A method and apparatus for deep-hole slotting blasting in a shaft without cutting

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of mining methods and discloses a method and apparatus for deep-hole slotting blasting in a cut-free riser. The method includes the following steps: clearing and leveling the site; arranging drilling positions according to rock conditions and drilling; applying salt to the inner wall of the borehole after drilling; determining the borehole network parameters, including the minimum resistance line and bottom hole distance parameters based on geological conditions and blasting requirements; determining the sealing length; loading and packing explosives according to the loading coefficient and packing; determining the blasting sequence, first blasting the shallow borehole top area, then blasting the deep-hole slotting boreholes sequentially, using a trapezoidal detonation sequence; blasting operation, connecting the detonation network, and then blasting after ensuring all safety measures are in place; and clearing the slot wall. This method calculates and determines a reasonable sealing length to improve the energy utilization rate of the explosives. This invention solves the problem of low energy utilization rate in existing cut-free riser slotting blasting methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This solution belongs to the field of mining methods technology, specifically involving a deep-hole slotting blasting method and apparatus in a cut-free riser. Background Technology

[0002] Cutting and slotting methods are classified into three types based on their formation: slotting with a cutting shaft, slotting with a cutting shaft and cutting through a horizontal tunnel, and slotting without a cutting shaft. Slotting with a cutting shaft and slotting with a cutting shaft involve large-scale excavation work and sometimes require secondary or even multiple blasting operations, reducing the ore extraction rate and safety of the mining area. Slotting without a cutting shaft eliminates the need for construction of a cutting shaft, relying on blasting to complete the slotting process. Its simple technology, low cost, and high operability have led to its widespread use.

[0003] A method for deep-hole slotting blasting mining without cutting risers is disclosed in the existing public document (announcement number CN115012938A). The method has the following steps: in a stope using layered upward deep-hole blasting, the first step is to determine the slotting blasting location; the second step is to determine the slotting hole arrangement; the third step is to enlarge the roadway roof at the slotting point; the fourth step is to drill the slotting inclined holes and the blasting holes; the fifth step is to blast the slotting inclined holes; and the sixth step is to blast the blasting holes to achieve deep-hole blasting mining.

[0004] In the deep-hole slotting blasting method without cutting the borehole, the reasonable determination of the sealing length has a crucial impact on the utilization rate of blasting energy. For example, in the aforementioned deep-hole slotting blasting method without cutting the borehole, the sealing length of the borehole was not reasonably determined based on the constraints of "no-blowout" and "maximum energy utilization rate." If the sealing length is too long, it will affect the amount of explosive charge in the borehole, not only wasting the packing material but also potentially reducing the amount of gas in the hole, thus decreasing the explosive's rock-breaking ability during blasting and affecting the blasting effect. The resulting cracks in the roof will also be smaller, hindering the crushing and ejection of ore. Conversely, if the sealing length is too short, the explosive gas may escape from the borehole opening prematurely, weakening the cracking effect of the blast, reducing the effective utilization rate of blasting energy, and potentially causing safety hazards such as flyrock. Therefore, when the explosive structure and charge amount in the borehole are determined, it is necessary to reasonably select the sealing length to improve the utilization rate of explosive energy and obtain better blasting results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this solution is to provide a deep-hole slotting blasting method for non-cutting wells, in order to solve the problem of low energy utilization in existing non-cutting well slotting blasting methods.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this solution provides a deep-hole slotting blasting method for non-cutting wells, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S10: Clean and level the construction site to ensure the safety and cleanliness of the construction site, and prepare drilling rigs, charging equipment, blasting materials, salt spreading equipment and cleaning equipment;

[0008] Step S20: Arrange the drilling locations according to the rock conditions and carry out drilling; and after drilling, apply salt to the inner wall of the borehole using a salt spreading device.

[0009] Step S30: Determine the hole mesh parameters. Based on geological conditions and blasting requirements, determine parameters such as the minimum resistance line and hole bottom distance.

[0010] Step S40: Determine the sealing length. Collect and measure the required formula data according to the formula for calculating the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching. Then calculate the shortest sealing length and determine the reasonable sealing length again.

[0011] Step S50: Loading and packing explosives: Load explosives according to the loading coefficient and pack them in place;

[0012] Step S60: Determine the blasting sequence. First, blast the shallow hole top area, then blast the deep hole slotting hole one by one, and adopt a trapezoidal detonation sequence.

