Communication apparatus and communication method

Abstract

This communication device is provided with: a communication unit which, in a frequency band in which, at a first time, transmits a first signal and receives the first signal in a state in which no signal is transmitted from another communication device or a plurality of communication devices; the frequency band is a frequency band in which at least one communication device that performs transmission and reception processing using the same frequency and the same time period is provided, and the processing can be performed; and a control unit that determines transmission power on the basis of the received first signal, in which the communication unit transmits a second signal to the one communication device or a communication device among the plurality of communication devices using the transmission power at a second time in the frequency band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to communication devices and communication methods. Background Technology

[0002] For example, full-duplex communication has been developed as a communication method to improve the data transmission efficiency and reduce communication latency in wireless communication systems.

[0003] Patent document 1 discloses an example of full-duplex communication. Figure 37 An example of a wireless communication system described in Patent Document 1 is shown.

[0004] For example, Figure 37 As shown, in the wireless communication system described in Patent Document 1, access point 11 is capable of performing full-duplex communication, and can simultaneously receive frames from terminal 1 at 21 and transmit frames to terminal 2 at 22 in the same frequency band (same channel). Alternatively, access point 11 can simultaneously receive frames from terminal 2 at 22 and transmit frames from access point 11 to terminal 1 at 21 in the same frequency band.

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Patent Literature

[0007] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-152723 Summary of the Invention

[0008] Access point 11 has a mechanism to eliminate self-interference signals generated within the device during full-duplex communication. That is, there is a technical problem where, during full-duplex communication, signals may travel from the transmitting section of access point 11 to the receiving section or be reflected, and these signals act as self-interference signals, degrading the characteristics of the received signal.

[0009] The non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure help to provide a technique for suppressing signal characteristic degradation caused by self-interference signals in full-duplex communication.

[0010] A communication device according to an embodiment of this disclosure includes: a communication unit that, in a first time, transmits and receives a first signal in a frequency band where there is no signal transmission from another communication device or multiple communication devices, wherein the frequency band is a frequency band in which at least one communication device performs transmission and reception processing using the same frequency and the same time period, and is capable of performing the processing; and a control unit that determines a transmission power based on the received first signal, wherein the communication unit, in a second time, uses the transmission power to transmit a second signal to one of the communication devices or multiple communication devices in the frequency band.

[0011] In a communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure, a communication device performs the following steps: in a frequency band, at a first time, in a state where no signal is being transmitted from another communication device or multiple communication devices, transmitting and receiving the first signal, wherein the frequency band is a frequency band in which at least one communication device is capable of transmitting and receiving using the same frequency and the same time period; determining a transmission power based on the received first signal; and in the frequency band, at a second time, using the transmission power, transmitting a second signal to the communication device among the one or multiple communication devices.

[0012] These general or specific aspects may be implemented by a system, an apparatus, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, or a recording medium, or by any combination of systems, apparatuses, methods, integrated circuits, computer programs, and recording media.

[0013] According to non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure, it is possible to suppress signal characteristic degradation caused by self-interference signals in full-duplex communication.

[0014] Further advantages and effects of one aspect of this disclosure will be clearly presented by the specification and accompanying drawings. These advantages and / or effects are provided by the various embodiments and the features described in the specification and accompanying drawings, but not necessarily all of them need to be provided in order to obtain one or more of the same features. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1A This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the communication device in Embodiment 1.

[0016] Figure 1B This refers to the communication device in Implementation 1. Figure 1A Diagrams of different structural examples.

[0017] Figure 1C This refers to the communication device in Implementation Method 1. Figure 1A , Figure 1B Diagrams of different structural examples.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the i-th transmitting unit.

[0019] Figure 3 It means Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C A diagram showing an example of the structure of the transmitting panel antenna i.

[0020] Figure 4 It means Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C A diagram showing an example of the structure of the receiving panel antenna i.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of a transmitting device using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).

[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a receiving device when using OFDM.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of a receiving device using a single-carrier method based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).

[0024] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of a receiving device using a time-domain-based single-carrier method.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the communication device in Embodiment 1.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the communication device in Embodiment 1.

[0027] Figure 11A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless system related to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11B It means Figure 11A A diagram showing an example of the communication status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the frequency axis.

[0029] Figure 12A It means Figure 11A , Figure 11B The diagram shows an example of the transmission status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the time axis under the following conditions.

[0030] Figure 12B Yes Figure 11A , Figure 11B The transmission status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the time axis under the following conditions Figure 12A Diagrams showing different examples.

[0031] Figure 12C Yes Figure 11A , Figure 11B The transmission status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the time axis under the following conditions Figure 12A Diagrams showing different examples.

[0032] Figure 12D Yes Figure 11A , Figure 11B The transmission status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the time axis under the following conditions Figure 12A Diagrams showing different examples.

[0033] Figure 12E Yes Figure 11A , Figure 11B The transmission status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the time axis under the following conditions Figure 12A Diagrams showing different examples.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the device TRP1.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the NR-UE1 device.

[0036] Figure 15A It means and Figure 11A A diagram showing examples of different wireless systems.

[0037] Figure 15B Yes Figure 15A A diagram showing an example of the communication status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the frequency axis.

[0038] Figure 15C Yes Figure 15A A diagram illustrating an example of the communication status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the time axis.

[0039] Figure 15D Yes Figure 15A A diagram illustrating an example of the communication status of TRP1 and NR-UE1 on the frequency axis.

[0040] Figure 16 Yes Figure 13 TRP1 and Figure 14 A diagram illustrating the structure of the transmit power control unit of the NR-UE1.

[0041] Figure 17 This diagram illustrates an example of TRP communicating with NR-UE using TDD.

[0042] Figure 18A This diagram illustrates an example of communication between the TRP and the NR-UE using FDD.

[0043] Figure 18B This indicates that when the TRP communicates with the NR-UE using FDD... Figure 18A Diagrams showing different examples.

[0044] Figure 18C This indicates that when the TRP communicates with the NR-UE using FDD... Figure 18A , Figure 18B Diagrams showing different examples.

[0045] Figure 18D This indicates that when the TRP communicates with the NR-UE using FDD... Figure 18A , Figure 18B , Figure 18C Diagrams showing different examples.

[0046] Figure 19 This diagram illustrates an example of communication between TRP1 and NR-UE1 using TDD or FDD.

[0047] Figure 20A This diagram illustrates an example of the interaction between TRP1 and NR-UE1 during TDD or FDD communication, specifically for open-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0048] Figure 20B This diagram illustrates an example of the interaction between TRP1 and NR-UE1 during TDD or FDD communication, specifically for closed-loop transmit power control within NR-UE1.

[0049] Figure 21 This diagram illustrates an example of the interaction between TRP1 and NR-UE1 during TDD or FDD communication, specifically for open-loop transmit power control within TRP1.

[0050] Figure 22A This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are based on Figure 11A A diagram illustrating an example of the interaction between TRP1 and NR-UE1 during communication, used for open-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0051] Figure 22B This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are based on Figure 11A A diagram illustrating an example of the interaction between TRP1 and NR-UE1 during communication, used for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0052] Figure 22C This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are based on Figure 11A A diagram illustrating an example of the interaction between TRP1 and NR-UE1 during communication, used for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0053] Figure 23A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless system in Implementation Method 2.

[0054] Figure 23B Yes Figure 23A A diagram illustrating an example of the communication status of TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 on the frequency axis.

[0055] Figure 23C Yes Figure 23A A diagram illustrating an example of the communication status of TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 on the frequency axis.

[0056] Figure 24A This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the device TRP1.

[0057] Figure 24B This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the TRP2 device.

[0058] Figure 25A This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 perform based on Figure 23A A diagram illustrating an example of the interaction between TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 during communication, used for open-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0059] Figure 25B This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 perform based on Figure 23A The diagram illustrates an example of the interaction between TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 during communication, used for open-loop transmit power control in TRP1 and closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0060] Figure 25C This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 perform based on Figure 23A A diagram illustrating an example of the interaction between TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 during communication, used for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1.

[0061] Figure 26 This diagram illustrates an example of communication between TRP1, TRP2, and the NR-UE.

[0062] Figure 27A1 This is a diagram showing an example of the frequency used by the modulation signal transmitted by the devices TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1.

[0063] Figure 27A2 This represents the frequency used by the modulation signal transmitted by the devices TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1. Figure 27A1 Diagrams showing different examples.

[0064] Figure 28A1 This indicates that the modulated signal transmitted by the devices TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 is as follows: Figure 27A1 A diagram showing an example of the spectrum when using frequency as shown.

[0065] Figure 28A2 This indicates that the modulated signal transmitted by the devices TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 is as follows: Figure 27A2 A diagram showing an example of the spectrum when using frequency as shown.

[0066] Figure 29A1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the signal point configuration in the IQ of a BPSK.

[0067] Figure 29A2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the signal point configuration in the IQ of a BPSK.

[0068] Figure 29B This is a diagram illustrating an example of signal point configuration in the IQ of a QPSK.

[0069] Figure 29C1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signal point configuration in the IQ of a 16QAM signal.

[0070] Figure 29C2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signal point configuration in the IQ of a 16QAM signal.

[0071] Figure 30 This is a diagram showing an example of the frequency used by the modulation signal transmitted by the devices TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1, and an example of the spectrum of the first to fourth frequency blocks.

[0072] Figure 31A This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between TRP1 and NR-UE1.

[0073] Figure 31B1 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 31A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0074] Figure 31B2This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 31A and Figure 31B1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0075] Figure 31C1 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 31A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0076] Figure 31C2 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 31A and Figure 31C1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0077] Figure 32A This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1.

[0078] Figure 32B1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 32A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0079] Figure 32B2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 32A and Figure 32B1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0080] Figure 32C1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 32A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0081] Figure 32C2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 32A and Figure 32C1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0082] Figure 32D1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 32A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0083] Figure 32D2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 32A and Figure 32D1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0084] Figure 33AThis is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and NR-UE1.

[0085] Figure 33B1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 33A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0086] Figure 33B2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 33A and Figure 33B1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0087] Figure 33C1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 33A A diagram illustrating an example of frequency usage during such communication.

[0088] Figure 33C2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 33A and Figure 33C1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0089] Figure 34A This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between TRP1 and NR-UE1.

[0090] Figure 34B1 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 34A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0091] Figure 34B2 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 34A and Figure 34B1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0092] Figure 34C1 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 34A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0093] Figure 34C2 This indicates that TRP1 and NR-UE1 are like Figure 34A and Figure 34C1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0094] Figure 35A This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1.

[0095] Figure 35B1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 35A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0096] Figure 35B2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 35A and Figure 35B1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0097] Figure 35C1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 35A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0098] Figure 35C2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, and NR-UE1 are as follows: Figure 35A and Figure 35C1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0099] Figure 36A This is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, and NR-UE1.

[0100] Figure 36B1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 36A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0101] Figure 36B2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 36A and Figure 36B1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0102] Figure 36C1 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 36A The diagram shows an example of frequency usage when communicating as shown.

[0103] Figure 36C2 This indicates that TRP1, TRP2, TRP3, NR-UE1, etc. Figure 36A and Figure 36C1 A diagram illustrating an example of communication on the timeline when communication is performed as shown.

[0104] Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating an example of full-duplex communication. Detailed Implementation

[0105] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0106] (Implementation 1)

[0107] In this embodiment 1, the communication system, communication device, and communication method will be described.

[0108] Figure 1A This embodiment 1 illustrates an example of the structure of a communication device such as a base station, access point, terminal, repeater, gNB (g Node B), UE (User Equipment), TRP (Transmission Point / Reception Point).

[0109] Furthermore, the following explanation will use NR (New Radio) wireless systems as an example. NR wireless systems typically include base stations and terminals. NR base stations can be referred to as gNBs. NR terminals can be referred to as UEs. However, the terminology is not limited to these. In the following text, NR terminals will sometimes be referred to as "NR-UE".

[0110] Let it be, Figure 1A The communication device has N transmitting units, namely "first transmitting unit 102_1 to Nth transmitting unit 102_N". In addition, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1 or an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0111] Additionally, set it to, Figure 1A The communication device has M transmitting panel antennas for transmission, namely "106_1 transmitting panel antenna 1 to 106_M transmitting panel antenna M". In addition, M is an integer of 1 or more or an integer of 2 or more.

[0112] Let it be, Figure 1A The communication device has n receiving units, namely "first receiving unit 155_1 to nth receiving unit 155_n". In addition, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 or an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0113] Let it be, Figure 1A The communication device has m receiving panel antennas for receiving, namely "151_1 receiving panel antenna 1 to 151_m receiving panel antenna m". In addition, m is an integer of 1 or more or an integer of 2 or more.

[0114] The i-th transmitting unit 102_i takes the control signal 100 and the i-th data 101_i as inputs, performs error correction coding, modulation-based mapping, and other processing, and outputs the i-th modulated signal 103_i. Furthermore, i is an integer greater than 1 and less than N.

[0115] Alternatively, the i-th data 101_i can also be a structure containing data from more than one user. In this case, error correction codes, modulation schemes, and transmission methods can be set separately for each user.

[0116] The first processing unit 104 receives as input an i-th modulated signal 103_i (i is an integer from 1 to N), the control signal 100, and the reference signal 199, and outputs a j-th transmit signal 105_j (j is an integer from 1 to M) based on the frame structure information included in the control signal 100. The i-th modulated signal 103_i may contain a modulation signal with no signal, and the j-th transmit signal 105_j may contain a transmit signal with no signal.

[0117] Next, the jth transmission signal 105_j is output as a radio wave from the transmission panel antenna j of 106_j. Furthermore, the transmission panel antenna j of 106_j can also receive the control signal 100 as input and perform beamforming to change the transmission directionality. Furthermore, the transmission panel antenna j of 106_j can also be switched based on the control signal 100 when transmitting a modulated signal to the communication partner. This will be described later.

[0118] The i-th received signal 152_i is received by the receiving panel antenna i of 151_i. In addition, the receiving panel antenna i of 151_i can also use the control signal 100 as input to perform beamforming to change the receiving directivity. This will be described later.

[0119] The second processing unit 153 takes the i-th received signal 152_i and the control signal 100 as inputs, performs frequency conversion and other processing, and outputs the j-th processed signal 154_j. Furthermore, the i-th received signal 152_i may contain a received signal without a signal, and the j-th processed signal 154_j may also contain a processed signal without a signal.

[0120] The j-th receiving unit 155_j takes the j-th processed signal 154_j and the control signal 100 as inputs. Based on the control signal 100, it performs demodulation, error correction and decoding on the j-th processed signal 154_j and outputs the j-th control data 156_j and the j-th data 157_j.

[0121] Additionally, the j-th control data 156_j can also be a structure containing control data for more than one user. Furthermore, the j-th data 157_j can also be a structure containing data for more than one user.

[0122] The third processing unit 158 ​​receives the j-th control data 156_j as input, generates and outputs the control signal 100 based on information obtained from the communication partner, etc.

[0123] also, Figure 1A The first processing unit 104 of the communication device may also implement processing for transmit beamforming (transmit directionality control), such as precoding processing. Additionally, the second processing unit 153 may also implement processing for receive directionality control. As another example, the first processing unit 104 may output a signal such that the first transmit signal 105_1 is the first modulation signal 103_1, the second transmit signal 105_2 is the second modulation signal 103_2, and the third transmit signal 105_3 is the third modulation signal 103_3. Alternatively, the first processing unit 104 may output a signal such that the first transmit signal 105_1 is the second modulation signal 103_2. Alternatively, the second processing unit 153 may also perform the following processing: outputting the signal after the first signal processing 154_1 as the first received signal 152_1, the signal after the second signal processing 154_2 as the second received signal 152_2, and the signal after the third signal processing 154_3 as the third received signal 152_3. Or, the second processing unit 153 may also perform the following processing: outputting the signal after the second signal processing 154_2 as the first received signal 152_1.

[0124] Figure 1A The structure in the middle can also be added. Figure 1A The structure of the processing unit is not shown. For example, a communication device may also include an interleaver for sorting symbols and / or data, a padding unit for padding, etc. Furthermore, Figure 1A (and Figure 1B , Figure 1C The communication device can also perform transmission and / or reception supporting MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission, which uses multiple antennas to transmit multiple modulated signals (multiple streams). Alternatively, it can also be... Figure 1A (and Figure 1B , Figure 1C The communication device uses a first frequency (band) to perform multi-user MIMO transmission that supports the transmission of modulated signals to multiple terminals at least in a first time interval.

[0125] Figure 1B This refers to communication devices such as base stations, access points, terminals, repeaters, and TRPs in Embodiment 1. Figure 1A Different structural examples. Figure 1B In the Figure 1A The same reference numerals are assigned to parts that perform the same operations, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

[0126] Figure 1BThe key feature is that the number of transmitting units is the same as the number of transmitting panel antennas. At this time, the first processing unit 104 can perform processing for transmitting beamforming (transmitting directivity control), such as precoding. Furthermore, the first processing unit 104 can output the x-th transmitted signal 105_x as the y-th modulated signal 103_y. Additionally, x is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than M, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than M.

[0127] Furthermore, the number of receivers is set to be the same as the number of antennas on the receiver panel. In this case, the second processing unit 153 can also perform processing for receiver directional control. Additionally, the second processing unit 153 can output the signal 154_x after processing the x-th signal as the y-th received signal 152_y. Furthermore, x is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m.

[0128] Figure 1C This refers to communication devices such as base stations, access points, terminals, repeaters, and TRPs in Embodiment 1. Figure 1A , Figure 1B Different structural examples. Figure 1C In the Figure 1A The same reference numerals are assigned to parts that perform the same operations, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

[0129] Figure 1C The characteristic point of is that the number of transmitting units is the same as the number of transmitting panel antennas, and there is no first processing unit. In addition, the number of receiving units is the same as the number of receiving panel antennas, and there is no second processing unit.

[0130] in addition, Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C These are examples of the structures of communication devices such as base stations, access points, terminals, repeaters, and TRPs. The methods of constructing communication devices are not limited to the examples mentioned above.

[0131] Figure 2 An example of the structure of the i-th transmitting unit 102_i is shown. In addition, i is an integer of 1 or more and N or less, or an integer of 1 or more and M or less.

[0132] The data symbol generation unit 202 takes data 201 and control signal 200 as input, and performs error correction coding, mapping, and signal processing for transmission based on information such as error correction coding method, modulation method, transmission method, and frame structure method contained in the control signal 200, and outputs the modulation signal 203 of the data symbols. Furthermore, data 201 is equivalent to the i-th data 101_i, and control signal 200 is equivalent to control signal 100. Therefore, data 201 can also contain data from more than one user.

[0133] The reference signal generation unit 204 takes the control signal 200 as input and generates and outputs the reference signal 205 based on the frame structure information contained in the control signal 200. Furthermore, the reference signal 205 is a signal transmitted to determine the transmit beam and / or receive beam, transmission method, and reception method used for communication with the communication target, as well as to achieve various noise estimations and channel estimations.

[0134] Another signal generating unit 206 receives the control signal 200 as input, generates and outputs another signal 207 based on the control signal.

[0135] The processing unit 251 takes the modulation signal 203 of the data symbols, the reference signal 205, other signals 207, and the control signal 200 as inputs, and generates and outputs a modulation signal 252 that conforms to the frame structure based on the frame structure information contained in the control signal 200. Furthermore, the modulation signal 252 that conforms to the frame structure is equivalent to the i-th modulation signal 103_i. Specific examples of the frame structure will be explained in detail later.

[0136] Figure 3 Shown Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C This is an example of the structure of the transmitting panel antenna i in 106_i. Furthermore, i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M. The distribution unit 302 takes the transmitting signal 301 as input, distributes it, and outputs a first transmitting signal 303_1, a second transmitting signal 303_2, a third transmitting signal 303_3, and a fourth transmitting signal 303_4. Furthermore, the transmitting signal 301 is equivalent to… Figure 1A , Figure 1B The i-th transmission signal 105_i" or " Figure 1C The i-th modulated signal 103_i".

[0137] Multiplication unit 304_1 receives first transmit signal 303_1 and control signal 300 as input. Based on control signal 300, it multiplies first transmit signal 303_1 by a multiplication coefficient, generating and outputting first transmit signal 305_1 multiplied by the coefficient. Next, antenna 306_1 outputs first transmit signal 305_1 multiplied by the coefficient as a radio wave. Control signal 300 corresponds to control signal 100.

[0138] Let's explain this in detail. Let's express first transmitted signal 303_1 as tx1(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is w1, then first transmitted signal 305_1 multiplied by the coefficient can be expressed as tx1(t) × w1. Furthermore, tx1(t) can be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number. Furthermore, w1 can be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number.

[0139] Multiplication unit 304_2 receives second transmission signal 303_2 and control signal 300 as input, multiplies second transmission signal 303_2 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 300, and generates and outputs second transmission signal 305_2 multiplied by the coefficient. Second transmission signal 305_2 multiplied by the coefficient is then output from antenna 306_2 as a radio wave.

[0140] Let's explain this in detail. Let's express second transmitted signal 303_2 as tx2(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is w2, then the second transmitted signal 305_2 multiplied by the coefficient can be expressed as tx2(t) × w2. Furthermore, tx2(t) can be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number. Furthermore, w2 can also be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number.

