Rotational alignment of multiple-input multiple-output devices

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Some wireless communication systems may support rotational alignment of a first antenna panel of a first device and a second antenna panel of a second device. The first device and the second device may exchange signaling indicative of a panel rotation capability and a panel rotation procedure configuration based on the panel rotation capability. The second device may transmit a reference signal from a central antenna element of the second antenna panel based on the configuration. The first device may receive the reference signal via two antenna elements of the first antenna panel, and may adjust an angular rotation of the first antenna panel based on the reference signal, the second antenna panel is configured to modify a respective distance between each of the two antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 17 / 859,950, filed by Zhang et al. on July 7, 2022, entitled “ROTATIONAL ALIGNMENT FOR MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT DEVICES,” which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications, including rotational alignment of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) devices. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communication of a communication device, which may be referred to as a user equipment (UE).

[0005] In a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication scenario, devices can communicate using antenna arrays to support relatively high throughput. In some cases, devices can communicate using orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing or rectangular antenna array multiplexing. Summary of the invention

[0006] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support rotational alignment of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) devices. For example, the described technology allows a first wireless device to adjust the angular rotation of a first antenna panel at the first wireless device so that the first antenna panel is aligned with a second antenna panel at a second wireless device. The first wireless device and the second wireless device may communicate signaling, such as one or more capability messages, indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device supports panel rotation capabilities. That is, each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device may be able to rotate the plane of the corresponding antenna panel around a center point of the antenna panel. In some aspects, the first wireless device and the second wireless device may exchange panel rotation procedure configurations for performing a panel rotation procedure. The second wireless device may use a center antenna element of a second antenna panel at the second wireless device to send a reference signal based on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

[0007] The first wireless device may receive a reference signal via two antenna elements of a first antenna panel at the first wireless device. The two antenna elements may be referred to herein as an antenna element pair. The first wireless device may adjust an angular rotation of the first antenna panel to modify a respective distance between each of the two antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of a second antenna panel at the second wireless device. The first wireless device may send a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel. For example, the alignment feedback information may indicate whether the first antenna panel is perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel.

[0008] A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; receiving a reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device; adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; and sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0009] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: communicate signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; receive a reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device; adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify the respective distances between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; and send a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0010] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a component for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; a component for receiving a reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device; a component for adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; and a component for sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0011] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: communicate signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; receive a reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device; adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; and send a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a configuration message including a panel rotation procedure configuration based on the panel rotation capability, wherein receiving the reference signal may be based on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, communicating signaling may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending a capability message indicating that the first wireless device supports panel rotation capability, the panel rotation capability being associated with the ability to adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a second reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second wireless device via a second set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel based on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the second set of two or more antenna elements to modify a corresponding second distance between each antenna element in the second set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending an indication via alignment feedback information that the first antenna panel may be perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending an indication via alignment feedback information that a first antenna panel may not be perpendicular relative to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a second reference signal sent by a central antenna element of a second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel based on alignment feedback information; and adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel based on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to further modify the corresponding distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending an indication via alignment feedback information that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element in a first set of two or more antenna elements and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements satisfies a threshold.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first phase measurement may be based on a set of multiple first phase measurements of a reference signal received across one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more first antenna elements of a first antenna panel, or both, the set of one or more first antenna elements including a first antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements, and a second phase measurement may be based on a set of multiple second phase measurements of a reference signal received across one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more second antenna elements of a first antenna panel, or both, the set of one or more second antenna elements including a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: comparing the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both to a phase tolerance threshold, wherein adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel may satisfy the phase tolerance threshold based on the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both.

[0021] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving one or more reference signals sent by one or more second non-center antenna elements of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device via at least a first non-center antenna element in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel; determining a first angle between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel and a second angle between a second non-center antenna element among the one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel that may be parallel to the first axis based on the one or more reference signals, wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element; and rotating the first antenna panel around a center point of the first antenna panel to adjust the angular difference between the first angle and the second angle.

[0022] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending a second message including second alignment feedback information to a second wireless device, the second alignment feedback information indicating whether an angular difference between the first angle and the second angle may be less than a threshold angular difference.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each antenna element in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel at a first wireless device may correspond to a corresponding second antenna element in a set of multiple second antenna elements of a second antenna panel at a second wireless device, and rotating the first antenna panel may include: modifying one or more angular differences between each pair of corresponding first antenna elements at the first wireless device and corresponding second antenna elements at the second wireless device.

[0024] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending a second reference signal to a second wireless device via a center antenna element of a first antenna panel at the first wireless device; and receiving a second message from the second wireless device indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel based on the second reference signal and a panel rotation procedure performed by the second wireless device.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first distance between two antenna elements in a first set of two or more antenna elements may be greater than or equal to a second distance between any other antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements within the first antenna panel.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, at least a subset of the set of the plurality of antenna elements may be arranged in a circular shape or a rectangular shape around a central antenna element of the first antenna panel. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first wireless device and the second wireless device support orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication, line-of-sight multiple-input multiple-output (LoS-MIMO) communication, or both.

[0027] A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The method may include: communicating signaling between a first wireless device and a second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability; sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation protocol configuration; and receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0028] An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: communicate signaling between a first wireless device and a second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; communicate a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability; send a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration; and receive, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0029] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a component for communicating signaling between a first wireless device and a second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; a component for communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability; a component for sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation protocol configuration; and a component for receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0030] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second communication device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: communicate signaling between a first wireless device and a second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; communicate a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability; send a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation protocol configuration; and receive, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, communicating signaling may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a capability message indicating that the first wireless device supports a panel rotation capability associated with an ability to adjust an angular rotation of a first antenna panel.

[0032] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a second reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving an indication that a first antenna panel may not be perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of a second antenna panel based on a reference signal via alignment feedback information, wherein sending a second reference signal may be based on the indication that the first antenna panel may not be perpendicular to the line.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving an indication that the first antenna panel may be perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel based on a reference signal via alignment feedback information.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving, via alignment feedback information, an indication that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device satisfies a threshold.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending one or more reference signals via one or more second non-center antenna elements of a second antenna panel, wherein each of the one or more second non-center antenna elements corresponds to a corresponding first non-center antenna element in a set of multiple first non-center antenna elements of a first antenna panel at a first wireless device; and receiving, by the second wireless device, a second message including second alignment feedback information, the second alignment feedback information indicating whether an angular difference between a first angle associated with a first non-center antenna element in the set of multiple first non-center antenna elements and a second angle associated with a second non-center antenna element in the one or more second non-center antenna elements may be less than a threshold angular difference, wherein the first angle may be between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel, and the second angle may be between the second non-center antenna element of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel that may be parallel to the first axis, and wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element.

[0037] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a second reference signal sent by a central antenna element of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device via a set of two or more antenna elements of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device; adjusting an angular rotation of the second antenna panel based on a measurement of the second reference signal at the set of two or more antenna elements to modify a corresponding distance between each antenna element in the set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the first antenna panel; and sending a second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the first wireless device based on adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting rotational alignment of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting rotational alignment of MIMO devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0040] Figure 3A and Figure 3B Examples of antenna panel configurations that support rotational alignment of MIMO devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0041] Figure 4A and Figure 4B Examples of antenna panel configurations that support rotational alignment of MIMO devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0042] Figure 5A and Figure 5B Examples of antenna panel configurations that support rotational alignment of MIMO devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0043] Figure 6 An example of a process flow for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of a device supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0045] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports rotational alignment of MIMO devices is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0046] Fig.10 A diagram of a system including a UE supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device is shown in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0047] Fig.11 A diagram of a system including a network entity that supports rotational alignment of MIMO devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0048] Figures 12 to 17 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Various wireless communication schemes such as line-of-sight multiple input multiple output (LoS-MIMO) are being considered for advanced wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G wireless communication systems) to, for example, support relatively high throughput over short distances. In such environments, two wireless devices can communicate using one or more antenna arrays. For example, each of the wireless devices may include an orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna system having multiple antenna elements arranged in one or more concentric circular antenna arrays, or an antenna system having one or more rectangular antenna arrays or antenna arrays of some other shapes. The antenna array including antenna elements may be referred to as an antenna panel in this article. The corresponding antenna panels of the two wireless devices may be installed so that they are aligned along a first axis (e.g., a horizontal axis or a vertical axis) and rotationally aligned (e.g., so that the corresponding antenna elements of the antenna panel of one wireless device are aligned with the corresponding antenna elements of the antenna panel of another wireless device on each rotation axis). It is important that the two antenna panels are aligned to support wireless communication, such as LoS-MIMO, regardless of the type of antenna panel implemented (e.g., regardless of whether an OAM array or a rectangular array is used). In case of any misalignment (eg, axial misalignment or rotational misalignment) between the respective antenna panels of the two wireless devices, the modes in OAM or LoS-MIMO between the wireless devices may lose orthogonality, which may result in signal loss, among other disadvantages.

[0050] Various aspects generally relate to transmitting devices and receiving devices communicating according to wireless communication schemes such as LoS-MIMO schemes, and more particularly to performing dynamic panel rotation procedures for aligning respective antenna panels at these devices. In some cases, the devices may communicate using orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing or rectangular antenna array multiplexing. In these environments, it may be beneficial to align two antenna arrays to support orthogonality of related signaling.

[0051] To perform a panel rotation procedure, the two devices may each support a panel rotation capability to adjust an angular rotation of the antenna panel about a center point of the antenna panel. The devices may exchange capability messages indicating the panel rotation capability. The transmitting device may send a panel rotation procedure configuration that initiates a panel rotation procedure and indicates a misalignment between a first antenna panel at the receiving device and a second antenna panel at the transmitting device. The configuration may indicate scheduling information for one or more reference signals.

[0052] The transmitting device may transmit one or more reference signals from a central antenna element of a second antenna panel at the transmitting device. The receiving device may receive the reference signals and measure phase information at one or more antenna element pairs of a first antenna panel at the receiving device. The receiving device may adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel around an axis intersecting the antenna elements so that the respective distances between the antenna elements at the receiving device and the central antenna element at the transmitting device may be within a threshold difference of each other. The receiving device may use the antenna element pairs to perform similar adjustments on one or more other axes of the first antenna panel. The transmitting device may perform similar panel rotation adjustments for the second antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the first antenna panel.

[0053] The devices may exchange alignment feedback information based on these adjustments. For example, after adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel, the receiving device may send alignment feedback information to the transmitting device to indicate whether the first panel is aligned or misaligned with a common axis that intersects the center antenna element of the second antenna panel and the center antenna element of the first antenna panel. Alignment with the common axis may indicate that the plane of the first antenna panel is perpendicular to the common axis or within a threshold angle range. In some aspects, the receiving device may determine whether the first antenna panel is aligned based on a distance calculated from relative phase measurements at two or more antenna elements of the receiving device. The transmitting device may send alignment feedback information to the receiving device to indicate the results of a similar panel rotation procedure at the transmitting device. If either device indicates negative alignment feedback information, the device may receive one or more additional reference signals to assist in further aligning the antenna panel.

[0054] Once the planes of the antenna panels are aligned (e.g., perpendicular to a common axis that intersects the centroid of the two antenna panels), the devices can align the corresponding antenna elements with each other. For example, each antenna element at a transmitting device may correspond to a corresponding antenna element at a receiving device. One or both of these devices can rotate the corresponding antenna panels around a center point or common axis so that the angular offset between one or more first antenna elements at the receiving device and one or more corresponding second antenna elements at the transmitting device is less than a threshold offset. The devices can exchange one or more second reference signals to determine the angle of each antenna element. In some aspects, the devices can exchange second alignment feedback information to assist in aligning the antenna elements. The wireless device can thereby execute a panel rotation procedure to adjust the angular rotation of the corresponding antenna panel to align with the antenna panel at the second wireless device, which can improve the reliability and throughput of communications while reducing complexity compared to some other alignment techniques.

[0055] First, aspects of the disclosure are described in the context of wireless communication systems. Additional aspects are described with reference to antenna panel configurations and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams involving rotational alignment of MIMO devices.