[0013] Step S70: Detonation operation, connect the detonation network, and then carry out the blast after ensuring all safety measures are in place;

[0014] Step S80: Push out and clean the trench wall. After the blasting is completed, use a pushing device to push out the trench wall to form a complete trench. Then clean up the blasting site to ensure safety and prepare for subsequent mining operations.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this scheme are as follows: Compared with the existing non-cutting well slotting blasting method, this scheme maximizes the utilization of blasting energy by scientifically and rationally determining the sealing length, making the ore crushed more fully and thrown out more thoroughly, and also reducing construction costs and safety risks, and reducing energy loss and safety hazards caused by improper sealing.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S20, a drilling rig is used to drill holes at predetermined locations; for areas with poor rock conditions, a combination of shallow hole top-down and deep hole drilling can be used; for areas with good rock conditions and high segment height, shallow cutting wells with a depth not exceeding 8m are used in combination with deep holes for slotting; in step S30, the minimum resistance line of the hole diameter for deep hole blasting is taken as 23 to 30 times the drill bit diameter.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S40, the formula for calculating the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Where L1 is the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching; γ is the expansion adiabatic index of the detonation products, taken as 3; ρ0 is the density of the explosive used; D is the detonation velocity of the explosive; k is the radial charge decoupling coefficient; l e l is the axial charge coefficient. e =(L a +L c ) / L c L a L is the total length of the air section inside the hole. c d is the total length of the explosive section inside the hole; n is the pressure amplification coefficient when the explosive products expand and collide with the borehole wall, taken as 10; d is the borehole diameter; D c λ is the diameter of the crushing ring; f is the static friction coefficient between the blockage body and the hole wall; λ is the lateral pressure coefficient; F w ρ is the confining pressure of the borehole wall on the plug; ρ1 is the density of the plug; θ is the borehole inclination angle; g is the gravitational acceleration, taken as 9.8.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S60, the shallow hole drop area on the inner side of the horizontal tunnel is first blasted, and then the fan-shaped deep holes are blasted one by one. Then, the inclined plane formed after the shallow hole drop blasting is used as the free surface, and the deep hole slotting holes are blasted one after another. The blasting sequence is carried out in segments from large-angle holes to small-angle holes, with two detonating shells arranged in each hole, one at the bottom of the hole and one in the middle of the hole. Finally, a trapezoidal detonation sequence is adopted. First, a trapezoidal space is blasted in the middle of the free surface to create sufficient free surface and compensation space for the subsequent blasting of the fan-shaped deep holes. Then, the deep holes in the same segment on both sides are detonated. In step S70, industrial electronic detonators and intelligent detonators are used to connect the detonation network.

[0021] A deep-hole grooving blasting device for a non-cutting well, comprising blasting equipment and a salt spreading device that cooperates with the blasting equipment, the salt spreading device comprising:

[0022] A salt storage assembly, comprising a salt storage chamber and a salt outlet pipe, wherein the salt outlet pipe is connected to the salt storage chamber;

[0023] A salt-spreading assembly, comprising a salt-spreading pipe and an air-supplying pipe, wherein the salt-spreading pipe is connected to a salt outlet pipe and the air-supplying pipe is connected to an air-pressure source.

[0024] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows:

[0025] (1) The blasting equipment is all existing technology and will not be elaborated on here. It has the characteristics of low temperature, low pressure and freeze-thaw cycle in high-altitude and cold regions. The freezing of holes caused by water in the plateau is one of the most unfavorable factors for blasting. After ice forms in the hole, the diameter of the blast hole becomes smaller, the actual charge amount does not reach the design charge amount, the unit consumption does not meet the design requirements, and the blasting effect becomes worse. In the existing technology, industrial salt is sprinkled in the blast hole with water, and the properties of industrial salt are used to overcome the freezing problem. After each blast hole is drilled, industrial salt is sprinkled into the blast hole, and then the drilling machine is used to apply air pressure into the blast hole so that the industrial salt is evenly sprayed on the blast hole wall to achieve the purpose of preventing freezing. For details, please refer to "Refined Blasting Technology of Large-Scale Blasting Area in Permafrost Layer of Yulong Open-Pit Copper Mine" (Chen Huanan, Meng Fanbao, Zhang Yazhou, Bai Lin. Refined Blasting Technology of Large-Scale Blasting Area in Permafrost Layer of Yulong Open-Pit Copper Mine [J]. Modern Mining, 2022(2):101-103). While the methods described above can address the problem of water seepage freezing in boreholes to some extent, directly applying salt into the borehole is problematic. Due to the depth and shape of the borehole, as well as the physical properties of the salt particles, it is often difficult for them to distribute evenly across the entire borehole wall. Especially in the deeper parts of the borehole, the salt particles have even less chance of reaching and adhering to the wall surface due to wind pressure attenuation and gravity. This results in varying antifreeze effects in different parts of the borehole, with some areas still potentially experiencing freezing.