[0141] Multiplication unit 304_3 receives third transmission signal 303_3 and control signal 300 as input, multiplies third transmission signal 303_3 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 300, generates and outputs third transmission signal 305_3 multiplied by the coefficient. Third transmission signal 305_3 multiplied by the coefficient is then output from antenna 306_3 as a radio wave.

[0142] Let's explain this in detail. The third transmitted signal 303_3 is represented as tx3(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is w3, the third transmitted signal 305_3 multiplied by the coefficient can be represented as tx3(t) × w3. Furthermore, tx3(t) can be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number. Furthermore, w3 can also be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number.

[0143] Multiplication unit 304_4 receives fourth transmission signal 303_4 and control signal 300 as input, multiplies fourth transmission signal 303_4 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 300, and generates and outputs fourth transmission signal 305_4 multiplied by the coefficient. Then, antenna 306_4 outputs fourth transmission signal 305_4 multiplied by the coefficient as a radio wave.

[0144] Let's explain this in more detail. Let's express the fourth transmitted signal 303_4 as tx4(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is w4, the fourth transmitted signal 305_4 multiplied by the coefficient can be expressed as tx4(t) × w4. Furthermore, tx4(t) can be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number. Furthermore, w4 can also be represented by a complex number, so it can also be a real number.

[0145] Alternatively, the absolute values ​​of w1, w2, w3, and w4 may be equal. This is equivalent to a phase change. Of course, the absolute values ​​of w1, w2, w3, and w4 may not be equal.

[0146] The values ​​of w1, w2, w3, and w4 can be switched per frame, per slot, per mini-slot, per multiple symbols, or per symbol. The timing of switching the values ​​of w1, w2, w3, and w4 is not limited to the above examples.

[0147] In addition, Figure 3 The example shown is a transmitter panel antenna consisting of four antennas (and four multiplication units), but the number of antennas is not limited to four; it can be composed of two or more antennas. Furthermore, in... Figure 3 In the case of beamforming in that manner, it is sometimes referred to as "simulated beamforming".

[0148] also, Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C The directional control of the transmitting panel antenna i of 106_i can also be achieved by changing the characteristics of the antenna itself. In this case, the transmitting panel antenna i of 106_i only needs to be composed of one or more antennas.

[0149] Figure 4 It shows Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C This is an example of the structure of the receiving panel antenna i in 151_i. Additionally, i is an integer greater than 1 and less than m.

[0150] Multiplication unit 403_1 receives first received signal 402_1 received by antenna 401_1 and control signal 400 as input, multiplies first received signal 402_1 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 400, and outputs first received signal 404_1 multiplied by the coefficient.

[0151] Let's explain this in detail. Let's express first received signal 402_1 as rx1(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is d1, then first received signal 404_1 multiplied by the coefficient can be expressed as rx1(t) × d1. Furthermore, since rx1(t) can be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number. Furthermore, since d1 can be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number.

[0152] Multiplication unit 403_2 receives second received signal 402_2 received by antenna 401_2 and control signal 400 as input, multiplies second received signal 402_2 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 400, and outputs second received signal 404_2 multiplied by the coefficient.

[0153] Let's explain this in more detail. Let's express second received signal 402_2 as rx2(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is d2, then second received signal 404_2 multiplied by the coefficient can be expressed as rx2(t) × d2. Furthermore, since rx2(t) can be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number. Furthermore, since d2 can also be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number.

[0154] Multiplication unit 403_3 receives third received signal 402_3 received by antenna 401_3 and control signal 400 as input, multiplies third received signal 402_3 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 400, and outputs third received signal 404_3 multiplied by the coefficient.

[0155] Let's explain this in more detail. Third received signal 402_3 is represented as rx3(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is d3, then third received signal 404_3 multiplied by the coefficient can be represented as rx3(t) × d3. Furthermore, since rx3(t) can be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number. Furthermore, since d3 can also be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number.

[0156] Multiplication unit 403_4 receives fourth received signal 402_4 received by antenna 401_4 and control signal 400 as input, multiplies fourth received signal 402_4 by a multiplication coefficient based on control signal 400, and outputs fourth received signal 404_4 multiplied by the coefficient.

[0157] Let's explain this in more detail. Let's express fourth received signal 402_4 as rx4(t). Here, t is time. Furthermore, if the multiplication coefficient is d4, then the fourth received signal 404_4 multiplied by the coefficient can be expressed as rx4(t) × d4. Furthermore, since rx4(t) can be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number. Furthermore, since d4 can also be represented by a complex number, it can also be a real number.

[0158] Coupler / combiner 405 receives as input the first received signal 404_1 multiplied by the coefficient, the second received signal 404_2 multiplied by the coefficient, the third received signal 404_3 multiplied by the coefficient, and the fourth received signal 404_4 multiplied by the coefficient, combines these signals, and outputs a modulated signal 406. Modulated signal 406 is represented by rx1(t)×d1+rx2(t)×d2+rx3(t)×d3+rx4(t)×d4.

[0159] Furthermore, the control signal 400 corresponds to the control signal 100. Furthermore, the modulated signal 406 corresponds to the i-th received signal 152_i.

[0160] Alternatively, the absolute values ​​of d1, d2, d3, and d4 may be equal. This is equivalent to a phase change. Of course, the absolute values ​​of d1, d2, d3, and d4 may not be equal.

[0161] The values ​​of d1, d2, d3, and d4 can be switched by frame, by time slot, by micro-time slot, by multiple symbols, or by symbol. The timing of switching the values ​​of d1, d2, d3, and d4 is not limited to the examples mentioned above.

[0162] In addition, for Figure 4 The example shown is a receiver panel antenna consisting of four antennas (and four multiplication units), but the number of antennas is not limited to four; it can be composed of two or more antennas. Furthermore, in... Figure 4 In the case of beamforming in that manner, it is sometimes referred to as "simulated beamforming".

[0163] also, Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C The directional control of the receiving panel antenna i of 151_i can also be achieved by changing the characteristics of the antenna itself. In this case, the receiving panel antenna i of 151_i only needs to be composed of one or more antennas.

[0164] In this embodiment, Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1CFor example, in the case of communication devices such as base stations, gNBs (g Node Bs), TRPs, and terminals, it is set to support multi-carrier transmission methods such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Alternatively, it could also be... Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C The base station, gNB, TRP, and terminal support OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access).

[0165] Figure 5 An example of the structure of a transmitting device using OFDM is shown. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the transmitting device consists of a constellation mapper 501, a serial / parallel converter 502, and an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) 503.

[0166] Constellation mapper 501, for example, takes data as input, maps it based on a set modulation scheme, and outputs a modulated signal.

[0167] The serial-to-parallel converter 502 converts a serial signal into a parallel signal. Alternatively, if a parallel signal is already obtained, the serial-to-parallel converter 502 may not be necessary.

[0168] The IFFT503 performs IFFT processing on the input signal and outputs a modulated signal based on OFDM. Alternatively, the IFFT503 can also be an inverse Fourier transform unit that performs the inverse Fourier transform.

[0169] In transmitting devices using OFDM, other processing units such as error correction coding units and interleavers can also be present in the transmitting device. Furthermore, it is not limited to... Figure 5 The structure.

[0170] In this embodiment, Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C For example, in the case of communication devices such as base stations, gNBs (g Node Bs), TRPs, and terminals, the communication device may support multi-carrier transmission reception, such as OFDM transmission, or it may support single-carrier reception, such as single-carrier reception based on DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform). The following describes an example of the structure of the single-carrier reception section.

[0171] Figure 6 An example of the structure of a receiving device using OFDM is shown. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the receiving device using OFDM mode consists of a receiving FE processing unit (Rx(Receiver)FE(Front End)processing) 601, an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) 602, a parallel / serial converter 603, and a demapper 604.

[0172] The receiving FE processing unit (Rx FE processing) 601 performs the receiving front-end processing.

[0173] The FFT602 performs FFT processing on the input signal.

[0174] The parallel / serial converter 603 converts parallel signals into serial signals. Alternatively, if a serial signal is already obtained, the parallel / serial converter 603 may not be necessary.

[0175] Demapper 604 performs demodulation processing based on transmission method and modulation scheme.

[0176] In addition, the receiving device may also include other processing units such as a deinterleaver and an error-correcting code decoding unit, and is not limited to... Figure 6 The structure.

[0177] Figure 7 An example of the structure of a receiving device using a DFT-based single-carrier method is shown. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the receiving device comprises a receiver FE processing unit (Rx(Receiver)FE processing) 701, a CP removal unit (CP Removal) 702, an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) 703, a tone demapping 704, an FDE (Frequency Domain Equalization) 705, a DFT 706, and a demapper 707. Other processing units may also be present in the receiving device.

[0178] Figure 8 FIG. 2 shows an example of a structure of a receiving device when a single carrier method based on the time domain is used. Figure 8As shown, the receiving device comprises a receiving FE processing unit (Rx(Receiver)FE processing) 801, a down-sampling and match filtering unit 802, a time domain equalization (TDE) unit 803, a CP removal unit 804, and a demapper 805. Other processing units may also be present in the receiving device.

[0179] The above content illustrates examples of single-carrier receiving methods and receiving device structures, but the examples of single-carrier receiving methods and receiving devices are not limited to these. Examples of single-carrier methods include "DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)-Spread OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)", "Trajectory Constrained DFT-Spread OFDM", "Constrained DFT-Spread OFDM", "OFDM based SC (Single Carrier)", "SC (Single Carrier)-FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)", "Guard interval DFT-Spread OFDM", and time-domain implementation single-carrier methods (e.g., SC (Single Carrier)-QAM).

[0180] Figure 9 This refers to devices (communication devices) that use NR, such as gNB, NR-UE, TRP, and terminals. Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C Diagrams showing examples of different structures. Figure 9 The transceiver panel antenna i of the x705_i in the example has, for example, Figure 3 and Figure 4The antenna is defined as follows: where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 or greater than or equal to 2. Therefore, the transceiver panel antenna i of x705_i can perform transmit beamforming (transmit directivity control) and receive beamforming (receive directivity control).

[0181] In addition, regarding the specific actions of transmit beamforming (transmit directional control) and receive beamforming (receive directional control), as described above, the device performs transmit beamforming (transmit directional control) and transmits reference signals, feedback signals, frames, time slots, modulation signals, data symbols, etc.

[0182] In addition, Figure 9 The diagram shows a structure where the antenna is shared by both the transmitting and receiving panel antennas. However, the transmitting and receiving panel antennas can also be separate. Furthermore, the number of transmitting and receiving panel antennas can be set separately.

[0183] Figure 10 This is another example of the structure of a device (communication device) representing NR, such as a gNB, NR-UE, TRP, or terminal. Figure 10 In the Figure 9 The same reference numerals are assigned to parts that operate in the same manner, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0184] When gNB has Figure 10 When constructing the structure, one or more antennas from "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" are used to perform transmit beamforming (transmit directivity control) and receive beamforming (receive directivity control).

[0185] Furthermore, possessing Figure 10 The gNB with the structure performs transmit beamforming (transmit directivity control) and transmits, for example, reference signals.

[0186] For example, having Figure 10 The gNB with the following structure uses a first transmit beam to transmit a first reference signal, a second transmit beam to transmit a second reference signal, and so on.

[0187] Furthermore, gNB decided to use "transmit beamforming and receive beamforming" to transmit and receive feedback signals, frames, time slots, modulation signals, data symbols, etc., in order to communicate with each terminal.

[0188] When NR-UE has Figure 10 When constructing the structure, one or more antennas from "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" are used to perform transmit beamforming (transmit directivity control) and receive beamforming (receive directivity control).

[0189] Furthermore, possessing Figure 10 The NR-UE with the structure performs transmit beamforming (transmit directivity control) and transmits reference signals.

[0190] For example, having Figure 10 The NR-UE with the following structure uses a first transmit beam to transmit a first reference signal, a second transmit beam to transmit a second reference signal, and so on.

[0191] Next, the NR-UE decides on the "transmit beamforming and receive beamforming" to use for communication with the gNB, and transmits and receives feedback signals, frames, time slots, modulation signals, data symbols, etc.

[0192] In addition, Figure 10 The diagram shows a structure where the antenna is shared by both the transmitting and receiving panel antennas. However, the transmitting and receiving panel antennas can also be separate. Furthermore, the number of transmitting and receiving panel antennas can be set separately.

[0193] Furthermore, the structure of "gNB, NR-UE and other communication devices" is not limited to Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C , Figure 9 , Figure 10 These are just examples.

[0194] Figure 9 The transceiver panel antennas (x705_1 to x705_M) can be composed of one or more antennas. Alternatively, the transceiver panel antennas (x705_1 to x705_M) can also be composed of one or more antenna elements. The transceiver panel antennas (x705_1 to x705_M) are not limited to the structures described in this embodiment.

[0195] Figure 10 The transceiver antennas (x805_1 to x805_m) can be composed of one or more antennas. Alternatively, the transceiver antennas (x805_1 to x805_m) can also be composed of one or more antenna elements. The transceiver antennas (x805_1 to x805_M) are not limited to the structures described in this embodiment.

[0196] in addition, Figure 9 The transceiver panel antenna i of the x705_i in the example is in the x705_i Figure 3 The structure of the transmitting panel antenna and Figure 4 In the case of shared antennas for the receiving panel of the structure, Figure 3 The transmitting antenna 306_1 and Figure 4The receiving antenna 401_1 is shared, making the antenna a single unit, and the shared antenna is connected to the multiplication unit 304_1 and the multiplication unit 403_1.

[0197] Similarly, Figure 3 The transmitting antenna 306_2 and Figure 4 The receiving antenna 401_2 is shared, making it a single antenna. Multiplication unit 304_2 and multiplication unit 403_2 are connected to this shared antenna. Furthermore, Figure 3 The transmitting antenna 306_3 and Figure 4 The receiving antenna 401_3 is shared, making it a single antenna. Multiplication unit 304_3 and multiplication unit 403_3 are connected to this shared antenna. Furthermore, Figure 3 The transmitting antenna 306_4 and Figure 4 The receiving antenna 401_4 is shared, making the antenna a single unit, and the shared antenna is connected to the multiplication unit 304_4 and the multiplication unit 403_4.

[0198] in addition, Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C , Figure 9 , Figure 10 The NR devices of gNB, NR-UE, TRP, etc. can be wireless (communication) devices that use low frequency (e.g., below 24 GHz) or high frequency (e.g., above 24 GHz).

[0199] For example, in the case of high-frequency wireless communication devices, the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are sometimes referred to as omni-directional antennas.

[0200] Regarding omnidirectional antennas:

[0201] gNB and NR-UE in having Figure 9 In the case of the structure, one or more of the transceiver panel antennas from "x705_1 transceiver panel antenna 1 to x705_M transceiver panel antenna M" are used to receive signals.

[0202] In each of the transceiver panel antennas from "transceiver panel antenna 1 of x705_1 to transceiver panel antenna M of x705_M", the antenna constituting the transceiver panel antenna has been configured with a certain receiving beamforming (receiver directivity control).

[0203] Alternatively, not all antennas constituting the transceiver panel antenna can be used for signal reception. Furthermore, the receive beamforming (receiver directivity control) setting can be fixed in time or not.

[0204] Furthermore, the use of transceiver panel antennas in omnidirectional reception is not limited to the examples mentioned above.

[0205] gNB and NR-UE in having Figure 10 In the case of the structure, one or more of the transceiver antennas from "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" are used to receive the signal.

[0206] In each of the transceiver antennas from "transceiver antenna 1 of x805_1 to transceiver antenna m of x805_m", the antennas constituting the transceiver antennas have been configured with a certain receiving beamforming (receiver directivity control).

[0207] Alternatively, not all of the antennas that constitute the transceiver antennas may be used for signal reception.

[0208] Furthermore, the use of transceiver antennas in omnidirectional reception is not limited to the examples mentioned above.

[0209] For example, in the case of high-frequency wireless communication devices, the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are sometimes referred to as directional antennas.

[0210] Regarding directional antennas:

[0211] gNB and NR-UE in having Figure 9 In the case of the structure, one of the transceiver panel antennas from "x705_1 transceiver panel antenna 1 to x705_M transceiver panel antenna M" is used to receive the signal.

[0212] Suppose that when performing signal detection based on directional reception, four types of receive beamforming (receive directivity control) are implemented in each transmit panel antenna.

[0213] For example, when gNB, NR-UE, and TRP perform signal detection based on directional reception, they perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the first parameter, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the second parameter, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the third parameter, and receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the fourth parameter in the transceiver panel antenna 1 of x705_1.

[0214] In addition, when the gNB and NR-UE perform signal detection based on directional reception, the transceiver panel antenna 2 of x705_2 performs receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 5, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 6, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 7, and receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 8.

[0215] Therefore, when performing signal detection based on directional reception, in the transceiver panel antenna i of x705_i, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the (4×i-3)th parameter, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the (4×i-2)th parameter, receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the (4×i-1)th parameter, and receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the (4×i)th parameter are performed. Furthermore, i is an integer greater than 1 and less than M.

[0216] Furthermore, the gNB and NR-UE perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the first parameter to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_1 transceiver panel antenna 1.

[0217] The gNB and NR-UE utilize the second parameter for receive beamforming (receive directivity control) to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_1 transceiver panel antenna 1.

[0218] The gNB and NR-UE utilize the third parameter, receive beamforming (receive directivity control), to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_1 transceiver panel antenna 1.

[0219] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 4 to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_1 transceiver panel antenna 1.

[0220] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 5 to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_2 transceiver panel antenna 2.

[0221] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 6 to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_2 transceiver panel antenna 2.

[0222] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 7 to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_2 transceiver panel antenna 2.

[0223] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 8 to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_2 transceiver panel antenna 2.

[0224] Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the (4×i-3)th parameter to confirm the presence of a signal. Thus, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_i transceiver panel antenna i.

[0225] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) with parameter (4×i-2) to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_i transceiver panel antenna i.

[0226] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) with parameter (4×i-1) to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_i transceiver panel antenna i.

[0227] The gNB and NR-UE utilize receive beamforming (receive directivity control) with parameter (4×i) to confirm the presence of a signal. Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use the x705_i transceiver panel antenna i.

[0228] Additionally, i is an integer greater than 1 and less than M.

[0229] Other examples are provided. gNB and NR-UE, TRP in having Figure 10 In the case of the structure, one or more antennas from "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" are used to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) to receive signals.

[0230] Let's assume that, when performing signal detection based on directional reception, one or more antennas from "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" are used, and g types of receive beamforming (receiver directivity control) are implemented. Furthermore, g is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0231] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the first parameter to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0232] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the second parameter to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0233] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the third parameter to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0234] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 4 to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0235] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 5 to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0236] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 6 to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0237] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 7 to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0238] gNB and NR-UE use one or more of the following antennas: "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using parameter 8 to confirm the presence of a signal.

[0239] Therefore, the gNB and NR-UE use one or more antennas from "x805_1 transceiver antenna 1 to x805_m transceiver antenna m" to perform receive beamforming (receive directivity control) using the i-th parameter to confirm the presence of a signal. Furthermore, i is an integer greater than 1 and less than g.

[0240] The methods for transmitting and receiving beamforming are not limited to the examples mentioned above. For example, in Figure 10 Alternatively, one or more of the transceiver antennas from x805_1 (transceiver antenna 1) to x805_m (transceiver antenna m) can be used to implement transmit beamforming. Furthermore, in... Figure 10 Alternatively, one or more of the transceiver antennas from x805_1 to x805_m can be used to implement receive beamforming.

[0241] Then, in Figure 11AExamples of wireless systems related to the present invention are shown in the figure.

[0242] Let's say, for example Figure 11A As shown, for example, there exists a TRP1 (transmission / reception point) of 1101_1 and an NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0243] At this point, it is set that TRP1 of 1101_1 generates transmit beam 1121_1 and uses transmit beam 1121_1 to transmit the modulated signal (DL: Downlink) to NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0244] Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 generates a receiving beam 1130_1 and uses the receiving beam 1130_1 to receive the modulated signal sent to NR-UE1 by TRP1 of 1101_1.

[0245] Additionally, it is set that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 generates transmit beam 1120_1 and uses transmit beam 1120_1 to transmit the modulated signal (UL: Uplink) of TRP1 to 1101_1.

[0246] Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates a receiving beam 1131_1 and uses the receiving beam 1131_1 to receive the modulated signal sent to TRP1 by NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0247] Figure 11B It shows Figure 11A Examples of the frequency axis states of "TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". Additionally, Figure 11B The horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0248] TRP1 of 1101_1 uses the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for transmitting downlink modulated signals and for receiving uplink modulated signals. At this time, the modulated signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 are received, for example, by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 receives the modulated signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at the first frequency (band) 1190_1. Alternatively, it could be, as... Figure 11B As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 performs communication using TDD (Time Division Duplex) and FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1. Alternatively, it can be... Figure 11B In contrast, TRP1 of 1101_1 does not communicate at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0249] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 uses the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for receiving downlink modulated signals and for transmitting uplink modulated signals. At this time, the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is received, for example, by TRP1 of 1101_1. At this time, TRP1 of 1101_1 receives the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at the first frequency (band) 1201. Alternatively, it could be, as... Figure 11B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 performs TDD communication and FDD communication at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1. Alternatively, it can be... Figure 11B In contrast, NR-UE1 does not communicate at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0250] exist Figure 11B The text illustrates an example where the frequency used for the "downlink" is the same as the frequency (band) used for the "uplink," but the frequency used for the "downlink" and the frequency used for the "uplink" can also be partially the same (band). Furthermore, the frequency used for the "downlink" can be different from the frequency used for the "uplink." TDD and FDD will be discussed later.

