A method for improving survival rate of palm leaf budding grafting

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving survival rate of palm-leaf wood budding, and belongs to the palm-leaf wood grafting technical field.The grafting method is as follows: (1) selection of stock: selecting palm-leaf wood with a result rate and oil content lower than normal for more than three years as the stock; (2) selection of scion: selecting one-year-old branch of palm-leaf wood with excellent traits and stable yield for more than two years as the scion; (3) grafting: cutting out bud pieces on the scion and waiting for use; cutting out incisions with the same size as the bud pieces on the stock, reaching the phloem, and embedding the bud pieces into the incisions on the stock after taking out, and then binding tightly, so that the problem of low survival rate of palm-leaf wood grafting propagation is solved, and the economic benefit of economic forest is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Handeliodendron bodinieri grafting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of Handeliodendron bodinieri budding. BACKGROUND

[0002] Handeliodendron bodinieri (H. Lév.) Rehder belongs to Sapindaceae Handeliodendron, is the only one in the genus, and is a unique relic plant on limestone mountains in the border area between Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province. Unlike the pinnate compound leaves of other plants in Sapindaceae, it has palmate compound leaves, and its systematic position is between Sapindaceae and Hippocastanaceae, which is of great importance to the study of the phylogeny of Sapindaceae. The seed of Handeliodendron bodinieri has a high oil content, and the kernel contains 52.6% of oil. In fatty acids, oleic acid accounts for 26.9%, linoleic acid accounts for 6.1%, and arachidonic acid accounts for 15.5%. The oil is clear and has a fragrance, and can be used as edible oil and industrial oil, and has high economic value.

[0003] Due to the extremely difficult natural regeneration of Handeliodendron bodinieri, the current artificial propagation of Handeliodendron bodinieri mainly adopts seed or cutting propagation. The seed propagation has a seedling emergence rate of about 60%, and the cutting propagation has a rooting rate of about 20%, and it is difficult to grow fibrous roots. In addition, the seed setting rate and oil yield per plant of Handeliodendron bodinieri are different. If seed propagation is adopted, the variation rate of the seedling is large, and it is difficult to stably maintain the yield. If cutting propagation is adopted, the Handeliodendron bodinieri needs to be propagated for many years to reach the fruiting period, and then the yield of the plant can be judged. For economic forests, neither of the above two methods is practical. Therefore, in order to improve the economic value of Handeliodendron bodinieri economic forest, ensure the yield, and improve the economic benefit, it is an optimal solution to adopt grafting method to maintain the excellent properties of Handeliodendron bodinieri. However, in the current grafting process of Handeliodendron bodinieri, it is extremely difficult to take the bud from the scion, the success rate of bud peeling is extremely low, and then the survival rate of grafting is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for improving the survival rate of Handeliodendron bodinieri budding. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for improving the survival rate of Handeliodendron bodinieri budding, solve the problem of low survival rate of Handeliodendron bodinieri grafting propagation at present, and improve the economic benefit of economic forest.

[0005] The present application solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for improving the survival rate of Handeliodendron bodinieri budding, the grafting method is as follows:

[0007] (1) Selection of rootstock: select three-year-old Handeliodendron bodinieri seedlings with low fruiting rate as rootstock;

[0008] (2) Selection of scion: select one-year-old branches of Handeliodendron bodinieri with excellent properties and stable yield as scion;

[0009] (3) Bud grafting: a bud piece with a width of 1-2 cm is cut on the scion, and is ready for use; a cut with the same size as the bud piece is cut on the stock up to the phloem, and after being taken out, the bud piece is embedded into the cut of the stock, and is tightly bound.

[0010] Since it is not known whether the palm tree belongs to a high-yield plant with excellent properties until it is planted for many years, the stock of the palm tree in the present application needs to be selected from a palm tree with a low fruiting rate and a low oil content for more than three years, and the scion needs to be selected from a palm tree with excellent properties and a total tree age of not more than 8 years for more than two years of stable yield, so as to avoid poor tree vigor to cause insufficient vigor of the scion. At the same time, the stock and the scion are selected to avoid diseases and insect pests

[0011] Further, the binding is performed by using a plastic film, and after the bud piece is placed, the plastic film is bound from top to bottom, and the binding is avoided to avoid the bud eye and the exposed bud. When winding, the winding is tight above the bud eye to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0012] Further, when the palm tree stock is selected, the branch diameter for grafting is 2-3 cm; when the scion is selected, not more than 4 full bud points are selected on the scion branch; and the width of the bud piece is 1-2 cm.

