A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of pre-swirl air supply systems for aircraft engines, and more specifically to a pre-swirl nozzle device for actively regulating the intake air of a pre-swirl air supply system, comprising: a nozzle inner ring, a nozzle outer ring, a baffle, a drive assembly, a transmission assembly, and a plurality of rotating shafts, wherein the plurality of rotating shafts are evenly distributed around the nozzle outer ring, and one end of the plurality of rotating shafts radially passes through the nozzle outer ring and is rotatably connected to the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner ring; the baffle is disposed on the rotating shaft within the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel of the nozzle inner ring, and is used to block the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel; the output end of the drive assembly is connected to the end of one of the rotating shafts via a transmission shaft; the input end of the transmission assembly is used for transmission connection with the rotating shaft connected to the transmission shaft, and the output end of the transmission assembly is used for transmission connection with other rotating shafts; wherein the drive assembly drives the baffle to rotate via the transmission assembly to adjust the area blocked by the baffle on the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel. The present invention improves the response speed and regulation efficiency of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aero-engine pre-swirl air supply system, and in particular to a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system. Background Art

[0002] The development of aircraft engines plays a vital role in the advancement and growth of aircraft. Increasing turbine inlet gas temperatures is one of the primary ways to improve engine performance. This continuous increase in turbine inlet gas temperatures places higher demands on blade cooling technology. For example, the F135 model boasts a gas inlet temperature of 2260K. This exceeds the temperature limit of 1470K for high-pressure turbine rotor blade material, the 1200K limit for powder metallurgy materials, and even the 1920K limit for fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites planned for use in next-generation fighter jets. In such high-temperature environments, the engine's hot-end components are subjected to enormous thermal loads, which can easily lead to thermal fatigue and high-temperature creep. In severe cases, this can cause fracture of the turbine disc or rotor blades, resulting in serious air safety accidents. Statistics show that high-temperature component failures account for up to 80% of engine failures. Advanced materials processing and cooling technologies can ensure the normal operation of turbine rotors in high-temperature and high-pressure environments. Research shows that cooling technology accounts for 60% of the total, while materials account for 40%. When the material approaches its temperature limit, reducing the turbine rotor wall temperature by 15K can double its service life. Therefore, a well-designed secondary air system can ensure that aircraft engines can operate normally at temperatures above the material's maximum temperature resistance. Among them, the pre-swirl air supply system has been studied by scholars at home and abroad due to its huge cooling potential.

[0003] From a cooling perspective, more cooling air improves performance. However, cooling air drawn from the compressor doesn't perform work in the turbine, reducing engine thrust. Therefore, the amount of bleed air in the pre-swirl air supply system directly impacts overall engine performance. Research has found that for every 1% increase in bleed air volume, engine thrust decreases by approximately 2%. Fuel consumption increases by 0.7% to 0.9% at Mach numbers below 1.2, and by 1.2% to 1.4% at Mach numbers above 1.2. A study of a high-bypass turbofan engine incorporated a turbine cooling algorithm that accounted for cooling air usage and associated cooling efficiency losses into the overall engine performance calculation model. The results showed that a 20% reduction in cooling air usage could increase engine specific thrust by 3% and reduce fuel consumption by 0.9%. Therefore, reducing cooling air usage is an effective method for improving engine performance.

[0004] Based on the traditional pre-swirl air supply system structure, the currently commonly used adjustable pre-swirl nozzle solution divides the nozzle into a normally open flow path and an adjustable flow path. When the engine is operating under high operating conditions, all flow paths are open. Under low operating conditions, the adjustable flow path can be closed to reduce cooling air consumption. However, with the current development trend of variable-cycle engines, operating conditions change more frequently and more complexly. Traditional adjustable nozzles require too long an adjustment time and lack flexibility, resulting in a slow system response.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pre-swirl nozzle device for actively adjusting the air intake function of a pre-swirl air supply system to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a pre-swirl nozzle device for actively adjusting the intake air of a pre-swirl air supply system. This device addresses the existing problem of keeping all flow paths open during high engine operating conditions and closing the adjustable flow paths during low engine operating conditions, thereby reducing cooling air consumption. However, with the current development trend of variable-cycle engines, operating conditions are changing more frequently and more complexly. Conventional adjustable nozzles require long adjustment times and lack flexibility, resulting in slow system response.

[0007] A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention adopts the following technical solution, comprising: a nozzle inner ring, a nozzle outer ring being fixedly mounted on the nozzle inner ring, a plurality of lobe-hole nozzle blades being provided on the outer circumference of the nozzle inner ring, lobe-hole nozzle flow channels being formed between adjacent lobe-hole nozzle blades, a plurality of air inlet holes being evenly distributed on the nozzle outer ring and communicating with the lobe-hole nozzle flow channels, and further comprising:

[0008] A plurality of rotating shafts are evenly arranged around the outer ring of the nozzle, and one end of each rotating shaft passes through the outer ring of the nozzle in a radial direction and is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring of the nozzle;

[0009] A baffle is provided on a rotating shaft in the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel of the inner ring of the nozzle, and is used to block the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel;

[0010] A drive assembly, the output end of which is connected to the end of one of the rotating shafts through a transmission shaft;

[0011] and a transmission assembly, the input end of which is used for transmission connection with a rotating shaft connected to the transmission shaft, and the output end of which is used for transmission connection with other rotating shafts;

[0012] The driving assembly drives the baffle to rotate through the transmission assembly to adjust the shielding area of ​​the baffle on the leaf hole nozzle flow channel.