[0251] Figure 12A It shows in Figure 11A , Figure 11B This example illustrates the timeline transmission status of TRP1 for 1101_1 and NR-UE1 for 1100_1 under the given conditions. Additionally, Figure 12A , the horizontal axis is time.

[0252] like Figure 12A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends frame 1251 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at the first time. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends frame 1261 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at the first time.

[0253] Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit and receive at the same frequency (or partially the same frequency) and at the same time.

[0254] Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E It shows in Figure 11A , Figure 11B The transmission status of TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 on the time axis under the following conditions. Figure 12A Different examples. Additionally... Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E , the horizontal axis is time.

[0255] like Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends frame 1251 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 during a certain time interval of the first time. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends frame 1261 to TRP1 of 1101_1 during a certain time interval of the first time.

[0256] Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit and receive at the same frequency (or partially the same frequency) and at the same time.

[0257] Furthermore, examples of the timing configuration of frames transmitted by TRP1 in 1101_1 and frames transmitted by NR-UE1 in 1100_1 are not limited to... Figure 12A , 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E As long as both the frame sent by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the frame sent by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist simultaneously, it can be configured at any time.

[0258] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the device for TRP1 of 1101_1. The communication device 1302 takes data 1301 as input and outputs a modulation signal (group) 1303 containing a signal to NR-UE1 destined for 1100_1, and a control signal 1304. Then, the transmitting antenna (group) 1305 takes the modulation signal (group) 1303 and the control signal 1304 as input, generates a transmission signal based on the control signal 1304, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave. At this time, for example, as... Figure 11A As shown, the transmit signal is transmitted using transmit beam 1121_1.

[0259] Receiving antenna (group) 1315 receives by Figure 11AThe modulated signal (received signal 1313) transmitted by NR-UE1 shown in Figure 1100_1. Additionally, the receiving antenna (group) 1315 takes control signal 1314 as input and operates as a receiving antenna based on control signal 1314. Then, the communication device 1302 takes the received signal 1313 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding, and other processing, and outputs received data 1315.

[0260] Communication device 1302 takes data 1351 as input and outputs data for... Figure 11B The transceiver antenna (group) 1354 takes the modulation signal (group) 1352 and the control signal 1353 for communication using "TDD or FDD" as inputs, generates a transmission signal for communication using "TDD or FDD" based on the control signal 1353, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave.

[0261] Transceiver Antenna (Group) 1354 Receiver and Figure 11B The communication device 1302 receives a communication-related signal 1371 using "TDD or FDD". Then, the communication device 1302 takes the received signal 1371 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding and other processing, and outputs received data 1372.

[0262] Thus, for example, TRP1 of 1101_1 can have the following structure, which is used for such Figure 11A , Figure 11B It communicates with NR-UE1 of 1100_1 as shown, and implements communication using "TDD or FDD". Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 can also be... Figure 13 It does not have the structure related to communication using "TDD or FDD".

[0263] Furthermore, when TRP1 of 1101_1 performs communication using "TDD or FDD", the communication target using "TDD or FDD" can be NR-UE1 of 1100_1 or other NR-UEs. Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 can achieve improved data transmission efficiency. Moreover, when the communication target using "TDD or FDD" is NR-UE1 of 1100_1, the data transmission efficiency of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can be improved.

[0264] exist Figure 13 In Chinese, although they are called "transmitting antennas (groups)," "receiving antennas (groups)," or "transmit / receive antennas (groups)," they can also be referred to as antenna ports or other names. When referred to as antenna ports, it can be... Figure 13In this context, the characteristic feature of TRP1 of 1101_1 is that it has its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) containing a signal to NR-UE1 of 1100_1" and "antenna port for performing communication using 'TDD or FDD'". Alternatively, the characteristic feature of TRP1 of 1101_1 is that it has its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) containing a signal to NR-UE1 of 1100_1", "antenna port for receiving a modulated signal (group) containing a signal from NR-UE1 of 1100_1" and "antenna port for performing communication using 'TDD or FDD'".

[0265] Additionally, an antenna port can also be a logical antenna (antenna array) composed of one or more physical antennas. That is, an antenna port does not necessarily refer to a single physical antenna; sometimes it refers to an array antenna composed of multiple antennas. For example, sometimes the number of physical antennas constituting an antenna port is not specified, but rather it is defined as the smallest unit that the terminal station can transmit a reference signal. Furthermore, an antenna port is sometimes also defined as the unit or smallest unit multiplied by the weights of the precoding vector or precoding matrix.

[0266] Regarding "transmitting antenna (group)," "receiving antenna (group)," and "transmitting and receiving antenna (group)," although only one is shown in the attached diagram, there can be multiple ones. "Transmitting antenna (group)," "receiving antenna (group)," and "transmitting and receiving antenna (group)" can be composed of one antenna or multiple antennas.

[0267] In addition, you can also Figure 13 In China, possessing Figure 13 Other than those shown, there are "transmit antenna groups", "receive antenna groups", and "transmit / receive antenna groups".

[0268] exist Figure 13 Although the transmit antenna group 1305, receive antenna group 1315, and transmit / receive antenna group 1354 are independent structures, the design is not limited to this. The transmit antenna function of the transmit antenna group 1305 and the transmit antenna function of the transmit / receive antenna group 1354 can be shared (e.g., implemented by a single transmit antenna group). Furthermore, the receive antenna function of the receive antenna group 1315 and the receive antenna function of the transmit / receive antenna group 1354 can be shared (e.g., implemented by a single receive antenna group).

[0269] Figure 14An example of the structure of the NR-UE1 device of 1100_1 is shown. The communication device 1402 takes data 1401 as input and outputs a modulation signal (group) 1403 containing a signal of TRP1 to be transmitted to 1101_1 and a control signal 1404. Then, the transmitting antenna (group) 1405 takes the modulation signal (group) 1403 and the control signal 1404 as input, generates a transmission signal based on the control signal 1494, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave. At this time, for example, as... Figure 11A As shown, the transmit signal is transmitted using transmit beam 1120_1.

[0270] Receiving antenna (group) 1415 receives by Figure 11A The TRP1 of 1101_1 shown transmits a modulated signal (received signal 1413). Additionally, the receiving antenna (group) 1415 takes control signal 1414 as input and operates as a receiving antenna based on control signal 1414. Then, the communication device 1402 takes the received signal 1413 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding, and other processing, and outputs received data 1415.

[0271] In addition, the communication device 1402 takes data 1451 as input and outputs data for... Figure 11B The transceiver antenna (group) 1454 takes the modulation signal (group) 1452 and the control signal 1453 for communication using "TDD or FDD" as inputs, generates a transmission signal for communication using "TDD or FDD" based on the control signal 1453, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave.

[0272] Transceiver Antenna (Group) 1454 Receiver and Figure 11B The communication device 1402 receives a communication-related signal 1471 using "TDD or FDD". Then, the communication device 1402 takes the received signal 1471 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding and other processing, and outputs received data 1472.

[0273] Thus, for example, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can have the following structure, which is used for such Figure 11A , Figure 11B It communicates with TRP1 of 1101_1 as shown, and implements communication using "TDD or FDD". Alternatively, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also be... Figure 14 The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 does not have the structure related to communication using "TDD or FDD". In this case, the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is composed of, for example, a communication device 1402, a transmitting antenna (group) 1405, and a receiving antenna (group) 1415.

[0274] exist Figure 14 In this context, although the transmitting antenna group 1405, the receiving antenna group 1415, and the transceiver antenna group 1454 are each an independent structure, the design is not limited to this. For example, in... Figure 14 Alternatively, the transmitting antenna function of the "transmitting antenna group 1405" and the "transmitting antenna group 1454" can be shared (for example, implemented by a single transmitting antenna group). Furthermore, the receiving antenna function of the "receiving antenna group 1415" and the "receiving antenna function of the transceiver antenna group 1454" can also be shared (for example, implemented by a single receiving antenna group).

[0275] Furthermore, when NR-UE1 of 1100_1 performs communication using "TDD or FDD", the communication target using "TDD or FDD" can be TRP1 of 1101_1 or other TRPs. Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can achieve improved data transmission efficiency.

[0276] exist Figure 14 In Chinese, although they are called "transmitting antennas (groups)," "receiving antennas (groups)," or "transmit / receive antennas (groups)," they can also be referred to as antenna ports or other names. When referred to as antenna ports, it can be... Figure 14 In this context, the characteristic feature of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is that it possesses its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) 1403 containing a signal sent to TRP1 to 1101_1" and "antenna port for performing communication using 'TDD or FDD'". Alternatively, it could be that... Figure 14 In this context, the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is characterized by having its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) 1403 containing a signal sent to TRP1 of 1101_1", "antenna port for receiving the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1", and "antenna port for conducting communication using 'TDD or FDD'".

[0277] Regarding "transmitting antenna (group)," "receiving antenna (group)," and "transmitting and receiving antenna (group)," although only one is shown in the attached diagram, there can be multiple ones. "Transmitting antenna (group)," "receiving antenna (group)," and "transmitting and receiving antenna (group)" can be composed of one antenna or multiple antennas.

[0278] In this embodiment, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 are used as follows: Figure 11A , Figure 11B " Figure 12A , Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12EThe method of communication as described above is called communication method 1 (or full duplex).

[0279] Next, we will explain the other communication methods.

[0280] Figure 15A This is consistent with the implementation method. Figure 11A Examples of different wireless systems. Let's say, for instance... Figure 15A As shown, there exists TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, in Figure 15A In China, for conducting with Figure 11A The same action parts are accompanied by the same reference numerals, and some descriptions are omitted.

[0281] Let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 communicate using "TDD or FDD" (1501). TDD and FDD will be explained later.

[0282] Figure 15B It shows Figure 15A Examples of the frequency axis states of "TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". Additionally, Figure 15B The horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0283] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 use the first frequency (band) 1190_1 to communicate using "TDD or FDD". Alternatively, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can use frequencies other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for this communication, or... Figure 15B Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 do not use frequencies other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0284] Figure 15C It shows Figure 15A An example of the communication status of NR-UE1 and TRP1 of 1100_1 in terms of time. Figure 15C The middle horizontal axis represents time.

[0285] like Figure 15C As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 perform the following in the second time: Figure 15A Communication shown (1590_1, 1591_1).

[0286] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can also communicate at times other than the second time. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can, as... Figure 15B The frequency of use can also be as described in the text. Figure 15D The frequency of use is as described in the document. The following will proceed... Figure 15D Explanation.

[0287] Figure 15D It shows Figure 15A Examples of the frequency axis states of "TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". Additionally, Figure 15D The horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0288] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 use the second frequency (band) 1190_2 to communicate using "TDD or FDD".

[0289] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can use frequencies other than the second frequency (band) 1190_2 in this communication, or as... Figure 15D Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 do not use frequencies other than the second frequency (band) 1190_2.

[0290] Consider the following two scenarios.

[0291] <Example 1>

[0292] Implement "use" at the first opportunity Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method described in ') (i.e., communication method 1)" is implemented at the second time using "the communication method described in ')". Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C The communication method described.

[0293] <Example 2>

[0294] Implement "use" at the first opportunity Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method described in the document (i.e., communication method 1) is implemented at the first or second time using... Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The communication method described.

[0295] In Examples 1 and 2, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 communicate. Here, as an example of the structure of TRP1 of 1101_1, for instance... Figure 13 The structure. However, the structure of TRP1 in 1101_1 is not limited to... Figure 13 The structure, for example, could also be, in Figure 13 It does not have the structure of transmitting antenna group 1305.

[0296] Additionally, as an example of the structure of NR-UE1 of 1100_1, for example, there is Figure 14 The structure of NR-UE1 is not limited to that of other UEs. Figure 14 The structure, for example, could also be, in Figure 14 It does not have a structure that includes one or more of the following: transmitting antenna group 1405, receiving antenna group 1415, and transmitting / receiving antenna group 1454.

[0297] Let it be that, at this time, it has Figure 13 The TRP1 of structure 1101_1 in the communication device 1302 includes a "transmission power control unit" for controlling the transmission power. Figure 14 The NR-UE1 of structure 1100_1 has a "transmission power control unit" in communication device 1402 for controlling transmission power.

[0298] exist Figure 16 The middle shows having Figure 13 The TRP1 of structure 1101_1 has a "transmit power control unit" and has Figure 14 Example of the structure of the "transmit power control unit" in the NR-UE1 of structure 1100_1.

[0299] like Figure 16 As shown, the transmission power control unit 1601 takes the modulation signal 1602 and the control signal 1600 as inputs, controls the transmission power of the modulation signal 1602 based on the control signal 1600, and outputs the modulation signal 1603 after transmission power control.

[0300] Example 1, Case 1:

[0301] In Example 1, let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can use frequency (bandwidth) α1 (unit Hz) and frequency (bandwidth) β1 (unit Hz) as frequencies (bandwidths) to transmit modulated signals. Wherein, α1 is greater than β1 (α1>β1).

[0302] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is A1.

[0303] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using..." at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is F1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first moment, A1 is set to be below F1.

[0304] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using..." at the second time... Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is G1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, A1 is set to be below G1.

[0305] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is A2.

[0306] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is F2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first moment, A2 is set to be below F2.

[0307] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, when implementing "using..." at the second time... Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15CWhen describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is G2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, A2 is set to be below G2.

[0308] Let's assume that G1 and G2 are equal (G1=G2) and F1 and F2 are different (F1≠F2).

[0309] Regardless of whether the frequency (bandwidth) α1 or β1 is used, when implementing "using" in the second time of the first example of Example 1 Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C In the described communication method, the transmit power (power) A1 and A2 are controlled to improve the reception quality of data in TRP1 of 1101_1. Even when the frequency (bandwidth) dependence is low, good reception quality can be maintained even if the maximum transmit power (power) G1 and G2 are set to be equal.

[0310] On the other hand, when implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 1 at the first moment Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) α1, the transmit power (power) A1 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value F1 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0311] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 1 at the very first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power (power) A2 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value F2 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0312] At this point, α1 and β1 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) α1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β1. The transmission power is controlled in a way that improves the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receive their own transmitted modulated signals as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value F1 of the transmission power at the first time of frequency (band) α1" different from the "maximum value F2 of the transmission power at the first time of frequency (band) β1," the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0313] Furthermore, when F1≠F2, "G1 and F1 can be the same or different", and "G2 and F2 can be the same or different".

[0314] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is B1.

[0315] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using..." at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 of 1101_1 is H1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first moment, B1 is set to be below H1.

[0316] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using..." at the second time... Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C When describing the communication method, the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is I1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, B1 is set to be below I1.

[0317] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is B2.

[0318] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 of 1101_1 is H2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first moment, B2 is set to be below H2.

[0319] In Example 1, first case, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, when implementing "using..." at the second time... Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C When describing the communication method, the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is I2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, B2 is set to be below I2.

[0320] Let's assume that at this point, I1 and I2 are equal (I1=I2), and H1 and H2 are different (H1≠H2).

[0321] Regardless of whether the frequency (bandwidth) α1 or β1 is used, when implementing "using" in the second time of the first example of Example 1 Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C In the described communication method, the transmit power (power) B1 and B2 are controlled to improve the reception quality of data in TRP1 of 1101_1. Even when the frequency (bandwidth) dependence is low, good reception quality can be maintained even if the maximum transmit power (power) I1 and I2 are set to be equal.

[0322] On the other hand, when implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 1 at the first moment Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) α1, the transmit power (power) B1 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value H1 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0323] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 1 at the very first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power (power) B2 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value H2 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0324] At this point, α1 and β1 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio wave at frequency (band) α1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β1. The transmission power is controlled in a way that improves the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receive their own transmitted modulated signals as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio wave, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value H1 of the transmission power at the first time of frequency (band) α1" different from the "maximum value H2 of the transmission power at the first time of frequency (band) β1," the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0325] Furthermore, when H1≠H2, "I1 and H1 can be the same or different", and "I2 and H2 can be the same or different".

[0326] Example 1 of Example 2:

[0327] In Example 2, Example 1, let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 are implementing "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When implementing the communication method 1 described in '), frequency (bandwidth) α1 (unit Hz) can be used. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 are implementing the "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15DThe described communication method allows the transmission of modulated signals using either frequency (bandwidth) β1 (in Hz) or frequency (bandwidth) β2 (in Hz). β1 is greater than β2 (β1 > β2).

[0328] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C1.

[0329] In Example 2, Example 1, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is J1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), C1 is set to be below J1.

[0330] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C51.

[0331] Let's say, in the first or second time of Example 2, the "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is K51 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The C51 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below K51.

[0332] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β2, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C52.

[0333] Let's say, in the first or second time of Example 2, the "using" is implemented at frequency (bandwidth) β2. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is K52 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The C52 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below K52.

[0334] Let's assume that K51 and K52 are different (K51≠K52) at this time.

[0335] When implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 2 Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power (power) C51 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power (power) K51 is set accordingly.

[0336] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 2... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) β2, the transmit power (power) C52 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power (power) K52 is set accordingly.

[0337] At this point, β1 and β2 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) β1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β2. The transmission power is controlled in a way that improves the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receive their own transmitted modulated signals as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value K51 of the transmission power in the first time at frequency (band) β1" different from the "maximum value K52 of the transmission power in the first time at frequency (band) β2", the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0338] Furthermore, if J1≠K51 is satisfied when α1=β1, then the reception quality may be improved. Also, if J1≠K52 is satisfied when α1=β2, then the reception quality may be improved. This is because, "using..." Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method 1 described in ') and "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The "communication methods described" are different.

[0339] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D1.

[0340] In Example 2, Example 1, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 of 1101_1 is L1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), D1 is set to be below L1.

[0341] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D51.

[0342] Let's say, in the first or second time of Example 2, the "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is M51 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The D51 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below M51.

[0343] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β2 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D52.

[0344] Let's say, in the first or second time of Example 2, the "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is M52 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The D52 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below M52.

[0345] Let's assume that M51 and M52 are different (M51≠M52) at this time.

[0346] When implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 2 Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power (power) D51 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value M51 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0347] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of Example 2... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), when using frequency (band) β2, the transmit power (power) D52 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value M52 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0348] At this point, β1 and β2 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) β1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β2. The transmission power is controlled in a way that improves the data reception quality of both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, both TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receive their own transmitted modulated signals as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value M51 of the transmission power at the first time when frequency (band) β1" different from the "maximum value M52 of the transmission power at the first time when frequency (band) β2", the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0349] Furthermore, if L1≠M51 is satisfied when α1=β1, then the reception quality may be improved. Also, if L1≠M52 is satisfied when α1=β2, then the reception quality may be improved. This is because, "using..." Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method 1 described in ') and "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The "communication methods described" are different.

[0350] Example 2, second case:

[0351] In Example 2, the second example is set up so that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 are implementing "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When implementing the communication method 1 described in '), frequency (bandwidth) α1 (unit Hz) or frequency (bandwidth) α2 (unit Hz) can be used. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 implement the "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The described communication method allows the transmission of modulated signals using either frequency (bandwidth) β1 (in Hz) or frequency (bandwidth) β2 (in Hz). Here, α1 is greater than α2 (α1>α2), and β1 is greater than β2 (β1>β2).

[0352] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C11.

[0353] In Example 2, the second example is set to the following: when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is J11 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The C11 of the communication method 1 described in ') is set to be below J11.

[0354] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α2, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C12.

[0355] In Example 2, the second case is set to, when using frequency (bandwidth) α2, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12EWhen using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is J12 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method 1 described in ') is set to be below J12.

[0356] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C61.

[0357] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second example in Example 2, "using" is implemented at the frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is K61 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The C61 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below K61.

[0358] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β2, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is C62.

[0359] Let's say, in the first or second time of the second example in Example 2, the "using" is implemented at the frequency (bandwidth) β2. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is K62 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The C62 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below K62.

[0360] At this point, it could be the following: <1> , <2> , <3> , <4> , <5> One of them is established.

[0361] <1> J11 = J12 = K61, and K61 ≠ K62

[0362] <2> J11 = J12 = K62, and K61 ≠ K62

[0363] <3> J11=J12=ω, and K61≠ω, and K62≠ω, and K61≠K62

[0364] <4> J11≠J12, and K61≠K62

[0365] <5> J11≠J12, and K61≠K62, and K61≠J11, and K61≠J12, and K62≠J11, and K62≠J12.

[0366] As described above, considering the variations in the properties of radio waves at different frequencies (e.g., rectilinearity, diffraction, reflection, etc.), and "using..." Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method 1 described in ') and "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D It can be seen from the differences in the "communication methods described" that if <1> , <2> , <3> , <4> , <5> If one of these conditions is met, appropriate transmission power control can be performed under various circumstances, thereby improving the quality of data reception.

[0367] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D11.

[0368] In Example 2, the second example is set to the following: when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of TRP1 of 1101_1 is L11 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), D11 is set to be below L11.