[0056] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting rotational alignment of MIMO devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies (including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein).

[0057] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100, and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other names. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0058] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or both stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices such as Figure 1 Communicating with other UEs 115 or network entities 105 as shown.

[0059] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as a network node. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0060] In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3 or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) via the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, the midhaul communication links 162 or the fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), and other examples or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0061] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0062] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0063] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible, and different functionalities may be supported depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165, such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack, and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DUs 165 and RUs 170, such that the DUs 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RUs 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DUs 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by the other of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 communicating over these communication links.

[0064] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a coupled IAB donor's DU 165. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0065] For example, an access network (AN) or RAN may include an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), communications between an IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connectivity between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, the IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), wherein the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and the IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link) and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link).

[0066] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, wireless self-backhaul capabilities, etc.). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay for UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Thus, the IAB-MT entity of the IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for the child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from the parent IAB node 104, and a DU interface (eg, DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for the parent IAB node 104 to signal the child IAB node 104 or the UE 115.

[0067] For example, the IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports child IAB node communications, and may be referred to as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130, and may act as a parent node of the IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB donor may relay transmissions to the UE 115 through the IAB node 104, and may directly signal the UE 115 of the transmissions. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal the IAB node 104 of the communication link establishment via the F1 interface, and the IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to the UE 115) through the DU 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from the IAB node 104 via signaling on the NR Uu interface of the MT to the IAB node 104. Communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 .

[0068] Where the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support rotational alignment of MIMO devices as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0069] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where "device" may also be referred to as other examples such as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, and other examples.

[0070] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples. Figure 1shown.

[0071] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) on one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send", "receive", or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0072] In some examples (such as in a carrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be located according to a channel raster for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in a stand-alone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be performed by UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-stand-alone mode, in which case the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., a different carrier of the same or different radio access technology).

[0073] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, among other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communications or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink communications and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0074] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for a carrier of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). A device of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication on a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communication on one of the carrier bandwidths in the set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communication via carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate on a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0075] The signal waveform transmitted through the carrier wave may be composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that the more resource elements a device receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate of the device may be. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers, beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may improve the data rate or data integrity of communications with UE 115.

[0076] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, where the numerologies may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefixes. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications of a UE 115 may be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0077] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., in the range of 0 to 1023).

[0078] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, the frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix added before each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into multiple micro time slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may include one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating band.

[0079] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0080] Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. Physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier using, for example, one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth or a subset of a system bandwidth of a carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of the control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0081] The network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with the network entity 105 (e.g., on a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other) used to distinguish adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) within which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105, such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be or may include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, among other examples.

[0082] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider that supports the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a lower power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower power base station 140) (compared to a macro cell), and the small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency band as the macro cell. A small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with a small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or more cells, and may also use one or more component carriers to support communications on one or more cells.

[0083] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0084] In some examples, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile geographic coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for respective coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0085] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the network entities 105 may have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous operation or asynchronous operation.

[0086] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that utilizes the information or presents the information to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, health care monitoring, field survival monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0087] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ a reduced power consumption mode of operation, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not support concurrent transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power saving techniques for UE 115 include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communications, operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0088] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0089] In some examples, a UE 115 may be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communications may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications as configured or scheduled by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0090] In some systems, the D2D communication link 135 can be an example of a communication channel (such as a sidelink communication channel) between vehicles (e.g., UE 115). In some examples, the vehicles can communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or some combination of these items. The vehicles can signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency situations, or any other information related to the V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in the V2X system can communicate with roadside infrastructure (such as roadside units), or communicate with the network using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entity 105, base station 140, RU 170), or both.

[0091] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to an IP service 150 for one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0092] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength ranges from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter distances (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0093] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using a frequency band from 3 GHz to 30 GHz (also known as a centimeter band) or in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of a spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) (also known as a millimeter band). In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UE 115 and a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), and the EHF antenna of the corresponding device may be smaller and closer than the UHF antenna. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be affected by greater atmospheric attenuation and a shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be adopted across transmissions using one or more different frequency regions, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency regions may vary by country or regulatory agency.

[0094] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed RF spectrum bands and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in unlicensed bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in an unlicensed RF spectrum band, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in an unlicensed band may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with a component carrier (e.g., LAA) operating in a licensed band. Operations in an unlicensed spectrum may include other examples such as downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions.

[0095] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, MIMO communication or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located in different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may have an antenna array having a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0096] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to utilize multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by sending or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such a technology may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may be sent, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals may be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technology includes single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to the same receiving device, and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to multiple devices.

[0097] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating at a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals communicated via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation).

[0098] The network entity 105 or the UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140, the RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with the UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be sent multiple times by the network entity 105 along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may send signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device such as the network entity 105, or by a receiving device such as the UE 115) beam directions for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0099] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be sent by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device, such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, a beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals sent along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals sent by network entity 105 along different directions, and may report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0100] In some examples, transmission by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured beam set across a system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may send a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may be precoded or unprecoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-faceted codebook, a linear combination codebook, a port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), UE 115 may use similar techniques to send signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115), or to send signals along a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0101] When receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105), the receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform receiving operations (e.g., directional listening) according to multiple receiving configurations. For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple receiving directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receiving beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing the received signals according to different receiving beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0102] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate through logical channels. The MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC protocol layer may provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection that supports a radio bearer for user plane data between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130. At the PHY layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

[0103] UE 115 and network entity 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the possibility of successfully receiving data. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is a technology for increasing the possibility of correctly receiving data through a communication link (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve the throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, a device may support simultaneous slot HARQ feedback, wherein the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received in a previous symbol in the time slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or according to some other time interval.

[0104] In some aspects, two wireless devices in the wireless communication system 100 may dynamically adjust or modify the angular rotation of the corresponding antenna panels at the devices to align the antenna panels to achieve efficient and reliable wireless communication. The techniques described herein may be implemented by a first wireless device and a second wireless device to align / compensate for misalignment between a first antenna panel at the first wireless device and a second antenna panel at the second wireless device. The first wireless device and the second wireless device may represent examples of any type of wireless devices described herein. Thus, the techniques described herein may be applied to UE-to-UE, network entity-to-network entity, UE-to-network entity, or network entity-to-UE antenna panel alignment / compensation between a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, or both.

[0105] The first wireless device and the second wireless device may communicate signaling, such as one or more capability messages, indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device supports panel rotation capability. That is, each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device may be able to rotate the plane of the corresponding antenna panel around the center point of the antenna panel. In some aspects, the first wireless device and the second wireless device may exchange panel rotation procedure configurations for performing the panel rotation procedure. The second wireless device may send a reference signal using a center antenna element of a second antenna panel at the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

[0106] The first wireless device may receive a reference signal via two antenna elements of a first antenna panel at the first wireless device. The two antenna elements may be referred to herein as an antenna element pair. The first wireless device may adjust an angular rotation of the first antenna panel to modify a respective distance between each of the two antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of a second antenna panel at the second wireless device. The first wireless device may send a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel. For example, the alignment feedback information may indicate whether the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel are aligned or misaligned.

[0107] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 200 may be implemented as shown in FIG. Figure 1 Various aspects of the wireless communication system 100 described herein may be implemented by various aspects of the wireless communication system. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a network entity 105-a and a UE 115-a, which may be represented as shown in FIG. Figure 1 Depicted examples of network entity 105 and UE 115. Network entity 105-a may be within geographic coverage area 110-a and communicate with UE 115-a via communication link 215 (eg, Uu link).

[0108] As discussed herein, the wireless communication system 200 may be configured to support one or more LoS-MIMO schemes, such as OAM, to increase throughput over short-range LoS deployment scenarios. These deployment scenarios may include installing, establishing, or otherwise configuring antenna panels 220 at two or more wireless devices (such as UE 115-a, network entity 105-a, or one or more other types of devices) such that each antenna panel 220 is coplanar with respect to another antenna panel 220. In some aspects, the antenna panel 220 at the transmitting device may be referred to as a transmitting antenna panel 220, and the antenna panel 220 at the receiving device may be referred to as a receiving antenna panel 220.

[0109] The antenna panel 220 may represent an example of an antenna array, or the antenna panel 220 may include multiple antenna arrays, or both. For example, each antenna panel 220 may include an array of one or more antenna elements. Each antenna panel 220 may have a circular shape (e.g., for OAM), a rectangular shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape, and other examples. The antenna elements of the antenna panel 220 may be arranged around a central antenna element or a center point (e.g., a centroid) of the antenna panel 220 (e.g., along the boundary of the shape, within the shape, or both). The antenna elements may be arranged on a plane or a surface of a plane of the antenna panel (e.g., a two-dimensional shape). The alignment of the receiving plane with the transmitting plane (e.g., the alignment of the surfaces of the planes of the antenna panel 220-a and the antenna panel 220-b) may be relatively important for the LoS MIMO scheme, regardless of whether OAM (e.g., concentric circles) or a rectangular antenna array is used. Without such alignment, the modes in OAM and LoS-MIMO may lose orthogonality relative to each other, thereby interrupting communication.

[0110] Misalignment of a first antenna panel 220 at a first device and a second antenna panel 220 at a second device may be relatively common (at least initially), and thus an alignment procedure may be necessary prior to establishing a communication session between the first device (e.g., UE 115-a) and the second device (e.g., network entity 105-a). Misalignment in some scenarios may include linear offsets (e.g., linear off-axis), in which the face of the plane of the antenna array may be offset along the z-axis, as well as rotational offsets, in which the face of the plane of the antenna array may be rotated about the z-axis or the face of the plane of one antenna panel 220 may be tilted or otherwise tilted such that the face of the plane is not parallel to the face of the plane of the other antenna panel 220. Thus, various degrees of freedom may exist in the misalignment of the antenna panels 220 corresponding to either the linear axis or the rotational offset, or both. In the presence of such misalignment, the transformation matrix may include multiple variables tangled together, which may make it relatively difficult to analyze or correct (or both) the misalignment between the first antenna panel 220 and the second antenna panel 220. Examples of such misalignment are illustrated and described in further detail with reference to FIGS. 3-5 .

[0111] In some cases, one or more wireless devices may be deployed or installed with a stationary antenna panel 220. In such cases, the antenna panel 220 may be installed so that the plane of the transmit antenna panel 220 is coplanar with respect to the plane of the receive antenna panel 220 along the Z axis, and is rotated so that each antenna element is aligned with the corresponding antenna element of the receive antenna panel 220 along the X axis and the Y axis (e.g., similarly rotated about the Z axis). This may support Fresnel diffraction, which may be critical to the presence of multiple channels supporting MIMO communications with LoS. In some cases, if the antenna panel 220 is stationary at the first device, but the antenna panel 220 is adjustable by a second device that communicates with the first device, the second device may physically adjust the linear position and orientation of the antenna panel 220 at the second device to align with the plane of the antenna panel 220 at the first device, which may result in relatively high complexity and overhead. Since the antenna panel 220 at the first device is fixed, position adjustment by the second device may be necessary.

[0112] The techniques, systems, and devices described herein allow the antenna panels 220 at the transmitting and receiving devices to be installed, configured, adjusted, and / or deployed such that the first device can use an angle adjustment to align the plane of the corresponding antenna panel 220 with the plane of the second antenna panel 220 at the second device with which the first device is to communicate (e.g., thereby avoiding the application of a physical or linear adjustment). The wireless devices described herein may support a dynamic panel rotation adjustment procedure. For example, the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may each support a panel rotation adjustment capability, which may correspond to the ability to adjust the rotation angle of the antenna panel 220 at the corresponding device around one or more axes or center points of the antenna panel 220. By performing such an angle adjustment, the device can avoid shifting the center point or axis of the antenna panel 220 in a linear direction.