[0013] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes: a transmission ring and multiple transmission rods, the transmission ring is concentrically arranged on the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring, one end of each transmission rod is connected to a rotating shaft, and the other ends of all transmission rods are rotatably connected to the transmission ring, and the rotation direction is the radial direction of the transmission ring.

[0014] Preferably, the driving assembly includes: a driving motor, which is arranged on the outer edge of the engine casing, and an output end of the driving motor is connected to the transmission shaft through a coupling.

[0015] Preferably, the inner ring of the nozzle outer ring and the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring are both provided with grooves for accommodating the rotation of the baffle.

[0016] Preferably, the baffle is provided at the leading edge of the blade of the leaf hole type nozzle.

[0017] Preferably, the nozzle inner ring and the nozzle outer ring are interference fit.

[0018] A pre-swirl air supply system comprises the pre-swirl nozzle device of the present invention.

[0019] An aircraft engine comprises the pre-swirl air supply system of the present invention.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. Because traditional pre-swirl nozzles rely on valves on the upstream compressor side to control the flow area, this adjustment method suffers from long response times and low adjustment accuracy. The pre-swirl nozzle of the present invention directly controls the angle of the baffle, achieving real-time adjustment of the pre-swirl nozzle's air intake, significantly improving the system's response speed and adjustment efficiency.

[0022] 2. Conventional adjustable nozzles typically switch between only two states: fully open and closed, limiting their adaptability under different operating conditions. The pre-swirl nozzle of the present invention uses the required air flow rate to control the rotation of the baffle driven by the drive assembly. The baffle blocks the air intake area of ​​the pre-swirl nozzle, maintaining optimal performance under various air flow requirements.

[0023] 3. The baffle of the present invention is located at the leading edge of the blade of the leaf hole type nozzle, that is, in the solid domain. That is, when the air entrainment volume is normal, the air intake baffle is located at the leading edge of the blade of the leaf hole type nozzle, which will not affect the flow characteristics of the nozzle. When the air entrainment flow rate is too large, the driving device rotates one of the baffles, and the other air intake baffles are linked through the transmission ring. By changing the angle of the baffle, the inlet resistance of the nozzle is changed, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the nozzle flow rate. This design ensures that the gas flow characteristics in the pre-swirl nozzle are not affected, and maintains the nozzle's efficient air entrainment capability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation in a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation in a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A side view of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation in a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of AA;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The enlarged view of point I in the middle;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the middle BB;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of position II in the middle;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point III in the middle;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of position IV in the middle;

[0034] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive assembly, transmission shaft and transmission assembly;

[0035] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The main view;

[0036] Figure 12 is a perspective view of a pre-swirl nozzle device;

[0037] Figure 13 Three-dimensional structural diagram of the nozzle inner ring of the pre-swirl nozzle device.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Drive motor; 2. Engine casing; 3. Drive shaft; 4. Drive ring; 5. Drive rod; 6. Baffle; 7. Leaf hole nozzle blade; 8. Air inlet; 9. Leaf hole nozzle flow channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] An embodiment of a pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, it includes: a nozzle inner ring, a nozzle outer ring, a baffle 6, a drive assembly, a transmission assembly and a plurality of rotating shafts. The nozzle inner ring is fixed with a nozzle outer ring. Figure 12 As shown, a plurality of leaf hole nozzle blades 7 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner ring, and a leaf hole nozzle flow channel 9 is formed between adjacent leaf hole nozzle blades 7, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 12 As shown, a plurality of air inlet holes 8 are evenly distributed on the outer ring of the nozzle, which are connected to the leaf hole nozzle flow channel 9. Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, multiple rotating shafts are evenly distributed around the outer ring of the nozzle, and one end of the rotating shaft passes through the outer ring of the nozzle radially and is rotatably connected to the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring of the nozzle. One end of the rotating shaft facing away from the outer ring of the nozzle is connected to the output end of the driving assembly through the transmission shaft 3, and the baffle 6 is arranged on the rotating shaft in the lobe-type nozzle flow channel 9 of the inner ring of the nozzle, for blocking the lobe-type nozzle flow channel 9; the input end of the transmission assembly is used for transmission connection with the rotating shaft connected to the transmission shaft 3, and the output end of the transmission assembly is used for transmission connection with other rotating shafts; wherein, the driving assembly drives the baffle 6 to rotate through the transmission assembly to adjust the blocking area of ​​the baffle 6 on the lobe-type nozzle flow channel 9; the transmission ring 4 and the transmission rod 5 are rotatably connected by a ball bearing, and the inner ring of the ball bearing can move up and down along the pin on the transmission ring.