[0013] When the grafting branch is selected, the main branch with a diameter of 2-3 cm is selected for grafting, and the branch part is avoided during grafting.

[0014] Further, the bud piece on the scion is immediately taken out for bud grafting, and the bud grafting time is from the early June to the early July.

[0015] It is found through experiments that the bud piece taken out needs to be used immediately during the bud grafting of the palm tree, although the scion branch can be taken out and stored in water or soaked in water to improve the success rate of taking the bud piece, but the survival rate of the bud grafting will be significantly reduced. In addition, in the spring when the palm tree just sprouts, water and nutrients begin to flow upwards, at this time, although the tree body fluid is sufficient, the success rate of bud grafting is also low, which may be due to the fact that the scion development is not perfect, resulting in that the bud does not germinate. Therefore, the palm tree in the present application is preferably grafted in June and July.

[0016] Further, after grafting for 2-3 weeks, a small opening is made on the film wound on the bud grafting part, and after growing for 1-2 weeks, the film is completely removed.

[0017] After bud grafting, bud grafting management is needed, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0018] After bud grafting, the seedling buds growing on the stock are removed; when the grafted bud grows to be greater than or equal to 5 cm, the stock above the grafted part is cut off, and the cutting distance from the grafted part is 5-6 cm.

[0019] Further, after the success of the grafting, watering, fertilization and weeding are needed, and the mixed fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea is used for fertilization, the mass ratio of which is 1:0.2, the amount of which is 50 kg per mu, and the time of which is when the new shoots are 12-15 cm long, and the watering frequency is 7-10 days per time.

[0020] Further, in the grafting process, 4-5 days before the bud piece is taken from the scion, a 0.1-0.2 cm long incision is made on the surface of the bark at the base of the branch away from the bud point of the selected scion, which reaches the xylem, and the incision surface is thickly coated with the bud stripping agent, which is applied 2-3 times a day until the day before the bud piece is taken.

[0021] Because it is very difficult to take a complete bud piece when the palm tree is grafted, the bud point is easily left on the branch, which seriously reduces the survival rate of grafting and wastes labor, so the invention uses the bud stripping agent to pretreat the scion when taking the bud piece, which promotes the bud piece to be completely separated from the scion.

[0022] Further, the bud stripping agent comprises the following raw materials: carbomer, triethanolamine, sodium complex nitrophenol, betaine, sodium chloride, gibberellin, and the preparation method of the bud stripping agent is as follows:

[0023] After sodium chloride is made into a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, carbomer is added, and after dispersion, triethanolamine is uniformly stirred, and then betaine and sodium complex nitrophenol and gibberellin are added to obtain the bud stripping agent.

[0024] Further, the mass ratio of the carbomer, triethanolamine and sodium chloride is 1:(0.15-0.2):(0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the carbomer and sodium complex nitrophenol, betaine and gibberellin is 1:(0.05-0.06):(0.1-0.15):(0.01-0.02).

[0025] When the bud piece is taken, the bud piece with the bud point is taken from the scion, and the depth of the bud piece reaches the phloem, in order to improve the success rate of taking the bud piece, the base of the branch away from the bud point of the scion is selected, and a cut that reaches the xylem and is 0.1-0.2 cm long is made on the surface of the bark at the base, then the bud stripping agent is allowed to act on the branch and continue to grow for 4-5 days, the bud stripping agent increases the amount of sap in the xylem of the palm tree scion branch by affecting the vessels in the xylem, thereby making it easier to separate the bark from the cambium, which makes it easier to remove the bud point and prevents the bud point from falling off the bud piece when it is removed.

[0026] The carbomer is used to prepare the gel-like budding agent, in addition to the fact that the carbomer can load more active substances, the budding agent can be easily applied on the branch, and the use is convenient. When the budding agent is prepared, the carbomer gel is prepared by using a low-concentration sodium chloride solution. Under the action of the low-concentration salt, the scion branch of the palm tree resists and adapts to the adversity stress. In order to balance the water transport efficiency, the density of the vessel is increased at this time, but the stress will always cause certain damage, for example, the vessel may have certain embolism effect, the diameter of the vessel is reduced, and therefore, the gibberellin is added in the process of stress, the differentiation of the xylem tissue of the one-year-old branch with strong activity is accelerated, the formation of the xylem vessel and parenchyma is promoted, the time for reducing the diameter of the vessel is delayed, the mechanical strength of the vessel is improved, and in order to prevent the branch from affecting the grafting activity under the stress, the sodium nitrophenol and the betaine are added in the budding agent to improve the resistance of the plant to the embolism adversity and reduce the influence of the embolism effect on the water transport of the plant. On the basis, the photosynthesis efficiency of the triethanolamine is used to ensure the normal growth of the branch during the treatment and maintain the activity. Therefore, the budding agent of the present application acts on the xylem of the scion branch, the density of the vessel inside the branch is increased under the condition that the diameter and the mechanical strength of the vessel are not changed, the flow amount of the sap is increased, the peelability of the bud piece and the bud point is improved, and then the grafting survival rate of the palm tree is promoted. However, the use time and the use frequency of the budding agent need to be controlled to prevent the branch from being damaged too much due to the long stress time.