[0369] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α2 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D12.

[0370] In Example 2, the second case is set to, when using frequency (bandwidth) α2, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E When using the communication method 1 described in '), the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is L12 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E In the communication method 1 described in '), D12 is set to be below L12.

[0371] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D61.

[0372] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second example in Example 2, "using" is implemented at the frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is M61 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The D61 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below M61.

[0373] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β2 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is D62.

[0374] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second example in Example 2, "using" is implemented at the frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is M62 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for use with Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The D62 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below M62.

[0375] At this point, it could be the following: <6> , <7> , <8> , <9> , <10> One of them is established.

[0376] <6> L11 = L12 = M61, and M61 ≠ M62

[0377] <7> L11 = L12 = M62, and M61 ≠ M62

[0378] <8> L11=L12=λ, and M61≠λ, and M62≠λ, and M61≠M62

[0379] <9> L11≠L12, and M61≠M62

[0380] <10> L11≠L12, and M61≠M62, and M61≠L11, and M61≠L12, and M62≠L11, and M62≠L12

[0381] As described above, considering the variations in the properties of radio waves at different frequencies (e.g., rectilinearity, diffraction, reflection, etc.), and "using..." Figure 11A , Figure 11B , Figure 12A (or' Figure 12B , Figure 12C , Figure 12D , Figure 12E The communication method 1 described in ') and "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D It can be seen from the differences in the "communication methods described" that if <6> , <7> , <8> , <9> , <10> If one of these conditions is met, appropriate transmission power control can be performed under various circumstances, thereby improving the quality of data reception.

[0382] Next, we will explain "communication using TDD" and "communication using FDD".

[0383] Figure 17 This is an example of NR-UE communicating with TRP using TDD, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0384] like Figure 17 As shown, TRP sends "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1711_1 at the first moment. At this time, NR-UE does not send the modulation signal at the first moment.

[0385] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1701_1 at the second time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the second time.

[0386] The TRP transmits "Frame 2 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1711_2 at the third time. At this time, the NR-UE does not transmit the modulation signal at the third time.

[0387] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 2 of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1701_2 at the fourth time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the fourth time.

[0388] Figure 18A This is the first example of NR-UE communicating with TRP using FDD, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0389] like Figure 18A As shown, TRP sends "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 at the first moment. At this time, NR-UE does not send the modulation signal at the first moment.

[0390] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 at the second time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the second time. Furthermore, frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0391] The TRP transmits "Frame 2 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_2 at the third time. At this time, the NR-UE does not transmit the modulation signal at the third time.

[0392] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 2 of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_2 at the fourth time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the fourth time.

[0393] Figure 18B It is the communication between the NR-UE and TRP using FDD. Figure 18A The second example is different, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0394] like Figure 18B As shown, the TRP transmits "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 at the first moment. And the NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 at the first moment. Furthermore, frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0395] Figure 18C It is the communication between the NR-UE and TRP using FDD. Figure 18A , Figure 18B The third case is different, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0396] like Figure 18C As shown, the TRP transmits "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 in the first instant. Furthermore, the NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 in a portion of the first instant. Note that frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0397] Figure 18D It is the communication between the NR-UE and TRP using FDD. Figure 18A , Figure 18B , Figure 18C The fourth case is different, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0398] like Figure 18D As shown, the TRP transmits "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 in a portion of the first time. Furthermore, the NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 in the first time. Note that frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0399] In addition, when the NR-UE communicates with the TRP using FDD, the "frames of uplink modulation signals using frequency (band) A" sent by the NR-UE and the "frames of downlink modulation signals using frequency (band) B" sent by the TRP may or may not overlap on the time axis.

[0400] As an example of the time-axis overlap between the "frames of uplink modulation signals using frequency (band) A" transmitted by the NR-UE and the "frames of downlink modulation signals using frequency (band) B" transmitted by the TRP, the following is shown. Figure 18B , Figure 18C , Figure 18D Examples are given, but the overlapping method is not limited to this. As long as there is a time overlap between all or part of the "frame of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" sent by the NR-UE and all or part of the "frame of downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" sent by the TRP, any overlapping is acceptable.

[0401] The above describes the maximum transmit power when the TRP performs transmit power control and the maximum transmit power when the NR-UE performs transmit power control. The following provides examples of the transmit power control steps for both the TRP and NR-UE.

[0402] First, regarding Figure 19 The method of transmission power control when NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 communicate using TDD or FDD (1901) will be explained.

[0403] Figure 20A An example of the interaction between NR-UE1 (1100_1) and TRP1 (1101_1) for open-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 (1100_1) is shown when they communicate using TDD or FDD. Additionally, Figure 20A , the horizontal axis is time.

[0404] like Figure 20A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2001_1 at time 1. In addition, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2002_1 at time 2.

[0405] At this time, control signal 2001_1 includes, for example, parameters related to transmission power that are notified to the terminal (NR-UE1 of 1100_1) at a relatively long period. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2002_1 transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and determines communication conditions (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise power Ratio), etc.). Then, based on the parameters related to transmission power contained in control signal 2001_1 and the determined communication conditions, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power (power) for transmitting the modulated signal. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2013_1_1 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 3 with the determined transmission power (power).

[0406] By controlling the transmission power as described above, the quality of data reception can be improved.

[0407] Figure 20BAn example of the interaction between NR-UE1 (1100_1) and TRP1 (1101_1) for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 (1100_1) during TDD or FDD communication is shown. Additionally, Figure 20B , the horizontal axis is time.

[0408] like Figure 20B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends uplink frame 2013_1_2 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 1. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 estimates communication conditions such as SINR based on the received uplink frame 2013_1_2. In addition, when estimating communication conditions such as SINR, TRP1 of 1101_1 can use the reference signal contained in uplink frame 2013_1_2, or it can use other signals contained in uplink frame 2013_1_2.

[0409] Based on the estimation results of communication conditions such as SINR, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates information (e.g., a TPC (Transmit Power Control) command) related to the setting value of the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, at time 2, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends a control signal 2001_1 containing the information related to the setting value of the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Furthermore, at time 3, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends a reference signal 2002_1 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0410] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power (power) when transmitting the modulation signal based on the information related to the setting value of transmission power (power) contained in control signal 2001_1. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2013_1_3 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 4 with the determined transmission power (power).

[0411] By controlling the transmission power as described above, the quality of data reception can be improved.

[0412] Figure 21 An example is shown of the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 for open-loop transmit power control in TRP1 of 1101_1 during TDD or FDD communication. Additionally, Figure 21 , the horizontal axis is time.

[0413] like Figure 21 As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends uplink frame 2113_1_1 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 1. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 estimates communication conditions such as SINR based on the received uplink frame 2113_1_1. In addition, when estimating communication conditions such as SINR, TRP1 of 1101_1 can use the reference signal contained in uplink frame 2113_1_1, or it can use other signals contained in uplink frame 2113_1_1.

[0414] Based on the estimation results of communication conditions such as SINR, TRP1 of 1101_1 determines its own transmission power. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits downlink frame 2103_1 with the determined transmission power.

[0415] By controlling the transmission power as described above, the quality of data reception can be improved.

[0416] Next, for NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1, use... Figure 11A The method for controlling the transmission power during communication, as described above, will be explained.

[0417] Figure 22A An example is shown of the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 for open-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1, as illustrated in Figure 11. Figure 22A , the horizontal axis is time.

[0418] like Figure 22A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2201_1_1 at time 1. In addition, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2202_1_1 at time 2.

[0419] At this time, the control signal 2201_1_1 includes, for example, parameters related to the transmission power that are notified to the terminal (NR-UE1 of 1100_1) at a longer period, and the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives the reference signal 2202_1_1 transmitted by the TRP1 of 1101_1 and determines the communication status (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.).

[0420] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_1 at time 3 and receives the signal it transmits as a communication status, such as estimating self-interference.

[0421] At time 4, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2202_1_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_2. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2202_1_2 and reference signal 2212_1_2 and determines the communication status (e.g., SINR).

[0422] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulated signal based on parameters related to transmission power contained in control signal 2201_1_1 and the communication conditions measured at times 2, 3, and 4. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2213_1_1 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 5 with the determined transmission power.

[0423] In addition, such as Figure 22A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2203_1_1 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 5. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 5, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 5.

[0424] exist Figure 22A The intervals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to transmit reference signals (time 3), TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 2), and both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 4) exist.

[0425] The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" at time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter). However, when the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 estimates the (received) signal power at time 4, the relatively high power of its own transmitted received signal may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0426] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in time 3. In this case, it has the advantage that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. In addition, TRP1 of 1101_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1".

[0427] It has the following advantages: Based on the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 4, a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5) can be estimated. Furthermore, before the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5), there are reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 4). Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC (Auto Gain Control) for the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist, thereby improving the data reception quality.

[0428] In addition, in order to make it more likely that the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist before the existence of both downlink frames and uplink frames (e.g., time 5), and the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 4) are in time after the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 3) and the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2), the existence of both downlink frames and uplink frames exists (e.g., time 5) is in time.

[0429] The order in which “NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 3)”, “TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)”, “both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 4)”, and “there is a time interval where downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (time 5)” on the timeline is not limited to… Figure 22A The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0430] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 3) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 3) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can perform appropriate transmit power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0431] in addition, Figure 22A It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0432] In addition, Figure 22A In the above, reference signals 2202_1_1 and 2202_1_2 are self-interference reference signals for TRP1 of 1101_1, and reference signals 2212_1_1 and 2212_1_2 are self-interference reference signals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0433] Figure 22A An example of the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 for open-loop transmit power control in TRP1 of 1101_1 is shown when they communicate based on Figure 11, etc. Additionally, Figure 22A In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents time, and the explanations for parts that have already been explained are omitted.

[0434] like Figure 22A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2202_1_1 at time 2 and receives the signal it sends as a communication status, such as estimating self-interference.

[0435] Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 receives the reference signal 2212_1_1 transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3 and determines the communication status (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.).

[0436] At time 4, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2202_1_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_2. Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 receives reference signal 2202_1_2 and reference signal 2212_1_2 and determines the communication status (e.g., SINR).

[0437] Based on the communication conditions measured at times 2, 3, and 4, TRP1 of 1101_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulated signal. Then, at time 5, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits downlink frame 2203_1_1 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 with the determined transmission power.

[0438] In addition, such as Figure 22A As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends uplink frame 2213_1_1 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 5. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 5, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 5.

[0439] exist Figure 22A The intervals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to transmit reference signals (time 3), TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 2), and both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 4) exist.

[0440] TRP1 of 1101_1 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" at time 3. In this case, it has the advantage that TRP1 of 1101_1 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when TRP1 of 1101_1 estimates the (received) signal power at time 4, the relatively high power of the received signal it transmits may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0441] Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 can estimate self-interference based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" in time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that TRP1 of 1101_1 can estimate self-interference while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1".

[0442] It has the following advantages: Based on the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 4, a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5) can be estimated. Furthermore, before the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5), there are reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 4). Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC (Auto Gain Control) for the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist, thereby improving the data reception quality.

[0443] In addition, in order to make it more likely that the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist before the existence of both downlink frames and uplink frames (e.g., time 5), and the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 4) are in time after the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 3) and the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2), the existence of both downlink frames and uplink frames exists (e.g., time 5) is in time.

[0444] The order in which “NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 3)”, “TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)”, “both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 4)”, and “there is a time interval where downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (time 5)” on the timeline is not limited to… Figure 22A The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0445] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 3) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 3) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", TRP1 of 1101_1 can perform appropriate transmission power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0446] in addition, Figure 22A It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0447] In addition, Figure 22A In the above, reference signals 2202_1_1 and 2202_1_2 are self-interference reference signals for TRP1 of 1101_1, and reference signals 2212_1_1 and 2212_1_2 are self-interference reference signals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0448] Figure 22B This shows the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and the TRP1 of 1101_1 performing a data transfer based on... Figure 11A This example illustrates the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 during closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, Figure 22B , the horizontal axis is time.

[0449] like Figure 22B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_3 at time 1, and TRP1 of 1101_1 receives reference signal 2212_1_3 and determines the communication status (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.).

[0450] Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2202_1_3 at time 2. TRP1 of 1101_1 receives the signal it transmits as a communication status, such as estimating self-interference.

[0451] At time 3, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2202_1_4, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_4. Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 receives reference signal 2202_1_4 and reference signal 2212_1_4 and determines the communication status (e.g., SINR).

[0452] Based on the estimation results of communication conditions such as SINR, self-interference, and signal strength, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates information (e.g., a TPC command) related to the setting value of the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, at time 4, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends a control signal 2201_1_2 containing information related to the setting value of the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0453] Alternatively, it could be, such as Figure 22B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends control signal 2211_1_2 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 4. Additionally, in Figure 22B In the above, control signals 2201_1_2 and 2211_1_2 both exist at time 4, but it is also possible that control signals 2201_1_2 and 2211_1_2 exist at different times.

[0454] Based on the information related to the setting of the transmission power contained in the control signal 2201_1_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulation signal. At time 5, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2213_1_2 to TRP1 of 1101_1 with the determined transmission power.

[0455] In addition, such as Figure 22B As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2203_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 5. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 5, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 5.

[0456] exist Figure 22BThe intervals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to transmit reference signals (time 1), TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 2), and both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 3) exist.

[0457] The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" at time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 estimates the (received) signal power at time 3, the relatively high power of its own transmitted received signal may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0458] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in time 1. In this case, it has the advantage that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference while ensuring the dynamic range of the ADC of the receiver. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 1)".

[0459] It has the following advantages: based on the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3, a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5) can be estimated. Furthermore, before the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5), there are reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3). Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC for the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist, thereby improving the data reception quality.

[0460] In addition, in order to make it more likely that "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist before "there are both downlink frames and uplink frames (e.g., time 5)", "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 3)" exists after "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 1)" and "the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)".

[0461] The order of “the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 1)”, “the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)”, “the interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 3)”, and “the interval in which downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (time 5)” on the timeline is not limited to… Figure 22B The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0462] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can perform appropriate transmit power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0463] in addition, Figure 22B It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0464] In addition, Figure 22BIn the above, reference signals 2202_1_3 and 2202_1_4 are self-interference reference signals for TRP1 of 1101_1, and reference signals 2212_1_3 and 2212_1_4 are self-interference reference signals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0465] Figure 22C This shows the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and the TRP1 of 1101_1 performing a data transfer based on... Figure 11A This example illustrates the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 during closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, Figure 22C , the horizontal axis is time.

[0466] like Figure 22C As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2202_1_5 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 1. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2212_1_5 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 1.

[0467] Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 estimates communication conditions such as SINR based on the received "reference signal 2202_1_5 and reference signal 2212_1_5 at time 1". Thus, it can be achieved that TRP1 of 1101_1 can perform SINR estimation taking into account the signal it transmits.

[0468] Based on an estimation of communication conditions such as SINR, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates information (e.g., estimation information based on communication conditions such as SINR) for controlling the transmission power of signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends a control signal 2201_1_3 containing the information for controlling the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 2. Alternatively, it could be as follows: Figure 22C As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends control signal 2211_1_3 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 2.

[0469] Based on the information for controlling the transmit power contained in the control signal 2201_1_3, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmit power when transmitting the modulated signal. At time 3, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2213_1_3 to TRP1 of 1101_1 with the determined transmit power.

[0470] In addition, such as Figure 22C As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2203_1_3 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 3, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 3.

[0471] By controlling the transmission power as described above, the quality of data reception can be improved.

[0472] In this embodiment, an example of the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1" for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is described. Figure 22B , Figure 22C However, the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1" can also be achieved using methods other than this. In this case, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates information (e.g., communication condition estimation information based on SINR, etc.) for controlling the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 based on the communication conditions of the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends a control signal 2201_1_3 containing information for controlling the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulated signal based on this information and transmits the modulated signal with the determined transmission power.

[0473] Figure 22B An example of the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 for closed-loop transmit power control in TRP1 of 1101_1 is shown when they communicate based on Figure 11, etc. Additionally, Figure 22B In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents time, and the explanations for parts that have already been explained are omitted.

[0474] like Figure 22BAs shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_3 at time 1. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives the signal it transmits as a communication status, such as estimating self-interference.

[0475] Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2202_1_3 at time 2. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2202_1_3 and determines the communication status (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.).

[0476] At time 3, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2202_1_4, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2212_1_4. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2202_1_4 and reference signal 2212_1_4 and determines the communication status (e.g., SINR).

[0477] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 generates information (e.g., estimation information based on communication conditions such as SINR) for controlling the transmission power of signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1, based on an estimation result of communication conditions such as SINR. Then, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends a control signal 2211_1_2 containing information for controlling the transmission power to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 4. Alternatively, it could be as follows: Figure 22B As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2201_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 4. Additionally, in Figure 22B In the above, control signals 2201_1_2 and 2211_1_2 both exist at time 4, but it is also possible that control signals 2201_1_2 and 2211_1_2 exist at different times.

[0478] Based on the information for controlling the transmit power contained in the control signal 2211_1_2, TRP1 of 1101_1 determines the transmit power when transmitting the modulated signal. At time 5, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits downlink frame 2203_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 with the determined transmit power.

[0479] In addition, such as Figure 22B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends uplink frame 2213_1_2 to TRP1 of 1101_1 at time 5. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 5, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 5.

[0480] exist Figure 22B The intervals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to transmit reference signals (time 1), TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 2), and both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 to transmit reference signals (time 3) exist.

[0481] The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" at time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 estimates the (received) signal power at time 3, the relatively high power of its own transmitted received signal may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0482] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in time 1. In this case, it has the advantage that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference while ensuring the dynamic range of the ADC of the receiver. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 1)".

[0483] It has the following advantages: based on the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3, a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5) can be estimated. Furthermore, before the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5), there are reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3). Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC for the condition when both downlink and uplink frames exist, thereby improving the data reception quality.

[0484] In addition, in order to make it more likely that "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist before "there are both downlink frames and uplink frames (e.g., time 5)", "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 3)" exists after "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 1)" and "the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)".

[0485] The order of “the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 1)”, “the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)”, “the interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 3)”, “control signal 2201_1_2”, “control signal 2211_1_2”, and “the interval in which downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (time 5)” on the timeline is not limited to the following: Figure 22B The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0486] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can perform appropriate transmit power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0487] in addition, Figure 22B It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0488] In addition, Figure 22BIn the above, reference signals 2202_1_3 and 2202_1_4 are self-interference reference signals for TRP1 of 1101_1, and reference signals 2212_1_3 and 2212_1_4 are self-interference reference signals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0489] Furthermore, data can also be transmitted along with the reference signal.

[0490] The above uses Figure 20B The closed-loop transmit power control of NR-UE in cellular systems under TDD or FDD conditions was explained. The following provides supplementary explanations to this situation.

[0491] The transmission power of uplink signals transmitted by the NR-UE (e.g., PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), etc.) is controlled by a combination of open-loop and closed-loop control. The open-loop control is based on parameters (P0, α, etc.) notified by the TRP at longer periods and the propagation loss (PL) measured by the NR-UE. The closed-loop control is based on TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands notified by the TRP at shorter periods according to the communication status between the TRP and the NR-UE (e.g., the TRP's received SINR). For example, the following formula represents an example of the PUSCH transmission power in TDD or FDD scenarios.

[0492] [Formula 1]

[0493] P PUSCH (i)=min{P CMAX ,10log 10 (M PUSCH (i))+P 0_PUSCH (j)+α(j)·PL+Δ TF (i)+f(i)}···Formula (1)

[0494] Among them, P PUSCH (i) is the transmission power of PUSCH, P CMAX It is the maximum transmission power, M PUSCH (i) is the transmission bandwidth, P 0_PUSCH(j) is a parameter related to the target received power, α(j) is the weighting coefficient of the fractional TPC, PL is the path loss measurement, and Δ TF (i) is the offset dependent on the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), and f(i) is the correction value based on the TPC command.

[0495] On the other hand, with Figure 22B , Figure 22C For example, the closed-loop transmit power control of the NR-UE has been explained as described above. In this case, the transmit power of the PUSCH can be calculated, for example, using the following formula.

[0496] [Equation 2]

[0497] P PUSCH (i)=min{P CMAX_A ,10log 10 (M PUSCH (i))+P 0_PUSCH_A (j)+α _A (j)·PL+Δ TF_A (i)+f _A (i)}···Formula (2)

[0498] Among them, P CMAX_A Therefore Figure 22B , Figure 22C For example, the maximum transmission power, P 0_PUSCH_A (j) is therefore Figure 22B , Figure 22C For example, the parameter related to the target received power, α _A (j) is therefore Figure 22B , Figure 22C For example, the weighting coefficient of part of TPC, Δ TF_A (i) is Figure 22B , Figure 22C For example, the offset depends on the MCS, f _A (i) is Figure 22B , Figure 22C The example uses the correction value based on the TPC command. If the following conditions are met... <11> , <12> , <13> , <14> , <15> If one or more of them are included, then in order to Figure 22B , Figure 22C For example, it can perform appropriate transmission power control.

[0499] <11> P CMAX With P CMAX_A For different values.