[0113] In the example of FIG. 3 , the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may each be equipped with an antenna panel 220-a and an antenna panel 220-b, respectively. The UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may initiate wireless communication (e.g., LoS-MIMO communication) via a communication link 215 using the antenna panels 220-a and 220-b. In some aspects, the plane of the antenna panel 220-a at the network entity 105-a may be misaligned with the plane of the antenna panel 220-b at the UE 115-a. Therefore, the device may adjust the angular rotation of one or both of the antenna panels 220 to achieve reliable and efficient LoS-MIMO communication. In some aspects, the devices may exchange one or more messages or signals indicating the misalignment between the antenna panels 220.

[0114] As described herein, devices may exchange signaling to indicate panel rotation capabilities. For example, UE 115-a may send a first capability message 225 and network entity 105-a may send a second capability message 225. Once the devices realize that both devices are capable of adjusting the angular rotation of the plane of antenna panel 220 around the center point of antenna panel 220, the devices may communicate a panel rotation procedure configuration 230 to initiate a panel rotation procedure to align the antenna panel. In some aspects, panel rotation procedure configuration 230 may be sent by one of the devices (e.g., a transmitting device), or each device may send a respective panel rotation procedure configuration 230. Panel rotation procedure configuration 230 may be sent via a control message, such as an RRC message, a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE), a downlink control information (DCI), an uplink control information (UCI), a sidelink control information (SCI) (e.g., if exchanged between two UEs 115), or some other type of control message or control signaling.

[0115] The panel rotation procedure configuration 230 may indicate a misalignment between the antenna panels 220, may initiate a panel rotation procedure, or both. Additionally or alternatively, the panel rotation procedure configuration 230 may indicate scheduling information for scheduling one or more reference signals 235 associated with the panel rotation procedure. For example, the network entity 105-a may send a configuration message to the UE 115-a that includes scheduling information 235 for at least a first reference signal in the panel rotation procedure configuration 230. The network entity 105-a may then send the first reference signal 235 from the center antenna element of the antenna panel 220-a to the UE 115-a based on the scheduling information indicated via the panel rotation procedure configuration 230. The UE 115-a may receive the first reference signal 235 at two or more antenna elements of the antenna panel 220-b based on the panel rotation procedure configuration 230.

[0116] To perform the panel rotation procedure, the UE 115-a adjusts the angular rotation of the plane of the antenna panel 220-b based on the measurement of the first reference signal 235 to modify the corresponding distance between each of the two or more antenna elements relative to the center antenna element of the antenna panel 220-a at the network entity 105-a. In some aspects, the UE 115-a may obtain measurements of each reference signal 235 at a corresponding antenna element pair of the antenna panel 220-b. Each antenna element pair may include a first antenna element and a second antenna element, which may be located on an axis of the plane of the antenna panel 220-b such that the axis may intersect the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the centroid of the antenna panel. In some aspects (e.g., if the antenna panel 220-b is circular), the distance between the first antenna element and the second antenna element in a given antenna element pair may be greater than the distance between the first antenna element and any other antenna element on the antenna panel 220-b.

[0117] The measurement of the reference signal 235 may include a phase measurement of the reference signal 235 at the corresponding antenna elements. For example, the UE 115-a may measure a first phase of the reference signal 235 at a first antenna element in the antenna element pair, and measure a second phase of the first reference signal 235 at a second antenna element in the antenna element pair. The UE 115-a may calculate a phase difference between the first phase measurement at the first antenna element and the second phase measurement at the second antenna element. The UE 115-a may use the phase difference to adjust the angular rotation of the plane of the antenna panel 220-b. For example, the phase difference may indicate a difference between two corresponding distances between the first antenna element and the second antenna element and the center antenna element of the antenna panel 220-a at the network entity 105-a. That is, the UE 115-a may adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 220-a to make the two corresponding distances equal. An algorithm for reducing the corresponding distances between antenna element pairs is further described in detail elsewhere herein, including with reference to FIG. 4.

[0118] UE 115-a may send a feedback message 240 including alignment feedback information based on adjusting the rotation angle of antenna panel 220-b. Feedback message 240 may include positive or negative alignment feedback information indicating that antenna panel 220-b is aligned with antenna panel 220-a or is not aligned with antenna panel 220-a, respectively. In some aspects, UE 115-a may indicate a relative phase difference between antenna element pairs, or indicate whether the relative phase difference satisfies a threshold (e.g., whether the antenna elements of the antenna element pair are aligned), via the alignment feedback information.

[0119] Positive alignment feedback information may indicate that the plane of the antenna panel 220-b is aligned with (e.g., perpendicular to) a common axis that intersects the center of mass of the antenna panel 220-a at the network entity 105-a and the center of mass of the antenna panel 220-b at the UE 115-a. Negative alignment feedback information may indicate that the plane of the antenna panel 220-b is not aligned with (e.g., perpendicular to) the common axis. If the network entity 105-a receives the positive alignment feedback information, the network entity 105-a may send one or more second reference signals 235 to assist in further adjustment of the antenna panel 220-b. The UE 115-a may adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 220-b based on measurements of the second reference signals 235 at the antenna element pairs to further modify the corresponding distances between the antenna elements and the center antenna element of the antenna panel 220-a.

[0120] In some aspects, the UE 115-a may send alignment feedback information in response to each reference signal 235 received from the network entity 105-a. For example, each time the UE 115-a adjusts the rotation angle of the antenna panel 220-b based on the relative phase measurement of the reference signal 235 at the antenna element pair, the UE 115-a may send a feedback message 240. In such a case, the alignment feedback information may indicate the alignment of the plane of the antenna panel 220-b relative to the axis intersecting the antenna element pair. For example, if the relative phase difference between the antenna element pair is greater than a threshold, the UE 115-a may determine that the corresponding distances between each of the antenna elements in the pair and the center antenna element of the antenna panel 220-a are not the same, and the axis is not aligned. The UE 115-a may send negative alignment feedback information to request additional reference signals 235 for adjusting the rotation angle of the antenna panel 220-b relative to the axis until the axis is aligned, at which point the UE 115-a may begin adjusting the antenna panel 220-b relative to the second axis.

[0121] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115-a may send the feedback message 240 after a certain number of two or more reference signals 235 and corresponding adjustments, after two or more axes of the antenna panel 220-b are perpendicular to the common axis, or both. The UE 115-a may thereby perform a panel rotation procedure based on measurements of one or more reference signals 235 to align the antenna panel 220-b with the common axis.

[0122] The network entity 105-a may perform a similar panel rotation procedure before, after, or simultaneously with the UE 115-a performing the panel rotation procedure. For example, the UE 115-a may transmit one or more reference signals 235 from a center antenna element of an antenna panel 220-b at the UE 115-a. In some aspects, the UE 115-a may transmit a panel rotation procedure configuration 230 that schedules the one or more reference signals 235, or the one or more reference signals 235 transmitted by the UE 115-a may be configured based on the panel rotation procedure configuration 230 transmitted by the network entity 105-a.

[0123] The network entity 105-a may receive the reference signal 235 and adjust the angular rotation of the plane of the antenna panel 220-a based on the measurement of the reference signal at one or more antenna element pairs of the antenna panel 220-a. The network entity 105-a may send a feedback message 240 to the UE 115-a based on the panel rotation procedure to indicate positive or negative alignment feedback information. Because the reference signal 235 is sent by the central antenna element and received at one or more non-central antenna elements of each antenna panel 220, in some aspects, the device may at least partially perform the panel rotation procedure concurrently. Additionally or alternatively, the device may perform the panel rotation procedure in a sequential order. For example, the UE 115-a may adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 220-b, and once the antenna panel 220-b is aligned (e.g., after receiving positive alignment feedback information), the network entity 105-a may then adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 220-a, or vice versa.

[0124] In some aspects, after both the antenna panel 220-a and the antenna panel 220-b are aligned (e.g., perpendicular to a common axis), the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may further align the corresponding antenna elements of the antenna panel 220. For example, the UE 115-a, the network entity 105-a, or both may rotate the planes of the respective antenna panels 220 about the common axis to align the corresponding antenna elements, as described in further detail with reference to FIG. 5. The devices may align the corresponding antenna elements based on measurements of a previously transmitted reference signal 235, based on measurements of one or more additional reference signals 235, or both. In some aspects, the devices may exchange one or more additional feedback messages 240 that include additional alignment feedback information indicating the results of the alignment between the corresponding antenna elements.

[0125] The techniques described herein may thus be implemented by UE 115-a and network entity 105-a to align antenna panel 220-a and antenna panel 220-b / compensate for misalignment therebetween. Compared to other alignment techniques where physical or linear adjustment of antenna panel 220 may be required, the described techniques may provide improved reliability and throughput while reducing complexity. Figure 2 2 is illustrated as performing a panel rotation procedure, but it should be understood that the techniques described herein may be applied by any combination of wireless devices equipped with the antenna panel 220. For example, the described techniques may be applied to UE-to-UE (e.g., V2X, sidelink), network entity-to-network entity (e.g., backhaul), UE-to-network entity, or network entity-to-UE (e.g., Uu) communications, or any combination thereof. Figure 6 Further details of the alignment between antenna panels 220 are described.

[0126] Figure 3A and Figure 3B An example of an antenna panel configuration 300 that supports rotational alignment of a MIMO device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some aspects, the antenna panel configuration 300 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 200. In this example, the antenna panel configuration 300 can include a first antenna panel 305 associated with a first device (e.g., a receiving device) and a second antenna panel 310 associated with a second device (e.g., a transmitting device). The first device and the second device can represent as shown in reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of wireless devices described. For example, each of the first device and the second device may represent an example of a UE, a base station, a RU, a DU, a CU, an IAB node, or some other device.

[0127] The first antenna panel 305 and the second antenna panel 310 may each include one or more antenna elements 315. Figure 3A and Figure 3B In the example of FIG. 1 , the first antenna panel 305 at the first device may include at least four antenna elements 315-a, 315-b, 315-c, and 315-d. The second antenna panel 310 at the second device may include at least one antenna element 315-e, which may be located at or near the center of mass of the antenna panel 310. The antenna element 315-e may be referred to herein as the center antenna element 315-e. Although in FIG. Figure 3A and Figure 3BMidspan antenna panels 305 and 310 illustrate five antenna elements 315, but it should be understood that first antenna panel 305 and second antenna panel 310 may each include any number of one or more antenna elements 315 that may be located anywhere within or on the respective antenna panels.

[0128] The first antenna panel 305 and the second antenna panel 310 may be antenna panels of any shape. In addition to the circular antenna panels 305 and 310, Figure 3A and Figure 3B An example of a rectangular antenna panel is also illustrated in Additionally or alternatively, the antenna elements 315 of the antenna panel may be arranged in any other shape, such as an ellipse, a square, a triangle, a spiral, or some other shape.

[0129] As reference Figure 2 As described, the devices may use antenna elements 315 to perform LoS MIMO communications. However, misalignment between the first antenna panel 305 and the second antenna panel 310 may reduce reliability and increase complexity of LoS MIMO communications. The misalignment may include a linear offset, one or more rotational offsets or angular offsets, or both, between the antenna panel 305 and the antenna panel 310. For example, a transmission from a center antenna element 315-e of the second antenna panel 310 may not be aligned with a corresponding center antenna element 315 of the first antenna panel 305. One or more other transmissions between corresponding antenna element 315 pairs at the first device and the second device may also not be aligned.

[0130] exist Figure 3A An example of such misalignment is illustrated in antenna panel configuration 300-a of FIG. Each of antenna panel 305 and antenna panel 310 may include a face corresponding to a respective plane of a respective coordinate system. In this example, antenna panel 305 may initially be aligned according to Figure 3A The X', Y' and Z' coordinate system shown in is oriented so that the plane of the antenna panel 305 can extend in the X' and Y' axes and can be perpendicular to the Z' axis. The antenna panel 310 can initially be based on Figure 3A , so that the face of the plane of the antenna panel 310 may extend in the X`` and Y`` axes and may be perpendicular to the Z`` axis. One or more of the X``, Y``, and Z`` axes of the face of the plane of the second antenna panel 310 may be misaligned with the X``, Y``, and Z`` axes of the face of the plane of the first antenna panel 305 (e.g., not parallel to these axes, having a non-zero angular offset from these axes).

