Antenna module, laminated assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to an antenna module, a laminated assembly and a vehicle. In the antenna module, the currents on the two feeding branches of a dipole antenna are in and out, so that the currents on the two feeding branches of the same dipole antenna are in phase, the currents on the two radiation branches are in the same direction and in phase, the currents on the radiation branches of multiple dipole antennas are in phase and are transmitted in the same direction, a ring-distributed radiation branch is constructed, a current ring is formed on the multiple radiation branches when a feeding port accesses an excitation signal, and a ring current resonance mode at a target frequency band is supported. Planar antenna arrangement can be performed on any non-conductor plane substrate, when applied to a vehicle, metal arrangement such as a vehicle bumper can be avoided, a single antenna module can support omnidirectional radiation at a target frequency band, the number of antenna modules is reduced, and the antenna cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of radio frequency technology, and in particular to an antenna module, a stacked assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional automotive Bluetooth antennas are typically onboard antennas, often located in the vehicle's bumper area. Due to the reflective effect of the metal body panels at the bumper location, the Bluetooth antenna in this position has a large blind spot, usually requiring 4-5 Bluetooth anchor points to achieve omnidirectional coverage, resulting in high antenna costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a low-cost antenna module, stacked assembly, and vehicle.

[0004] Firstly, an antenna module is provided, comprising:

[0005] At least two dipole antennas, each dipole antenna including at least a pair of symmetrically arranged antenna arms, each antenna arm having a feed point, a feed stub connected to the feed point, and a radiating stub connected to the end of the feed stub away from the feed point, the radiating stubs of the multiple antenna arms being arranged in a ring.

[0006] The feed port has its positive and negative terminals connected to the corresponding feed points. The feed port is used to receive the excitation signal to support the radiating stubs of the antenna module in supporting the ring current resonant mode in the target frequency band.

[0007] In one embodiment, the radiating branches are arc-shaped, linear, or polygonal.

[0008] In one embodiment, the antenna module further includes:

[0009] The impedance structure is connected to the feed port, and the resonant frequency of the impedance structure is matched with the target frequency band.

[0010] In one embodiment, the impedance structure is connected to the feed port to form a gap.

[0011] In one embodiment, the radiating stub supports a 1 / 4λ to 1 / 2λ resonant mode in the target frequency band; and / or, the feeding stub supports a 1 / 4λ resonant mode in the target frequency band, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the target frequency band.

[0012] In one embodiment, the two antenna arms of each dipole antenna are arranged in an axisymmetric manner.

[0013] In one embodiment, the antenna module further includes:

[0014] Multiple parasitic branches are coupled to multiple radiating branches respectively.

[0015] In a second aspect, a stacked assembly is provided, comprising: a substrate, and the aforementioned antenna module; the antenna module is disposed on the substrate, and the feed stub and the radiating stub are disposed on different layers of the stacked assembly, or the feed stub and the radiating stub are disposed on the same layer of the stacked assembly.

[0016] In one embodiment, the substrate includes:

[0017] First transparent substrate;

[0018] The second transparent substrate is positioned further away from ambient light than the first transparent substrate;

[0019] The antenna module is located between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.

[0020] Thirdly, a means of transportation is provided, including the aforementioned stacked components.

[0021] The aforementioned antenna modules, stacked assemblies, and vehicles have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The currents on the two feed stubs of a dipole antenna are one in and one out. Therefore, the currents on the two feed stubs of the same dipole antenna are in phase, and the currents on the two radiating stubs are in the same direction and in phase. The currents on the radiating stubs of multiple dipole antennas are in phase and propagate in the same direction, constructing a ring-shaped distribution of radiating stubs. When an excitation signal is connected to the feed port, a current loop is formed on multiple radiating stubs to support the ring current resonance mode in the target frequency band. That is, the antenna module provided in this application embodiment can be set up as a planar antenna on a substrate. When applied to vehicles, it does not need to be set up in the vehicle bumper or other locations. The distribution of the antenna module can be realized based on any non-conductive planar substrate on the vehicle body, avoiding the influence of metal reflections from vehicle bumpers, etc. In this case, only a single antenna module needs to be set up to achieve omnidirectional radiation in the target frequency band, which can reduce the number of antenna modules and reduce costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a stacked component according to one or more embodiments;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of a stacked component according to one or more embodiments;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of current distribution in the antenna module;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 1 VSWR curve of the antenna module;