[0500] <12> P 0_PUSCH (j) and P 0_PUSCH_A(j) is a different function (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0501] <13> α(j) and α _A (j) is a different function (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0502] <14> Δ TF (i) and Δ TF_A (i) are different functions (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0503] <15> f(i) and f _A (i) are different functions (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0504] In addition, in Figure 22B , Figure 22C When performing closed-loop transmission power control for NR-UE, a different transmission power than equation (2) can also be implemented.

[0505] Figure 22A Reference signals 2202_1_1, 2202_1_2, Figure 22B Reference signals 2202_1_3, 2202_1_4 Figure 22C The reference signal 2202_1_5 is used by the TRP to estimate self-interference, while for the NR-UE, which is the communication target, it is used to estimate the communication status, such as path loss, received electric field strength, and signal power.

[0506] in addition, Figure 22A Reference signals 2212_1_1, 2212_1_2, Figure 22B Reference signals 2212_1_3, 2212_1_4 Figure 22C The reference signal 2212_1_5 is used to estimate self-interference for NR-UE, while for TRP, which is the communication target, it is used to estimate communication status, such as path loss, received electric field strength, and signal power.

[0507] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1, if used Figure 11A The interaction on the time axis of "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1" in the transmit power control during communication as described above illustrates... Figure 22A , 22B , Figure 22C However, it could also be the interaction on the time axis between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1" in transmit power control, to... Figure 22A ,22B , Figure 22C Transmit power control can be implemented using any one or more of the methods mentioned above. Furthermore, the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1" and "TRP1 of 1101_1" on the time axis during transmit power control can also be selected based on time. Figure 22A , 22B , Figure 22C The transmission power control is implemented using one of the methods described above. Thus, the same effects described above can be achieved.

[0508] Figure 20A , Figure 20B , Figure 21 , Figure 22A , Figure 22B , Figure 22C In this context, "signals sent by the NR-UE, such as uplink frames, reference signals, and control signals" can belong to one of the following: UL-SCH (downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), or PRACH (physical random access channel).

[0509] Figure 20A , Figure 20B , Figure 21 , Figure 22A , Figure 22B , Figure 22CIn this context, "signals transmitted by the TRP, such as downlink frames, reference signals, and control signals," can belong to one of the following: PCH (paging channel), BCH (broadcast channel), DL-SCH (downlink shared channel), BCCH (broadcast control channel), PCCH (paging control channel), CCCH (common control channel), common search space, PBCH (physical broadcast channel), SS (Synchronization Signals), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), and PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel). However, it is not limited to these categories.

[0510] Further explanation is provided regarding this embodiment and the FDD in this specification. For example, as shown in the multiple figures, there are multiple instances where the communication device uses multiple first frequencies (or, for example, second frequencies) (bands) for FDD communication.

[0511] Example 1:

[0512] The communication device uses a first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band) when transmitting modulated signals.

[0513] Example 2:

[0514] The communication device receives the modulation signal when the communication target transmits a modulated signal using a first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (frequency band).

[0515] Example 3:

[0516] The first frequency (or, for example, the second frequency) (frequency band) is divided into frequency A and frequency B. The communication device uses frequency A when transmitting a modulated signal. And, the communication target of the communication device uses frequency B when transmitting a modulated signal.

[0517] The above provides three examples, but the example of "a communication device using a first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band) for FDD communication" is not limited to these examples. It is acceptable for the communication device to use the first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band), or a portion of the first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band), for transmission or reception. This applies equally throughout this specification.

[0518] In this embodiment, TRP is described as a communication device / playback device, but it can also be implemented as any of the following: "base station, repeater, access point, broadcast station, gNB (g Node B), eNB (e Node B), node, server, satellite, movable device (electrically powered devices such as electric cars, electric motorcycles (e-motorcycles), electric bicycles, movable robots, electric skateboards, electric-assisted bicycles, electric-assisted skateboards, etc., automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, ships, aircraft, airplanes, etc.), terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance (household electrical machinery), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) device, etc." Therefore, the TRP in this embodiment can also be referred to as "base station, repeater, access point, broadcast station, gNB, eNB, node, server, satellite, movable device as described above, terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance, factory equipment, IoT device, etc." This applies equally throughout this instruction manual.

[0519] Furthermore, while this embodiment is described using the term NR-UE, it can be implemented in the same way as any of the following: "TRP, base station, repeater, access point, broadcast station, gNB, eNB, node, server, satellite, operable device as described above, terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance, factory device, IoT device, etc., communication device / playback device, etc." Therefore, the NR-UE in this embodiment can also be referred to as "TRP, base station, repeater, access point, broadcast station, gNB, eNB, node, server, satellite, operable device as described above, terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance, factory device, IoT device, etc." This applies equally throughout this specification.

[0520] As examples of the structure of devices such as TRP and NR-UE in this embodiment, the following description is provided. Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C , Figure 9 , Figure 10 However, the structure of the device is not limited to these examples. An example of a device with a structure for performing transmit beamforming and receive beamforming has been described, but this embodiment can be implemented even with a device that does not have a structure for performing transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. This applies equally throughout this specification.

[0521] Sometimes, a device can achieve self-interference elimination by performing transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. Alternatively, self-interference elimination can be achieved by having a self-interference elimination function without performing beamforming.

[0522] Furthermore, devices such as TRP and NR-UE can use one or more transmit antennas to transmit one or more modulated signals when transmitting modulated signals. This also applies in this specification.

[0523] (Implementation Method 2)

[0524] In this embodiment, a variation of embodiment 1 will be described.

[0525] Figure 23A This is an example of a wireless system according to this embodiment. Let it be, for example... Figure 23A As shown, there exists TRP1 for 1101_1, TRP2 for 1101_2, and NR-UE1 for 1100_1. Additionally, in Figure 23A In China, for conducting with Figure 11A The same action parts are accompanied by the same reference numerals, and some descriptions are omitted.

[0526] Let it be, Figure 23A In the process, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates transmit beam 1121_1 and uses transmit beam 1121_1 to transmit the modulated signal (DL: Downlink) to NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0527] Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 generates a receiving beam 1130_1 and uses the receiving beam 1130_1 to receive the modulated signal sent to NR-UE1 by TRP1 of 1101_1.

[0528] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 generates transmit beam 1120_1 and uses transmit beam 1120_1 to transmit the modulated signal (UL: Uplink) of TRP2 to 1101_2.

[0529] Therefore, TRP2 of 1101_2 generates a receiving beam 1131_2 and uses the receiving beam 1131_2 to receive the modulated signal sent to TRP2 by NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0530] Figure 23B Shown Figure 23A Examples of the frequency axis states of "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". Additionally, Figure 23B The horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0531] TRP1 of 1101_1 uses the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for transmitting downlink modulated signals. At this time, the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 is received, for example, by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, as... Figure 23B As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 can perform TDD communication and FDD communication at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1. It can also be... Figure 23B In contrast, TRP1 of 1101_1 does not communicate at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0532] TRP2 of 1101_2 uses the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for receiving uplink modulation signals. At this time, TRP2 of 1101_2 receives the modulation signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at the first frequency (band) 1190_1. Additionally, as... Figure 23B As shown, TRP2 of 1101_2 can perform TDD communication and FDD communication at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1. It can also be... Figure 23B Unlike other frequencies (bands) 1190_1, TRP2 of 1101_2 does not communicate.

[0533] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 uses the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for receiving downlink modulated signals and for transmitting uplink modulated signals. At this time, the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is received, for example, by TRP2 of 1101_2. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 at the first frequency (band) 1190_1. Alternatively, it could be, as... Figure 23B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 performs TDD communication and FDD communication at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1. Alternatively, it can be... Figure 23BIn contrast, NR-UE1 does not communicate at frequencies (bands) other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0534] exist Figure 23B The document illustrates an example where the frequency used for the "downlink" is the same as the frequency (band) used for the "uplink," but the frequency used for the "downlink" and the frequency used for the "uplink" can also be partially the same (band). Furthermore, the frequency used for the "downlink" can be different from the frequency used for the "uplink." TDD and FDD have already been explained, so their explanation is omitted here.

[0535] Figure 23C It shows Figure 23A An example of the communication status of NR-UE1 and TRP1 of 1100_1 in terms of time. Figure 23C The middle horizontal axis represents time. Additionally, Figure 23C for Figure 23B The communication status of the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0536] like Figure 23C As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 performs " Figure 23B The transmission of the TRP2 signal to 1101_2 in the "Communication of the first frequency (band) 1190_1" (2391_1).

[0537] In addition, such as Figure 23C As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 performs " Figure 23B The transmission of the signal (2390_1) from NR-UE1 to 1100_1 in the "Communication of the first frequency (band) 1190_1".

[0538] In other words, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 simultaneously transmits and receives modulated signals.

[0539] It should be noted that the signal sent by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to TRP2 of 1101_2 can also exist at a time other than the first time. In addition, the signal sent by TRP1 of 1101_1 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also exist at a time other than the first time. In this case, the "signal sent by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to TRP2 of 1101_2" and the "signal sent by TRP1 of 1101_1 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1" may or may not overlap on the time axis.

[0540] Figure 24A This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the TRP1 device of 1101_1. Additionally, in Figure 24AIn the Figure 13 The same action parts are accompanied by the same reference numerals, and some descriptions of the content that have already been explained are omitted.

[0541] Communication device 1302 takes data 1301 as input and outputs a modulation signal (group) 1303 containing the signal of NR-UE1 to be transmitted to 1100_1 and a control signal 1304. Then, transmitting antenna (group) 1305 takes the modulation signal (group) 1303 and the control signal 1304 as input, generates a transmission signal based on the control signal 1304, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave. At this time, for example, as... Figure 23A As shown, the transmit signal is transmitted using transmit beam 1121_1.

[0542] Communication device 1302 takes data 1351 as input and outputs data for... Figure 23B The transceiver antenna (group) 1354 takes the modulation signal (group) 1352 and the control signal 1353 for communication using "TDD or FDD" as inputs, generates a transmission signal for communication using "TDD or FDD" based on the control signal 1353, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave.

[0543] Transceiver Antenna (Group) 1354 Receiver and Figure 23B The communication device 1302 receives a communication-related signal 1371 using "TDD or FDD". Then, the communication device 1302 takes the received signal 1371 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding and other processing, and outputs received data 1372.

[0544] Thus, for example, TRP1 of 1101_1 can have the following structure, which is used for such Figure 23A , Figure 23B As shown, a modulated signal is transmitted to NR-UE1 of 1100_1, and communication using "TDD or FDD" is implemented. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 can also be... Figure 24A The structure does not include any parts related to communication using "TDD or FDD". In this case, the TRP1 of 1101_1 is, for example, composed of a communication device 1302 and a transmitting antenna (group) 1305.

[0545] Furthermore, when TRP1 of 1101_1 performs communication using "TDD or FDD", the communication target using "TDD or FDD" can be NR-UE1 of 1100_1 or other NR-UEs. Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 can achieve improved data transmission efficiency. Moreover, when the communication target using "TDD or FDD" is NR-UE1 of 1100_1, the data transmission efficiency of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can be improved.

[0546] exist Figure 24A In this context, although they are called "transmit antennas (groups)" or "transceiver antennas (groups)," they can also be referred to as antenna ports or other names. When referred to as antenna ports, in... Figure 24A In this context, the characteristic feature of 1101_1 is that its TRP1 has its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) 1303 containing a signal sent to NR-UE1 to 1100_1" and "antenna port for conducting communication using 'TDD or FDD'".

[0547] Additionally, an antenna port can also be a logical antenna (antenna array) composed of one or more physical antennas. That is, an antenna port does not necessarily refer to a single physical antenna; sometimes it refers to an array antenna composed of multiple antennas. For example, sometimes the number of physical antennas constituting an antenna port is not specified, but rather it is defined as the smallest unit that the terminal can transmit a reference signal. Furthermore, an antenna port is sometimes also defined as the unit or smallest unit multiplied by the weights of the precoding vector or precoding matrix.

[0548] Regarding "transmit antenna (group)" and "receive antenna (group)," although only one is shown in the attached diagram, there can be multiple ones. "Transmit antenna (group)" and "receive antenna (group)" can be composed of one antenna or multiple antennas.

[0549] In addition, you can also Figure 24A In China, possessing Figure 24A Other than those shown, such as "transmit antenna group", "receive antenna group", and "transmit / receive antenna group". For example, TRP1 of 1101_1 could also be as shown. Figure 13 That kind of structure.

[0550] Figure 24B This is a diagram illustrating a structural example of the TRP2 device of 1101_2. Additionally, regarding the process of... Figure 13 The same reference numerals are used for parts of the same operation, and some descriptions are omitted. Receiving antenna (group) 1315 receives data from... Figure 23AThe modulated signal (received signal 1313) transmitted by NR-UE1 shown in Figure 1100_1. Additionally, the receiving antenna (group) 1315 takes control signal 1314 as input and operates as a receiving antenna based on control signal 1314. Then, the communication device 1302 takes the received signal 1313 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding, and other processing, and outputs received data 1315.

[0551] Communication device 1302 takes data 1351 as input and outputs data for... Figure 23B The transceiver antenna (group) 1354 takes the modulation signal (group) 1352 and the control signal 1353 for communication using "TDD or FDD" as inputs, generates a transmission signal for communication using "TDD or FDD" based on the control signal 1353, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave.

[0552] Transceiver Antenna (Group) 1354 Receiver and Figure 23B The communication device 1302 receives a communication-related signal 1371 using "TDD or FDD". Then, the communication device 1302 takes the received signal 1371 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding and other processing, and outputs received data 1372.

[0553] Thus, for example, TRP2 of 1101_2 can have the following structure, which is used for such Figure 23A , Figure 23B As shown, it receives the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and implements communication using "TDD or FDD". Additionally, TRP2 of 1101_2 can also be... Figure 24B The structure does not include any parts related to communication using "TDD or FDD". In this case, the TRP2 of 1101_2 is, for example, composed of a communication device 1302 and a receiving antenna (group) 1315.

[0554] Furthermore, when TRP2 of 1101_2 utilizes "TDD or FDD" communication, the communication target using "TDD or FDD" can be NR-UE1 of 1100_1 or other NR-UEs. Therefore, TRP2 of 1101_2 can achieve improved data transmission efficiency. Moreover, when the communication target using "TDD or FDD" is NR-UE1 of 1100_1, the data transmission efficiency of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can be improved.

[0555] exist Figure 24BIn Chinese, although they are called "receiving antennas (groups)" or "transmitting antennas (groups)," they can also be referred to as antenna ports or other names. When referred to as antenna ports, in... Figure 24B In this context, the characteristic feature of 1101_2 is that its TRP2 has its own independent "antenna port for receiving the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" and "antenna port for communication using 'TDD or FDD'".

[0556] Regarding "receiving antenna (group)" and "transmitting antenna (group)", although only one is shown in the attached figure, there can be multiple ones. "Receiving antenna (group)" and "transmitting antenna (group)" can be composed of one antenna or multiple antennas.

[0557] In addition, you can also Figure 24B In China, possessing Figure 24B Other than those shown, such as "transmit antenna group", "receive antenna group", and "transmit / receive antenna group". For example, TRP2 of 1101_2 could also be as shown. Figure 13 That kind of structure.

[0558] Figure 14 An example of the structure of the NR-UE1 device of 1100_1 is shown. The communication device 1402 takes data 1401 as input and outputs a modulated signal (group) 1403 containing a signal of TRP2 destined for 1101_2 and a control signal 1404. Then, the transmitting antenna (group) 1405 takes the modulated signal (group) 1403 and the control signal 1404 as input, generates a transmit signal based on the control signal 1494, and outputs the transmit signal as a radio wave. At this time, for example, as... Figure 23A As shown, the transmit signal is transmitted using transmit beam 1120_1.

[0559] Receiving antenna (group) 1415 receives by Figure 23A The TRP1 of 1101_1 shown transmits a modulated signal (received signal 1413). Additionally, the receiving antenna (group) 1415 takes control signal 1414 as input and operates as a receiving antenna based on control signal 1414. Then, the communication device 1402 takes the received signal 1413 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding, and other processing, and outputs received data 1415.

[0560] In addition, the communication device 1402 takes data 1451 as input and outputs data for... Figure 23BThe transceiver antenna (group) 1454 takes the modulation signal (group) 1452 and the control signal 1453 for communication using "TDD or FDD" as inputs, generates a transmission signal for communication using "TDD or FDD" based on the control signal 1453, and outputs the transmission signal as a radio wave.

[0561] Transceiver Antenna (Group) 1454 Receiver and Figure 23B The communication device 1402 receives a communication-related signal 1471 using "TDD or FDD". Then, the communication device 1402 takes the received signal 1471 as input, performs demodulation, error correction code decoding and other processing, and outputs received data 1472.

[0562] Thus, for example, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can have the following structure, which is used for such Figure 23A , Figure 23B As shown, it receives the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and implements communication using "TDD or FDD". Alternatively, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also be... Figure 14 The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 does not have the structure related to communication using "TDD or FDD". In this case, the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is composed of, for example, a communication device 1402, a transmitting antenna (group) 1405, and a receiving antenna (group) 1415.

[0563] In addition, Figure 23A The example shown illustrates TRP1 of 1101_1 transmitting a downlink modulated signal. However, it could also be TRP2 of 1101_2 transmitting a downlink modulated signal, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 having the function of receiving the downlink modulated signal transmitted by TRP2 of 1101_2 and transmitting an uplink modulated signal destined for TRP2 of 1101_2. In this case, it is assumed that the frequency (bandwidth) of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is the same as or partially the same as the frequency (bandwidth) of the signal received by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Furthermore, it is assumed that the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and the signal received by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist at the same time, or partially exist at the same time.

[0564] exist Figure 14 In this context, although the transmitting antenna group 1405, the receiving antenna group 1415, and the transceiver antenna group 1454 are each an independent structure, the design is not limited to this. For example, in... Figure 14Alternatively, the transmitting antenna function of the "transmitting antenna group 1405" and the "transmitting antenna group 1454" can be shared (for example, implemented by a single transmitting antenna group). Furthermore, the receiving antenna function of the "receiving antenna group 1415" and the "receiving antenna function of the transceiver antenna group 1454" can also be shared (for example, implemented by a single receiving antenna group).

[0565] Furthermore, when NR-UE1 of 1100_1 performs communication using "TDD or FDD", the communication target using "TDD or FDD" can be TRP1 of 1101_1 and / or TRP2 of 1101_2, or other TRPs. Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can achieve improved data transmission efficiency.

[0566] exist Figure 14 In this context, although they are referred to as "transmitting antennas (groups)," "receiving antennas (groups)," or "transmit / receive antennas (groups)," they can also be called antenna ports or used other names. When referred to as antenna ports, in... Figure 14 In this context, a key feature of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is that it possesses its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) 1403 containing a signal sent to TRP2 for 1101_2" and "antenna port for conducting communication using 'TDD or FDD'". Alternatively, in Figure 14 In this context, the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is characterized by having its own independent "antenna port for transmitting a modulated signal (group) 1403 containing a signal sent to TRP2 of 1101_2", "antenna port for receiving the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1", and "antenna port for conducting communication using 'TDD or FDD'".

[0567] Regarding "transmitting antenna (group)," "receiving antenna (group)," and "transmitting and receiving antenna (group)," although only one is shown in the attached diagram, there can be multiple ones. "Transmitting antenna (group)," "receiving antenna (group)," and "transmitting and receiving antenna (group)" can be composed of one antenna or multiple antennas.

[0568] Next, we will explain the other communication methods.

[0569] Figure 15A This is consistent with the implementation method. Figure 23A Examples of different wireless systems. Let's say, for instance... Figure 15A As shown, there exists TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, regarding... Figure 15A The explanation has already been provided, so it will be omitted.

[0570] Let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 communicate using "TDD or FDD" (1501).

[0571] Figure 15B It shows Figure 15A Examples of the frequency axis states of "TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". Additionally, Figure 15B The horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0572] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 use the first frequency (band) 1190_1 to communicate using "TDD or FDD". Alternatively, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can use frequencies other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1 for this communication, or... Figure 15B Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 do not use frequencies other than the first frequency (band) 1190_1.

[0573] Figure 15C It shows Figure 15A An example of the communication status of NR-UE1 and TRP1 of 1100_1 in terms of time. Figure 15C The middle horizontal axis represents time.

[0574] like Figure 15C As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 perform the following in the second time: Figure 15A Communication shown (1590_1, 1591_1).

[0575] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can also communicate at times other than the second time. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can, as... Figure 15B The frequency of use can also be as described in the text. Figure 15D The frequency of use is as described in the document. The following will proceed... Figure 15D Explanation.

[0576] Figure 15D It shows Figure 15A Examples of the frequency axis states of "TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". Additionally, Figure 15D The horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0577] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 use the second frequency (band) 1190_2 to communicate using "TDD or FDD".

[0578] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can use frequencies other than the second frequency (band) 1190_2 in this communication, or as... Figure 15D Therefore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 do not use frequencies other than the second frequency (band) 1190_2.

[0579] Consider the following two scenarios.

[0580] Example 1X:

[0581] Implement "use" at the first time Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The described communication method is implemented in the second time using Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C The communication method described.