[0131] exist Figure 3AIn the example of , the misalignment between the Y' axis and the Y" axis may be shown by the difference between the respective distances 320-a and 320-b between the pair of antenna elements 315-a and 315-b positioned on the Y' axis relative to the center antenna element 315-e of the second antenna panel 310. For example, a first distance 320-c between the antenna element 315-a and the center antenna element 315-e may be different from a second distance 320-d between the antenna element 315-b and the center antenna element 315-e. The difference may indicate that the Y' axis of the first antenna panel 305 and the Y" axis of the second antenna panel 310 are misaligned.

[0132] The techniques described herein allow the first device and the second device to dynamically adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 305 and the antenna panel 310, respectively, so that the antenna panel 305 and the antenna panel 310 are aligned according to the same coordinate system (e.g., or at least according to coordinate systems within a threshold angular offset of each other). Figure 2 As described, the first device and the second device may each support a panel rotation capability to adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel around one or more axes intersecting the center point of the antenna panel. The device may utilize the panel rotation capability to perform a panel rotation procedure to align the respective planes of the first antenna panel 305 and the second antenna panel 310.

[0133] To perform the panel rotation procedure described herein, the first device, the second device, or both may find a line connecting the centers of the transmit and receive planes (e.g., the centroid, center point, or center antenna element 315). This line may be used as the Z axis of a common coordinate system 325 between the antenna panels at the two devices. In some aspects, rectangular coordinates may be used for the panel rotation algorithm, but the results may be applicable to OAM and polar coordinates. Figure 3A In the example of FIG. 1 , the common Z axis may intersect the central antenna element 315-e of the second antenna panel 310 at the second device and the central antenna element 315 of the first antenna panel 305 at the first device (not shown). Figure 3A ). The alignment methods described herein (e.g., antenna panel rotation procedures) may include rotating the transmit antenna panel 310 and the receive antenna panel 305 so that they are both perpendicular to the Z axis. After performing the panel rotation procedure, the antenna panel 305 and the antenna panel 310 may be aligned. That is, the plane of the antenna panel 310 and the plane of the antenna panel 305 may both extend on a common X-axis and a Y-axis, and may both be perpendicular to a common Z axis.

[0134] In some aspects, the angular rotation of the antenna panel at each device may occur in one or more stages (e.g., portions, stages, or steps). For example, the device may adjust the angular rotation of the plane of the antenna panel relative to a first axis (e.g., the Y' axis) in a first stage of the panel rotation procedure, and the device may adjust the angular rotation of the plane of the antenna panel relative to a second axis (e.g., the X' axis) in a second stage of the panel rotation procedure, the second stage being temporally subsequent to the first stage, temporally prior to the first stage, temporally at least partially overlapping with the first stage, or any combination thereof. To align a given axis with the common coordinate system 325, the device may equalize respective distances between pairs of antenna elements 315 positioned on that axis.

[0135] Figure 3B An antenna panel configuration 300-b is illustrated in which the antenna panel 305 is rotated about at least the X' axis during a panel rotation procedure. Figure 3B As shown, the first device may adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 305 about the X' axis (which may be the same as or different from the X axis of the common coordinate system 325) to modify the respective distances 320 between each antenna element 315 in the pair of antenna elements 315-a and 315-b positioned on the Y' axis relative to the center antenna element 315-e of the second antenna panel 310. For example, the first device may adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 305 about the X' axis until the difference between a first distance 320-c between the antenna element 315-a and the center antenna element 315-e and a second distance 320-d between the antenna element 315-b and the center antenna element 315-e is less than a threshold difference (e.g., the distances 320-c and 320-d are equal).

[0136] Panel rotation may be based on measurements of relative phase at one or more pairs of transmit and receive antenna elements 315. For example, as referenced Figure 2 As described, the first device and the second device may exchange one or more reference signals to facilitate the panel rotation procedure. The reference signal may be sent from a center transmit antenna element 315-e at the second device (e.g., the transmit device in the example of FIG. 3 ), and the first device (e.g., the receive device in the example of FIG. 3 ) may perform channel estimation at one or more antenna element 315 pairs based on the reference signal.

[0137] The first device may receive a reference signal at a pair of antenna element 315-a and antenna element 315-b on the Y' axis. In some aspects, the first device may receive the reference signal at one or more other antenna elements 315, but the first device may avoid processing or measuring the reference signal at one or more other antenna elements 315. The first device may perform channel estimation at antenna element 315-a and antenna element 315-b to estimate a relative phase difference between a first phase at antenna element 315-a and a second phase at antenna element 315-b. The first device may adjust an angular rotation of the antenna panel 305 about the X' axis based on the relative phase to ensure that the difference between the modified distances 320-c and 320-d is less than a threshold. Reference Figure 4B An algorithm is described for executing a panel rotation procedure to rotate the antenna panel 305 about one or more axes.

[0138] The first device can thereby adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 305 about the X' axis based on measurements of reference signals at one or more antenna element 315 pairs (such as antenna elements 315-a and 315-b) located or positioned on the Y' axis. The first device can send alignment feedback information to indicate whether the rotation about the X' axis was successful. For example, the alignment feedback information can indicate whether the relative phase difference between the first phase at antenna element 315-a and the second phase at antenna element 315-b meets a threshold. Reference Figure 4A and Figure 4B An algorithm for aligning the antenna panel 305 relative to one or more axes is described.

[0139] Figure 4A and Figure 4B An example of an antenna panel configuration 400 that supports rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the antenna panel configuration 400 may be implemented as described in reference Figure 1 3 or the aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 or the antenna panel configuration 300 described above. In this example, the antenna panel configuration 400 may include a first antenna panel 405 associated with a first device (e.g., a receiving device) and a second antenna panel 410 associated with a second device (e.g., a transmitting device). The first device and the second device may represent as shown in FIG. Figure 1 3. For example, each of the first device and the second device may represent an example of a UE, a base station, a RU, a DU, a CU, an IAB node, or some other device.

[0140] Antenna panel configurations 400-a and 400-b illustrate reference numerals from different angles and at the same or different points in time. Figure 3A and Figure 3BFor example, the first antenna panel 405 and the second antenna panel 410 may correspond to the first antenna panel 305 and the second antenna panel 310, respectively, and the common coordinate system 425 may similarly correspond to Figure 3A and Figure 3B From the perspective shown in antenna panel configurations 400-a and 400-b, the Y axis of the common coordinate system 425 may point out of the page (e.g., relative to Figure 3A and Figure 3B Bird's-eye view).

[0141] As reference Figure 3A and Figure 3B As described, each of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel may include one or more antenna elements 415. The first antenna panel 405 at the first device may include at least four antenna elements 415-a, 415-b, 415-c, and 415-d. The second antenna panel 410 at the second device may include at least one central antenna element 415-e, which may be located at or near the centroid of the antenna panel 410 and one or more other non-central antenna elements 415 (not shown in FIG. 4).

[0142] Figure 4A The antenna panel configuration 400-a of FIG. 4 illustrates an example of misalignment between antenna panel 405 and antenna panel 410. In this example, antenna panel 405 may initially be aligned according to Figure 4A 4 , and the like, so that the plane of the antenna panel 405 may extend in the X' and Y' axes and may be perpendicular to the Z' axis. The antenna panel 410 may initially be arranged according to Figure 4A 4 for clarity), and Z`` coordinate systems shown in , such that the plane of the plane of the antenna panel 410 may extend in the X`` and Y`` axes and may be perpendicular to the Z`` axis. One or more of the X``, Y``, and Z`` axes of the plane of the plane of the second antenna panel 410 may be misaligned with the X``, Y``, and Z`` axes of the plane of the first antenna panel 405 (e.g., not parallel to these axes, having a non-zero angular offset from these axes). In some aspects, the X``, Y``, and Z`` coordinate systems and the X``, Y``, and Z`` coordinate systems may each represent a reference before the antenna panel 305 is rotated. Figure 3A Examples of corresponding coordinate systems described.

[0143] like Figure 4AAs shown, the first distance 420-a between antenna element 415-c and the center antenna element 415-e may be different from the second distance 420-b between antenna element 415-d and the center antenna element 415-e. Antenna element 415-c and antenna element 415-d may both be positioned or located on the x-axis of antenna panel 305 and may correspond to an antenna element pair, as shown in reference Figure 2 and Figure 3. Therefore, in Figure 4A In the example of , the X′ axis of the planar surface of the antenna panel 405 may not be aligned with the X axis of the common coordinate system 425.

[0144] Figure 4B The antenna panel configuration 400-b is illustrated after the first device adjusts the angular rotation of the first antenna panel 405 about the Y' axis (which may be the same as or different from the Y axis of the common coordinate system 425) to modify the distances 420-a and 420-b. After the antenna panel 405 is rotated about the Y' axis, the first distance 420-a may be adjusted to the distance 420-c and the second distance 420-b may be adjusted to the distance 420-d. The distances 420-c and 420-d may be the same (e.g., the distances 420-c and 420-d are equal), or in some aspects, the difference between the distances 420-c and 420-d may be less than the threshold difference.

[0145] Panel rotation may be based on measurements of relative phase at one or more transmit and receive antenna elements 415. For example, as referenced Figure 2 As described, the first device and the second device may exchange one or more reference signals to facilitate the panel rotation procedure. The reference signal may be sent from a center transmit antenna element 415-e at the second device (e.g., the transmit device in the example of FIG. 4 ), and the first device (e.g., the receive device in the example of FIG. 4 ) may perform channel estimation at one or more antenna element 415 pairs based on the reference signal.

[0146] The first device may receive a reference signal sent from the center antenna element 415-e at antenna element 415-c and antenna element 415-d (e.g., an antenna element pair). In some aspects, the first device may receive the reference signal at one or more other antenna elements 415, but the first device may avoid processing or measuring the reference signal at one or more other antenna elements 415. The first device may perform channel estimation at antenna element 415-a and antenna element 415-d to estimate a relative phase difference between a first phase at antenna element 415-c and a second phase at antenna element 415-d. The first device may adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 405 around the Y' axis based on the relative phase to ensure that the difference between the distances 420-c and 420-d is less than a threshold.

[0147] The first device may utilize one or more algorithms to perform the described panel rotation about both the X' and Y' axes, such as Figure 3B and Figure 4B As shown respectively. In some aspects, rectangular coordinates may be used for the algorithm, but the results may be easily applicable to OAM and polar coordinates. The coordinates for the receiving plane (e.g., for the first antenna panel 405) may have their origins at (0,0,Z0) and (-γ,-β,-α) relative to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the common coordinate system 425, where γ may represent an angular rotation around the X-axis, β may represent an angular rotation around the Y-axis, and α may represent an angular rotation around the Z-axis.

[0148] With respect to the coordinate transformation (eg, with respect to the rotation matrix), a point with coordinates (x′, y′, 0) in the receiving plane may have its coordinates in the common coordinate system 425 according to the following equation 1:

[0149]

[0150] In the direct solution method of estimating / adjusting for misalignment, the coordinates X0, Y0, Z0, γ, β, α leave six unknown variables to be solved, which may be difficult to solve given the given degrees of freedom between the antenna arrays. However, if the reference signal is transmitted by the center antenna element 415-e of the transmit antenna panel 410, and the first device measures (d′ X ,0) and (-d′ X ,0) and the relative phase between the received reference signals at (d′ Y ,0) and (-d′ Y ,0), the angles β and γ can be solved.

[0151] The distance from the center antenna element 415-e to the receiving plane position (d') can be solved according to the following equation 2 X ,0) (e.g., Figure 4A and Figure 4B The distance 420-a and 420-c between the center antenna element 415-e and the antenna element 415-d in FIG. 4 can be solved according to the following equation 3: X ,0) (e.g., Figure 4A and Figure 4B The distances 420-b and 420-d between the center antenna element 415-e and the antenna element 415-c in FIG.