[0028] Figure 5 The image shows a horizontal cross-section of the antenna's vertical and horizontal polarization when the antenna module is placed horizontally at 2.45 GHz.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the average horizontal gain distribution of the antenna module in the Bluetooth band when it is placed horizontally.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module according to one or more embodiments;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module according to one or more embodiments;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module according to one or more embodiments;

[0033] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a stacked component according to one or more embodiments;

[0034] Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of a stacked component according to one or more embodiments;

[0035] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments;

[0036] Figure 13 One of the schematic diagrams showing the distribution of antenna modules on the sunroof glass of a vehicle, representing one or more embodiments;

[0037] Figure 14 This is a second schematic diagram showing the distribution of antenna modules on the sunroof glass of a vehicle, representing one or more embodiments.

[0038] Figure 15 This is the third schematic diagram showing the distribution of antenna modules on the sunroof glass of a vehicle, representing one or more embodiments.

[0039] Figure 16 This is the fourth schematic diagram showing the distribution of antenna modules on the sunroof glass of a vehicle, representing one or more embodiments.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1. Vehicle; 100. Stacked assembly; 10. Substrate; 120. First transparent substrate; 130. Second transparent substrate; 20. Antenna module; 21. Dipole antenna; 22. Feed port; 23. Impedance structure; 231. Gap; 200. Vehicle body. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0044] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application may be used to describe various elements herein, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first transparent substrate may be referred to as a second transparent substrate, and similarly, a second transparent substrate may be referred to as a first transparent substrate. Both the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are transparent substrates, but they are not the same transparent substrate.

[0045] It is understandable that "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least part of an element" refers to part or all of an element.

[0046] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising / including” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0047] In one embodiment, an antenna module is provided, such as Figure 1 As shown, the antenna module 20 includes at least two dipole antennas 21 and a feed port 22.

[0048] Each dipole antenna 21 includes at least one pair of symmetrically arranged antenna arms (e.g., antenna arms 211 and 212 in the figure), such as Figure 2 As shown, the explanation assumes two dipole antennas 21. Each dipole antenna 21 has a feed point (positive feed point and negative feed point) on its antenna arm, and a feed stub connected to the feed point (e.g., ...). Figure 1 Branches 1, 3, 6, and 8 in the middle), and radiating branches (e.g., those connected to the end of the feed branch furthest from the feed point) Figure 1 The radiating branches of multiple antenna arms are distributed in a ring shape (2, 5, 4, 7).

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the positive + and negative - terminals of the feed port 22 are connected to the positive feed point and the negative feed point, respectively. The feed port 22 is used to receive the excitation signal to support the radiating stubs of the antenna module 20 in the target frequency band to support the ring current resonant mode.

[0050] In this embodiment, a single dipole antenna can be formed by bending and rotating to create a feed stub and a radiating stub, and a current loop can be constructed based on the radiating stub to support omnidirectional radiation. To better illustrate the implementation process of the stacked component provided in this application embodiment, the following is used as an example. Figure 1 The following example illustrates the structure shown:

[0051] The antenna module 20 includes two dipole antennas 21, each of which includes antenna arms 211 and antenna arms 212 arranged symmetrically.

[0052] One dipole antenna 21 has an antenna arm 211 including a feed stub 1 and a radiating stub 2, and another antenna arm 212 including a feed stub 3 and a radiating stub 4. The currents on feed stub 1 and feed stub 3 are in phase, and the currents on radiating stub 2 and radiating stub 4 are clockwise in phase (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown).