[0026] (2) The salt spreading device in this scheme stores industrial salt in advance through the salt storage component, and then puts the device into the blast hole. During the salt spreading process, the high-pressure gas source provides high-pressure gas to the salt spreading pipe through the gas delivery pipe. Due to the Bernoulli principle, the salt outlet pipe transports the salt to the salt spreading pipe, and the salt particles are sprayed onto the inner wall of the blast hole under the action of the high-pressure gas.

[0027] (3) This solution utilizes high-pressure gas in conjunction with salt application, allowing salt application and the application of air pressure to the borehole to proceed simultaneously. The salt application device in this solution provides high-pressure gas to the salt application pipe via a high-pressure gas source. Using Bernoulli's principle, industrial salt from the salt storage chamber is drawn into the salt application pipe. Under air pressure, the salt particles are sprayed onto the inner wall of the borehole, solving the problem of salt particles being difficult to distribute on the borehole's inner wall. Meanwhile, existing technologies require separate steps of salt application and air pressure application, which are cumbersome and time-consuming. In contrast, the salt application device in this solution applies salt and air pressure to the borehole simultaneously, improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, due to the high-pressure gas, the salt particles can adhere to the inner wall of the borehole more quickly, further shortening the construction time.

[0028] (4) In this scheme, high-pressure gas is used to spread salt, so that the gas sprays the salt particles at a relatively high speed, allowing the salt particles to embed into the inner wall of the borehole, thereby preventing the salt particles from falling down due to gravity. At the same time, under the action of high-pressure gas, the sprayed salt particles are subjected to continuous and large pressure, thereby applying external force to the salt particles, making it difficult for the salt particles to fall down quickly, thus increasing the contact time between the salt particles and the inner wall of the borehole, resulting in a better de-icing effect.

[0029] Furthermore, the salt storage assembly also includes a piston and a spring. The piston is disposed in the salt storage chamber and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber. It also includes a drive assembly, which includes a steam generator and a screw jack. The screw jack is used to raise and lower the air delivery pipe, and the steam generator is used to provide a high-pressure air source for the air delivery pipe.

[0030] The principle and effect of this scheme are as follows: (1) The piston divides the salt storage chamber into two chambers. The chamber at the upper end of the piston is used to store industrial salt. The spring is initially in a compressed state to provide pre-tightening force to the piston. As the salt is spread, the spring drives the piston to move towards the salt outlet pipe, so that the salt in the salt storage chamber can continuously enter the salt spreading pipe through the salt outlet pipe to realize the salt spreading operation. (2) The screw jack and the steam generator are both existing technologies. The screw jack is used to drive the air supply pipe to move up and down in the borehole, so that the salt spreading device can move up and down in the borehole. The salt can be spread from the bottom of the borehole to the top of the borehole to achieve uniform salt spreading. The steam generator provides a high-pressure hot air source for the air supply pipe, which not only provides the power required for salt spreading, but also increases the activity of the salt particles because the air source is a hot gas, making it easier for them to interact with the moist inner wall surface of the borehole, thereby more effectively adhering to the wall surface and improving the uniformity of salt spreading and the antifreeze effect.

[0031] Furthermore, the drive assembly also includes a first fan blade; the air supply pipe includes a first air supply pipe and a second air supply pipe, the first air supply pipe and the second air supply pipe are connected by a rotary joint, the second air supply pipe is connected to the salt outlet pipe and the salt spreading pipe, the first fan blade is disposed inside the second air supply pipe, and one end of the rotating shaft of the first fan blade is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second air supply pipe.

[0032] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: When the high-pressure hot air source enters the second air supply pipe, the airflow drives the first fan blade to rotate, thereby causing the first fan blade to drive the second air supply pipe and the salt spraying pipe to rotate circumferentially. The salt particles sprayed at the outlet of the salt spraying pipe will also form a circumferentially distributed spray with this rotational action. This allows the salt particles to be evenly sprayed not only in the depth direction of the borehole, but also evenly covered in the circumference of the borehole (i.e., the direction around the inner wall of the borehole), avoiding the problem of uneven salt particle accumulation caused by a single spraying direction.