[0152]

[0153] Similarly, the distance from the center antenna element 315 - e to the receiving plane position (0, d′) can be solved according to the following equation 4: Y ) distance (for example, Figure 3A and Figure 3B The distances 320-a and 320-c between the center antenna element 315-e and the antenna element 315-a in FIG. 5 can be solved according to the following equation 5: Y ) distance (for example, Figure 3A and Figure 3B The distances 320-b and 320-d between the center antenna element 315-e and the antenna element 315-b in FIG.

[0154]

[0155] Assuming that the coordinates of the receiving plane of the antenna panel 405 have origins at (0, 0, Z0) and (-γ, -β, -α) relative to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the common coordinate system 425, the difference between the distances 420-a and 420-b may therefore be ≈ -2sinβd′ x , and the difference between distances 320 - a and 320 - b may therefore be ≈2cosβsinγd′ y .

[0156] Therefore, the first device may rotate the receiving panel relative to the Y' axis until β = 0, and the first device may rotate the receiving antenna panel relative to the X' axis until γ = 0. For example, the first device may rotate the receiving antenna panel 405 relative to the Y' axis until (d' X ,0) to the receiving antenna element 415-d. The distance 420-a is equal to (-d′ X ,0) (e.g., β=0) to the receiving antenna element 415-c, or within a threshold difference in distance 420-b, such as Figure 4B In the second stage of the panel rotation procedure, the first device may rotate the receiving antenna panel 305 relative to the X' axis until (0, d' Y ) to the receiving antenna element 315-a, the distance 320-a is equal to (0, -d′ Y ) (e.g., γ=0) to the receiving antenna element 315-b or within the threshold difference of the distance 320-b, such as Figure 3B shown.

[0157] Although rotations about the X' and Y' axes are illustrated separately in FIGS. 3 and 4 for clarity, it should be understood that rotations about one or more axes may be performed concurrently or in any order. For example, rotation about the Y' axis may occur before rotation about the X' axis, or vice versa. If the order of rotations in the coordinate transformation is changed (e.g., if Equations 2 and 3 may be solved before Equations 4 and 5), the order of panel rotations may be reversed.

[0158] In the various steps discussed herein, there may be an evaluation (eg, comparison) of the distance, which may be accomplished by comparing the measured phases. For example, the received position (d′ x ,0) and receiving position (-d′ x ,0) can be The phase may have a periodicity of 2π, so phase comparison may be ambiguous in some cases. However, it may be assumed that such ambiguity has been removed based on the techniques discussed herein. For example, one or more methods for phase de-ambiguation are described herein.

[0159] A first approach may include utilizing multiple pairs of antenna elements 415 for each axis such that different distances d′ x The integer 2π may be avoided, which may be referred to as spatial sampling. A second method may include sending a reference signal at multiple frequencies or multiple wavelengths (λ), which may be referred to as frequency sampling. Spatial sampling, frequency sampling, or both may be dense enough to achieve phase deambiguation. For example, the wireless device may base a first phase measurement on an average or median of multiple phase measurements of a first reference signal received across multiple frequencies, across multiple antenna elements 415 of an antenna panel, or both, and base a second phase measurement on an average or median of multiple phase measurements of a second reference signal received across multiple frequencies, across multiple antenna elements 415 of an antenna panel, or both.

[0160] In some aspects, more than one antenna element 415 pair along each axis may be used to calculate and adjust the rotation to reduce phase ambiguity. For example, the first device may use measurements of reference signals at antenna element 415-d and antenna element 415-c (e.g., a first antenna element pair) and measurements of reference signals at a second antenna element 415 pair (not shown in FIG. 4) positioned on the Y' axis to adjust the angular rotation of the antenna panel 405 relative to the Y' axis. In some aspects, the rotation adjustment along each axis may be performed in multiple steps, where each step may have a reduced step size. Adjusting the angular rotation based on measurements at multiple antenna element pairs can improve the reliability and accuracy of the adjustment procedure.

[0161] If a single pair of antenna elements 415 is used, the antenna elements 415 in the pair may be separated as far as possible to improve accuracy. For example, the distance between antenna elements 415-a and 415-d may be greater than or equal to the distance between any two antenna elements 415 on antenna panel 405. In some aspects, adjustments may be performed about more than two axes, including axes that are the same as or different from the X' and Y' axes.

[0162] As also discussed herein, the accuracy of the phase measurement (which is used to estimate the distance between each antenna element) can be improved to improve the reliability of the described techniques. This may include assuming that after coherent integration over time, the signal received at the receive plane from the transmit plane is y = Ae jθ + z, where A can be the signal amplitude and z (z = z r +jz i ) can be noise (z r and z i can be the real part and the imaginary part respectively) and the total variance σ 2 . In some aspects, y=Real(y)+jImag(y)=Acos(θ)+jAsin(θ)+z r +jz i and At relatively high SINR (eg, above a threshold), Equation 6 may be assumed:

[0163]

[0164] Therefore, at relatively high SINR, If tan(θ)→∞, then can be small, but this may not cause any practical problems because the singularity of tan(θ) at θ=π / 2 and θ=3π / 2 can be mitigated. To evaluate (e.g., compare) the two phases at two receive plane elements, the phase difference (which can be accurately estimated) can be approximately Due to the nature of the paraxial approximation, the phase difference may be relatively small. Coherent integration may then be used to improve the SNR. Because beamforming may not be used in this stage, array gain may not be achieved. Phase noise may be mitigated, or incoherent integration may be used to further increase the phase difference estimate (e.g., comparison).

[0165] Thus, the first device or the second device (or both) may determine a noise level of a channel between the first antenna panel 405 and the second antenna panel 410, which may determine, at least to some extent, the phase accuracy of the measurement. In some aspects, the first device or the second device (or both) may compare the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both to a phase tolerance threshold. The device may determine to use the phase measurement for adjusting the angular rotation of the antenna panel based on the phase measurement satisfying the phase tolerance threshold.

[0166] The described technology can be applied to antenna panels of other shapes, such as square antenna panels, elliptical antenna panels, triangular antenna panels, or rectangular antenna panels, as shown in FIG. FIG. 3A to FIG. 4B For example, two or more devices in communication may each be deployed with antenna elements 415 arranged in a rectangular shape on a rectangular antenna panel. In such cases, the devices may perform a similar antenna panel rotation procedure to align the antenna panels. For example, as FIG. 3A to FIG. 4B As shown in the example of a rectangular antenna panel in FIG. 1 , the first device and the second device can adjust the angular positions of the corresponding rectangular panels around the X' axis and the Y' axis to align the corresponding antenna panels. The device can use the algorithm described in Equations 1-5 to perform angular rotation adjustment for antenna panels of any other shape.

[0167] After one device (e.g., one side) of the transmitting and receiving device pair has adjusted the corresponding antenna panel to be perpendicular to the common Z-axis, the same procedure can be applied to the antenna panel at the other device (e.g., the other side) so that both sides can be perpendicular to the Z-axis. For example, after the first device adjusts the angular rotation of the first antenna panel 405 to be perpendicular to the Z-axis, as shown in FIG. Figure 3B and Figure 4B As shown, the second device may perform a similar panel rotation procedure based on equations 1-5 to adjust the angular rotation of the second antenna panel 410 so that the plane of the antenna panel 410 is perpendicular to the Z axis (e.g., as Figure 3B and Figure 4B ).

[0168] It should be understood that the first device and the second device may perform similar antenna panel rotation procedures as described herein at the same or different times and in any order. For example, because the panel rotation procedure is performed using a reference signal transmitted by the center antenna element 415 of one device and received by one or more non-center antenna elements of the other device, the first device and the second device may perform adjustments at least partially concurrently (e.g., the devices may each transmit and receive reference signals at the same time). The devices may exchange alignment feedback information to indicate the status of the alignment procedure (e.g., the relative phase difference between pairs of antenna elements 415), such as the reference signal. Figure 2 described.

[0169] In some aspects, alignment of the X-axis and Y-axis may be subsequently applied if desired. For example, after aligning the plane of one or both of the antenna panels 405 and 410 to be perpendicular to the common axis, the first device, the second device, or both may further adjust the alignment of the plane of the respective antenna panel by rotating the antenna panel about the common axis (e.g., the Z-axis of the common coordinate system 425) in the third stage of the panel rotation procedure. The rotation of the antenna panel about the common axis may eliminate the offset of the X-axis and Y-axis by minimizing the distance between the corresponding antenna pairs at each device, as described in further detail elsewhere herein, including with reference to FIG. 5.

[0170] Figure 5A and Figure 5B An example of an antenna panel configuration 500 that supports rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some aspects, the antenna panel configuration 500 may implement the Figure 1 4. In this example, the antenna panel configuration 500 may include a first antenna panel 505 associated with a first device (e.g., a receiving device) and a second antenna panel 510 associated with a second device (e.g., a transmitting device). The first device and the second device may represent the same as in the example of FIG. Figure 1 4. For example, each of the first device and the second device may represent an example of a UE, a base station, a RU, a DU, a CU, an IAB node, or some other device.

[0171] Each of the antenna panel 505 and the antenna panel 510 may include a respective set of one or more antenna elements 515. In some aspects, each antenna element 515 of the antenna panel 510 may correspond to a respective antenna element 515 of the antenna panel 505, or vice versa. In the example of FIG. 5 , the correspondence between the antenna elements 515 at different devices may be illustrated by the respective shapes of the antenna elements 515. For example, the antenna elements 515-a of the antenna panel 505 may correspond to the antenna elements 515-e of the antenna panel 510, which may be illustrated as circular antenna elements 515 for clarity. Similarly, the antenna elements 515-b of the antenna panel 505 may correspond to the antenna elements 515-f of the antenna panel 510, which may be illustrated as triangular antenna elements 515 for clarity. The antenna elements 515-c of the antenna panel 505 may correspond to the antenna elements 515-g of the antenna panel 510, which may be illustrated as diamond antenna elements 515 for clarity. Antenna elements 515-d of antenna panel 505 may correspond to antenna elements 515-h of antenna panel 510, which may be illustrated for clarity as square antenna elements 515. It should be understood that the shape of antenna elements 515 shown in FIG5 is for clarity purposes, and that antenna elements 515 of an antenna panel at a wireless device may be of any size or shape.

[0172] Figure 5A An antenna panel configuration 500-a is illustrated, including a first antenna panel 505 and a second antenna panel 510, after the planes of the antenna panels have been aligned according to the techniques described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. For example, the plane of antenna panel 505 may be parallel to the plane of antenna panel 510, and the planes of antenna panels 505 and 510 may both be perpendicular to a Z axis that intersects the centroid of each antenna panel (e.g., γ=β=0). Thus, the respective distances between pairs of antenna elements 515 located on the axis of each antenna panel may be the same. For example, the distance between antenna element 515-e of antenna panel 510 and the centroid of antenna panel 505 may be the same as the distance between antenna element 515-f of antenna panel 510 and the centroid of antenna panel 505.

[0173] In some aspects, after the planes of the two antenna panels are aligned, there may be an angular offset between the X-axis and the Y-axis of the antenna panels, which may be represented by a rotation angle 525 (e.g., α) about the Z-axis. Thus, the techniques described herein allow for the reduction or elimination of the rotation angle 525 once the antenna panels on both sides are perpendicular to the Z-axis. Reducing the rotation angle 525 may or may not be necessary in some scenarios. For example, for some OAM communication scenarios, the antenna elements 515 are arranged in a circle, and an offset like the rotation angle 525 does not affect the mode orthogonality. In some other aspects, the reduction or elimination of the rotation angle 525 may provide further alignment between the antenna panels and the corresponding antenna elements 515, which may improve communication.

[0174] The rotation angle 525 can be reduced based on one or more distance calculations. For example, the distance between corresponding pairs of antenna elements 515 at different devices can be calculated and the distance can be minimized when the rotation angle 525 is zero. The distance calculation can be applied to one or more corresponding pairs of antenna elements across devices and averaged so that the average distance over a set of multiple distances between multiple pairs of antenna elements can be minimized.

[0175] In the example of FIG. 5 , the antenna element 515 - a (which may be located at a receiving position (0, d′) on the antenna panel 505 ) may be calculated according to the following equation 7: Y ,0)) and antenna element 515-e (which can be located at the transmitting position (0,d Y ,0) is the distance d between them.