[0041] It should be noted that the inner ring and the outer ring of the nozzle are processed separately, and the leaf hole nozzle blades 7 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner ring of the nozzle. A leaf hole nozzle flow channel 9 is formed between two adjacent leaf hole nozzle blades 7. The pre-swirl nozzle blade height is equal to the radial height of the leaf hole nozzle blade profile solid domain. This embodiment adopts a leaf hole pre-swirl nozzle. When the nozzle is fully open, the baffle 6 is located on the leaf hole nozzle blade profile solid domain side and does not affect the normal flow; the leaf hole pre-swirl nozzle of this embodiment adopts the leaf hole pre-swirl nozzle in patent number CN20150472608.9. Based on the leaf hole pre-swirl nozzle and designed with a linked baffle adjustment mechanism, the present invention can achieve more efficient and flexible flow control, thereby improving the overall performance and stability of the system.

[0042] like Figure 6 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the transmission assembly includes: a transmission ring 4 and multiple transmission rods 5. The transmission ring 4 is concentrically arranged on the outer ring of the inner ring of the nozzle. One end of each transmission rod 5 is connected to a rotating shaft, and the other ends of all transmission rods 5 are rotatably connected to the transmission ring 4, and the rotation direction is the radial direction of the transmission ring 4.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, the driving assembly includes: a driving motor 1, which is arranged on the outer edge of the engine casing 2, and the output end of the driving motor is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through a coupling.

[0044] like Figure 13 and Figure 12 As shown, grooves for accommodating the rotation of the baffle 6 are provided on the inner ring of the nozzle outer ring and the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring.

[0045] Specifically, the baffle 6 is arranged at the leading edge of the leaf hole type nozzle blade 7 .

[0046] Specifically, the inner ring of the nozzle and the outer ring of the nozzle have an interference fit of 0.1 mm.

[0047] A pre-swirl air supply system comprises the pre-swirl nozzle device of the present invention.

[0048] An aircraft engine comprises the pre-swirl air supply system of the present invention.

[0049] Specific working principle

[0050] When using, Figure 6As shown, according to the demand for air intake, the drive motor 1 of the drive assembly is controlled to rotate to drive the rotating shaft to rotate through the transmission shaft 3, and the transmission rod 5 on the rotating shaft drives the rotation around the nozzle axis, so that the transmission ring 4 moves axially and circumferentially at the same time, thereby driving other rotating shafts to rotate, so that all rotating shafts rotate synchronously, that is, the baffle 6 on the rotating shaft rotates synchronously, and the baffle 6 rotates from the solid domain side of the leaf hole nozzle blade 7 to the fluid domain side to adjust the blocking area of ​​the leaf hole nozzle flow channel 9 by the baffle 6, that is, in this process, the area of ​​the inlet flow channel of multiple leaf hole nozzle flow channels 9 is adjusted simultaneously, thereby increasing the efficiency of the adjustment.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation in a pre-swirl air supply system, comprising: The nozzle inner ring is fitted and fixed with the nozzle outer ring, a plurality of leaf hole type nozzle blades (7) are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner ring, a leaf hole type nozzle flow channel (9) is formed between adjacent leaf hole type nozzle blades (7), and a plurality of air inlet holes (8) connected to the leaf hole type nozzle flow channel (9) are evenly distributed on the nozzle outer ring, characterized in that it also includes: A plurality of rotating shafts are evenly arranged around the outer ring of the nozzle, and one end of each rotating shaft passes through the outer ring of the nozzle in a radial direction and is rotatably connected to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring of the nozzle; A baffle (6) is provided on a rotating shaft in the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel (9) of the inner ring of the nozzle, and is used to block the lobe-hole nozzle flow channel (9); A drive assembly, the output end of which is connected to the end of one of the rotating shafts via a transmission shaft (3); and a transmission assembly, the input end of which is used for transmission connection with a rotating shaft connected to a transmission shaft (3), and the output end of which is used for transmission connection with another rotating shaft; The driving assembly drives the baffle (6) to rotate via the transmission assembly to adjust the shielding area of ​​the baffle (6) on the leaf hole nozzle flow channel (9).

2. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission assembly comprises: a transmission ring (4) and a plurality of transmission rods (5), wherein the transmission ring (4) is concentrically arranged on the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring, one end of each transmission rod (5) is connected to a rotating shaft, and the other ends of all the transmission rods (5) are rotatably connected to the transmission ring (4), and the rotation direction is the radial direction of the transmission ring (4).

3. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly comprises: a drive motor (1), which is arranged on the outer edge of the engine casing (2), and the output end of which is connected to the transmission shaft (3) through a coupling.

4. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring of the nozzle outer ring and the outer ring of the nozzle inner ring are both provided with grooves for accommodating the rotation of the baffle (6).

5. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle (6) is arranged on the leading edge of the leaf hole type nozzle blade (7).

6. A pre-swirl nozzle device for active air intake regulation of a pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is interference fit between the nozzle inner ring and the nozzle outer ring.

7. A pre-swirl air supply system, characterized in that: The invention comprises the pre-swirl nozzle device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An aircraft engine, characterized in that: Including the pre-swirl air supply system according to claim 7.

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