[0033] Furthermore, the other end of the first fan blade shaft is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber, and the outer wall of the salt outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber; the outer wall of the salt storage chamber is provided with a second fan blade.

[0034] The principle and effect of this scheme are as follows: the rotation of the first fan blade drives the salt storage chamber to rotate, thereby causing the second fan blade to rotate. Due to the high-pressure hot gas ejected from the salt spraying pipe, the rotation of the second fan blade causes the hot gas to be turbulent, increasing the contact area and time between the hot gas and the inner wall of the borehole.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a sealing assembly, which includes a base, a water pump, and a sealing disc; the base is located at the bottom of the salt storage chamber, and the salt storage chamber is rotatably connected to the base; a turntable is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt storage chamber, and a protrusion is provided on the turntable; the pressing head of the water pump is located inside the base, and the protrusion is configured to cooperate with the pressing head; the free end of the water pump's pumping pipe is located at the bottom of the borehole; the sealing disc is fixedly located on the outer wall of the second air supply pipe, and a water spray hole is provided on the sealing disc; the water spray hole is connected to the water outlet of the water pump through a pipe.

[0036] The principle and effect of this scheme are as follows: (1) The base is stationary, and the rotation of the salt storage chamber drives the turntable to rotate, thereby causing the protrusion to intermittently press the pump head of the water pump, which in turn causes the water pump to draw the brine at the bottom of the borehole through the pumping pipe to the spray hole and spray it out from the spray hole. At the same time, since the second air supply pipe is rotating, the second air supply pipe will drive the sealing plate to rotate, thereby causing the spray hole to spray the brine circumferentially onto the inner wall of the borehole along the direction of rotation of the sealing plate. (2) After salt is sprinkled in the borehole, brine will accumulate at the bottom of the borehole due to factors such as snow melting. If this brine is not treated, it will freeze at the bottom of the borehole, affecting the charge and blasting effect. This scheme draws up the brine at the bottom of the borehole and sprays it circumferentially onto the inner wall of the borehole through the spray hole on the sealing plate. First, the brine at the bottom of the borehole can be removed to prevent it from freezing and affecting the blasting. Second, the brine can be sprayed evenly onto the inner wall of the borehole. The antifreeze properties of the brine can be used to reduce the freezing of the inner wall of the borehole due to low temperature. At the same time, the brine can also make the salt particles adhere better to the wall surface, further enhancing the antifreeze effect. (3) Since hot air is introduced into the borehole, in order to prevent the hot air from escaping from the top of the borehole and to make the hot air stay in the borehole for a longer time, the sealing plate and the water spray hole rotate, so that the sprayed brine forms a "water curtain", thereby blocking the hot air from escaping from the top of the borehole and prolonging the residence time of the hot air in the borehole, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the hot air. At the same time, the formation of the water curtain can also increase the sealing of the borehole, so that the high-pressure hot air can act more fully on the inner wall of the borehole and the salt particles, promoting the dissolution and dispersion of the salt particles.

[0037] Furthermore, the salt-spreading pipe consists of multiple salt-spreading pipes arranged along the central axis of the second air supply pipe; the sealing disc is located above the salt-spreading pipes, and the water spray holes consist of multiple water spray holes arranged around the center of the sealing disc, with all the water spray holes located on the outer edge of the sealing disc.

[0038] The principle and effect of this scheme are as follows: (1) Multiple salt-spraying pipes set along the central axis of the second air supply pipe can increase the salt-spraying range and avoid the problem of uneven salt-spraying caused by the limited spraying range of a single salt-spraying pipe. (2) The sealing plate is set above the salt-spraying pipe, so that the salt-spraying position is sealed with the bottom of the borehole, preventing the hot air generated during the salt-spraying process from rising and escaping out of the borehole.

[0039] Furthermore, the water pumping pipe is a flexible hose, and the length of the water pumping pipe is not less than the depth of the blast hole.

[0040] The principle and effect of this scheme are as follows: Since the salt spreading device needs to move up and down inside the borehole, the water pumping pipe is set as a flexible hose with a depth not less than that of the borehole, so that the opening of the water pumping pipe is always in contact with the bottom of the borehole, thereby drawing the brine from the bottom. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a deep-hole slotting blasting method for a non-cutting well according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a deep-hole slotting blasting device for a ceiling without cutting, according to the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the salt storage component, salt spreading component, and sealing component of the present invention.