[0176]

[0177] In order to make the receiving position (0, d′ Y ,0) and send position (0,d Y ,0) is minimized, one of the antenna panels may be rotated along the Z axis in a direction of a smaller distance. For example, one of antenna panel 305 or antenna panel 310 may be rotated about the Z axis in an angular direction that reduces distance d. In some aspects, the direction of the Y' axis may be flipped to keep the rotation of rotation angle 525 below 90 degrees.

[0178] In the example of Figure 5, the first device may rotate the antenna panel 505 in a counterclockwise direction, as indicated by the curved arrow. The first antenna panel 505 may be rotated by an angle equal to the rotation angle 525. Although the antenna panel 505 is rotated in the example of Figure 5, it should be understood that the antenna panel 510 may alternatively be rotated in a clockwise direction by the rotation angle 525, or both the antenna panels 505 and 510 may be rotated by a portion of the rotation angle 525 until the corresponding antenna elements 515 are aligned.

[0179] Figure 5B The antenna panel configuration 500-b is illustrated after the antenna panel 505 is rotated by a rotation angle 525. Figure 5B As shown, each antenna element in the corresponding set of antenna elements 515 can be aligned. For example, antenna element 515-a of antenna panel 505 can be aligned with corresponding antenna element 515-e of antenna panel 510 so that the distance d' between antenna elements 515-a and 515-e is minimized or less than a threshold distance.

[0180] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 600 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200 or the antenna panel configurations 300, 400, or 500. For example, the process flow 600 illustrates communication between a first wireless device 605 and a second wireless device 610, which may be represented as shown in reference Figure 1 5. The first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 may each represent an example of a UE, a base station, a network entity, a RU, a CU, a DU, an IAB node, or any other wireless device.

[0181] In the following description of process flow 600, operations between the first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be excluded from process flow 600, or other operations may be added. Although the first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 are shown as performing the operations of process flow 600, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.

[0182] In some aspects, the first wireless device 605 may be referred to as a receiving device and the second wireless device 610 may be referred to as a transmitting device. The first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 may be equipped with a first antenna panel and a second antenna panel, respectively. Each antenna panel may include a collection of one or more antenna elements arranged around a central antenna element of the antenna panel in a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or some other shape, as shown in reference to Figure 1 As described in Figure 5.

[0183] At 615, the first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 may communicate signaling indicating that each of the first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 has panel rotation capability. To communicate the signaling, the first wireless device 605 may communicate a capability message to the second wireless device 610 indicating that the first wireless device 605 supports panel rotation capability, which may be associated with an ability to adjust an angular rotation of an antenna panel at the first wireless device 605. In some aspects, the second wireless device 610 may send a capability message to the first wireless device 605 to indicate that the second wireless device 610 supports the panel rotation capability.

[0184] At 620, the first wireless device 605 and the second wireless device 610 can communicate the panel rotation procedure configuration based on the panel rotation capability. For example, the second wireless device 610 can send a configuration message to the first wireless device 605 indicating the panel rotation procedure configuration.

[0185] At 625, the second wireless device 610 may transmit the reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device 610. The second wireless device 610 may transmit the reference signal based on a panel rotation schedule configuration. For example, the panel rotation schedule configuration may include scheduling information associated with the reference signal. The first wireless device 605 may receive the reference signal via a first set of two or more antenna elements of a first antenna panel at the first wireless device 605. In some aspects, the first set of two or more antenna elements may be positioned on an axis of the first antenna panel. For example, the first set of two or more antenna elements may include one or more antenna element pairs, such as the reference signal. Figure 2 As described in Figure 5.

[0186] At 630, the first wireless device 605 may adjust an angular rotation of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device 605 based on the measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements. The first wireless device 605 may adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements relative to a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device 610. For example, the first wireless device 605 may adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel until a difference between the respective distances is less than a threshold difference. In some aspects, the first wireless device 605 may adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel based on one or more phase measurements.

[0187] At 635, in some examples, the first wireless device 605 may transmit a reference signal via a center antenna element of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device 605. The second wireless device 610 may receive the reference signal via a second set of two or more antenna elements (e.g., an antenna element pair) of a second antenna panel at the second wireless device 610. At 640, in some examples, the second wireless device 610 may adjust an angular rotation of the second antenna panel based on a measurement of the reference signal at the second set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel. The first wireless device 605 may transmit the reference signal before, after, or concurrently with receiving the reference signal from the second wireless device 610 and adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

[0188] At 645, the first wireless device 605 may send a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device 610. The alignment feedback information may include an indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel, or an indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular relative to the line. In some aspects, the alignment feedback information may include an indication that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element in a first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel satisfies a threshold.

[0189] In some aspects, the second wireless device 610 may send one or more feedback messages including alignment feedback information to the first wireless device 605 based on adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel. The first wireless device 605, the second wireless device 610, or both may determine whether to send one or more additional reference signals for further adjustment of the antenna panel by another device based on the alignment feedback information.

[0190] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0191] Receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the rotational alignment of a MIMO device). The information may be communicated to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0192] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the rotational alignment of the MIMO device). In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0193] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of rotational alignment of a MIMO device as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0194] In some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured to or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0195] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0196] In some examples, the communication manager 720 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 can receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0197] The communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify the respective distances between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0198] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for communicating a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0199] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to the examples described herein, the device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communication manager 720, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) may support techniques for reducing processing, reducing power consumption, and more efficiently utilizing communication resources. For example, the device 705 may support a panel rotation capability that may allow the device 705 to dynamically adjust the angular rotation of an antenna panel. By supporting the panel rotation capability, the processor of the device 705 may reduce the complexity and power consumption associated with shifting the physical position of the antenna panel. Additionally or alternatively, one or more algorithms for determining alignment between antenna panels may be simplified, which may reduce processing and complexity compared to an alignment procedure in which one antenna panel is fixed.

[0200] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of the device 705, UE 115, or network entity 105 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0201] Receiver 810 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to the rotational alignment of a MIMO device). The information may be communicated to other components of device 805. Receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0202] The transmitter 815 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels related to the rotational alignment of the MIMO device, data channels, information channels). In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with the receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0203] Device 805 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of rotational alignment of a MIMO device as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 may include panel rotation capability component 825, reference signal processing component 830, angular rotation adjustment component 835, alignment feedback information component 840, panel rotation procedure configuration component 845, reference signal component 850, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 may be an example of various aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both. For example, communication manager 820 may receive information from receiver 810, transmit information to transmitter 815, or be integrated with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0204] The communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at the first wireless device according to the examples disclosed herein. The panel rotation capability component 825 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The reference signal processing component 830 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for receiving a reference signal transmitted by the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device. The angular rotation adjustment component 835 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify the corresponding distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The alignment feedback information component 840 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0205] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The panel rotation capability component 825 may be configured as or otherwise support means for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The panel rotation procedure configuration component 845 may be configured as or otherwise support means for communicating a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The reference signal component 850 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration. The alignment feedback information component 840 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0206] Fig. 9 A block diagram 900 of a communication manager 920 supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of rotational alignment of a MIMO device as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a panel rotation capability component 925, a reference signal processing component 930, an angular rotation adjustment component 935, an alignment feedback information component 940, a panel rotation procedure configuration component 945, a reference signal component 950, a phase measurement component 955, an angular offset component 960, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses), which communication may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0207] The communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at the first wireless device according to the examples disclosed herein. The panel rotation capability component 925 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The reference signal processing component 930 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for receiving a reference signal transmitted by the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device. The angular rotation adjustment component 935 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify the corresponding distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured as or otherwise supports a component for sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0208] In some examples, panel rotation procedure configuration component 945 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving a configuration message including a panel rotation procedure configuration based on the panel rotation capability, wherein receiving the reference signal can be based on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

[0209] In some examples, to support signaling, panel rotation capability component 925 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a capability message indicating that the first wireless device supports panel rotation capability associated with the ability to adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

[0210] In some examples, the reference signal processing component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a second reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second wireless device via a second set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel. In some examples, to support adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel, the angular rotation adjustment component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel based on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the second set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective second distance between each antenna element in the second set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of the second antenna panel.

[0211] In some examples, to support sending the message, alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured or otherwise support means for sending, via alignment feedback information, an indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel. In some examples, to support sending the message, alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured or otherwise support means for sending, via alignment feedback information, an indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel.

[0212] In some examples, the reference signal processing component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a second reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel based on the alignment feedback information. In some examples, the angular rotation adjustment component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel based on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to further modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel.

[0213] In some examples, to support sending a message, the phase measurement component 955 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending an indication via alignment feedback information that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element in a first set of two or more antenna elements and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements satisfies a threshold.

[0214] In some examples, the first phase measurement may be based on a set of multiple first phase measurements of a reference signal received across one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more first antenna elements of a first antenna panel, or both, the set of one or more first antenna elements including a first antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements. In some examples, the second phase measurement may be based on a set of multiple second phase measurements of a reference signal received across one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more second antenna elements of a first antenna panel, or both, the set of one or more second antenna elements including a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements.

[0215] In some examples, the phase measurement component 955 may be configured as or otherwise support components for comparing the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both to a phase tolerance threshold, wherein adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel may satisfy the phase tolerance threshold based on the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both.

[0216] In some examples, the reference signal processing component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving one or more reference signals transmitted by one or more second non-center antenna elements of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device via at least a first non-center antenna element in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel. In some examples, the angular offset component 960 may be configured to or otherwise support components for determining a first angle between a first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel and a second angle between a second non-center antenna element among one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel parallel to the first axis based on one or more reference signals, wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element. In some examples, the angular rotation adjustment component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for rotating the first antenna panel around a center point of the first antenna panel to adjust the angular difference between the first angle and the second angle.

[0217] In some examples, alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a second message to a second wireless device including second alignment feedback information indicating whether an angular difference between the first angle and the second angle is less than a threshold angular difference.

[0218] In some examples, each antenna element in the set of multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device corresponds to a corresponding second antenna element in the set of multiple second antenna elements of the second antenna panel at the second wireless device. In some examples, rotating the first antenna panel includes: modifying one or more angular differences between each pair of corresponding first antenna elements at the first wireless device and corresponding second antenna elements at the second wireless device.

[0219] In some examples, reference signal component 950 can be configured or otherwise support components for sending a second reference signal to a second wireless device via a center antenna element of a first antenna panel at the first wireless device. In some examples, alignment feedback information component 940 can be configured or otherwise support components for receiving a second message from the second wireless device indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel based on the second reference signal and a panel rotation procedure performed by the second wireless device.

[0220] In some examples, a first distance between two antenna elements in a first set of two or more antenna elements may be greater than or equal to a second distance between any other antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements within the first antenna panel. In some examples, at least a subset of the set of multiple antenna elements may be arranged around a central antenna element of the first antenna panel in a circular shape or a rectangular shape. In some examples, the first wireless device and the second wireless device support OAM communication, LoS MIMO communication, or both.

[0221] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the panel rotation capability component 925 may be configured as or otherwise support means for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The panel rotation procedure configuration component 945 may be configured as or otherwise support means for communicating a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The reference signal component 950 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration. In some examples, the alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0222] In some examples, to support signaling, panel rotation capability component 925 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a capability message indicating that the first wireless device supports panel rotation capability associated with the ability to adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

[0223] In some examples, reference signal component 950 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending a second reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device. In some examples, alignment feedback information component 940 can be configured or otherwise support means for receiving an indication via alignment feedback information based on the reference signal that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel, wherein sending the second reference signal can be based on the indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular to the line.

[0224] In some examples, to support receiving a message, alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving an indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of a second antenna panel via alignment feedback information based on a reference signal.

[0225] In some examples, to support receiving a message, phase measurement component 955 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving an indication that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device satisfies a threshold via alignment feedback information.