[0582] Example 2X:

[0583] Implement "use" at the first time Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The described communication method is implemented "using" at the first or second time. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The communication method described.

[0584] Furthermore, in Examples 1X and 2X, communication occurs between "TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1" and / or "TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1". In this case, an example of the structure of the transmitting unit of TRP1 of 1101_1 is, for example,... Figure 13 , Figure 24A The structure of TRP1 in 1101_1 is not limited to the following. As noted, the structure of TRP1 in 1101_1 is not limited to... Figure 13 , Figure 24A The structure.

[0585] Additionally, as an example of the structure of NR-UE1 of 1100_1, for example, there is Figure 14 The structure of NR-UE1 is not limited to that of other UEs. Figure 14 The structure, for example, could also be, in Figure 14 It does not have a structure that includes one or more of the following: transmitting antenna group 1405, receiving antenna group 1415, and transmitting / receiving antenna group 1454.

[0586] Let it be that, at this time, it has Figure 13 or Figure 24AThe TRP1 of structure 1101_1 in the communication device 1302 includes a "transmission power control unit" for controlling the transmission power. Figure 14 The NR-UE1 of structure 1100_1 has a "transmission power control unit" in communication device 1402 for controlling transmission power.

[0587] exist Figure 16 The middle shows having Figure 13 or Figure 24A The TRP1 of structure 1101_1 has a "transmit power control unit" and has Figure 14 Example of the structure of the "transmit power control unit" in the NR-UE1 of structure 1100_1.

[0588] like Figure 16 As shown, the transmission power control unit 1601 takes the modulation signal 1602 and the control signal 1600 as inputs, controls the transmission power of the modulation signal 1602 based on the control signal 1600, and outputs the modulation signal 1603 after transmission power control.

[0589] Example 1 of Example 1X:

[0590] In Example 1X, let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 can use frequency (bandwidth) α1 (in Hz) and frequency (bandwidth) β1 (in Hz) as frequencies (bandwidths) to transmit modulated signals. Wherein, α1 is greater than β1 (α1>β1).

[0591] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is AX1.

[0592] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, the "use" is implemented at the first moment. Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is FX1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first instance, AX1 is set to be below FX1.

[0593] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, the "use" is implemented at the second time. Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15CWhen describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is GX1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, AX1 is set to be below GX1.

[0594] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is AX2.

[0595] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, the "use" is implemented at the first moment. Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is FX2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first instance, AX2 is set to be below FX2.

[0596] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, the "use" is implemented at the second time. Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is GX2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, AX2 is set to be below GX2.

[0597] Let's assume that at this point, GX1 and GX2 are equal (GX1=GX2), and FX1 and FX2 are different (FX1≠FX2).

[0598] Regardless of whether the frequency (bandwidth) α1 or β1 is used, when implementing "using" in the second time of the first example of Instance 1X Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C In the described communication method, the transmit power AX1 and AX2 are controlled to improve the reception quality of data in TRP1 of 1101_1. Even when the frequency (bandwidth) dependence is small, good reception quality can be maintained even if the maximum transmit power GX1 and GX2 are set to be equal.

[0599] On the other hand, when implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 1X at the first moment Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23CIn the described communication method, when using frequency (band) α1, the transmit power AX1 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power FX1 is set accordingly.

[0600] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 1X at the first moment Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C In the described communication method, when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power AX2 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power FX2 is set accordingly.

[0601] At this point, α1 and β1 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) α1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β1. The transmission power is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, TRP2 of 1101_2 receives the modulated signal transmitted by TRP of 1101_1 as interference, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives its own modulated signal as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value FX1 of the transmission power at the first time when frequency (band) α1" different from the "maximum value FX2 of the transmission power at the first time when frequency (band) β1", the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0602] In addition, when FX1≠FX2 is satisfied, "GX1 and FX1 can be the same or different", and "GX2 and FX2 can be the same or different".

[0603] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is BX1.

[0604] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, the "use" is implemented at the first moment. Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is HX1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first moment, BX1 is set to be below HX1.

[0605] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, the "use" is implemented at the second time. Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C When describing the communication method, the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is IX1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, BX1 is set to be below IX1.

[0606] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is BX2.

[0607] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, the "use" is implemented at the first moment. Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is HX2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the first moment, BX2 is set to be below HX2.

[0608] In Example 1X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) β1, the "use" is implemented at the second time. Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15C When describing the communication method, the maximum value of the transmission power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is IX2 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, in the second time, BX2 is set to be below IX2.

[0609] Let IX1 and IX2 be equal (IX1 = IX2) and HX1 and HX2 be different (HX1 ≠ HX2).

[0610] Regardless of whether the frequency (bandwidth) α1 or β1 is used, when implementing "using" in the second time of the first example of Instance 1X Figure 15A , Figure 15B , Figure 15CIn the described communication method, the transmit power (power) BX1 and BX2 are controlled to improve the reception quality of data in TRP1 of 1101_1. Even when the frequency (bandwidth) dependence is small, good reception quality can be maintained even if the maximum transmit power (power) IX1 and IX2 are set to be equal.

[0611] On the other hand, when implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 1X at the first moment Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C In the described communication method, when using frequency (band) α1, the transmit power (power) BX1 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value HX1 of the transmit power (power) is set accordingly.

[0612] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 1X at the first moment Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C In the described communication method, when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power (power) BX2 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power (power) HX2 is set accordingly.

[0613] At this point, α1 and β1 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) α1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β1. The transmission power is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, TRP2 of 1101_2 receives the modulated signal transmitted by TRP of 1101_1 as interference, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives its own modulated signal as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value HX1 of the transmission power at the first time when frequency (band) α1" different from the "maximum value HX2 of the transmission power at the first time when frequency (band) β1", the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0614] In addition, when HX1≠HX2 is satisfied, "IX1 and HX1 can be the same or different", and "IX2 and HX2 can be the same or different".

[0615] Example 1 of Instance 2X:

[0616] In Example 1 of Instance 2X, let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 are implementing "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When implementing the described communication method, frequency (bandwidth) α1 (unit Hz) can be used. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 are used in the implementation of the method. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The described communication method allows the transmission of modulated signals using either frequency (bandwidth) β1 (in Hz) or frequency (bandwidth) β2 (in Hz). β1 is greater than β2 (β1 > β2).

[0617] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX1.

[0618] In Example 1 of Example 2X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using..." at the first moment... Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is JX1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The CX1 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below JX1.

[0619] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX51.

[0620] Let's say that, in the first or second time of the first instance of instance 2X, "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is KX51 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The CX51 described in the "communication method" is set to be below KX51.

[0621] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β2, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX52.

[0622] Let's say that, in the first or second time of the first instance of instance 2X, "using" is implemented at the frequency (bandwidth) β2. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is KX52 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The CX52 described in the "communication method" is set to be below KX52.

[0623] Let's assume that KX51 and KX52 are different at this time (KX51≠KX52).

[0624] When implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 2X Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C In the described communication method, when using frequency (band) β1, the transmit power (power) CX51 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power (power) KX51 is set accordingly.

[0625] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 2X at the first moment Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C In the described communication method, when using frequency (band) β2, the transmit power (power) CX52 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power (power) KX52 is set accordingly.

[0626] At this point, β1 and β2 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) β1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β2. The transmission power is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, TRP2 of 1101_2 receives the modulated signal transmitted by TRP of 1101_1 as interference, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives its own modulated signal as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value KX51 of the transmission power in the first time at frequency (band) β1" different from the "maximum value KX52 of the transmission power in the first time at frequency (band) β2", the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0627] Furthermore, if JX1≠KX51 is satisfied when α1=β1, then the reception quality may be improved. Also, if JX1≠KX52 is satisfied when α1=β2, then the reception quality may be improved. This is because, "using..." Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The described communication method and the use Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The "communication methods described" are different.

[0628] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX1.

[0629] In Example 1 of Example 2X, let's assume that when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using..." at the first moment... Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is LX1 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The DX1 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below LX1.

[0630] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX51.

[0631] Let's say that, in the first or second time of the first instance of instance 2X, "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is MX51 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The DX51 described in the "communication method" is set to be below MX51.

[0632] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β2 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX52.

[0633] Let's say that, in the first or second time of the first instance of instance 2X, "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is MX52 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The DX52 described in the "communication method" is set to be below MX52.

[0634] Let's assume that, at this point, MX51 and MX52 are different (MX51≠MX52).

[0635] When implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 2X Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When using the described communication method, the transmit power DX51 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 when using frequency (band) β1. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power MX51 is set accordingly.

[0636] Similarly, when implementing "using" in the first instance of instance 2X at the first moment Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23CWhen using the described communication method, the transmit power DX52 is controlled to improve the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 when using frequency (band) β2. Since TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 perform reception operations at the first moment, the maximum value of the transmit power MX52 is set accordingly.

[0637] At this point, β1 and β2 are different values. Therefore, the properties of the radio waves at frequency (band) β1 (e.g., direct propagation, diffraction, reflection, etc.) are different from those at frequency (band) β2. The transmission power is controlled in a way that improves the data reception quality of both TRP2 of 1101_2 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1. At this time, TRP2 of 1101_2 receives the modulated signal transmitted by TRP of 1101_1 as interference, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives its own modulated signal as interference. The degree of this interference depends on the properties of the radio waves, i.e., it depends on the frequency (band). Therefore, by making the "maximum value MX51 of the transmission power in the first time at frequency (band) β1" different from the "maximum value MX52 of the transmission power in the first time at frequency (band) β2", the effect of improving the data reception quality in each device can be obtained.

[0638] Furthermore, if LX1≠MX51 is satisfied when α1=β1, then the reception quality may be improved. Also, if LX1≠MX52 is satisfied when α1=β2, then the reception quality may be improved. This is because, "using..." Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The communication method described and the use Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The "communication methods described" are different.

[0639] Example 2 of Example 2X:

[0640] In Example 2X, let's assume that NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 are implementing "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, frequency (bandwidth) α1 (unit: Hz) or frequency (bandwidth) α2 (unit: Hz) can be used. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 implement the "using..." Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15DThe described communication method allows the transmission of modulated signals using either frequency (bandwidth) β1 (in Hz) or frequency (bandwidth) β2 (in Hz). Here, α1 is greater than α2 (α1>α2), and β1 is greater than β2 (β1>β2).

[0641] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX11.

[0642] In Example 2X, the second case is set to, when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is JX11 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The CX11 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below JX11.

[0643] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) α2, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX12.

[0644] In Example 2X, the second case is set to, when using frequency (bandwidth) α2, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is JX12 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The CX12 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below JX12.

[0645] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX61.

[0646] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second instance of instance 2X, "using" is implemented at the frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is KX61 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A, Figure 15C , Figure 15D The CX61 described in the "communication method" is set to be below KX61.

[0647] Let's assume that when NR-UE1 in 1100_1 uses frequency (band) β2, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is CX62.

[0648] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second instance of instance 2X, "using" is implemented at the frequency (band) β2. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is KX62 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The CX62 described in the "communication method" is set to be below KX62.

[0649] At this point, it could be the following: <x1> 、 <x2> 、 <x3> 、 <x4> 、 <x5>One of them is established.

[0650] <x1>JX11=JX12=KX61, and KX61≠KX62

[0651] <x2>JX11=JX12=KX62, and KX61≠KX62

[0652] <x3>JX11=JX12=ω, and KX61≠ω, and KX62≠ω, and KX61≠KX62

[0653] <x4>JX11≠JX12, and KX61≠KX62

[0654] <x5>JX11≠JX12, and KX61≠KX62, and KX61≠JX11, and KX61≠JX12, and KX62≠JX11, and KX62≠JX12.

[0655] As described above, considering the variations in the properties of radio waves at different frequencies (e.g., rectilinearity, diffraction, reflection, etc.), and "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The communication method described is the same as the one described. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D It can be seen from the differences in the "communication methods described" that if <x1> 、 <x2> 、 <x3> 、 <x4> 、 <x5>If one of these conditions is met, appropriate transmission power control can be performed under various circumstances, thereby improving the quality of data reception.

[0656] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX11.

[0657] In Example 2X, the second case is set to, when using frequency (bandwidth) α1, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is LX11 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The DX11 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below LX11.

[0658] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) α2 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX12.

[0659] In Example 2X, the second case is set to, when using frequency (bandwidth) α2, when implementing "using" at the first moment... Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is LX12 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The DX12 of the "Described Communication Method" is set to be below LX12.

[0660] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β1 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX61.

[0661] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second instance of instance 2X, the "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is MX61 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The DX61 described in the "communication method" is set to be below MX61.

[0662] Let's assume that when using frequency (band) β2 in TRP1 of 1101_1, the transmission power (power) set by the transmission power control is DX62.

[0663] Let's say that in the first or second time of the second instance of instance 2X, the "using" is implemented at frequency (band) β1. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D When describing the communication method, the maximum transmit power of TRP1 in 1101_1 is MX62 (in dBm, for example). Therefore, for "using Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D The DX62 described in the "communication method" is set to be below MX62.

[0664] At this point, it could be the following: <x6> 、 <x7> 、 <x8> 、 <x9> 、 <x10>One of them is established.

[0665] <x6>LX11 = LX12 = MX61, and MX61 ≠ MX62

[0666] <x7>LX11 = LX12 = MX62, and MX61 ≠ MX62

[0667] <x8>LX11=LX12=λ, and MX61≠λ, and MX62≠λ, and MX61≠MX62

[0668] <x9>LX11≠LX12, and MX61≠MX62

[0669] <x10>LX11≠LX12, and MX61≠MX62, and MX61≠LX11, and MX61≠LX12, and MX62≠LX11, and MX62≠LX12

[0670] As described above, considering the variations in the properties of radio waves at different frequencies (e.g., rectilinearity, diffraction, reflection, etc.), and "using Figure 23A , Figure 23B , Figure 23C The communication method described is the same as the one described. Figure 15A , Figure 15C , Figure 15D It can be seen from the differences in the "communication methods described" that if <x6> 、 <x7> 、 <x8> 、 <x9> 、 <x10>If one of these conditions is met, appropriate transmission power control can be performed under various circumstances, thereby improving the quality of data reception.

[0671] Next, we will explain "communication using TDD" and "communication using FDD".

[0672] Figure 17 This is an example of NR-UE communicating with TRP using TDD, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0673] like Figure 17 As shown, TRP sends "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1711_1 at the first moment. At this time, NR-UE does not send the modulation signal at the first moment.

[0674] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1701_1 at the second time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the second time.

[0675] The TRP transmits "Frame 2 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1711_2 at the third time. At this time, the NR-UE does not transmit the modulation signal at the third time.

[0676] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 2 of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1701_2 at the fourth time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the fourth time.

[0677] Figure 18A This is the first example of NR-UE communicating with TRP using FDD, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0678] like Figure 18A As shown, TRP sends "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 at the first moment. At this time, NR-UE does not send the modulation signal at the first moment.

[0679] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 at the second time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the second time. Furthermore, frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0680] The TRP transmits "Frame 2 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_2 at the third time. At this time, the NR-UE does not transmit the modulation signal at the third time.

[0681] The NR-UE transmits "Frame 2 of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_2 at the fourth time. At this time, the TRP does not transmit the modulation signal at the fourth time.

[0682] Figure 18B It is the communication between the NR-UE and TRP using FDD. Figure 18A The second example is different, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0683] like Figure 18B As shown, the TRP transmits "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 at the first moment. And the NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 at the first moment. Furthermore, frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0684] Figure 18C It is the communication between the NR-UE and TRP using FDD. Figure 18A , Figure 18B The third case is different, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0685] like Figure 18C As shown, the TRP transmits "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 in the first time. Furthermore, the NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 in a portion of the first time. Note that frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0686] Figure 18D It is the communication between the NR-UE and TRP using FDD. Figure 18A , Figure 18B , Figure 18C The fourth case is different, where the horizontal axis represents time.

[0687] like Figure 18D As shown, the TRP transmits "Frame 1 of the downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" 1811_1 in a portion of the first time. Furthermore, the NR-UE transmits "Frame 1 of the uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" 1801_1 in the first time. Note that frequency (band) A and frequency (band) B are different frequencies (bands).

[0688] In addition, when the NR-UE communicates with the TRP using FDD, the "frames of uplink modulation signals using frequency (band) A" sent by the NR-UE and the "frames of downlink modulation signals using frequency (band) B" sent by the TRP may or may not overlap on the time axis.

[0689] As an example of the time-axis overlap between the "frame of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" transmitted by the NR-UE and the "frame of downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" transmitted by the TRP, the following is shown. Figure 18B , Figure 18C , Figure 18D Examples are given, but the overlapping method is not limited to this. As long as there is a time overlap between all or part of the "frame of uplink modulation signal using frequency (band) A" sent by the NR-UE and all or part of the "frame of downlink modulation signal using frequency (band) B" sent by the TRP, any overlapping is acceptable.

[0690] The above describes the maximum transmit power when the TRP performs transmit power control and the maximum transmit power when the NR-UE performs transmit power control. The following provides examples of the transmit power control steps for both the TRP and NR-UE.

[0691] For NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2, if using Figure 23A The method for controlling the transmission power during communication, as described above, will be explained.

[0692] Figure 25A The diagram shows NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 performing based on Figure 23A This is an example of the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" used for open-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1 during communication. Additionally, Figure 25A , the horizontal axis is time.

[0693] like Figure 25A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2501_1_1 at time 1. In addition, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_1 at time 2.

[0694] At this time, the control signal 2501_1_1 contains parameters related to the transmission power that are notified to the terminal (NR-UE1 of 1100_1) at a longer period. The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives the control signal 2501_1_1 and obtains the parameters related to the transmission power.

[0695] In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2502_1_1 sent by TRP1 of 1101_1 and determines the communication status (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, etc.).

[0696] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2512_1_1 at time 3 and receives the signal it transmits itself as a communication status to estimate self-interference.

[0697] At time 4, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2502_1_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2512_1_2. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2502_1_2 and reference signal 2512_1_2 and determines the communication status (e.g., SINR).

[0698] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulated signal based on parameters related to transmission power contained in control signal 2501_1_1 and the communication conditions measured at times 2, 3, and 4. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2513_1_1 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 5 with the determined transmission power.

[0699] In addition, such as Figure 25A As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2503_1_1 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 5. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 5, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 5.

[0700] exist Figure 25A In the interval, there are "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits the reference signal (time 3)", "the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits the reference signal (time 2)", and "the interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit the reference signal (time 4)".

[0701] The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" at time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 estimates the (received) signal power at time 4, the relatively high power of its own transmitted received signal may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0702] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in time 3. In this case, it has the advantage that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference while ensuring the dynamic range of the ADC of the receiver. In addition, TRP1 of 1101_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1".

[0703] It has the following advantages: based on the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 4, a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when "both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5)" can be estimated. Furthermore, before "both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 5)," there are "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 4)." Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC for the condition "when both downlink and uplink frames exist," thereby improving the data reception quality.

[0704] In addition, in order to ensure that the existence of "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 4)" before "the existence of both downlink and uplink frames (e.g., time 5)", the interval in which "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 4)" is more likely to exist after "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 3)" and "the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)".

[0705] The order of "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 3)", "the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)", "the interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 4)", and "the interval in which downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (time 5)" on the timeline is not limited to... Figure 25A The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0706] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 3) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 3) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 4) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can perform appropriate transmit power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0707] in addition, Figure 25A It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0708] In addition, Figure 25A In the above, reference signals 2502_1_1 and 2502_1_2 are self-interference reference signals for TRP1 of 1101_1, and reference signals 2512_1_1 and 2512_1_2 are self-interference reference signals for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0709] Furthermore, data can also be transmitted along with the reference signal.

[0710] Figure 25B The diagram shows NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 performing based on Figure 23A This example illustrates the interaction between NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 during communication, used for open-loop transmit power control in TRP1 of 1101_1. Additionally, Figure 25B , the horizontal axis is time.

[0711] like Figure 25B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2512_1_3 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 1. TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates the communication status (e.g., estimate propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.) based on the received "reference signal 2512_1_3".

[0712] Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_3 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 2. TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates the communication conditions (e.g., propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.) based on the received "reference signal 2502_1_3".

[0713] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2512_1_4 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 3. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_4 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3.

[0714] Then, TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates communication conditions such as SINR based on the received "reference signal 2512_1_4, reference signal 2502_1_4". Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect that TRP2 of 1101_2 can perform SINR estimation taking into account the signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and the signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1.

[0715] Based on estimations of communication conditions such as propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, and SINR, TRP2 of 1101_2 generates information related to setting the transmission power of the signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1. Furthermore, at time 4, TRP2 of 1101_2 sends a control signal 2521_1_1 containing information related to setting the transmission power of the signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1. The communication between TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can be wireless or wired. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can also be a single system.

[0716] Based on information obtained from TRP2 of 1101_1 related to the setting value of the transmit power of the signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP1 of 1101_1 determines the transmit power of the modulated signal to be transmitted. Then, at time 7, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits downlink frame 2503_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 with the determined transmit power.

[0717] In addition, such as Figure 25B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends uplink frame 2513_1_2 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 7. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 7, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 7.

[0718] exist Figure 25B In the data, there are "the interval (time 1) in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits the reference signal", "the interval (time 2) in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits the reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit the reference signal".

