47-1.23(m,52H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3), 0.89(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=917.78([M+H] + ). Example 27: Cationic lipid E27-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (9.97 g, 48.4 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S5-2 (4.75 g, 22.0 mmol), S27-1 (4.07 g, 26.4 mmol) and DMAP (0.67 g, 5.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL), and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product. In a dry and clean round-bottom flask, prepare a solution of trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane (1:2, v / v), slowly dropwise add the dichloromethane solution of the above crude product under ice bath conditions, and react at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction is completed, concentrate the reaction solution, add purified water, extract with dichloromethane, dry the extract with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, concentrate the filtrate, and recrystallize the crude product to obtain compound S27-2 (5.29 g). Step b: At room temperature, S4-1 (1.65 g, 8.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (120 mL), and then S27-2 (4.88 g, 16.5 mmol), DMAP (0.20 g, 1.6 mmol) and DIPEA (2.48 g, 19.2 mmol) were added in sequence, EDCI (3.69 g, 19.2 mmol) was added three times within 15 minutes, and DMF (1 mL) was added at the same time, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with water, 1M HCI and 5% sodium bicarbonate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain the target compound S27-3 (2.41 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (1.81 g, 8.8 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S27-3 (2.33 g, 4.8 mmol), S5-3 (1.61 g, 4.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S27-4 (2.94 g). Step d: The above product S27-4 (2.61 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 mL), and TBAF (30 mL, 1 M) was added under nitrogen protection, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain disubstituted diglyceride S27-5 (1.98 g, 87.6%). Step e: Under nitrogen atmosphere, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S27-5 (1.81 g, 2.4 mmol), S1-3 (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (61.00 mg, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E27-1 (1.59 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.29-5.27(m,1H,>CHC(=O)OCH<),5.17-5.03(m,1H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),4.36-4.28(dd,2H,>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-),4.17-4.10(m, 4H;>CH(CH2OC(=O))2-,2H;-CH2CH2C≡C-,2H),3.58-3.53(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.48-3.38(m,4H,>CH(CH2OCH2)2-),3.14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.8 0-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.52-2.46(m,2H,- C≡CCH2(CH2)4-),2.34-2.24(m,14H; -OC(=O)CH2-,8H; -CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2 .15-2.10(m,2H,-CH2C≡CCH2(CH2)4-),1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.49-1.21(m,38H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.89(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=938.68([M+H] + ). Example 28.1: Cationic lipid E28-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Freshly activated magnesium particles (0.79 g, 33.1 mmol) and 2 mL of anhydrous ether were added to a clean round-bottom flask. The bromide 9-bromo-1-nonene (S28-1, 5.46 g, 26.6 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous ether (80 mL) and added to a dropping funnel. The bromide ether solution was added dropwise to the magnesium particles under ice bath conditions. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was reacted at 35°C for 1 hour and then cooled in an ice bath. Ethyl formate (0.89 g, 12.0 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous ether (8 mL) and added to the dropping funnel and added to the reaction mixture under stirring. An exothermic reaction was observed and the reaction mixture began to reflux. After the reaction was initiated, the remaining ether solution of the formate was quickly added in a liquid stream and the reaction mixture was stirred for another 1 hour at room temperature. Then 5 mL of acetone was added dropwise and ice water (15 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was treated with aqueous H2SO4 (10% volume, 100 mL) until the solution became homogeneous and allowed to stand for separation. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether (50 mL*2), and the combined ether layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated to obtain a crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to give compound S28-2 (3.02 g). Step b: S28-2 (2.80 g, 10.0 mmol) was dissolved in a mixed solution of dichloromethane (30 mL) and acetonitrile (30 mL), and then ruthenium chloride (RuCl3, 0.37 g, 1.8 mmol) was added, the mixture was cooled to 10 ° C, and an aqueous solution of sodium periodate (0.22 g, 1.0 mmol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at 10 ° C for 20 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with water, the organic phase and the aqueous phase were separated, saturated brine was added to the organic layer under stirring, and then 3% sodium sulfide solution was added dropwise for decolorization. The organic phase and the aqueous phase were separated, the organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to obtain compound S28-3 (2.72 g). Step c: Under nitrogen atmosphere, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (1.16 g, 7.7 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S28-3 (2.21 g, 7.0 mmol) dissolved in DMF (50 mL) and imidazole (1.19 g, 17.5 mmol), and the reaction solution was stirred at 50° C. overnight. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with water, and the mixed solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, the organic layers were combined and washed once with saturated brine, the organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the diacid (S28-4, 2.72 g, 90%) with the hydroxyl group protected by TBS. Step d: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (1.85 g, 9.0 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S20-1 (0.71 g, 5.0 mmol), S28-4 (0.86 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and 20 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M) was added, and the reaction was continued overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain a crude product of S28-5, which was further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S28-5 (0.86 g). Step e: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S1-3 (0.24 g, 1.0 mmol), S28-5 (0.57 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E28-1 (0.62 g). 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.82-5.71(m,2H,-C(=O)OCH2CH=CH-), 5.56-5.54(m,2H,-C(=O)OCH2CH=CH-), 4.91-4. 83(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.55(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2CH=CH-),314(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH 3)2),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.25(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.23(t,4H,-CH2C(=O)O-),2.06-1.99(m,4H,-CH= CHCH2CH2-),1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.47-1.19(m,42H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.87(t, 6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=748.73([M+H] + ). Example 28.2: Cationic lipid E28-2 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (1.85 g, 9.0 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing 1-nonanol (S28-6, 0.72 g, 5.0 mmol), S28-4 (0.86 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration and concentrate the filtrate. Dissolve the residue in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), add 20 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M), react overnight, and remove TBS protection. After the reaction is completed, concentrate, extract, combine the organic phases, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product of S28-7, which is further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S28-7 (0.88 g). Step b: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S28-7 (0.57 g, 1.0 mmol), S1-3 (0.24 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E28-2 (0.63 g). 1 H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:4.92-4.83(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.14-4.04(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2 -),3.14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3 )2),2.25(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.23(t,4H,-CH2C(=O)O-),1.64-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH 2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.47-1.19(m,54H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.86(t,6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=752.66([M+H] + ). Example 29: Cationic lipid E29-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under ice bath condition, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl, 1.81 g, 12.0 mmol) and imidazole (1.36 g, 20.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 17 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S29-2 (1.97 g). Step b: Under ice bath condition, diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) ​​in THF (1M, 4.8mL, 4.8mmol) solution was added to a round-bottom flask containing S29-2 (1.74g, 6.0mmol) dissolved in DCM (20mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 17h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction was quenched with MeOH, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S29-3 (0.78g). Step c: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (1.85 g, 9.0 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing S2-2 (1.40 g, 5.0 mmol), S29-3 (0.47 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration and concentrate the filtrate. Dissolve the residue in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), add 20 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M), react overnight, and remove TBS protection. After the reaction is completed, concentrate, extract, combine the organic phases, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain a crude product of S29-4, which is further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S29-4 (1.00 g). Step d: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S29-4 (0.65 g, 1.0 mmol), S1-3 (0.24 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E29-1 (0.70 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.35-5.24(m,8H,-CH=CH-),4.91-4.82(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.14-4.04(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2-) ,3.14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3)2),2.80-2.66(m,6H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H; CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,4H),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.2 5(s,6H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.23(t,4H,-CH2C(=O)O-),2.03-1.97(m,8H,-CH=CHCH2-),1.79-1.77(m,4H,-C(=O)OCH2CH 2-),1.64-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.47-1.19(m,34H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.86(t,6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=828.70([M+H] + ). Example 30: Cationic lipid E30-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Under nitrogen protection, add DCC (1.85 g, 9.0 mmol) to a round-bottom flask containing 4-nonyn-1-ol (S30-1, 0.70 g, 5.0 mmol), S28-4 (0.86 g, 2.0 mmol) and DMAP (0.12 g, 1.