[0044] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: salt storage assembly 1, salt storage chamber 11, salt outlet pipe 12, piston 13, spring 14, salt spreading assembly 2, salt spreading pipe 21, air supply pipe 22, first air supply pipe 221, second air supply pipe 222, drive assembly 3, first fan blade 31, rotary joint 32, second fan blade 33, sealing assembly 4, base 41, water pump 42, pressing head 421, water pumping pipe 422, water outlet 423, sealing plate 43, turntable 44, protrusion 45, water spray hole 46, and cannon hole 5. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following will describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to embodiments, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example:

[0047] Please see Figure 1 A method for deep-hole slotting blasting in a shaft without cutting, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step S10: Clean and level the construction site to ensure the safety and cleanliness of the construction site, and prepare drilling rigs, charging equipment, blasting equipment, salt spreading devices and cleaning equipment;

[0049] Step S20: Arrange the drilling positions according to the rock conditions and drill the holes; after drilling, apply salt to the inner wall of the borehole 5 using a salt spreading device.

[0050] Step S30: Determine the borehole mesh parameters. Based on geological conditions and blasting requirements, determine the minimum resistance line and borehole bottom distance parameters.

[0051] Step S40: Determine the sealing length. Collect and measure the required formula data according to the formula for calculating the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching. Then calculate the shortest sealing length and determine the reasonable sealing length again.

[0052] Step S50: Loading and packing explosives: Load explosives according to the loading coefficient and pack them in place;

[0053] Step S60: Determine the blasting sequence. First, blast the shallow hole top area, then blast the deep hole slotting hole one by one, and adopt a trapezoidal detonation sequence.

[0054] Step S70: Detonation operation, connect the detonation network, and then carry out the blast after ensuring all safety measures are in place;

[0055] Step S80: Push out and clean the trench wall. After the blasting is completed, use a pushing device to push out the trench wall to form a complete trench. Then clean up the blasting site to ensure safety and prepare for subsequent mining operations.

[0056] Furthermore, in step S20, a drilling rig is used to drill holes at predetermined locations; for areas with poor rock conditions, a combination of shallow hole top-down and deep hole drilling can be used; for areas with good rock conditions and high segment height, shallow cutting wells with a depth not exceeding 8m are used in combination with deep holes for slotting; in step S30, the minimum resistance line of the hole diameter for deep hole blasting is taken as 23 to 30 times the drill bit diameter.

[0057] Furthermore, in step S40, the formula for calculating the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] Where L1 is the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching; γ is the expansion adiabatic index of the detonation products, taken as 3; ρ0 is the density of the explosive used; D is the detonation velocity of the explosive; k is the radial charge decoupling coefficient; l e l is the axial charge coefficient. e =(L a +L c ) / L c L a L is the total length of the air section inside the hole. c d is the total length of the explosive section inside the hole; n is the pressure amplification coefficient when the explosive products expand and collide with the borehole wall, taken as 10; d is the borehole diameter; d c λ is the diameter of the crushing ring; f is the static friction coefficient between the blockage body and the hole wall; λ is the lateral pressure coefficient; F w ρ is the confining pressure of the borehole wall on the plug; ρ1 is the density of the plug; θ is the borehole inclination angle; g is the gravitational acceleration, taken as 9.8.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S60, the shallow hole roof drop area on the inner side of the horizontal tunnel is first blasted, and then the fan-shaped deep holes are blasted one by one. Then, the inclined plane formed after the shallow hole roof drop blasting is used as the free surface, and the deep hole slotting holes are blasted one after another. The blasting sequence is carried out in sections from large-angle holes to small-angle holes, with two detonating shells arranged in each hole, one at the bottom of the hole and one in the middle of the hole. Finally, a trapezoidal detonation sequence is adopted. First, a trapezoidal space is blasted in the middle of the free surface to create sufficient free surface and compensation space for the subsequent blasting of the fan-shaped deep holes. Then, the deep holes in the same section on both sides are detonated. In step S70, industrial electronic detonators and intelligent detonators are used to connect the detonation network.

[0061] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention also provides a deep-hole grooving blasting device for non-cutting wells, including blasting equipment and a salt spreading device. The blasting equipment includes existing technologies such as drilling rigs. The salt spreading device includes a salt storage component 1, a salt spreading component 2, a driving component 3, and a sealing component 4.