[0053] Similarly, another dipole antenna 21 has an antenna arm 211 including a radiating stub 7 and a feed stub 8, and an antenna arm 212 including a radiating stub 5 and a feed stub 6. The currents in feed stub 6 and feed stub 8 are opposite, therefore the currents in feed stub 6 and feed stub 8 are in phase, and the currents in radiating stub 5 and radiating stub 7 are in phase. Since radiating stubs 2, 5, 4, and 7 are generally arranged in a ring, when an excitation signal is applied to the feed port 22, a current loop is formed on radiating stubs 2, 5, 4, and 7 to support a ring current resonance mode in the target frequency band. That is, the antenna module provided in this embodiment can achieve omnidirectional radiation in the target frequency band.

[0054] When antenna modules are applied to vehicles, they do not need to be placed in locations such as vehicle bumpers. They can be distributed on any non-conductive planar substrate of the stacked components on the vehicle body, avoiding the influence of metal reflections from vehicle bumpers, etc. Moreover, only a single antenna module is needed to achieve omnidirectional radiation of the target frequency band, which can reduce the total number of antenna modules in the application scenario and reduce costs.

[0055] Taking the target frequency band as the Bluetooth band as an example, the antenna module provided in this application embodiment was tested, and the test results are as follows: Figures 4-6 As shown. See this. Figure 4 The VSWR curve shows that the antenna module's VSWR is less than 2 in the 2.4GHz-2.5GHz frequency range. This indicates that when the antenna module receives the excitation signal, it has high transmission efficiency and low signal loss in the target frequency band. (See also...) Figure 5 As shown in the horizontal cross-sectional diagrams of the antenna module placed horizontally at 2.45 GHz, the horizontal polarization is the dominant polarization, while the vertical polarization is cross-polarization (the blue curve represents the radiation direction distribution in the Phi horizontal plane, and the red curve represents the radiation direction distribution in the Theta vertical plane). Furthermore, the cross-polarization ratio is greater than 30 dB across the entire plane. This indicates that the antenna module has very high polarization purity, meaning it can more effectively transmit and receive RF signals that match its designed polarization direction, while experiencing less cross-polarization interference. This is beneficial for improving communication quality, reducing the bit error rate, and thus enhancing overall communication performance.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, when the antenna module is placed horizontally, the omnidirectional average gain in the horizontal plane at a frequency of 2.45 GHz is 0.6 dBi. Figure 6 The average gain for each frequency is shown in Table 1, and the antenna out-of-roundness is less than 4.5 dB.

[0057] An average gain of 0.6 dBi indicates that the radiated power of the antenna module is relatively uniform in all directions within the horizontal plane, without any obvious directional deviation or uneven radiation intensity. This helps ensure consistent communication quality in all directions within the horizontal plane, thereby improving communication stability and reliability.

[0058] Antenna non-circularity is an important indicator for measuring the uniformity of radiation of an omnidirectional antenna in a plane. It represents the degree of fluctuation in the radiation intensity of the antenna module in various directions within the plane. The antenna module provided in this application has a non-circularity of less than 4.5 dB, indicating that the radiation intensity of the antenna module in various directions within the plane is relatively uniform, with no significant differences in radiation intensity. This is beneficial for ensuring consistent communication quality within the coverage area of ​​the antenna module, reducing communication dead zones or weak signal areas caused by uneven radiation intensity, and improving communication quality.

[0059] Table 1

[0060]

[0061] Through append Figures 4-6 As shown in Table 1, the antenna module provided in this application embodiment can support omnidirectional radiation of the target frequency band and has excellent communication quality.

[0062] In one embodiment, the radial branches are arc-shaped (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 1 (as shown in the image) arc shape, straight line shape (e.g., as shown in the image) Figure 7 (Straight lines) or polygons as shown.

[0063] When the radiating stubs are arc-shaped, the ring distribution pattern formed by multiple radiating stubs will be circular or elliptical. When multiple radiating stubs are circular or elliptical around the feed stubs, there are no sharp inflection points, which can suppress the current accumulation at the inflection point. The ring current distribution is uniform, which can form a uniform radiation field in all directions, ensuring high-quality communication of the antenna module in all directions.