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) and react at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, remove the precipitate by filtration and concentrate the filtrate. Dissolve the residue in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), add 20 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M), react overnight, and remove TBS protection. After the reaction is completed, concentrate, extract, combine the organic phases, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to obtain the crude product of S30-2, which is further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S30-2 (0.86 g). Step b: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S30-2 (0.56 g, 1.0 mmol), S1-3 (0.24 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E30-1 (0.61 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:4.91-4.83(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.14-4.04(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2-),3.14(t,1H,-CHN(CH3) 2),2.80-2.66(m,2H,-CH2N(CH3)2),2.55(s,6H,>CHN(CH3)2),2.27-2.25(m,10H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H;-C(=O)O(C H2)2CH2-,4H),2.23(t,4H,-CH2C(=O)O-),2.14(tt,4H,-C≡CCH2(CH2)2CH3),1.80(q,4H,-C(=O)OCH2CH2CH2-) ,1.64-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.47-1.19(m,34H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.86(t,6H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=744.60([M+H] + ). Example 31: Cationic lipid E31-1 The preparation process is as follows: Step a: Pyridinium toluenesulfonate (PPTS, 0.20 g, 0.8 mmol) was dissolved in toluene at room temperature, and then S3-2 (2.51 g, 16.0 mmol) and 2-octen-1-ol (S31-1, 6.14 g, 48.0 mmol) were added to the mixture in sequence, and the mixture was reacted at 135° C. for 20 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, extracted, dried, and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S31-2 (2.16 g). Step b: S31-2 (1.93 g, 6.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (30 mL), and then KOH (0.84 g, 15.0 mmol) aqueous solution was added dropwise to the mixture, and the reaction mixture was reacted at 110° C. for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, pH=5 was adjusted by adding 1M HCl, and extracted twice with hexane (10 mL*2), the organic layers were combined, the combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S31-3 (1.94 g, 95%). Step c: At room temperature, S29-3 (0.94 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (50 mL), and then S31-3 (2.81 g, 8.2 mmol), DMAP (0.10 g, 0.8 mmol) and DIPEA (1.24 g, 9.6 mmol) were added in sequence, EDCI (1.84 g, 9.6 mmol) was added three times within 15 minutes, and DMF (1 mL) was added at the same time, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed with water, 1M HCI and 5% sodium bicarbonate, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S31-4 (1.40 g). Step d: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (0.91 g, 4.4 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S31-4 (1.11 g, 2.0 mmol), S2-2 (0.48 g, 2.4 mmol) and DMAP (0.06 g, 0.5 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and 20 mL of TBAF tetrahydrofuran solution (1 M) was added, and the reaction was continued overnight to remove the TBS protection. After the reaction was completed, the organic phases were concentrated, extracted, and combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain a crude product of S31-5, which was further purified by column chromatography to obtain compound S31-5 (1.37 g). Step e: Under nitrogen protection, DCC (0.45 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a round-bottom flask containing S31-4 (0.71 g, 1.0 mmol), S1-3 (0.24 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (31.00 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 h. After the reaction was completed, the precipitate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain a crude product. The product was purified by column chromatography to obtain cationic lipid E31-1 (0.74 g). 1H NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:5.41-5.26(m,8H,-CH=CH-),4.91-4.83(m,1H,-C(=O)OCH<),4.62(t,1H,>CH(OCH2)2-),4.02(t,4H,-C(=O)OCH2- ),3.52-3.13(m,5H;>CH(OCH2)2-,4H;-CHN(CH3)2,1H),2.80-2.66(m,4H;-CH2N(CH3)2,2H;-CH=CHCH2CH=CH-,2H),2.56(s,6H,>CHN(CH 3)2),2.34-2.25(m,10H;-OC(=O)CH2-,2H;-CH2N(CH3)2,6H),2.11-1.82(m,14H;-CH2CH2CH=CH-,12H;-CH2CH(OCH2)2-,2H),1.79-1.77 (m,4H,-C(=O)OCH2CH2-),1.65-1.55(m,4H,-CH2CH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2),1.48-1.20(m,26H;-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH2CH3),0.88(t,9H,-CH2CH3). MS(ESI):m / z=888.72([M+H] + ). Example 32. Preparation of LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition and testing of its physicochemical properties Example 32.1: Preparation of LNP-mRNA Pharmaceutical Composition In this embodiment, multiple groups of lipid compositions containing cationic lipids shown in the general formula (1) of