[0062] The salt storage assembly 1 includes a salt storage chamber 11 and a salt outlet pipe 12. The salt storage chamber 11 is filled with industrial salt. The salt outlet pipe 12 is connected to the top of the salt storage chamber 11. A piston 13 and springs 14 are installed inside the salt storage chamber 11. The piston 13 is slidably connected to the interior of the salt storage chamber 11, dividing the salt storage chamber 11 into two chambers. The upper chamber of the piston 13 is used to store industrial salt. The lower end of the piston 13 is fixedly connected to one end of each of the two springs 14. The free ends of the springs 14 are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the salt storage chamber 11. Initially, because the salt storage chamber 11 is filled with industrial salt, the springs 14 are in a compressed state, providing preload to push the piston 13 towards the opening of the salt outlet pipe 12. As salt is spread, the springs 14 drive the piston 13 to move towards the salt outlet pipe 12, allowing the salt in the salt storage chamber 11 to continuously pass through the salt outlet pipe 12 into the salt spreading pipe 21, thus realizing the salt spreading operation.

[0063] The salt-spreading assembly 2 includes an air supply pipe 22 and four salt-spreading pipes 21 arranged circumferentially along the central axis of the air supply pipe 22. The air supply pipe 22 includes a first air supply pipe 221 and a second air supply pipe 222. The second air supply pipe 222 is connected to the first air supply pipe 221 via a rotary joint 32. The four salt-spreading pipes 21 are connected to the second air supply pipe 222, which is also connected to the salt outlet pipe 12. The salt-spreading pipes 21, the second air supply pipe 222, and the salt outlet pipe 12 all form an "L" shape, allowing the high-pressure air source passing through the second air supply pipe 222 to draw salt particles from the salt storage chamber 11 into the salt-spreading pipes 21 through the salt outlet pipe 12 via Bernoulli's principle. Then, the salt particles are sprayed out from the free end of the salt-spreading pipes 21. The flow direction of the salt particles and gas is as follows: Figure 2 As indicated by the middle arrow.

[0064] The drive assembly 3 includes a steam generator, a screw jack, and a first fan blade 31. Both the screw jack and the steam generator are existing technologies. The screw jack drives the air delivery pipe 22 to move up and down within the borehole 5, enabling the salt-spreading device to move vertically within the borehole 5. Salt can be spread from the bottom to the top of the borehole 5, achieving uniform salt application. The steam generator provides a high-pressure hot air source to the air delivery pipe 22, providing the necessary power for salt application. Furthermore, because the air source is a hot gas, it increases the activity of the salt particles, making them more likely to interact with the moist inner wall surface of the borehole, thus adhering more effectively to the wall surface and improving the uniformity of salt application and the antifreeze effect. The first fan blade 31 is located inside the second air delivery pipe 222, and one end of the shaft of the first fan blade 31 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second air delivery pipe 222. The other end of the shaft of the first fan blade 31 is fixedly connected to the top of the salt storage chamber 11. When the first fan blade 31 rotates, it will synchronously drive the second air supply pipe 222, the salt spreading pipe 21, and the salt storage chamber 11 to rotate. The outer wall of the salt outlet pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber 11. The outer wall of the salt storage chamber 11 is provided with a second fan blade 33. Since the salt storage chamber 11 needs to rotate, it needs to be made of a lightweight material, such as plastic. In short, the first fan blade 31 can drive the second air supply pipe 222, the salt spreading pipe 21, and the salt storage chamber 11 to rotate.

[0065] Specific working principle: Industrial salt is pre-stored in the salt storage chamber 11. Then, the salt spreading device is placed into the borehole 5. During the salt spreading process, a steam generator supplies high-pressure hot gas to the salt spreading pipe 21 through the air supply pipe 22, and drives the air supply pipe 22 to move up and down inside the borehole 5 through a screw jack. Salt can be spread from the bottom to the top of the borehole 5. After the high-pressure hot gas enters the second air supply pipe 22, due to the Bernoulli principle, the salt outlet pipe 12 transports the salt in the salt storage chamber 11 to the salt spreading pipe 21. Under the action of high-pressure gas, the salt particles are sprayed onto the inner wall of the borehole 5. Simultaneously, when the high-pressure hot gas enters the second air supply pipe 22, the airflow drives the first fan blade 31 to rotate, thereby causing the first fan blade 31 to rotate the second air supply pipe 222 and the salt application pipe 21 circumferentially. The salt particles sprayed at the outlet of the salt application pipe 21 also form a circumferentially distributed spray due to this rotational motion, ensuring that the salt particles are not only evenly sprayed in the depth direction of the borehole 5, but also evenly covered in the circumference of the borehole 5 (i.e., the direction surrounding the inner wall of the borehole 5). At the same time, the rotation of the first fan blade 31 drives the salt storage chamber 11 to rotate, thereby causing the second fan blade 33 to rotate. Because the high-pressure hot gas ejected from the salt application pipe 21 is turbulently propelled by the rotation of the second fan blade 33, the contact area and time between the hot gas and the inner wall of the borehole 5 are increased.