[0719] TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" at time 1. In this case, it has the advantage that TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates the (received) signal power at time 4, the high received signal power transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0720] Furthermore, TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the interference from TRP1 of 1101_1 based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" in time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the interference from TRP1 of 1101_1 while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1".

[0721] It has the advantage that it can estimate a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when "both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 7)" based on the reference signal sent by TRP1 at time 1101_1 and the reference signal sent by NR-UE1 at time 1100_1.

[0722] Furthermore, before "both downlink frames and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 7)," there are "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3)." As a result, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC for "the situation where both downlink frames and uplink frames exist," thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0723] In addition, in order to ensure that the existence of "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3)" before "the existence of both downlink frame and uplink frame (e.g., time 5)", the interval between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmitting reference signals (time 3)" is more likely to exist after "the interval between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmitting reference signals (time 1)" and "the interval between "TRP1 of 1101_1 transmitting reference signals (time 2)".

[0724] The order of the following intervals on the timeline is not limited to: "Interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (Time 1)", "Interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (Time 2)", "Interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (Time 3)", and "Interval in which downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (Time 7)". Figure 25B The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0725] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", TRP1 of 1101_1 can perform appropriate transmission power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0726] in addition, Figure 25B It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0727] In addition, Figure 25B In the above, reference signals 2502_1_3 and 2502_1_4 are reference signals used for inter-TRP (or base station, gNB, etc.) interference estimation for TRP2 of 1101_2, and reference signals 2512_1_3 and 2512_1_4 are reference signals used for self-interference estimation for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0728] Furthermore, data can also be transmitted along with the reference signal.

[0729] Figure 25B The diagram shows NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 performing based on Figure 23A This is an example of the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" used for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1 during communication. Additionally, Figure 25B , the horizontal axis is time.

[0730] like Figure 25B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2512_1_3 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 1. TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates the communication status (e.g., estimate propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.) based on the received "reference signal 2512_1_3".

[0731] Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_3 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 2. TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates the communication conditions (e.g., propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.) based on the received "reference signal 2502_1_3".

[0732] Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2512_1_4 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 3. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_4 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3.

[0733] Then, TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates communication conditions such as SINR based on the received "reference signals 2512_1_4 and 2502_1_4". Thus, it is possible to achieve the effect that TRP2 of 1101_2 can perform SINR estimation taking into account the signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and the signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1.

[0734] Based on the estimation results of communication conditions such as SINR, TRP2 of 1101_2 generates information (e.g., a TPC command) related to setting the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, at time 4, TRP2 of 1101_2 sends a control signal 2521_1_1 containing the information related to setting the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to TRP1 of 1101_1. Furthermore, the communication between TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can be wireless or wired. Furthermore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can also be a single system.

[0735] TRP1 of 1101_1 receives control signal 2521_1_1 sent by TRP2 of 1101_2, thereby obtaining information related to the setting value of the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2501_1_2 containing information related to the setting value of the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 5.

[0736] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can be as follows: Figure 25B As shown, a control signal 2511_1_2 is sent to TRP2 at time 5, or the control signal can be omitted. Additionally, in Figure 25B In this process, control signal 2501_1_2 and control signal 2511_1_2 overlap in time, but control signal 2501_1_2 and control signal 2511_1_2 can also be sent at different times.

[0737] Based on the information related to the setting of the transmission power contained in the control signal 2501_1_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulation signal. At time 7, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2513_1_2 to TRP2 of 1101_2 with the determined transmission power.

[0738] In addition, such as Figure 25B As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2503_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 7. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 7, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 7.

[0739] exist Figure 25B In the data, there are "the interval (time 1) in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits the reference signal", "the interval (time 2) in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits the reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit the reference signal".

[0740] TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" at time 1. In this case, it has the advantage that TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates the (received) signal power at time 4, the high received signal power transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0741] Furthermore, TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the interference from TRP1 of 1101_1 based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" in time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that TRP2 of 1101_2 can estimate the interference from TRP1 of 1101_1 while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. In addition, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1".

[0742] It has the advantage that it can estimate a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when "both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 7)" based on the reference signal sent by TRP1 at time 1101_1 and the reference signal sent by NR-UE1 at time 1100_1.

[0743] Furthermore, before "both downlink frames and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 7)," there are "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3)." As a result, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC for "the situation where both downlink frames and uplink frames exist," thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0744] In addition, in order to ensure that the existence of "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3)" before "the existence of both downlink frame and uplink frame (e.g., time 5)", the interval between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmitting reference signals (time 3)" is more likely to exist after "the interval between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmitting reference signals (time 1)" and "the interval between "TRP1 of 1101_1 transmitting reference signals (time 2)".

[0745] The order of the following intervals on the timeline is not limited to: "Interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (Time 1)", "Interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (Time 2)", "Interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (Time 3)", and "Interval in which downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (Time 7)". Figure 25B The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0746] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can perform appropriate transmit power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0747] in addition, Figure 25B It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0748] In addition, Figure 25B In the above, reference signals 2502_1_3 and 2502_1_4 are reference signals used for inter-TRP (or base station, gNB, etc.) interference estimation for TRP2 of 1101_2, and reference signals 2512_1_3 and 2512_1_4 are reference signals used for self-interference estimation for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0749] Furthermore, data can also be transmitted along with the reference signal.

[0750] Figure 25C The diagram shows NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 performing based on Figure 23A This example illustrates the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" during communication, used for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, Figure 25C , the horizontal axis is time.

[0751] like Figure 25C As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2512_1_5 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 1. In addition, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_5 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 1.

[0752] Then, TRP2 of 1101_2 estimates communication conditions such as SINR based on the received "reference signal 2512_1_5 and reference signal 2502_1_5". Thus, TRP2 of 1101_2 can perform estimations considering the signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1, the signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1, SINR, path loss, received electric field strength, etc.

[0753] Based on estimations of communication conditions such as SINR, path loss, and received electric field strength, TRP2 of 1101_2 generates information (e.g., a TPC command) related to setting the transmit power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Additionally, at time 2, TRP2 of 1101_2 sends a control signal 2521_1_3 containing information related to setting the transmit power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 to TRP1 of 1101_1. Furthermore, communication between TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can be wireless or wired. Moreover, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can also be a single system.

[0754] TRP1 of 1101_1 receives control signal 2521_1_3 sent by TRP2 of 1101_2, thereby obtaining information related to the setting value of the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2501_1_3 containing information related to the setting value of the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3. At this time, it is also possible that, as Figure 25C As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends control signal 2511_1_3 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 3. In addition, "control signal 2501_1_3 sent by TRP1 of 1101_1 and control signal 2511_1_3 sent by NR-UE1 of 1100_1" can also exist at different times.

[0755] Based on the information related to the setting of the transmission power contained in the control signal 2501_1_3, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulation signal. At time 5, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits uplink frame 2513_1_3 to TRP2 of 1101_2 with the determined transmission power.

[0756] In addition, such as Figure 25C As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2503_1_3 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 5. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 5, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 5.

[0757] By controlling the transmission power as described above, the quality of data reception can be improved.

[0758] In this embodiment, an example of the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" for closed-loop transmit power control in NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is described. Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, but the interaction of "1100_1's NR-UE1, 1101_1's TRP1, 1101_2's TRP2" can also be achieved using other methods.

[0759] In this scenario, TRP1 of 1101_1 generates information for controlling the transmission power of the signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 based on the communication status of the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1. Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends a control signal 2501_1_3 containing information for controlling the transmission power to NR-UE1 of 1100_1. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 determines the transmission power when transmitting the modulated signal based on this information and transmits the modulated signal with the determined transmission power.

[0760] Figure 25B The diagram shows NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2 performing based on Figure 23A This is an example of the interaction between "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" used for closed-loop transmit power control in TRP1 of 1101_1 during communication. Additionally, Figure 25B , the horizontal axis is time.

[0761] like Figure 25B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends reference signal 2512_1_3 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 1. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives the signal it sends as a communication status, such as estimating self-interference.

[0762] Then, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends reference signal 2502_1_3 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 2. NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signal 2502_1_3 and determines the communication status (e.g., estimating propagation loss, received electric field strength, SINR, signal state, signal strength, etc.).

[0763] At time 3, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signal 2512_1_4 to TRP2 of 1101_2. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signal 2502_1_4 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3. Furthermore, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 receives reference signals 2502_1_4 and 2512_1_4 and determines the communication status (e.g., SINR).

[0764] NR-UE1 of 1100_1 generates information (e.g., estimation information based on communication conditions such as SINR) for controlling the transmission power of the signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1, based on an estimation result of communication conditions such as SINR. Then, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends a control signal 2511_1_2 containing the information for controlling the transmission power to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 5. Alternatively, it could be as follows: Figure 25B As shown, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends control signal 2501_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 5. Additionally, in Figure 25B In the above, control signals 2501_1_2 and 2511_1_2 both exist at time 5, but it is also possible that control signals 2501_1_2 and 2511_1_2 exist at different times.

[0765] Based on the information for controlling the transmission power contained in the control signal 2511_1_2, TRP2 of 1101_2 determines the transmission power of the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1. Then, TRP2 of 1101_2 sends a control signal 2521_1_2 containing the determined transmission power information to TRP1 of 1101_1.

[0766] Alternatively, as another method, TRP2 of 1101_2 can send information related to transmit power control to TRP1 of 1101_1 through control signal 2511_1_2, and TRP1 of 1101_1 can determine the transmit power of the modulated signal to be transmitted based on the information related to transmit power control.

[0767] Furthermore, the communication between TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can be wireless or wired. Additionally, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can also be a single system.

[0768] At time 7, TRP1 of 1101_1 sends downlink frame 2503_1_2 to NR-UE1 of 1100_1 with the determined transmit power.

[0769] In addition, such as Figure 25B As shown, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 sends uplink frame 2513_1_2 to TRP2 of 1101_2 at time 7. Furthermore, downlink frames can also exist outside of time 7, and uplink frames can also exist outside of time 7.

[0770] exist Figure 25B In the data, there are "the interval (time 1) in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits the reference signal", "the interval (time 2) in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits the reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit the reference signal".

[0771] The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference based on the "reference signal transmitted by the NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in time 1. In this case, it has the advantage that the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate self-interference while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. Furthermore, the TRP2 of 1101_2 can also accurately estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by the NR-UE1 of 1100_1".

[0772] The NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power based on the "reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1" at time 2. In this case, it has the advantage that the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can estimate the (received) signal power while ensuring the dynamic range of the receiver's ADC. However, when the NR-UE1 of 1100_1 estimates the (received) signal power at time 3, the relatively high power of its own transmitted received signal may make it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the (received) signal power estimation.

[0773] It has the following advantages: based on the reference signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and the reference signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 at time 3, a communication condition (e.g., SINR) similar to the condition when "both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 7)" can be estimated. Furthermore, before "both downlink and uplink frames exist (e.g., time 7)," there are "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (time 3)." Therefore, TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can accurately perform AGC for the condition "when both downlink and uplink frames exist," thereby improving the data reception quality.

[0774] In addition, in order to make it more likely that "reference signals transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and reference signals transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist before "there are both downlink frames and uplink frames (e.g., time 7)", "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (time 3)" exists in time after "the interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (time 1)" and "the interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (time 2)".

[0775] The order of the following intervals on the timeline is not limited to: "Interval in which NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits reference signals (Time 1)", "Interval in which TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits reference signals (Time 2)", "Interval in which both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals (Time 3)", and "Interval in which downlink frames transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and uplink frames transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 exist (Time 7)". Figure 25B The example can be implemented in the same way regardless of the order.

[0776] As described above, by the existence of "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", and "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 1) where NR-UE1 of 1100_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", or "the interval (time 2) where TRP1 of 1101_1 transmits a reference signal", "the interval (time 3) where both NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and TRP1 of 1101_1 transmit reference signals", TRP1 of 1101_1 can perform appropriate transmission power control, thereby achieving the effect of improved data reception quality.

[0777] in addition, Figure 25B It is called a reference signal, but the name is not limited to this. As long as it functions as a signal used to estimate the communication status, it can be called by any name. For example, it can be called a path loss reference signal.

[0778] In addition, Figure 25B In the above, reference signals 2502_1_3 and 2502_1_4 are reference signals used for inter-TRP (or base station, gNB, etc.) interference estimation for TRP2 of 1101_2, and reference signals 2512_1_3 and 2512_1_4 are reference signals used for self-interference estimation for NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0779] Furthermore, data can also be transmitted along with the reference signal.

[0780] The above uses Figure 20B The closed-loop transmit power control of NR-UE in cellular systems under TDD or FDD conditions was explained. The following provides supplementary explanations for this situation.

[0781] The transmission power of signals transmitted by the NR-UE in the uplink (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, etc.) is controlled by a combination of open-loop and closed-loop control. The open-loop control is based on parameters (P0, α, etc.) notified by the TRP at a longer period and the propagation loss (PL) measured by the NR-UE. The closed-loop control is based on TPC commands notified by the TRP at a shorter period according to the communication status between the TRP and the NR-UE (e.g., the TRP's received SINR).

[0782] For example, Equation (1) described above is an example of the transmission power of PUSCH in TDD or FDD.

[0783] Among them, P PUSCH (i) is the transmission power of PUSCH, P CMAX It is the maximum transmission power, M PUSCH (i) is the transmission bandwidth, P 0_PUSCH (j) is a parameter related to the target received power, α(j) is the weighting coefficient of the fractional TPC, PL is the path loss measurement, and Δ TF (i) is the offset dependent on MCS, and f(i) is the correction value based on the TPC command.

[0784] On the other hand, with Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, the closed-loop transmit power control of the NR-UE has been explained as described above. In this case, the transmit power of the PUSCH can be calculated, for example, using the following formula.

[0785] [Formula 3]

[0786] P PUSCH (i)=min{P CMAX_B ,10log 10 (M PUSCH (i))+P 0_PUSCH_B (j)+α _B (j)·PL+Δ TF_B (i)+f _B (i)}···Formula (3)

[0787] Among them, P CMAX_B Therefore Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, the maximum transmission power, P 0_PUSCH_B (j) is therefore Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, the parameter related to the target received power, α _B (j) is therefore Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, the weighting coefficient of part of TPC, Δ TF_B (i) is Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, the offset depends on the MCS, f _B (i) is Figure 25B , Figure 25C The example uses the correction value based on the TPC command. If the following conditions are met... <x11> 、 <x12> 、 <x13> 、 <x14> 、 <x15>If one or more of them are included, then in order to Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, it can perform appropriate transmission power control.

[0788] <x11>P CMAX With P CMAX_B For different values.

[0789] <x12>P 0_PUSCH (j) and P 0_PUSCH_B (j) is a different function (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0790] <x13>α(j) and α _B (j) is a different function (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0791] <x14>Δ TF (i) and Δ TF_B (i) are different functions (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0792] <x15>f(i) and f _B (i) are different functions (with different definitions) (expressed by different formulas).

[0793] In addition, in Figure 25B , Figure 25C For example, when performing closed-loop transmission power control for NR-UE, a different transmission power can be implemented than that in equation (3).

[0794] Figure 25A Reference signals 2502_1_1, 2502_1_2, Figure 25B Reference signals 2502_1_3, 2502_1_4 Figure 25C The reference signal 2502_1_5 is used by the TRP to estimate the interference caused by the modulation signal transmitted by the TRP, while for the NR-UE, which is the communication target, it is used to estimate the communication status, such as path loss, received electric field strength, and signal power.

[0795] Figure 25A Reference signals 2512_1_1, 2512_1_2, Figure 25B Reference signals 2512_1_3, 2512_1_4 Figure 25C The reference signal 2512_1_5 is used to estimate self-interference for NR-UE, while for TRP, which is the communication target, it is used to estimate communication status, such as path loss, received electric field strength, and signal power.

[0796] Additionally, NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2, if used Figure 23A The interaction on the time axis of "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" in the transmit power control during communication as described above illustrates... Figure 25A , 25B , Figure 25C However, it could also be the interaction on the time axis of "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2" in transmit power control, to... Figure 25A , 25B , Figure 25C Transmit power control can be implemented using any one or more of the methods mentioned above. Furthermore, the interaction of "NR-UE1 of 1100_1, TRP1 of 1101_1, and TRP2 of 1101_2" on the time axis during transmit power control can also be selected based on time. Figure 25A , 25B , Figure 25C The transmission power control is implemented using one of the methods described above. Thus, the same effects described above can be achieved.

[0797] Figure 20A , Figure 20B , Figure 21 , Figure 25A , Figure 25B , Figure 25C In this context, "signals sent by the NR-UE, such as uplink frames, reference signals, and control signals" can belong to one of UL-SCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, etc. Figure 20A , Figure 20B , Figure 21 , Figure 25A , Figure 25B , Figure 25C In this context, "signals transmitted by the TRP, such as downlink frames, reference signals, and control signals" can belong to one of the following: PCH, BCH, DL-SCH, BCCH, PCCH, CCCH, common search space, PBCH, SS, PDCCH, PDSCH, etc. However, it is not limited to these.

[0798] Further explanation is provided regarding this embodiment and the FDD in this specification. For example, as shown in the multiple figures, there are multiple instances where the communication device uses multiple first frequencies (or, for example, second frequencies) (bands) for FDD communication.

[0799] Example 1:

[0800] The communication device uses a first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band) when transmitting modulated signals.

[0801] Example 2:

[0802] The communication device receives the modulation signal when the communication target transmits a modulated signal using a first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (frequency band).

[0803] Example 3:

[0804] The first frequency (or, for example, the second frequency) (frequency band) is divided into frequency A and frequency B. The communication device uses frequency A when transmitting a modulated signal. And, the communication target of the communication device uses frequency B when transmitting a modulated signal.

[0805] The above provides three examples, but the example of "a communication device using a first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band) for FDD communication" is not limited to these examples. It is acceptable for the communication device to use the first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band), or a portion of the first frequency (or, for example, a second frequency) (band), for transmission or reception. This applies equally throughout this specification.

[0806] In this embodiment, TRP is described as a communication device / playback device, but it can also be implemented as any of the following: "base station, repeater, access point, broadcasting station, gNB (g Node B), eNB (e Node B), node, server, satellite, movable device (electrically powered devices such as electric cars, electric motorcycles (e-motorcycles), electric bicycles, movable robots, electric skateboards, electric-assisted bicycles, electric-assisted skateboards, etc., automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, ships, aircraft, airplanes, etc.), terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance (household electrical machinery), factory equipment, IoT (Internet of Things) device, etc." Therefore, the TRP in this embodiment can also be referred to as "a communication device / playback device such as a base station, repeater, access point, broadcasting station, gNB, eNB, node, server, satellite, movable device as described above, terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance, factory equipment, IoT device, etc." This applies equally throughout this instruction manual.

[0807] Furthermore, while this embodiment is described using the term NR-UE, it can be implemented in the same way as any of the following: "TRP, base station, repeater, access point, broadcast station, gNB, eNB, node, server, satellite, operable device as described above, terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance, factory device, IoT device, etc., communication device / playback device, etc." Therefore, the NR-UE in this embodiment can also be referred to as "TRP, base station, repeater, access point, broadcast station, gNB, eNB, node, server, satellite, operable device as described above, terminal, mobile phone, smartphone, tablet computer, laptop computer, computer, personal computer, home appliance, factory device, IoT device, etc." This applies equally throughout this specification.

[0808] As examples of the structure of devices such as TRP and NR-UE in this embodiment, the following description is provided. Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C , Figure 9 , Figure 10 However, the structure of the device is not limited to these examples. An example of a device with a structure for performing transmit beamforming and receive beamforming has been described, but this embodiment can be implemented even with a device that does not have a structure for performing transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. This applies equally throughout this specification.

[0809] Sometimes, a device can achieve self-interference elimination by performing transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. Alternatively, self-interference elimination can be achieved by having a self-interference elimination function without performing beamforming.

[0810] Furthermore, devices such as TRP and NR-UE can use one or more transmit antennas to transmit one or more modulated signals when transmitting modulated signals. This also applies in this specification.

[0811] exist Figure 23A The number of TRPs in the wireless system is set to 2, but it is not limited to this. The number of NR-UEs can be set to more than 1 or more than 2.

[0812] In addition, Figure 23A The number of NR-UEs in the wireless system is set to 1, but it is not limited to this. It is possible to implement the system with more than 1 NR-UE.

[0813] In this embodiment, the case where multiple TRPs exist in the wireless system is described. In this case, the multiple TRPs can communicate with each other, share information, and control each other. Furthermore, there may also be a device in the system to control multiple TRPs. This also applies throughout this specification.

[0814] (Implementation Method 3)

[0815] Examples of communication between the TRP and the NR-UE were described in Embodiments 1 and 2, illustrating the situation where the TRP and the NR-UE use the same frequency or partially the same frequency and simultaneously transmit modulated signals. In this embodiment, a method for improving data reception quality in the above-described situation is described.

[0816] For example, it has been explained in Figure 11A China adopts Figure 11B Figure 12, etc., shows that TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 use the same frequency or partially the same frequency, and transmit modulated signals at the same time.