the present application, and lipid nanoparticles (LNP) containing the lipid compositions, specifically LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical compositions containing Fluc-mRNA, are prepared. The phospholipids contained in each group are DSPC, and the sterol lipids contained are cholesterol, and the difference lies in the two components of cationic lipids and pegylated lipids. Among them, the control group (L-CT): the pegylated lipid is PEG2k-DMG (DMG for short), and the cationic lipid is compound 29 (C29); the experimental group series (L-1 to L-35): the pegylated lipids are DMG and PL-14, and the cationic lipids are prepared in the embodiments of the present application. The specific formulas of each lipid composition are shown in Table 1. The Compound 29 (C29) is obtained by referring to the preparation method disclosed in CN101674853A, and its structure is as follows: The PL-1 is obtained by referring to the preparation method disclosed in CN115353616A, and its structure is as follows: The PL-14 is obtained by referring to the preparation method disclosed in CN115515926A, and its structure is as follows: The preparation method of the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition is as follows: Step a: dissolving the cationic lipid, DSPC, cholesterol and PEGylated lipid in ethanol at a molar ratio of 48:9:42:1.5 to obtain an ethanol phase solution; Step b: adding Fluc-mRNA to 10-50 mM citrate buffer (pH=4) to obtain an aqueous solution; Step c: The ethanol phase solution and the aqueous phase solution were mixed (1:3 v / v) to prepare LNP-mRNA, and then washed by DPBS ultrafiltration multiple times to remove ethanol and free molecules, and finally filtered through a 0.2 μm sterile filter to obtain LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition. Example 32.2: Physical and chemical properties testing of LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical compositions Encapsulation efficiency determination: The encapsulation efficiency of the LNP-mRNA composition was determined using the Quant-it Ribogreen RNA quantitative determination kit. The results showed that the lipid composition (L-1 to L-35) of the present invention had a high encapsulation efficiency for nucleic acid drugs (mRNA), all within the range of 80%-95%, and most of the encapsulation efficiency was within the range of 90%-95%. The results showed that the cationic lipids containing two tertiary amine groups in each experimental group could encapsulate mRNA well, showing an encapsulation efficiency comparable to or better than that of C29, and there were also differences in the encapsulation efficiency of the cationic lipids containing two tertiary amine groups of different structures. Particle size determination: In the present embodiment, the particle size of LNP-mRNA was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The LNP-mRNA size uniformity measured was high, and its PDI was less than 0.3. The particle size of LNP-mRNA prepared by the lipid composition of the present application was within the range of 90-120nm, which met the requirements of the particle size of the gene carrier. Table 1: Summary of the formulas of various lipid compositions and the particle sizes and encapsulation efficiencies of the LNP-mRNA prepared therefrom Example 33: Biological Activity Test of LNP-mRNA Pharmaceutical Composition Preparation (1) Cytotoxicity (biocompatibility) studies The cytotoxicity of the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was tested by MTT staining. The LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition was dissolved in a culture medium to prepare a desired concentration. If necessary, an appropriate amount of a solvent was added. Hela cells were used as a cell model at a seeding density of 1×10 4 Cells / well, cell suspension 100 μ L / well is inoculated into 96-well plates. After inoculation, incubate and cultivate for 24h at 37°C, 4% CO2 in a cell culture incubator, then discard the old culture medium by suction, administer the medium 100 μ L (LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition is prepared in Example 32.1) at a dosage of 0.1-0.3ug mRNA per well, and fresh culture medium 100 μ L is added to the blank control group, and each concentration (0.1ug, 0.15ug, 0.20ug, 0.25ug and 0.3ug) of each group is 6 replicates. After LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition preparation and Hela cells are incubated together for 24h, 20 μ L of PBS buffer solution of 5mg / mL MTT is added to each well and the cancer cells are incubated for 4h, the mixed solution of culture medium and MTT buffer solution is discarded by suction, 150 μ L / well of DMSO is added, and the purple crystal formazan of living cells is used to dissolve, and after sufficient vibration, the absorbance is tested with a microplate reader. The results show that the cell survival rate of the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition prepared by the present invention is greater than 95% and is within the range of 95%-100% compared with the blank control group, indicating that the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition prepared by the present invention has good biocompatibility. (2) Serum stability evaluation The LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition was added to a culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), stirred at 37°C, and samples were taken regularly to determine the particle size change of