[0066] The sealing assembly 4 includes a base 41, a water pump 42, and a sealing disc 43. The base 41 is located at the bottom of the salt storage chamber 11 and is stationary; that is, the salt storage chamber 11 rotates while the base 41 does not. Therefore, the base 41 is relatively heavy and can be made of materials such as counterweights. This also facilitates the better vertical movement of the salt spreading device within the borehole 5. The salt storage chamber 11 is rotatably connected to the base 41. A turntable 44 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt storage chamber 11, and the turntable 44 is provided with a protrusion 45. The pressing head 421 of the water pump 42 is located inside the base 41, and the protrusion 45 cooperates with the pressing head 421 for intermittently squeezing the pressing head 421. The sealing disc 43 is fixedly located on the outer wall of the second air supply pipe 222 and is located above the salt spreading pipe 21, so that the salt spreading position is sealed with the bottom of the borehole 5, preventing the hot air generated during the salt spreading process from rising. The water jet rises and escapes from the borehole 5; the sealing plate 43 is provided with a water spray hole 46, and the water spray hole 46 consists of multiple water spray holes 46 arranged around the center of the sealing plate 43, and the multiple water spray holes 46 are all located on the outer edge of the sealing plate 43. The water spray hole 46 is connected to the outlet end 423 of the water pump 42 through a pipe. The water pump 42's water suction pipe 422 is a flexible hose, and the length of the water suction pipe 422 is not less than the depth of the borehole, so that the opening of the water suction pipe 422 is always in contact with the bottom of the borehole 5, thereby sucking up the brine at the bottom.

[0067] Specific working principle: The rotation of the salt storage chamber 11 drives the turntable 41 to rotate, thereby causing the protrusion 45 to intermittently press the pressing head 421 of the water pump 42. This causes the water pump 42 to draw the brine at the bottom of the borehole 5 through the water pumping pipe 422 to the spray hole 46, from which it is sprayed out. At the same time, since the second air supply pipe 222 is rotating, it drives the sealing plate 43 to rotate. This causes the spray hole 46 to spray the brine circumferentially onto the inner wall of the borehole 5 along the direction of rotation of the sealing plate 43, forming a "water curtain". This prevents the hot air from escaping from the top of the borehole 5, prolongs the residence time of the hot air in the borehole 5, and allows the high-pressure hot air to act more fully on the inner wall of the borehole 5 and the salt particles, promoting the dissolution of the salt particles.

[0068] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A deep-hole grooving blasting device for a non-cutting well, comprising blasting equipment, characterized in that, It also includes a salt-spreading device for use with blasting equipment, the salt-spreading device comprising: A salt storage assembly (1) includes a salt storage chamber (11) and a salt outlet pipe (12), wherein the salt outlet pipe (12) is connected to the salt storage chamber (11); Salting assembly (2), the salting assembly (2) includes a salting pipe (21) and an air supply pipe (22), the salting pipe (21) is connected to the salt outlet pipe (12), and the salting pipe (21) is connected to the air supply pipe (22); the air supply pipe (22) is connected to a high-pressure air source; The salt storage assembly (1) also includes a piston (13) and a spring (14). The piston (13) is located in the salt storage chamber (11) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber (11). One end of the spring (14) is fixedly connected to the piston (13), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber (11). The assembly also includes a drive assembly (3), which includes a steam generator and a screw jack. The screw jack is used to lift the air delivery pipe (22), and the steam generator is used to provide a high-pressure air source for the air delivery pipe (22). The drive assembly (3) further includes a first fan blade (31); the air supply pipe (22) includes a first air supply pipe (221) and a second air supply pipe (222), the first air supply pipe (221) and the second air supply pipe (222) are connected by a rotary joint (32), the second air supply pipe (222) is connected to the salt outlet pipe (12) and the salt spreading pipe (21), the first fan blade (31) is located inside the second air supply pipe (222), and one end of the rotating shaft of the first fan blade (31) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second air supply pipe (222).