[0027] Advantages:

[0028] The disclosed method can significantly improve the peeling success rate of the bud piece and the bud point of the palm tree, improve the grafting survival rate, replace the low-yield and low-benefit palm tree with a high-yield and high-economic-benefit excellent variety of palm tree, solve the problem of unstable quality of the palm tree, make the palm tree economic forest can quickly enter production, improve the planting benefit of the palm tree, and promote the breeding of excellent varieties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application will be described in detail below with specific examples:

[0030] The test methods used in the examples of the present application are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the examples of the present application can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0031] Example 1: Preparation of the budding agent

[0032] The raw materials are weighed according to the following quality:

[0033] 10g carbomer, 1.5g triethanolamine, 0.5g sodium chloride, 0.5g sodium nitrophenol, 1g betaine, and 0.1g gibberellin.

[0034] Sodium chloride was added to water to make a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, then carbomer was added, after dispersion, stirring was uniform, triethanolamine was added, after stirring again, uniform, betaine and sodium nitrophenol, gibberellin were added, stirring to obtain the debudding agent.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of debudding agent

[0036] The raw materials were weighed according to the following mass:

[0037] 10g carbomer, 2g triethanolamine, 1g sodium chloride, 0.6g sodium nitrophenol, 1.5g betaine, 0.2g gibberellin.

[0038] Sodium chloride was added to water to make a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, then carbomer was added, after dispersion, stirring was uniform, triethanolamine was added, after stirring again, uniform, betaine and sodium nitrophenol, gibberellin were added, stirring to obtain the debudding agent.

[0039] Example 3: Preparation of debudding agent

[0040] 10g carbomer, 1.6g triethanolamine, 0.8g sodium chloride, 0.55g sodium nitrophenol, 1.2g betaine, 0.15g gibberellin.

[0041] Sodium chloride was added to water to make a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, then carbomer was added, after dispersion, stirring was uniform, triethanolamine was added, after stirring again, uniform, betaine and sodium nitrophenol, gibberellin were added, stirring to obtain the debudding agent.

[0042] Comparative Example 1:

[0043] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the selection of debudding agent raw materials does not add sodium chloride, 290ml water is mixed with carbomer and stirred uniformly, then mixed with other raw materials to obtain the debudding agent.

[0044] Comparative Example 2:

[0045] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the selection of debudding agent raw materials does not add triethanolamine, and the rest of the raw materials are the same.

[0046] Comparative Example 3:

[0047] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the selection of debudding agent raw materials does not add sodium nitrophenol, and the rest of the raw materials are the same.

[0048] Comparative Example 4:

[0049] This comparative example is compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the selection of debudding agent raw materials does not add betaine, and the rest of the raw materials are the same.

[0050] Comparative Example 5:

[0051] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the concentration of the gibberellin in the debudding agent raw material is 1 mol / L, and the amount of sodium chloride added is 1.7 g.

[0052] Comparative Example 6:

[0053] This comparative example is contrasted with Example 1, the only difference being that the concentration of the gibberellin in the debudding agent raw material is 1 mol / L, and the amount of sodium chloride added is 1.7 g.

[0054] Example 4: Palm-leaf tree grafting

[0055] (1) Selection of rootstock: Select palm-leaf trees that are more than three years old and have low yield and oil content as rootstock. Select the main branches with a thickness of 2-3 cm on the rootstock for grafting, avoiding the branch tips, and trying to select the middle and lower parts of the branches;

[0056] (2) Selection of scion: Select one-year-old branches of palm-leaf trees that are more than two years old and have excellent traits as scion. Select no more than 4 full bud points on the branches;

[0057] (3) Grafting: 4-5 days before taking the bud piece, make a horizontal cut on the bark of the branch base of the selected scion away from the bud point, with a depth of the xylem and a length of 0.1-0.2 cm. Then, apply a thick layer of debudding agent, about 0.5-1 cm, on the wound, and apply it 2-3 times a day for 2-3 days, until the day before taking the bud piece.