the LNP-mRNA. The serum stability of the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition preparation was analyzed by testing its particle size change. The experimental results showed that within 7 days, the particle size changes of the control group and the experimental group were less than 10%, and the particle size changes of all biological experimental groups were less than 5%, indicating that the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition preparation prepared by the cationic lipid of the present invention has good serum stability. (3) Study on cell transfection activity In order to investigate the mRNA transfection rate of each group of LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition prepared in Example 32.1 of the present invention at the cellular level, Luciferase bioluminescence was used for testing. The LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical composition was dissolved in the culture medium and prepared into the required dose. Hela cells were used as cell models, and 100 μL / well of cell suspension was inoculated into a 96-well plate with a black-rimmed transparent bottom at an inoculation density of 6000 cells / well. After inoculation, the cells were incubated in a cell culture incubator for 24 hours, and then administered at a dose of 0.2 ug mRNA per well. The blank control group was added with the corresponding dose of free Fluc-mRNA. After 24 hours of transfection, the old culture medium was removed and replaced with a new culture medium containing D-fluorescein sodium (1.5 mg / mL) substrate, and after incubation for 5 minutes, the bioluminescence was detected using an ELISA instrument. The stronger the fluorescence, the more Fluc-mRNA that was transported into the cytoplasm and translated into the corresponding fluorescent protein. The experimental results are shown in Table 2, wherein the relative value of fluorescence intensity is the ratio of the fluorescence intensity value of each group to the fluorescence intensity of the blank control group. The results show that the LNP-mRNA pharmaceutical compositions prepared by the present invention have excellent in vitro transfection effects, that is, the LNPs in the experimental groups are all effective nucleic acid delivery vectors, probably because the cationic lipids of the present application contain two ionizable tertiary amine structures, and the transfection efficiency of the LNPs prepared therefrom is better than the L-CT group prepared by the lysine core cationic lipids of the prior art. The relative fluorescence values ​​of the experimental groups L-2, L-7, L-9, L-11, L-15, L-21, L-31, L-34, and L-35 are relatively high. At the same time, there are differences in the fluorescence intensity of each experimental group, which may be due to the following differences in each cationic lipid: the type and / or number of degradable linking groups, and / or the type of hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail chain (e.g., containing or not containing ether bonds), and / or the saturation of the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail chain. Specifically, compared with E1-1 (L-1), E2-1 (L-2), and E25-1 (L-26), the transfection rates of E2-1 and E25-1, whose hydrophobic fatty tail chains contain linkers, were higher, and the activity of E2-1, whose head contained an ester bond, was higher than that of E25-1, whose head contained an amide bond. This may be because the degradable ester bond can avoid the endosomal storage of LNP-mRNA, promote the endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA, and release mRNA into the cytoplasm to exert its therapeutic effect; E Compared with E28-1 (L-29), E28-2 (L-30) and E30-1 (L-32), E28-2 and E30-1 containing unsaturated hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail chains have higher transfection activity, which may be because the unsaturated hydrocarbon chain can increase membrane fluidity and improve cell uptake; E3-1 (L-3), E5-1 (L-5), E12-1 (L-12), E13-1 (L-13), E14-1 (L-14) and other two tertiary amine groups in this application Compared with cationic lipids, its transfection rate is lower, which may be because its hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail chain contains ether bonds. The presence of ether bonds will increase hydrophilicity and is not conducive to the formation of a conical geometry. However, some cationic lipids only have part of their hydrophobic tail chains containing ether bonds, and their transfection rate is relatively high. For example, compared with E13-1 (L-13) and E16-1 (L-17), the transfection rate of E16-1, which only has part of its hydrophobic fatty tail chain containing ether bonds, is higher. Table 2: Cell transfection test results The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the purpose and scope of the present invention, and without the need to carry out unnecessary experimental conditions, the present invention can be implemented in a wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations and conditions. Although the present invention provides specific embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention can be further improved. In a word, according to the principle of the present invention, the application is intended to include any changes, uses or improvements to the present invention, including departing from the disclosed scope in the application and the changes made with conventional techniques known in the art.