[0226] In some examples, reference signal component 950 may be configured as or otherwise support components for transmitting one or more reference signals via one or more second non-center antenna elements of a second antenna panel, wherein each of the one or more second non-center antenna elements corresponds to a corresponding first non-center antenna element in a set of multiple first non-center antenna elements of a first antenna panel at a first wireless device.

[0227] In some examples, angle offset component 960 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving, by a second wireless device, a second message including second alignment feedback information indicating whether an angular difference between a first angle associated with a first non-center antenna element in a set of multiple first non-center antenna elements and a second angle associated with a second non-center antenna element in one or more second non-center antenna elements is less than a threshold angular difference, wherein the first angle is between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel, and the second angle is between the second non-center antenna element of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel parallel to the first axis, and wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element.

[0228] In some examples, the reference signal processing component 930 may be configured or otherwise support components for receiving a second reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device via a set of two or more antenna elements of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device. In some examples, the angular rotation adjustment component 935 may be configured or otherwise support components for adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel based on a measurement of the second reference signal at the set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the first antenna panel. In some examples, the alignment feedback information component 940 may be configured or otherwise support components for sending a second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the first wireless device based on adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel.

[0229] In some examples, the first wireless device and the second wireless device support OAM communications, LoS MIMO communications, or both.

[0230] Fig.10 A diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports rotational alignment of a MIMO device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, a code 1035, and a processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045).

[0231] I / O controller 1010 can manage input and output signals for device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor such as processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1005 via I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1010.

[0232] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which can send or receive multiple wireless transmissions concurrently. The transceiver 1015 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, wired or wireless links, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015 or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025 can be examples of transmitters 715, transmitters 815, receivers 710, receivers 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0233] The memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executed by the processor 1040, but may (for example, when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1030 may also contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0234] Processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1040. Processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1030) to enable device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support rotational alignment of a MIMO device). For example, device 1005 or a component of device 1005 may include processor 1040 and memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to processor 1040, and processor 1040 and memory 1030 are configured to perform various functions described herein.

[0235] The communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify the respective distances between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0236] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at the second wireless device according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for communicating a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0237] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to the examples described herein, the device 1005 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, reducing power consumption, improving coordination between devices, extending battery life, and improving utilization of processing power. For example, by dynamically adjusting the angular rotation of an antenna panel at the device 1005, the device 1005 can improve the throughput and reliability of LoS-MIMO communications with another device. Additionally or alternatively, the panel rotation procedures described herein can provide reduced complexity and power consumption compared to other panel alignment techniques in which at least one of the antenna panels can be fixed.

[0238] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of the rotational alignment of the MIMO device as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0239] Fig.11A diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports rotational alignment of a MIMO device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1105 may be an example of a device 705, a device 805, or a network entity 105 as described herein, or include components of these devices. The device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which communication may include communication through one or more wired interfaces, through one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1105 may include components that support output and acquisition of communications, such as a communication manager 1120, a transceiver 1110, an antenna 1115, a memory 1125, a code 1130, and a processor 1135. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1140).

[0240] The transceiver 1110 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1105 may include one or more antennas 1115, which may be capable of (e.g., concurrently) sending or receiving wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1110 may also include a modem for modulating a signal, providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1115, by a wired transmitter), receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1115, from a wired receiver), and demodulating the signal. The transceiver 1110 or the transceiver 1110 and one or more antennas 1115 or a wired interface (where applicable) may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0241] The memory 1125 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1125 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1130 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1135, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1130 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1130 may not be directly executed by the processor 1135, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1125 may also include a BIOS, which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices, among other things.

[0242] The processor 1135 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1135 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1135. The processor 1135 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., a memory 1125) to enable the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting the rotational alignment of a MIMO device). For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include a processor 1135 and a memory 1125 coupled to the processor 1135, and the processor 1135 and the memory 1125 are configured to perform various functions described herein. The processor 1135 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, a virtual machine, or a container instance), which may host functions for performing functions of the device 1105 (e.g., by executing code 1130).

[0243] In some examples, bus 1140 may support communication of a protocol layer of a protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1140 may support communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communication performed within a component of device 1105 or communication performed between different components of device 1105 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1105 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1120, transceiver 1110, memory 1125, code 1130, and processor 1135 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0244] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may manage aspects of communications with the core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communication manager 1120 may manage the delivery of data communications for client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may manage communications with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with the UE 115 in coordination with the other network entities 105. In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0245] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of multiple antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify the respective distances between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0246] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at the second wireless device according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for communicating a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based on the panel rotation procedure configuration. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal.

[0247] By including or configuring a communication manager 1120 according to the examples described herein, the device 1105 can support techniques for improving communication reliability, reducing latency, reducing power consumption, improving coordination between devices, extending battery life, and improving utilization of processing power. For example, by dynamically adjusting the angular rotation of an antenna panel at the device 1105, the device 1105 can improve the throughput and reliability of LoS-MIMO communications with another device. Additionally or alternatively, the panel rotation procedures described herein can provide reduced complexity and power consumption compared to other panel alignment techniques in which at least one of the antenna panels can be fixed.

[0248] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1110, one or more antennas 1115 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1120 may be supported or performed by the processor 1135, the memory 1125, the code 1130, the transceiver 1110, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1130 may include instructions executable by the processor 1135 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of the rotational alignment of the MIMO device as described herein, or the processor 1135 and the memory 1125 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0249] Fig.12A flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described UE 115 or network entity may be performed. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0250] At 1205, the method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The operations of 1205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The described panel rotation capability component 925 is performed.

[0251] At 1210, the method may include receiving, via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device, a reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device. The operations of 1210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal processing component 930 is performed.

[0252] At 1215, the method may include adjusting an angular rotation of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of a reference signal at a first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element of the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The operations of 1215 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described angular rotation adjustment component 935 is performed.

[0253] At 1220, the method may include sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device. The operations of 1220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0254] Fig.131 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described UE 115 or network entity may be performed. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0255] At 1305, the method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The operations of 1305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described panel rotation capability component 925 is performed.

[0256] At 1310, the method may include receiving a configuration message including a panel rotation procedure configuration based on the panel rotation capability. The operations of 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described panel rotation procedure is configured by component 945 to execute.

[0257] At 1315, the method may include: receiving a reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements of a set of a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device, wherein receiving the reference signal may be configured based on a panel rotation procedure. The operations of 1315 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described reference signal processing component 930 is performed.

[0258] At 1320, the method may include adjusting an angular rotation of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of a reference signal at a first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element of the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The operations of 1320 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described angular rotation adjustment component 935 is performed.

[0259] At 1325, the method may include sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device. The operations of 1325 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1325 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0260] Fig.14 1400 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described UE 115 or network entity may be performed. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0261] At 1405, the method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The operations of 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The described panel rotation capability component 925 is performed.

[0262] At 1410, the method may include receiving, via a first set of two or more antenna elements in a set of a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device, a reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device. The operations of 1410 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal processing component 930 is performed.

[0263] At 1415, the method may include adjusting an angular rotation of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on a measurement of a reference signal at a first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element of the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device. The operations of 1415 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described angular rotation adjustment component 935 is performed.

[0264] At 1420, the method may include sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device. The operations of 1420 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0265] At 1425, the method may include: receiving, via at least a first non-center antenna element in a set of a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel, one or more reference signals transmitted by one or more second antenna elements of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device. The operations of 1425 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal processing component 930 is performed.

[0266] At 1430, the method may include determining, based on one or more reference signals, a first angle between a first non-center antenna element and a first axis of a first antenna panel and a second angle between a second non-center antenna element in a set of a plurality of second antenna elements of a second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel parallel to the first axis, wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element. The operations of 1430 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1430 may be performed by reference signals as described herein. Fig. 9 The described angular offset component 960 is implemented.

[0267] At 1435, the method may include rotating the first antenna panel about a center point of the first antenna panel to reduce an angular difference between the first angle and the second angle. The operations of 1435 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1435 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described angular rotation adjustment component 935 is performed.

[0268] Fig.15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described UE 115 or network entity may be performed. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0269] At 1505, the method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The described panel rotation capability component 925 is performed.

[0270] At 1510, the method may include: communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The described panel rotation procedure is configured by component 945 to execute.

[0271] At 1515, the method may include: transmitting a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device based on a panel rotation protocol configuration. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described reference signal component 950 is performed.

[0272] At 1520, the method may include: receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device and a first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0273] Fig.16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described UE 115 or network entity may be performed. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0274] At 1605, the method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described panel rotation capability component 925 is performed.

[0275] At 1610, the method may include: communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The described panel rotation procedure is configured by component 945 to execute.

[0276] At 1615, the method may include: transmitting a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device based on a panel rotation protocol configuration. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described reference signal component 950 is performed.

[0277] At 1620, the method may include: receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device and a first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0278] At 1625, the method may include: transmitting one or more reference signals via one or more second antenna elements of a set of a plurality of second antenna elements of a second antenna panel, wherein each second antenna element of the set of a plurality of second antenna elements corresponds to a corresponding first antenna element of a set of a plurality of first antenna elements of a first antenna panel at a first wireless device. The operations of 1625 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described reference signal component 950 is performed.

[0279] Fig.17 1700 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting rotational alignment of a MIMO device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 11 The described UE 115 or network entity may be performed. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0280] At 1705, the method may include: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described in reference Fig. 9 The described panel rotation capability component 925 is performed.

[0281] At 1710, the method may include: communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based on the panel rotation capability. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described panel rotation procedure is configured by component 945 to execute.

[0282] At 1715, the method may include: transmitting a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device based on a panel rotation protocol configuration. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described reference signal component 950 is performed.

[0283] At 1720, the method may include: receiving, by the second wireless device, a message indicating alignment feedback information of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device and a first antenna panel of the first wireless device based on the reference signal. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0284] At 1725, the method may include receiving, via a set of two or more antenna elements of a second antenna panel of a second wireless device, a second reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a first antenna panel of a first wireless device. The operations of 1725 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal processing component 930 is performed.

[0285] At 1730, the method may include adjusting an angular rotation of the second antenna panel based on a measurement of a second reference signal at the set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel relative to a center antenna element of the first antenna panel. The operations of 1730 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1730 may be performed by Fig. 9The described angular rotation adjustment component 935 is performed.

[0286] At 1735, the method may include sending a second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the first wireless device based on adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel. The operations of 1735 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1735 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described alignment feedback information component 940 is performed.

[0287] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0288] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; receiving a reference signal sent by a central antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements among a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device; adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based at least in part on a measurement of the reference signal at the first set of the two or more antenna elements to modify a corresponding distance between each antenna element in the first set of the two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; and sending a message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the second wireless device.

[0289] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1 further includes: receiving a configuration message including a panel rotation procedure configuration based at least in part on the panel rotation capability, wherein receiving the reference signal is based at least in part on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

[0290] Aspect 3: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein conveying the signaling includes: sending a capability message indicating that the first wireless device supports the panel rotation capability, and the panel rotation capability is associated with the ability to adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

[0291] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3 further includes: receiving a second reference signal sent by the central antenna element of the second wireless device via a second set of two or more antenna elements among the multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel, wherein adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel also includes: adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel based at least in part on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the second set of the two or more antenna elements to modify the corresponding second distance between each antenna element in the second set of the two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel.

[0292] Aspect 5: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein sending the message comprises: sending an indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel via the alignment feedback information.

[0293] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein sending the message includes: sending an indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel via the alignment feedback information.

[0294] Aspect 7: The method according to Aspect 6 also includes: receiving a second reference signal sent by the central antenna element of the second wireless device via a first set of two or more antenna elements among the multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel based at least in part on the alignment feedback information; and adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel based at least in part on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to further modify the corresponding distance between each antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the second antenna panel.

[0295] Aspect 8: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein sending the message includes: sending an indication that the difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element in a first set of two or more antenna elements and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements satisfies a threshold via the alignment feedback information.

[0296] Aspect 9: A method according to Aspect 8, wherein: the first phase measurement is at least partially based on multiple first phase measurements of the reference signal received across one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more first antenna elements of the first antenna panel, or both, and the set of one or more first antenna elements includes the first antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements; and the second phase measurement is at least partially based on multiple second phase measurements of the reference signal received across the one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more second antenna elements of the first antenna panel, or both, and the set of one or more second antenna elements includes the second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements.