[0064] When the radiating branches are linear, for example, when the radiating branches follow an L-shaped path (such as...), Figure 7 When multiple radiating stubs are arranged in a rectangular shape around the feed stub (as shown), the length of the radiating stubs along the two sides of the rectangle can be set more flexibly to adapt to the installation requirements of the antenna module in different scenarios. For example, if the antenna module is applied to a long strip installation area (e.g., the black border area of ​​a glass panel), most of the radiating stubs can also be placed along the length of this installation area. In this case, both omnidirectional radiation communication requirements can be met, and the installation area can be adapted more flexibly.

[0065] In addition, the radiating branches can also be polygonal, and multiple radiating branches can also be arranged as a whole in a polygon around the power supply branch to adapt to the layout requirements of different application scenarios.

[0066] In one embodiment, the multiple radiating stubs may be distributed in a partially linear and partially arc-shaped manner around the feed stub. Specifically, the arrangement can be determined according to the shape of the antenna module application.

[0067] In one embodiment, the target frequency band includes, but is not limited to, at least one frequency band under at least one network standard selected from Bluetooth communication, WiFi communication, 2G communication, 3G communication, radio communication, 4G communication, and 5G communication. For example, the target frequency band may include the 2.4GHz band for Bluetooth communication. Alternatively, the target frequency band may include the 1.8GHz band to support vehicles equipped with antenna modules in establishing vehicle-to-ground wireless communication networks on radio frequencies. The specific target frequency band can be determined based on the application scenario of the antenna module.

[0068] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the antenna module 20 also includes an impedance structure 23.

[0069] Impedance structure 23 is connected to feed port 22, which can effectively achieve tuning of dipole antenna 21. The resonant frequency of impedance structure 23 is matched with the target frequency band, which enables antenna module 20 to perform high-quality communication in the target frequency band.

[0070] In one embodiment, the impedance structure 23 is connected to the feed port 22 to form a gap 231. Specifically, the two ends of the impedance structure 23 are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the feed port 22 respectively to form a gap, so that the impedance structure 23 is approximately connected to the feed port 22 in parallel with an inductor, thereby realizing the tuning function of the antenna arm of the dipole antenna.

[0071] The impedance structure can be rectangular (e.g.) Figure 8 The impedance structure comprises at least one of the following: rectangular block, circular, elliptical, and polygonal structures, without limitation thereof. A gap is formed at the connection point between the impedance structure and the feed port. The gap is generally semi-annular (the annular gap can be rhomboid, rectangular, or semi-circular, etc.). By adjusting the size of the semi-annular gap, the resonant frequency of the impedance structure can be changed. For example, in one embodiment, by adjusting the length and width of the rectangular gap, the impedance of the impedance structure is approximately 50 ohms, ensuring the high efficiency of the antenna module in transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals.

[0072] By forming an impedance structure, the antenna arm can better transmit the excitation signal corresponding to the target frequency band, enabling it to primarily transmit this excitation signal while suppressing the transmission of other excitation signals, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna module.

[0073] In one embodiment, the extension direction of slot 231 may not be parallel to at least one feed stub. When it is not parallel to at least one feed stub, the coaxial cable (not shown) can be routed along the extension direction of slot 231 to reduce the impact of the coaxial cable on the dipole antenna performance, thereby improving communication quality.

[0074] In one embodiment, there are two dipole antennas 21, and one dipole antenna 21 is rotated 90 degrees to coincide with the other dipole antenna 21. In this case, as... Figure 3 The electromagnetic waves on feed stubs 3 and 8 are of equal amplitude and opposite direction, and their far-field energy cancels each other out. The current on feed stubs 1 and 6 is relatively small, and the far-field radiation is weak. The entire antenna module is mainly supported by the current loop formed on radiating stubs 2, 5, 4, and 7 to support electromagnetic wave radiation, achieving a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern in the far field, and the antenna is polarized horizontally.

[0075] In one embodiment, the radiating stub supports a 1 / 4λ to 1 / 2λ resonant mode in the target frequency band; and / or, the feeding stub supports a 1 / 4λ resonant mode in the target frequency band, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the target frequency band.