Claims

1. A cationic lipid, characterized in that The structure is shown in the general formula (1): Among them, R a , R b , R c , R d Each independently is C 1-3 Alkyl; or R a , R b Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, or R c , R d Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; M is O, S or NH; L d is a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group; X is N or CR m , the R m H or C 1-12 alkyl; L A -B3-L3-B1-L1-R1, L B -B4-L4-B2-L2-R2; wherein L1, L2, L3, L4 are each independently a connecting bond or a divalent connecting group L; B1, B2, B3, B4 are each independently a connecting bond or C 1-20 Alkylene; R1, R2 are each independently C 1-30 Hydrocarbon or C containing 1-4 -O- 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, deuterated substance or solvate thereof.

2. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The L d is the connecting bond, -(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t Z-, -(CH2) t Z(CH2) t - and -(CH2) t Z(CH2) t any one of: Z-, wherein t is independently an integer of 1-12 at each occurrence, and Z is independently -C(=O)-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)O-, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)S-, -SC(=O)-, -NRC(=O)-, -C(=O)NR g 、-NR g C(=O)NR g -、-OC(=O)NR g -、-NR g C(=O)O-, -SC(=O)NR g -and-NR g C(=O)S-, wherein R g Each occurrence is independently H or C 1-12 Alkyl; L d Preferably, the linker, -(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t O-, -(CH2) t C(=O)-、-(CH2) t C(=O)O-、-(CH2) t OC(=O)-、-(CH2) t C(=O)NH-、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)-、-(CH2) t OC(=O)O-、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)O-、-(CH2) t OC(=O)NH-、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)NH-、-(CH2) t O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t C(=O)(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t C(=O)O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t OC(=O)(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t C(=O)NH(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t OC(=O)O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t NHC(=O)O(CH2) t -、-(CH2) t OC(=O)NH(CH2) t - and -(CH2) t NHC(=O)NH(CH2) t - any one; most preferably a connecting bond or -(CH2) t -.

3. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that Each occurrence of L is independently -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)O-, -C(=O)-, -O-, -NH-, -O(CR g R g ) s O-, -S-, -C(=O)S-, -SC(=O)-, -NR g C(=O)-, -C(=O)NR g -、-NR g C(=O)NR g -、-OC(=O)NR g -、-NR g C(=O)O-, -SC(=O)NR g -、-NR g C(=O)S-, -C(=S)-, -OC(=S)-, -C(=S)O-, -OC(=S)O-, -NR g C(=S)-、-C(=S)NR g -、-NR g C(=S)NR g -、-OC(=S)NR g -and-NR g C(=S)O-, wherein R g Each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-12 Alkyl, s is 2, 3 or 4; preferably L1, L2, L3, L4 are any of the following: Case (1): L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently L; Case (2): any one of L1, L2, L3 and L4 is a connecting bond, and the other three are each independently L; preferably L3 is a connecting bond, and L1, L2 and L4 are each independently L; Case (3): Any two of L1, L2, L3 and L4 are connecting bonds, and the other two are each independently L; preferably, L3 and L4 are connecting bonds, and L1 and L2 are each independently L; Case (4): any three of L1, L2, L3, and L4 are connecting bonds, and the other one is L; Case (5): L1, L2, L3, and L4 are all connecting bonds; More preferably, L1, L2, L3, and L4 are selected from any one of the aforementioned cases (1) to (3); Most preferably, L1, L2, L3, L4 are any of the following: Case (a): L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each independently -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -OC(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)O-; Case (b): L3 is a connecting bond, and L1, L2, and L4 are each independently any one of -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -OC(=O)O-, and -NHC(=O)O-; Case (c): L3 and L4 are connecting bonds, and L1 and L2 are each independently any one of -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -OC(=O)O-, and -NHC(=O)O-.

4. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The B1, B2, B3, and B4 are selected from any of the following situations: Case (1): B1, B2, B3, B4 are each independently C 1-20 Alkylene, more preferably C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (2): One of B1, B2, B3, B4 is a connecting bond, and the other three are C 1-10 Preferably B3 is a connecting bond, B1, B2, B4 are each independently C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (3): Any two of B1, B2, B3, and B4 are connecting bonds, and the other two are C 1-10 Preferably B3, B4 is a connecting bond, B1, B2 are each independently C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (4): Any three of B1, B2, B3, and B4 are connecting bonds, and the other one is C 1-10 Alkylene; Case (5): B1, B2, B3, and B4 are all connecting bonds; More preferably, B1, B2, B3, and B4 are selected from any one of the aforementioned cases (1) to (3); Among them, the aforementioned C 1-10 The alkylene group is preferably any one of a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, and an octylene group.

5. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The R1 and R2 are selected from any one of the following situations: Case (1): R1 and R2 are both C 1-30 Hydrocarbon; Case (2): R1 and R2 are both C 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; Case (3): One of R1 and R2 is C 1-30 hydrocarbon group, and the other is C 1-30 hydrocarbon derivative residues; The C 1-30 The hydrocarbon derivative residue is Wherein, tn is independently an integer from 0 to 12 each time it appears; R e , R f Each independently is C 1-15 Alkyl, C 2-15 Alkenyl and C 2-15 Any of the alkynyl groups.

6. The cationic lipid according to claim 5, characterized in that The C 1-30 The hydrocarbon group is C 1-30 Straight chain hydrocarbon or C 1-30 Branched hydrocarbon group; The C 1-30 The straight chain hydrocarbon group is selected from C 1-30 Straight chain alkyl, C 2-30 Straight chain alkenyl, C 2-30 Any of the straight chain alkynyl groups; preferably C 1-25 Straight chain alkyl, C 2-25 Straight chain alkenyl or C 2-25 Straight chain alkynyl; more preferably C 2-25 Straight chain alkenyl; The C 1-30 The branched hydrocarbon group is selected from C 1-30 Branched alkyl, C 2-30 Branched alkenyl, C 2-30 Any of the branched alkynyl groups, each independently represented by Wherein, tm is an integer from 0 to 12; R e , R f Each independently is C 1-15 Alkyl, C 2-15 Alkenyl and C 2-15 Any of the alkynyl groups; the C 1-30 The branched hydrocarbon group is preferably selected from any one of the following structures: Said Preferably Any one of; further, the Preferably any one of the following structures:

7. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The L A , L B Each is independently selected from any one of the following structures: wherein g is independently an integer of 1-10 each time it occurs, more preferably 1, 2 or 3.

8. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The R a , R b The same, is methyl or ethyl, the R c , R d Same, methyl or ethyl; Or the R a , R b Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is connected, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, wherein R c , R d Together with the nitrogen atom to which it is connected, it forms a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, wherein the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group is More preferably R a , R b , R c , R d All are methyl.

9. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure of the cationic lipid satisfies the following general formula (1-A) or (1-B): Preferably, the structure of the cationic lipid satisfies the general formula (2-1) or (2-2): More preferably, the structure of the cationic lipid satisfies any one of the following general formulas: In formula (3-1) to formula (3-30), B1, B2, B3, and B4 are not connecting bonds; more preferably, B1, B2, B3, and B4 are each independently C 1-10 Alkylene.