[0058] Cut out a bud piece with a width of 1-2 cm from the treated scion, and wait to use it. Cut out a notch of the same size as the bud piece on the rootstock, reaching the phloem. After taking it out, immediately insert the bud piece into the notch of the rootstock, and tie it tightly.

[0059] Use plastic film to tie it, and tie it from top to bottom after the bud piece is placed. Avoid tying it around the bud eye and exposed bud when winding. Wind it tightly above the bud eye to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0060] After 2-3 weeks of grafting, first make a small opening on the film wound around the bud grafting site. Continue to grow for 1-2 weeks, and then completely remove the film.

[0061] After bud grafting, bud grafting management is needed, and the specific operation is as follows:

[0062] Remove the seedling buds that grow on the rootstock after bud grafting; when the grafted bud grows to ≥5 cm, cut off the rootstock above the bud grafting part, with a distance of 5-6 cm from the bud grafting site.

[0063] After the success of the grafting, watering, fertilization and weeding are needed, and the mixed fertilizer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea is used for fertilization with a mass ratio of 1:0.2, the amount of fertilization is 50 kg per mu, the time of fertilization is when the new shoots are 12-15 cm long, and the frequency of watering is 7-10 days per time.

[0064] The grafting time is from early June to early July every year.

[0065] After grafting, normal grafting management is needed, such as removing all the buds on the rootstock, reducing nutrient consumption, promoting the germination of the grafted buds, and removing the grafted scion from the tied plastic bag in time after the bud points of the grafted scion grow out.

[0066] Comparative Example 7:

[0067] This comparative example is compared with Example 4, the difference is that before taking the bud piece, no bud stripping agent is applied, but after cutting the scion, the cut is soaked in clean water for 1 h, then the bud piece is taken, and then the subsequent grafting is carried out.

[0068] Comparative Example 8:

[0069] This comparative example is compared with Example 4, the difference is that before taking the bud piece, no bud stripping agent is applied, but the palm tree wood root where the scion is taken is watered one day in advance, the amount of watering is the amount of normal watering at a time, then the bud piece is taken after using the conventional method, and then the grafting is carried out.

[0070] Experiment:

[0071] Palm tree grafting is started in early June, and 10 groups are designed, among which the stripping agent prepared in Example 1 is used in experimental group 1, the stripping agents prepared in Comparative Examples 1-6 are used in comparative groups 1-6, and the grafting method of experimental group 1 and comparative groups 1-6 is as follows:

[0072] (1) Selection of rootstock: three-year-old palm trees with low yield and oil content are selected as rootstock, and the main branches with a thickness of 2-3 cm on the rootstock are selected for grafting, avoiding the branch part at the time of grafting, and trying to select the middle and lower parts of the branches;

[0073] (2) Selection of scion: one-year-old branches of palm trees with excellent traits and stable yield for more than two years are selected as scions, and the selected branches all have 4 full bud points;

[0074] (3) Grafting: 5 days before taking the bud piece, a wound with a depth of xylem and a length of 0.1 cm is made on the bark at the base of the branch away from the bud point of the selected scion, then a layer of stripping agent about 0.5 cm thick is applied on the wound, and the application is done 3 times (morning, noon and evening) every day, and the application is done until the day before taking the bud piece;

[0075] The bud piece with a width of about 2 cm is cut from the treated scion, and is ready for use; a cut with the same size as the bud piece is cut on the stock up to the phloem, and after the bud piece is immediately inserted into the cut of the stock, and is tightly bound. When binding, the plastic film is used for binding, and after the bud piece is placed, the plastic film is bound from top to bottom, and when winding, the bud eye and exposed bud are avoided, and when winding, the above bud eye is tightly wound to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0076] The grafting methods of the comparative groups 7-8 are referred to comparative examples 7-8.

[0077] The blank control group does not use the bud stripping agent to treat the scion, and does not use other methods to treat the scion and the stock, and after the scion is selected, the bud piece is immediately grafted.

[0078] The success rate of stripping the bud piece is counted when the bud piece is stripped, and the bud point is complete on the bud piece, and is considered as stripping success, and is damaged or falls off, and is considered as stripping failure, 200 bud pieces are taken from each group, three repetitions, and the success rate is counted. 50 complete bud pieces are selected from each group for grafting, and the grafting survival rate is observed after 14 days of grafting, and the new bud grows out, which is considered as grafting success, and the survival rate is counted, and three repetitions are counted. The obtained table is shown in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] The analysis data shows that:

[0083] 1. Although the method of soaking the scion branch in water in comparative example 7 can promote the separation of bud points to a certain extent, the survival rate of the grafted bud piece is significantly lower than that of the blank control and experimental group 1, which may be due to the decrease of the activity of the scion after cutting or the accumulation of tannin and other substances, resulting in the decrease of the survival rate. The effect of the method of watering before grafting in comparative example 8 is not good, which shows that direct treatment of the root system of palm leaf wood is difficult to improve the stripping effect of the bud piece and the bud point of the scion. However, compared with the blank control, the survival rate of the bud grafting by the method of watering the root system has no great influence.