[0076] The feed stub supports the 1 / 4λ resonant mode in the target frequency band, enabling the transmission of excitation signals and the generation of electromagnetic waves. The radiating stub operates in the 1 / 2λ wavelength mode, offering excellent communication quality. When the number of dipole antennas is greater than two, the size of the radiating stub can be smaller than 1 / 2λ, falling between 1 / 4λ and 1 / 2λ, to support the 1 / 4λ to 1 / 2λ resonant modes and ensure omnidirectional radiation.

[0077] The dimensions of the stubs (feed stubs and radiating stubs) need to be matched to the resonant modes they support. This matching can be understood as matching the effective electrical length of the stub to the resonant mode it supports. For example, if a stub supports a 1 / 4λ resonant mode, its size should match 1 / 4 wavelength of the target frequency band, meaning it should be an integer multiple of 1 / 4λ of the target frequency band. Taking the target frequency band f as the 2.4GHz band used in Bluetooth communication as an example, the wavelength of the target frequency band f... = At this point, the sum of the electrical lengths of the branches should be equal to... Matching, for example, could be 3.125 cm to support 1 / 4λ resonant mode.

[0078] by Figure 1Taking the structure shown as an example, the antenna module includes two dipole antennas 21. The size of each feed stub is matched to 1 / 4λ. The longer the feed stub, the lower the resonant frequency; the shorter the feed stub, the higher the resonant frequency. The size of each radiating stub is matched to 1 / 2λ, and its length is inversely proportional to the antenna resonant frequency. The longer the feed stub, the lower the resonant frequency; the shorter the feed stub, the higher the resonant frequency. The width of the radiating stub mainly affects the input impedance of the antenna module. At the same time, by adjusting the length and width of the gap in the impedance structure, the input impedance of the antenna module will be adjusted accordingly. For example, in one structure, the input impedance of the antenna module is stabilized at around 50 ohms. The shape of the radiating stub can be arc-shaped, straight, or some other deformed structure, as long as the length is approximately 1 / 2 of the circumference to form a loop current.

[0079] The impedance structure is used to adjust the input impedance of the antenna module. Its stubs are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the feed port, which is similar to an inductor connected in parallel at the input terminal of the antenna module. This can effectively adjust the input impedance of the antenna module to around 50 ohms.

[0080] In one embodiment, the antenna module provided in this application can realize a horizontally omnidirectional Bluetooth antenna. Of course, the resonant frequency of the antenna module can be extended to other target frequency bands by adjusting the lengths of the radiating stubs and the feed stubs.

[0081] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the two antenna arms 211 and 212 of each dipole antenna 21 are arranged in an axisymmetric manner.

[0082] Since the two antenna arms 211 and 212 of the dipole antenna 21 are symmetrically arranged, the far-field energy cancellation will occur in the feed stubs of the antenna arms of two adjacent dipole antennas 21, which is beneficial to supporting the transmission and reception of the target frequency band signal mainly on the radiating stubs and improving the omnidirectional radiation effect.

[0083] In one embodiment, the antenna module also includes multiple parasitic stubs (such as... Figure 9 The parasitic segments 21, 51, 41, and 71 shown are coupled to each other (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 9 In the antenna module, parasitic stub 21 is coupled to radiating stub 2, parasitic stub 51 is coupled to radiating stub 5, parasitic stub 41 is coupled to radiating stub 4, and parasitic stub 71 is coupled to radiating stub 7. These parasitic stubs are arranged in a ring. When a ring current distribution forms on multiple radiating stubs, a ring current distribution can also be formed on multiple parasitic stubs based on magnetic field coupling. Parasitic stubs can be distributed around the radiating stubs to expand the radiation range of the antenna module and enhance its omnidirectional communication strength.

[0084] In one embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, a stacked component 100 is provided, including: a substrate 10 and an antenna module 20.

[0085] The antenna module 20 is disposed on the substrate 10, and the feed stub and the radiating stub are disposed on different layers of the stacked assembly 100, or the feed stub and the radiating stub are disposed on the same layer of the stacked assembly 100.

[0086] The substrate 10 refers to the device that provides support. The substrate 10 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. The substrate 10 has minimal impact on electromagnetic radiation and can be made of non-conductive materials. For example, the substrate 10 can be a multi-layer structure composed of glass, PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral), etc.