10. The cationic lipid according to claim 1, characterized in that Its structure is selected from any one of the following structures: Or the structure of the cationic lipid is any one of the following structures:

11. A lipid composition, characterized in that Contains the cationic lipid according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The lipid composition according to claim 11, characterized in that Also contains one or more of phospholipids, steroid lipids and pegylated lipids; selected from any one of the following situations: Case (1): also contains phospholipids; Case (2): also contains steroid lipids; Case (3): also contains PEGylated lipids; Case (4): also contains phospholipids and steroid lipids; Case (5): also contains phospholipids and PEGylated lipids; Case (6): also contains steroid lipids and PEGylated lipids; Case (7): also contains phospholipids, steroid lipids and PEGylated lipids; More preferably, the composition contains three lipids, namely, phospholipids, steroid lipids and PEGylated lipids.

13. The lipid composition according to claim 12, characterized in that The phospholipids are selected from 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-diondecanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-di-O-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-oleoyl-2-cholesteryl hemisuccinyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn- Glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dilinolenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt, dioleoylphosphatidyl silk any one of amino acid, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dimyristoylphosphoethanolamine, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-stearoylethanolamine, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and combinations thereof; Or the steroid lipid is selected from any one of cholesterol, coprosterol, sitosterol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, tomatine, ursolic acid, α-tocopherol and combinations thereof; Or the PEGylated lipid is selected from polyethylene glycol-1,2 dimyristin, polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, PEG-cholesterol, polyethylene glycol-diacylglycerol, polyethylene glycol-dialkoxypropyl, specifically including any one of polyethylene glycol 500-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, polyethylene glycol 2000-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, polyethylene glycol 500-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 500-1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, polyethylene glycol 2000-1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and polyethylene glycol 2000-2,3-dimyristoylglycerol and a combination thereof, or the PEGylated lipid is selected from any one of the following structures: Among them, n1 is an integer of 25-300, and more preferably n1 is any one of 44, 45, 46, 47, and 48.

14. The lipid composition according to any one of claims 11-13, characterized in that It contains 20-80% of cationic lipids, 5-15% of phospholipids, 25-55% of steroid lipids and 0.5-10% of PEGylated lipids, wherein the percentages are the molar percentages of each lipid in the total lipids.

15. The lipid composition according to claim 12, characterized in that The molar percentage of the cationic lipid to the total lipid is 30-65%; more preferably any one of 35%, 40%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, and 55%; Or the molar percentage of the phospholipids to the total lipids is 7.5-13%; more preferably any one of 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, and 12%; or the molar percentage of the steroid lipids in the total lipids is 35-50%, more preferably any one of 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, and 50%; Or the molar percentage of the PEGylated lipids to the total lipids is 0.5-5%, preferably 1-3%, and more preferably any one of 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, and 1.9%.

16. A lipid pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that: A lipid composition and a drug according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the drug is selected from any one of nucleic acid drugs, gene vaccines, anti-tumor drugs, small molecule drugs, polypeptide drugs or protein drugs.

17. The lipid pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, characterized in that The nucleic acid drug is selected from any one of RNA, DNA, antisense nucleic acid, plasmid, interfering nucleic acid, aptamer, antagomir and ribozyme, and the RNA is selected from any one of mRNA, saRNA, circRNA, miRNA and siRNA; preferably, the nucleic acid drug is any one of DNA, mRNA, miRNA and siRNA.

18. The lipid pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 16-17, characterized in that The pharmaceutical composition is used as a medicine and is selected from any one of the following medicines: anti-tumor agent, anti-viral agent, anti-fungal agent and vaccine.

19. A lipid pharmaceutical composition preparation, characterized in that: A lipid pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 16 to 18 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or excipient, wherein the diluent or excipient is preferably any one of deionized water, ultrapure water, phosphate buffer and normal saline, more preferably phosphate buffer or normal saline, and most preferably normal saline.

20. A liposome or lipid nanoparticle, characterized in that: A lipid composition comprising the lipid composition of any one of claims 11 to 15.

21. The liposome or lipid nanoparticle according to claim 20, characterized in that: The lipid nanoparticles are LNP-pharmaceutical compositions, LPP-pharmaceutical compositions or PNP-pharmaceutical compositions; preferably LNP-pharmaceutical compositions; more preferably LNP-nucleic acid pharmaceutical compositions; more preferably LNP-mRNA compositions.

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