2. The deep-hole grooving blasting device for a cutless ceiling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the first fan blade (31) is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber (11), and the outer wall of the salt outlet pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber (11); the outer wall of the salt storage chamber (11) is provided with a second fan blade (33).

3. The deep-hole grooving blasting device for a cut-free ceiling as described in claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a sealing assembly (4), which includes a base (41), a water pump (42), and a sealing disc (43). The base (41) is located at the bottom of the salt storage chamber (11), and the salt storage chamber (11) is rotatably connected to the base (41). A turntable (44) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt storage chamber (11), and a protrusion (45) is provided on the turntable (44). The pressing head (421) of the water pump (42) is located inside the base (41), and the protrusion (45) is configured to cooperate with the pressing head (421). The free end of the water pump pipe (422) of the water pump (42) is located at the bottom of the borehole. The sealing disc (43) is fixedly located on the outer wall of the second air supply pipe (222), and a water spray hole (46) is provided on the sealing disc (43). The water spray hole (46) is connected to the water outlet (423) of the water pump (42) through a pipe.

4. The deep-hole grooving blasting device for a cutless ceiling as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The salt-spraying pipe (21) is a plurality of salt-spraying pipes (21) arranged along the central axis of the second air supply pipe (222); the sealing plate (43) is located above the salt-spraying pipe (21); the water spraying hole (46) is a plurality of water spraying holes (46) arranged around the center of the sealing plate (43), and the plurality of water spraying holes (46) are all located on the outer edge of the sealing plate (43).

5. The deep-hole grooving blasting device for a cutless ceiling as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The water pumping pipe (422) is a flexible hose, and the length of the water pumping pipe (422) is not less than the depth of the blast hole.

6. A method for deep-hole grooving blasting in a shaft without cutting, comprising using the deep-hole grooving blasting device for a shaft without cutting as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S10: Clean and level the construction site to ensure the safety and cleanliness of the construction site, and prepare drilling rigs, charging equipment, blasting equipment, salt spreading devices and cleaning equipment; Step S20: Arrange the drilling positions according to the rock conditions and drill the holes; after drilling, apply salt to the inner wall of the borehole using a salt spreading device. Step S30: Determine the borehole mesh parameters. Based on geological conditions and blasting requirements, determine the minimum resistance line and borehole bottom distance parameters. Step S40: Determine the sealing length. Collect and measure the required formula data according to the formula for calculating the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching. Then calculate the shortest sealing length and determine the reasonable sealing length again. Step S50: Loading and packing explosives: Load explosives according to the loading coefficient and pack them in place; Step S60: Determine the blasting sequence. First, blast the shallow hole top area, then blast the deep hole slotting hole one by one, and adopt a trapezoidal detonation sequence. Step S70: Detonation operation, connect the detonation network, and then carry out the blast after ensuring all safety measures are in place; Step S80: Push out and clean the trench wall. After the blasting is completed, use a pushing device to push out the trench wall to form a complete trench. Then clean up the blasting site to ensure safety and prepare for subsequent mining operations.

7. The method for deep-hole slotting blasting in a cut-free ceiling according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S20, a drilling rig is used to drill a hole at a predetermined location; in step S30, the minimum resistance line of the deep hole blasting hole diameter is taken as 23 to 30 times the drill bit diameter.

8. The method for deep-hole slotting blasting in a cut-free ceiling according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S60, the shallow hole drop area on the inner side of the horizontal tunnel is first blasted, and then the fan-shaped deep holes are blasted one by one. Then, the inclined plane formed after the shallow hole drop blasting is used as the free surface, and the deep hole slotting holes are blasted one after another. The blasting sequence is carried out in sections from large-angle holes to small-angle holes, with two detonating shells arranged in each hole, one at the bottom of the hole and one in the middle of the hole. Finally, a trapezoidal detonation sequence is adopted. First, a trapezoidal space is blasted in the middle of the free surface to create sufficient free surface and compensation space for the subsequent blasting of the fan-shaped deep holes. Then, the deep holes in the same section on both sides are detonated. In step S70, industrial electronic detonators and intelligent detonators are used to connect the detonation network.

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