[0084] 2、Comparative group 2-6 prepared compared to the experimental group 1, the stripping effect of the obvious decrease, especially for the contrast group 5 and contrast group 6, gibberellin affects the formation of xylem vessels and parenchyma, delay or mitigation of salt stress on the influence of scion, on the basis of improving the transport efficiency of the vessel to promote the stripping performance of the bud piece, bud point, but also affect the phloem bud piece of the vitality, resulting in the reduction of graft survival, and high concentration of salt stress conditions, this stress is difficult to improve, will lead to xylem damage, water transport, in turn, for the bud piece more difficult to strip, but also caused by graft survival rate reduction.

[0085] 3、For the contrast group 1, although in the influence of other raw materials, the highest graft survival rate, but the combination of bud piece, bud point stripping success rate of its overall propagation efficiency is poor. And contrast group 2-4 lack of triethanolamine, sodium nitrophenol, betaine, its stripping success rate decreased, graft survival rate also has a certain degree of reduction, this is because these substances synergistic effect on scion, in improving the stripping effect at the same time to alleviate the stress effect, thereby improving the graft survival rate.

[0086] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application rather than limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and all should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application. The technical, shape, structure parts of the present application which are not described in detail are well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A method of increasing the survival rate of palm budding, characterized by, The grafting method is as follows: (1) selection of stock: select three-year-old palm leaf wood seedlings as stock; (2) selection of scion: select one-year-old branches of palm leaf wood with excellent traits and stable yield as scion; (3) bud grafting: cut a bud piece with a width of 1-2 cm on the scion, and wait for use; cut a cutout of the same size as the bud piece on the stock, deep to the phloem, and after taking out, embed the bud piece into the cutout of the stock, and bind tightly; In the grafting process, 4-5 days before taking the bud piece from the scion, a 0.1-0.2 cm long cut is made on the bark surface of the base of the branch away from the bud point of the selected scion, deep to the xylem, and thickly coated with a bud stripping agent on the surface of the cut, 2-3 times a day, until the day before taking the bud piece; The bud stripping agent comprises the following raw materials: carbomer, triethanolamine, sodium complex nitrophenol, betaine, sodium chloride, gibberellin, and the preparation method of the bud stripping agent is as follows: After sodium chloride is made into a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, carbomer is added, dispersed, stirred uniformly, triethanolamine is added again, and then betaine, sodium complex nitrophenol and gibberellin are added to obtain the bud stripping agent; The mass ratio of the carbomer, triethanolamine and sodium chloride is 1:(0.15-0.2):(0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the carbomer to sodium complex nitrophenol, betaine and gibberellin is 1:(0.05-0.06):(0.1-0.15):(0.01-0.02).

2. The method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf budding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The binding uses plastic film binding, and after the bud piece is placed, plastic film is bound from top to bottom, and the bud eye and exposed bud are avoided during winding, and the winding is tight above the bud eye to prevent rainwater from entering.

3. The method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf budding according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the palm leaf wood stock is selected, the branch diameter for grafting is 2-3 cm; when the scion is selected, no more than 4 full bud points are selected on the scion branch.

4. The method for improving the survival rate of budding of Dracaena reflexa according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bud piece is taken out immediately after the bud piece is taken out from the scion, and the bud grafting time is from the early June to the early July every year.

5. The method for improving the survival rate of budding of Dracaena reflexa according to claim 4, wherein, After grafting for 2-3 weeks, a small opening is made on the film wound on the bud grafting part, and the film is completely removed after growing for 1-2 weeks; After bud grafting, bud grafting management is needed, and the specific operation is as follows: After bud grafting, the seedling buds growing on the stock are removed; when the grafted bud grows to ≥5 cm, the stock above the bud grafting part is cut off, and the cutting distance from the bud grafting part is 5-6 cm.

6. The method for improving the survival rate of the budding of Dracaena reflexa according to claim 5, wherein, After successful bud grafting, watering, fertilization and cultivation are needed, and the phosphoric acid dihydrogen potassium compound fertilizer and urea are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:0.2 for fertilization, the fertilization amount is 50 kg / acre, the fertilization time is when the new shoots grow to 12-15 cm, and the watering frequency is 7-10 days / time.

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