[0817] In this scenario, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 will simultaneously receive the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and its own modulated signal. For NR-UE1 of 1100_1, its own modulated signal will particularly become an interference component. If the adjacent channel leakage power of the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is high, then the data reception quality of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 will degrade.

[0818] Similarly, TRP1 of 1101_1 will simultaneously receive the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and its own modulated signal. For TRP1 of 1101_1, the modulated signal transmitted by itself will be a particular source of interference. In this case, if the adjacent channel leakage power of the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 is large, the reception quality of data in TRP1 of 1101_1 will be degraded.

[0819] In addition, it has been explained that in Figure 23A China adopts Figure 23B , Figure 23C And so on, while TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 use the same frequency or partially the same frequency, and transmit modulated signals at the same time.

[0820] In this scenario, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 will simultaneously receive the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 and its own modulated signal. For NR-UE1 of 1100_1, its own modulated signal will particularly become an interference component. If the adjacent channel leakage power of the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is high, then the data reception quality of NR-UE1 of 1100_1 will degrade.

[0821] TRP2 of 1101_2 will simultaneously receive the modulated signal transmitted by NR-UE1 of 1100_1 and the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1. For TRP2 of 1101_2, the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 will especially become an interference component. At this time, if the adjacent channel leakage power of the modulated signal transmitted by TRP1 of 1101_1 is large, the reception quality of data in TRP2 of 1101_2 will be degraded.

[0822] If used Figure 15A As explained above, when TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 communicate using FDD or TDD, the adjacent channel leakage power of the modulated signals transmitted by each device of TRP1 of 1101_1 and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 is large, which will lead to a problem of data reception quality degradation.

[0823] Consider as Figure 26 That's the scenario where communication takes place. Let's assume that, in... Figure 26 In the process, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 communicates with TRP1 of 1101_1, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1 communicates with TRP2 of 1101_2.

[0824] It is possible that NR-UE1 of 1100_1 uses the same frequency to simultaneously transmit the modulated signal of TRP1 to 1101_1 and the modulated signal of TRP2 to 1101_2 (Spatial Division Multiplexing).

[0825] Alternatively, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can use the same frequency to transmit the modulated signal of TRP1 to 1101_1 and the modulated signal of TRP2 to 1101_2.

[0826] Alternatively, NR-UE1 of 1100_1 can use multiple frequencies to transmit modulated signals of TRP1 to 1101_1 and modulated signals of TRP2 to 1101_2.

[0827] Alternatively, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can use the same frequency, and each can simultaneously transmit the modulated signal destined for NR-UE1 of 1100_1 (space division multiplexing (SDM)).

[0828] Alternatively, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can use the same frequency and each transmit modulated signals to NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0829] Alternatively, TRP1 of 1101_1 and TRP2 of 1101_2 can use different frequencies to send modulated signals to NR-UE1 of 1100_1.

[0830] In addition, the number of TRPs is set to 2 here, but the same can be implemented as long as there are more than 2.

[0831] In any case, if the adjacent channel leakage power of the modulated signals transmitted by each device of 1101_1 TRP1, 1101_2 TRP2, and 1100_1 NR-UE1 is large, the data reception quality will be degraded.

[0832] In this embodiment, a modulation signal transmission method for reducing leakage power in adjacent channels in response to the above-described situation will be described.

[0833] Figure 27A1 An example of the frequency used by the modulation signal transmitted by the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in this embodiment is shown. Figure 27A1 The horizontal axis represents frequency. Furthermore, the structure of the devices “TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1” has already been described in Embodiment 1, and therefore will not be described here.

[0834] Let's say, for example Figure 27A1 As shown, the modulation signal transmitted by the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" uses the first frequency block 2701_1 and the second frequency block 2701_2. Furthermore, it is assumed that the first frequency block 2701_1 and the second frequency block 2701_2 are continuous on the frequency axis.

[0835] Figure 27A2 The frequency of the modulation signal transmitted by the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" in this embodiment is shown as a function of the frequency of the modulation signal. Figure 27A1 Different examples, Figure 27A2 The horizontal axis represents frequency. Additionally, in... Figure 27A2 In China, for the sake of Figure 27A1 The same reference numerals are used for the same parts, and some descriptions are omitted. In addition, the structure of the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" has been described in Embodiment 1, and therefore the description is omitted here.

[0836] Let's say, for example Figure 27A2 As shown, the modulation signal transmitted by the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" uses the first frequency block 2701_1 and the second frequency block 2701_2. Furthermore, it is assumed that the first frequency block 2701_1 and the second frequency block 2701_2 are spaced apart from each other by a certain interval on the frequency axis.

[0837] Figure 28A1 The modulated signal transmitted by the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" is shown as follows: Figure 27A1 An example of the spectrum when using frequency. Therefore, let it be, as... Figure 28A1 As shown in (a), the modulation signals transmitted by the devices "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1" constitute the first frequency block 2701_1 and the second frequency block 2701_2. Furthermore, Figure 28A1 In (a), the horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0838] Figure 28A1 (b) shows Figure 28A1 (a) The spectrum of the first frequency block 2701_1, where the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents power. Let it be, as follows: Figure 28A1 As shown in (b), at the frequency where the first frequency block 2701_1 exists, there is a first frequency block spectrum 2810. Furthermore, to the left of the first frequency block spectrum 2810, there is a spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block; to the left of the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block, there is a spectrum 2812_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the first frequency block. Additionally, to the right of the first frequency block spectrum 2810, there is a spectrum 2811_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block; to the right of the spectrum 2811_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block, there is a spectrum 2812_2 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the first frequency block.

[0839] Figure 28A1 (c) shows Figure 28A1 (a) The spectrum of the second frequency block 2701_2, where the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents power. Let it be, as... Figure 28A1 As shown in (c), at the frequency where the second frequency block 2701_2 exists, there is a second frequency block spectrum 2820. Furthermore, to the left of the second frequency block spectrum 2820, there is a spectrum 2821_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block; to the left of the spectrum 2821_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block, there is a spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block. Additionally, to the right of the second frequency block spectrum 2820, there is a spectrum 2821_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block; to the right of the spectrum 2821_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block, there is a spectrum 2822_2 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block.

[0840] in addition, Figure 28A1 (b) Figure 28A1 The leakage power in (c) is caused by the distortion characteristics of the transmitting power amplifier of the device (e.g., third-order distortion, fifth-order distortion, etc.).

[0841] at this time, Figure 28A1 The leakage power in frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Additionally, Figure 28A1 The leakage power in frequency region 2802 is related to the spectrum 2812_2 of the leakage power of the second adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2821_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block.

[0842] Figure 28A2 The modulated signal transmitted by the device "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, NR-UE1 of 1100_1" is shown as follows: Figure 27A2 Examples of the spectrum when using frequency. Additionally, in Figure 28A2 In China, for conducting with Figure 28A1 The same action parts are accompanied by the same reference numerals, and some descriptions are omitted.

[0843] Let's say, for example Figure 28A2 As shown in (a), the modulation signals transmitted by the devices "TRP1 of 1101_1, TRP2 of 1101_2, and NR-UE1 of 1100_1" constitute the first frequency block 2701_1 and the second frequency block 2701_2. Furthermore, Figure 28A2 In (a), the horizontal axis represents frequency.

[0844] Figure 28A2 (b) shows Figure 28A2 (a) The spectrum of the first frequency block 2701_1, where the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents power. Let it be, as follows: Figure 28A2 As shown in (b), at the frequency where the first frequency block 2701_1 exists, there is a first frequency block spectrum 2810. Furthermore, to the left of the first frequency block spectrum 2810, there is a spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block; to the left of the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block, there is a spectrum 2812_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the first frequency block. Additionally, to the right of the first frequency block spectrum 2810, there is a spectrum 2811_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block; to the right of the spectrum 2811_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block, there is a spectrum 2812_2 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the first frequency block.

[0845] Figure 28A2 (c) shows Figure 28A2 (a) The spectrum of the second frequency block 2701_2, where the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents power. Let it be, as... Figure 28A2 As shown in (c), at the frequency where the second frequency block 2701_2 exists, there is a second frequency block spectrum 2820. Furthermore, to the left of the second frequency block spectrum 2820, there is a spectrum 2821_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block; to the left of the spectrum 2821_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block, there is a spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block. Additionally, to the right of the second frequency block spectrum 2820, there is a spectrum 2821_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block; to the right of the spectrum 2821_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block, there is a spectrum 2822_2 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block.

[0846] in addition, Figure 28A2 (b) Figure 28A2 The leakage power in (c) is caused by the distortion characteristics of the transmitting power amplifier of the device (e.g., third-order distortion, fifth-order distortion, etc.).

[0847] at this time, Figure 28A2 The leakage power in frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Additionally, Figure 28A2 The leakage power in frequency region 2802 is related to the spectrum 2812_2 of the leakage power of the second adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2821_2 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the second frequency block.

[0848] Figure 29A1 An example of signal point configuration in I (In-phase) - Q (Quadrature(Phase)) (or Real part - Imaginary Part) of BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) is shown. Additionally, Figure 29A1 The middle horizontal axis is I (or Real part) and the horizontal axis is Q (or Imaginary part).

[0849] As the first example of BPSK signal point configuration, examples include: Figure 29A1 The signal point is configured in the same way as in ●2951_1. In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (A,0) and (-A,0). Furthermore, A is a real number greater than 0.

[0850] As a second example of BPSK signal point configuration, examples include... Figure 29A1 The signal point is configured in the same way as in ○2951_2. In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (0,A) and (0,-A). Furthermore, A is a real number greater than 0.

[0851] Figure 29A2 An example of signal point configuration in the I (in-phase) - Q (quadrature) (or real-imaginary) region of a BPSK is shown. Additionally, Figure 29A2 The middle horizontal axis is I (or Real part) and the horizontal axis is Q (or Imaginary part).

[0852] As a third example of BPSK signal point configuration, examples include... Figure 29A2 The signal point is configured in the same way as in ●2951_3. In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (B,B) and (-B,-B). Furthermore, B is a real number greater than 0.

[0853] As the fourth example of BPSK signal point configuration, examples include... Figure 29A2 The signal point is configured in the same way as in ○2951_4. In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (B,-B) and (-B,B). Furthermore, B is a real number greater than 0.

[0854] Figure 29B An example of signal point configuration in the I (in-phase) - Q (quadrature-phase) (or real-imaginary) part of QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is shown. Additionally, Figure 29B The middle horizontal axis is I (or Real part) and the horizontal axis is Q (or Imaginary part).

[0855] As the first example of QPSK signal point configuration, examples include: Figure 29B The signal point is configured in the same way as in ●2961_1. In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (C,C), (C,-C), (-C,C), and (-C,-C). Furthermore, C is a real number greater than 0.

[0856] As a second example of QPSK signal point configuration, examples include... Figure 29B The signal point is configured in the same way as in ○2961_2. In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (0,D), (0,-D), (D,0), and (-D,0). Furthermore, D is a real number greater than 0.

[0857] Figure 29C1 An example of signal point configuration in I (in-phase) - Q (quadrature-phase) (or real-imaginary) part of 16QAM (16-QA) is shown. Additionally, Figure 29C1 The middle horizontal axis is I (or Real part) and the horizontal axis is Q (or Imaginary part).

[0858] As the first example of a 16QAM signal point configuration, one could cite examples such as... Figure 29C1 The signal points are configured in the same way as in the case of ● (where there are 16 signal points). In this case, if the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) are (3×E,E), (3×E,3×E), (3×E,-E), (3×E,-3×E), (E,E), (E,3×E), (E,-E), (E,-3×E), (-E,E), (-E,3×E), (-E,-E), (-E,-3×E), (-3×E,E), (-3×E,3×E), (-3×E,-E), (-3×E,-3×E). Furthermore, E is a real number greater than 0.

[0859] Figure 29C2 An example of signal point configuration in I (in-phase) - Q (quadrature) (or real-imaginary) of 16QAM is shown. Additionally, Figure 29C2 The middle horizontal axis is I (or Real part) and the horizontal axis is Q (or Imaginary part).

[0860] As a second example of 16QAM signal point configuration, examples include... Figure 29C2 The signal points are configured in the same way as in the case of ○ (where there are 16 signal points). If the coordinates of the signal point are set to (I,Q), then (I,Q) is represented by the following formula.

[0861] [Formula 4]

[0862]

[0863] Among them, (I,Q) T Let (x, y) be the transpose of (I, Q). T Let F represent the transpose of (x, y), where (x, y) is (3×F, F), (3×F, 3×F), (3×F, -F), (3×F, -3×F), (F, F), (F, 3×F), (-F, -F), (F, -3×F), (-F, F), (-F, -F), (-F, -3×F), (-3×F, F), (-3×F, 3×F), (-3×F, -F), (-3×F, -3×F). Furthermore, F is a real number greater than 0.

[0864] Next, an example of using BPSK as a transmission method to reduce leakage power in the modulated signal transmitted by TRP and NR-UE will be explained.

[0865] For TRP, NR-UE, etc. Figure 28A1 (a) Explain the situation when using frequency in that way.

[0866] If used Figure 28A1 As illustrated in (a), (b), and (c), the leakage power of frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Here, for example, it is assumed that in... Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1.

[0867] At this time, since the power spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the power spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the second adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane, the power spectrum of the leakage power in frequency region 2801 is likely to increase.

[0868] On the other hand, for example, let's say, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_2.

[0869] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0870] As another example, let's say, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_2, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1.

[0871] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0872] As yet another example, let's say, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_3, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_4.

[0873] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0874] As yet another example, let's say, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_4, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_3.

[0875] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0876] The above are just examples; you can consider the following:

[0877] Let it be, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_X, and in... Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 The BPSK signal is configured as shown in signal point 2951_Y. Furthermore, it satisfies the condition that "X is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, Y is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, and X ≠ Y".

[0878] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0879] Furthermore, let it be, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_L, and in... Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_M.

[0880] Furthermore, TRP and NR-UE can set the value of L and the value of M in a manner that satisfies L being one of 1, 2, 3, and 4, M being one of 1, 2, 3, and 4, and L ≠ M.

[0881] As another method, suppose that the TRP and NR-UE change the values ​​of L and M according to the communication conditions (e.g., time, frequency, communication method, etc.) in a manner that satisfies "L is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, M is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, and L ≠ M". Alternatively, the TRP and NR-UE can make this change based on information from the communication partner or other devices, or they can make this change based on their own judgment.

[0882] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0883] For TRP, NR-UE, etc. Figure 28A2 (a) Explain the situation when using frequency in that way.

[0884] If used Figure 28A2 As illustrated in (a), (b), and (c), the leakage power of frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Here, for example, it is assumed that in... Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1.

[0885] At this time, since the power spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the power spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the second adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane, the power spectrum of the leakage power in frequency region 2801 is likely to increase.

[0886] On the other hand, for example, let's say, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_2.

[0887] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0888] As another example, let's say, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_2, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_1.

[0889] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0890] As yet another example, let's say, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_3, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_4.

[0891] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0892] As yet another example, let's say, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_4, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_3.

[0893] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0894] The above are just examples; you can consider the following:

[0895] Let it be, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_X, and in... Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 The BPSK signal is configured as shown in signal point 2951_Y. Furthermore, it satisfies the condition that "X is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, Y is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, and X≠Y".

[0896] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0897] Furthermore, let it be, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_L, and in... Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29A1 or Figure 29A2 Configure the BPSK signal as shown in signal point 2951_M.

[0898] Furthermore, TRP and NR-UE can set the value of L and the value of M in a manner that satisfies L being one of 1, 2, 3, and 4, M being one of 1, 2, 3, and 4, and L ≠ M.

[0899] As another method, suppose that the TRP and NR-UE change the values ​​of L and M according to the communication conditions (e.g., time, frequency, communication method, etc.) in a manner that satisfies "L is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, M is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, and L ≠ M". Alternatively, the TRP and NR-UE can make this change based on information from the communication partner or other devices, or they can make this change based on their own judgment.

[0900] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0901] An example of using QPSK as a transmission method to reduce leakage power in the modulated signal transmitted by TRP and NR-UE will be explained.

[0902] For TRP, NR-UE, etc. Figure 28A1 (a) Explain the situation when using frequency in that way.

[0903] If used Figure 28A1 As illustrated in (a), (b), and (c), the leakage power of frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Here, for example, it is assumed that in... Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1.

[0904] At this time, since the power spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the power spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the second adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane, the power spectrum of the leakage power in frequency region 2801 is likely to increase.

[0905] On the other hand, for example, let's say, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_2.

[0906] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0907] As another example, let's say, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_2, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1.

[0908] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0909] Therefore, let it be that, in Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_L, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_M.

[0910] Furthermore, TRP and NR-UE can set the values ​​of L and M in a manner that satisfies the condition that L is one of 1 and 2, M is one of 1 and 2, and L ≠ M.

[0911] As another method, suppose that the TRP and NR-UE change the values ​​of L and M according to the communication conditions (e.g., time, frequency, communication method, etc.) in a manner that satisfies "L is one of 1 and 2, M is one of 1 and 2, and L ≠ M". Alternatively, the TRP and NR-UE can make this change based on information from the communication partner or other devices, or they can make this change based on their own judgment.

[0912] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0913] For TRP, NR-UE, etc. Figure 28A2 (a) Explain the situation when using frequency in that way.

[0914] If used Figure 28A2 As illustrated in (a), (b), and (c), the leakage power of frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Here, for example, it is assumed that in... Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1.

[0915] At this time, since the power spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the power spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the second adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane, the power spectrum of the leakage power in frequency region 2801 is likely to increase.

[0916] On the other hand, for example, let's say, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_2.

[0917] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0918] As another example, let's say, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_2, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_1.

[0919] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0920] Therefore, let it be that, in Figure 28A2 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_L, and in Figure 28A2 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29B Configure the QPSK signal as shown in signal point 2961_M.

[0921] Furthermore, TRP and NR-UE can set the values ​​of L and M in a manner that satisfies the condition that L is one of 1 and 2, M is one of 1 and 2, and L ≠ M.

[0922] As another method, suppose that the TRP and NR-UE change the values ​​of L and M according to the communication conditions (e.g., time, frequency, communication method, etc.) in a manner that satisfies "L is one of 1 and 2, M is one of 1 and 2, and L ≠ M". Alternatively, the TRP and NR-UE can make this change based on information from the communication partner or other devices, or they can make this change based on their own judgment.

[0923] At this time, since the probability that the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel of the second frequency block are added in phase on the complex plane is low, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power spectrum of the leakage power in the frequency region 2801 is small.

[0924] An example is given of using 16QAM as a transmission method to reduce leakage power in the modulated signal transmitted by TRP and NR-UE.

[0925] For TRP, NR-UE, etc. Figure 28A1 (a) Explain the situation when using frequency in that way.

[0926] If used Figure 28A1 As illustrated in (a), (b), and (c), the leakage power of frequency region 2801 is related to the spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel in the first frequency block and the spectrum 2822_1 of the leakage power of the next adjacent channel in the second frequency block. Here, for example, it is assumed that in... Figure 28A1 In the first frequency block 2701_1 of (a), such as Figure 29C1 Configure the 16QAM signal as shown at the signal point, and in Figure 28A1 In the second frequency block 2701_2 of (a), such as Figure 29C1 The signal points are configured with 16QAM signals.

[0927] At this time, since the power spectrum 2811_1 of the leakage power of the adjacent channel of the first frequency block and the power spectrum 2822_1 of th...

Claims

1. A communication device, characterized in that: include: A communication unit that transmits a first signal and receives the first signal at a first time in a state where no signal is transmitted from another communication device or a plurality of communication devices in a frequency band in which at least one communication device that performs a process of transmitting and receiving using the same frequency and the same time period exists and is capable of performing the process; as well as a control unit, which determines the transmission power based on the received first signal, The communication unit transmits a second signal to the one communication device or a communication device among the plurality of communication devices using the transmission power in the frequency band at a second time.

2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein: The communication unit transmits and receives a third signal at a third time in the frequency band, and receives a fourth signal transmitted from the one communication device or a communication device among the plurality of communication devices at the third time, The control unit determines the transmission power based on the received first signal, the received third signal, and the received fourth signal.

3. The communication device according to claim 2, wherein: The communication unit receives, in the frequency band, at a fourth time, a fifth signal transmitted from the one communication device or a communication device among the plurality of communication devices in a state in which no signal is transmitted from the present device, or no signal is transmitted from the present device or from the plurality of communication devices other than the communication device among the plurality of communication devices, The control unit determines the transmission power based on the received first signal, the received third signal, the received fourth signal, and the received fifth signal.

4. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein: the communication unit receives transmission power setting information based on the received first signal, The control unit determines the transmission power based on the transmission power setting information.

5. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein: The communication unit receives a sixth signal transmitted from a communication device among the one communication device and the other communication device in the frequency band at the second time.

6. A communication method, characterized in that: The communication device performs the following steps: In a frequency band in which at least one communication device that performs transmission and reception using the same frequency and the same time period is present and in which the processing can be performed, a first signal is transmitted and received at a first time in a state in which no signal is transmitted from another communication device or multiple communication devices; Determining a transmission power based on the received first signal; as well as A second signal is transmitted to the one communication device or a communication device among the plurality of communication devices using the transmission power at a second time in the frequency band.

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