[0297] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 8 to 9 further includes: comparing the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both with a phase tolerance threshold, wherein adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel is at least partially based on whether the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both satisfy the phase tolerance threshold.

[0298] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10 further includes: receiving one or more reference signals sent by one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device via at least a first non-center antenna element among the multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel; determining a first angle between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel and a second angle between a second non-center antenna element among the one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel and a second axis parallel to the first axis of the second antenna panel based at least in part on the one or more reference signals, wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element; and rotating the first antenna panel around the center point of the first antenna panel to adjust the angular difference between the first angle and the second angle.

[0299] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11 further includes: sending a second message including second alignment feedback information to the second wireless device, wherein the second alignment feedback information indicates whether the angle difference between the first angle and the second angle is less than a threshold angle difference.

[0300] Aspect 13: A method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 12, wherein: each of the multiple antenna elements of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device corresponds to a corresponding second antenna element of the multiple second antenna elements of the second antenna panel at the second wireless device; and rotating the first antenna panel includes: modifying one or more angular differences between each pair of the corresponding first antenna element at the first wireless device and the corresponding second antenna element at the second wireless device.

[0301] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13 further includes: sending a second reference signal to the second wireless device via the central antenna element of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device; and receiving a second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel from the second wireless device based at least in part on the second reference signal and a panel rotation procedure performed by the second wireless device.

[0302] Aspect 15: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein a first distance between two antenna elements in the first set of the two or more antenna elements is greater than or equal to a second distance between any other antenna elements in the plurality of antenna elements within the first antenna panel.

[0303] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a circular shape or a rectangular shape around a central antenna element of the first antenna panel.

[0304] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device support OAM communication, LoS-MIMO communication, or both.

[0305] Aspect 18: A method for performing wireless communications at a second wireless device, comprising: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; communicating a panel rotation procedure configuration with the first wireless device based at least in part on the panel rotation capability; sending a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based at least in part on the panel rotation procedure configuration; and receiving, by the second wireless device at least in part on the reference signal, a message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device.

[0306] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein communicating the signaling includes: receiving a capability message indicating that the first wireless device supports the panel rotation capability, the panel rotation capability being associated with a capability to adjust an angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

[0307] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 18 to 19, further comprising: transmitting a second reference signal via the central antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device.

[0308] Aspect 21: A method according to Aspect 20, wherein receiving the message includes: receiving an indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel via the alignment feedback information, at least in part based on the reference signal, wherein sending the second reference signal is at least in part based on the indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular to the line.

[0309] Aspect 22: A method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 20, wherein receiving the message includes: receiving an indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular to a line connecting the center of the first antenna panel and the center of the second antenna panel via the alignment feedback information, at least in part based on the reference signal.

[0310] Aspect 23: A method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 20, wherein receiving the message includes: receiving, via the alignment feedback information, an indication that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device satisfies a threshold.

[0311] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 23 further includes: sending one or more reference signals via one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel, wherein each of the one or more second non-center antenna elements corresponds to a corresponding first non-center antenna element of the multiple first non-center antenna elements of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device; and receiving a second message including second alignment feedback information by the second wireless device, the second alignment feedback information indicating whether the angle difference between a first angle associated with a first non-center antenna element of the multiple first non-center antenna elements and a second angle associated with a second non-center antenna element of the one or more second non-center antenna elements is less than a threshold angle difference, wherein the first angle is between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel, and the second angle is between the second non-center antenna element of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel parallel to the first axis, and wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element.

[0312] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 24 further includes: receiving a second reference signal sent by the central antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device via a set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel based at least in part on the measurement of the second reference signal at the set of two or more antenna elements to modify the corresponding distance between each antenna element in the set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel relative to the central antenna element of the first antenna panel; and sending a second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel to the first wireless device based at least in part on adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel.

[0313] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 17.

[0314] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 17.

[0315] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the code comprising instructions that are executed by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 17.

[0316] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 25.

[0317] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 18 to 25.

[0318] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second wireless device, the code comprising instructions executed by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 18 to 25.

[0319] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the various operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0320] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks above LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0321] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0322] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0323] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium, or sent via a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these items. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the various parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0324] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and it includes any medium that promotes computer program to be transmitted from one place to another.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage device, disk storage device or other magnetic storage device, or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code parts and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.In addition, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. As used herein, disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0325] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items introduced by a phrase such as "at least one of..." or "one or more of...") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on".

[0326] The term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, etc. Additionally, "determining" may include receiving (such as receiving information), accessing (such as accessing data in a memory), etc. Additionally, "determining" may include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0327] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second reference label or other subsequent reference labels.

[0328] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The specific embodiments include specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0329] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; receiving, via a first set of two or more antenna elements of a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device, a reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device; adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based at least in part on the measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element of the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; as well as A message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel is sent to the second wireless device.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A configuration message including a panel rotation procedure configuration is received based at least in part on the panel rotation capability, wherein receiving the reference signal is based at least in part on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein communicating the signaling comprises: A capability message is sent indicating that the first wireless device supports the panel rotation capability, the panel rotation capability being associated with a capability to adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via a second set of two or more of the plurality of antenna elements of the first antenna panel, a second reference signal transmitted by the center antenna element of the second wireless device, wherein adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel further comprises: The angular rotation of the first antenna panel is adjusted based at least in part on a second measurement of the second reference signal at a second set of the two or more antenna elements to modify a corresponding second distance between each antenna element in the second set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the message comprises: An indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel is sent via the alignment feedback information.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the message comprises: An indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel is sent via the alignment feedback information.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: receiving, via a first set of the two or more of the plurality of antenna elements of the first antenna panel, a second reference signal transmitted by the center antenna element of the second wireless device based at least in part on the alignment feedback information; as well as The angular rotation of the first antenna panel is adjusted based at least in part on a second measurement of the second reference signal at the first set of the two or more antenna elements to further modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the first set of the two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the message comprises: An indication that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements satisfies a threshold is sent via the alignment feedback information.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: the first phase measurement being based at least in part on a plurality of first phase measurements of the reference signal received across one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more first antenna elements of the first antenna panel, or both, the set of one or more first antenna elements including the first antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements; and The second phase measurement is based at least in part on multiple second phase measurements of the reference signal received across the one or more frequencies, across a set of one or more second antenna elements of the first antenna panel, or both, the set of one or more second antenna elements including the second antenna element in the first set of two or more antenna elements.

10. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: The first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both are compared to a phase tolerance threshold, wherein adjusting the angular rotation of the first antenna panel is based at least in part on the first phase measurement, the second phase measurement, or both satisfying the phase tolerance threshold.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via at least a first non-central antenna element of the plurality of antenna elements of the first antenna panel, one or more reference signals transmitted by one or more second non-central antenna elements of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; determining, based at least in part on the one or more reference signals, a first angle between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel and a second angle between a second non-center antenna element of the one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel parallel to the first axis, wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element; as well as The first antenna panel is rotated around a center point of the first antenna panel to adjust an angle difference between the first angle and the second angle.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: A second message including second alignment feedback information is sent to the second wireless device, the second alignment feedback information indicating whether the angular difference between the first angle and the second angle is less than a threshold angular difference.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein: each antenna element of the plurality of antenna elements of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device corresponds to a respective second antenna element of the plurality of second antenna elements of the second antenna panel at the second wireless device; and Rotating the first antenna panel includes modifying one or more angular differences between each pair of a corresponding first antenna element at the first wireless device and a corresponding second antenna element at the second wireless device.

14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a second reference signal to the second wireless device via a center antenna element of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device; as well as A second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel is received from the second wireless device based at least in part on the second reference signal and a panel rotation procedure performed by the second wireless device.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein a first distance between two antenna elements in the first set of two or more antenna elements is greater than or equal to a second distance between any other antenna elements in the plurality of antenna elements within the first antenna panel.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a circular shape or a rectangular shape around a central antenna element of the first antenna panel.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device support orbital angular momentum communication, line-of-sight multiple-input multiple-output communication, or both.

18. A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: communicating signaling between a first wireless device and a second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based at least in part on the panel rotation capability; transmitting a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based at least in part on the panel rotation protocol configuration; as well as A message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device is received by the second wireless device based at least in part on the reference signal.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein communicating the signaling comprises: A capability message is received indicating that the first wireless device supports the panel rotation capability, the panel rotation capability being associated with a capability to adjust an angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising: A second reference signal is transmitted via the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein receiving the message comprises: receiving an indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular relative to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel via the alignment feedback information based at least in part on the reference signal, wherein sending the second reference signal is based at least in part on the indication that the first antenna panel is not perpendicular to the line.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the message comprises: An indication that the first antenna panel is perpendicular to a line connecting a center of the first antenna panel and a center of the second antenna panel is received via the alignment feedback information based at least in part on the reference signal.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the message comprises: An indication is received via the alignment feedback information that a difference between a first phase measurement at a first antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device and a second phase measurement at a second antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device satisfies a threshold.

24. The method of claim 18, further comprising: transmitting one or more reference signals via one or more second non-center antenna elements of the second antenna panel, wherein each second non-center antenna element of the one or more second non-center antenna elements corresponds to a corresponding first non-center antenna element of a plurality of first non-center antenna elements of the first antenna panel at the first wireless device; as well as A second message including second alignment feedback information is received by the second wireless device, the second alignment feedback information indicating whether an angular difference between a first angle associated with a first non-center antenna element among the plurality of first non-center antenna elements and a second angle associated with a second non-center antenna element among the one or more second non-center antenna elements is less than a threshold angular difference, wherein the first angle is between the first non-center antenna element and a first axis of the first antenna panel, and the second angle is between the second non-center antenna element of the second antenna panel and a second axis of the second antenna panel parallel to the first axis, and wherein the first non-center antenna element corresponds to the second non-center antenna element.

25. The method of claim 18, further comprising: receiving, via a set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device, a second reference signal transmitted by a central antenna element of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device; adjusting an angular rotation of the second antenna panel based at least in part on a measurement of the second reference signal at the set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element in the set of two or more antenna elements of the second antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the first antenna panel; as well as A second message indicating second alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel is sent to the first wireless device based at least in part on adjusting the angular rotation of the second antenna panel.

26. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: communicating signaling between the first wireless device and the second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; receiving, via a first set of two or more antenna elements of a plurality of antenna elements of a first antenna panel of the first wireless device, a reference signal transmitted by a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device; adjusting an angular rotation of the first antenna panel of the first wireless device based at least in part on the measurement of the reference signal at the first set of two or more antenna elements to modify a respective distance between each antenna element of the first set of two or more antenna elements of the first antenna panel relative to the center antenna element of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device; as well as A message indicating alignment feedback information of the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel is sent to the second wireless device.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: A configuration message including a panel rotation procedure configuration is received based at least in part on the panel rotation capability, wherein receiving the reference signal is based at least in part on the panel rotation procedure configuration.

28. The device of claim 26, wherein the instructions for communicating the signaling are executable by the processor to cause the device to: A capability message is sent indicating that the first wireless device supports the panel rotation capability, the panel rotation capability being associated with a capability to adjust the angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: communicating signaling between a first wireless device and a second wireless device indicating that each of the first wireless device and the second wireless device has panel rotation capability; communicating a panel rotation protocol configuration with the first wireless device based at least in part on the panel rotation capability; transmitting a reference signal via a center antenna element of a second antenna panel of the second wireless device based at least in part on the panel rotation protocol configuration; as well as A message indicating alignment feedback information of the second antenna panel of the second wireless device and the first antenna panel of the first wireless device is received by the second wireless device based at least in part on the reference signal.

30. The device of claim 29, wherein the instructions for communicating the signaling are executable by the processor to cause the device to: A capability message is received indicating that the first wireless device supports the panel rotation capability, the panel rotation capability being associated with a capability to adjust an angular rotation of the first antenna panel.

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