[0087] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the substrate 10 includes a first transparent substrate 120 and a second transparent substrate 130.

[0088] The second transparent substrate 130 is positioned further away from ambient light than the first transparent substrate 120. The antenna module 20 is disposed between the first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130.

[0089] The first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130 refer to substrates that are light-transmitting and can provide a certain support. For example, the first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130 can be, but are not limited to, glass plates, transparent polyimide (PI) plates, or transparent plastic plates, such as PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) substrates.

[0090] The antenna module 20 can be disposed on the first transparent substrate 120 or on the second transparent substrate 130. When it is disposed between the first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130, the first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130 can protect the antenna module 20 to prevent damage to the antenna module 20 and improve the service life of the antenna module 20.

[0091] For antenna module 20, set as follows: Figure 11 The understanding between the first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130 shown can include the following situations:

[0092] Antenna module 20 is disposed on the side of the first transparent substrate 120 near the second transparent substrate 130. Antenna module 20 is disposed on the side of the second transparent substrate 130 near the first transparent substrate 120. Antenna module 20 is embedded in a blind slot formed on the side of the first transparent substrate 120 near the second transparent substrate 130. Antenna module 20 is embedded in a blind slot formed on the side of the second transparent substrate 130 near the first transparent substrate 120. In these various arrangements, both the first transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent substrate 130 can protect antenna module 20.

[0093] In one embodiment, where the feed branch and the radiation branch are located on the same layer of the stacked assembly, the feed branch, the feed port, and the radiation branch are all located on the second transparent substrate on the side close to the first transparent substrate.

[0094] The feed source that provides the excitation signal is usually located on the side of the stacked assembly away from the ambient light. Therefore, by placing the antenna module on the second transparent substrate on the side away from the ambient light, it is beneficial to connect it with the feed source inside the stacked assembly (on the side away from the ambient light) and to reduce the length of the feed line connecting the feed source and the feed port.

[0095] The feeder can also be placed in non-light-transmitting areas. Optionally, the feeder can be made of transparent or semi-transparent materials to reduce its negative impact on the lighting effect.

[0096] In one embodiment, the stacked component further includes a functional layer (not shown).

[0097] The functional layer is sandwiched between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. A functional layer refers to a layer structure that can support the implementation of at least one function. The functional layer may include, but is not limited to, a dimming layer, a temperature regulating layer, and a display layer.

[0098] When the power supply branch and the radiation branch are respectively located on different layers of the stacked component, the power supply branch and the power supply port are located on the side of the second transparent substrate close to the first transparent substrate, and the radiation branch is located on the functional layer.

[0099] By setting radiating branches on the functional layer, and setting a feed port and feed branches on the side of the second transparent substrate close to the first transparent substrate, it is beneficial to connect the feed source to the feed port. On the other hand, it is beneficial to reduce the distribution area of ​​the antenna module and reduce the impact on the light-gathering effect of the transparent stacked components.

[0100] The radiating stubs can be placed on the side of the functional layer away from the second transparent substrate. In this case, when viewing the real scene such as the display layer from the side of the second transparent substrate away from the ambient light, only the feed port and feed stubs exist in front of the display scene, reducing the impact on the scene. That is, the negative impact of the antenna module on the performance of the functional layer can be reduced.

[0101] In one embodiment, the feed stubs, radiating stubs, and impedance structure of the antenna module can be implemented using methods such as silver paste printing or copper foil patching. Optionally, the feed stubs, radiating stubs, and impedance structure of the antenna module can all be implemented using silver paste printing.

[0102] In one embodiment, the antenna module is a printed antenna. Using planar antennas like printed antennas offers greater flexibility in layout space and allows for a larger placement area compared to onboard antennas.

[0103] In one embodiment, the substrate is automotive glass. Combining the antenna module and automotive glass as a single, stacked assembly for subsequent installation can reduce installation steps in the vehicle assembly process, thereby improving vehicle production efficiency and reducing production time and costs.

[0104] In one embodiment, the substrate is a sunroof glass. When the antenna module is mounted on the sunroof glass, omnidirectional radiation can be achieved in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, when the sunroof glass is mounted on a vehicle, its higher position reduces the reflection of electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna module from the metal parts of the vehicle body, thus improving omnidirectional radiation performance. Only one antenna module is needed to achieve omnidirectional communication in vehicle scenarios, reducing the number of antenna modules and saving costs.

[0105] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, a vehicle 1 is provided, including the aforementioned stacked component 100.

[0106] The vehicle 1 equipped with the aforementioned stacked component 100 can achieve any of the beneficial effects of the aforementioned stacked component 100, which will not be elaborated here.

[0107] The laminated component 100 can be installed on the vehicle body 200 of the vehicle 1. For example, the laminated component 100 can be vehicle glass, such as a sunroof, side window, or windshield.

[0108] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the stacked component is a sunroof. Utilizing the sunroof's installation position, horizontal radiation within the target frequency band can be achieved. Furthermore, due to the sunroof's high installation position, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna module are minimally affected by the metal of the vehicle body. Therefore, with a single antenna module setup, omnidirectional radiation can be achieved, ensuring high-quality omnidirectional communication.

[0109] In one embodiment, depending on communication requirements, the stacked component may also be a side window glass, a windshield, etc.

[0110] As described in the above embodiments, the antenna module provided in this application embodiment only needs to be set on a stacked component to achieve omnidirectional communication.

[0111] When the vehicle body is large, the omnidirectional communication range can be extended by appropriately increasing the number of antenna modules. For example, it can be done as follows: Figure 13 As shown, two antenna modules are installed at the front and rear positions of the sunroof glass (which can be set at the corresponding dot positions as shown in the figure) to achieve full coverage of the vehicle body.

[0112] Depending on the required communication distance, four antenna modules can be symmetrically installed on the skylight glass, for example, as shown below. Figures 14-15 The rectangular arrangement shown can also be... Figure 16 The diagram shows a diamond-shaped arrangement (each dot represents the installation position of the antenna module).

[0113] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.

[0114] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0115] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna module, characterized in that, The antenna module is disposed on a non-conductive planar substrate of a stacked assembly, the stacked assembly being used for installation in a vehicle, and the antenna module comprising: Multiple dipole antennas, each dipole antenna including at least one pair of symmetrically arranged antenna arms, each antenna arm having a feed point, a feed stub connected to the feed point, and a radiating stub connected to the end of the feed stub away from the feed point, the radiating stubs of the multiple antenna arms being arranged in a ring; the currents on the two feed stubs of the dipole antennas are in phase; after one of the multiple dipole antennas is rotated 90 degrees, it coincides with another dipole antenna, and the electromagnetic waves generated by one feed stub of one dipole antenna and one feed stub of the other dipole antenna are equal in amplitude and out of phase, and the far-field energy cancels each other out; The feed port has its positive and negative terminals connected to the feed points of each antenna arm, respectively. The feed port is used to receive excitation signals to support the radiating stubs of the antenna module in supporting the ring current resonant mode in the target frequency band.

2. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating branches are arc-shaped, straight, or polygonal.

3. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna module also includes: An impedance structure is provided, which is connected to the power supply port, and the resonant frequency of the impedance structure is matched with the target frequency band.

4. The antenna module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The impedance structure is connected to the power supply port to form a gap.

5. The antenna module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The direction of extension of the gap is not parallel to at least one of the power supply stubs.

6. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating stub supports a 1 / 4λ to 1 / 2λ resonant mode of the target frequency band; and / or, the feeding stub supports a 1 / 4λ resonant mode of the target frequency band, wherein λ is the wavelength corresponding to the target frequency band.

7. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The two antenna arms of each dipole antenna are arranged axially symmetrically.

8. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple parasitic branches are coupled to each of the multiple radiating branches.

9. A stacked component, characterized in that, include: The substrate, and the antenna module as described in any one of claims 1-8; The antenna module is disposed on the substrate, and the feed stub and the radiating stub are respectively disposed on different layers of the stacked assembly, or the feed stub and the radiating stub are disposed on the same layer of the stacked assembly.

10. The stacked component according to claim 9, characterized in that, The substrate includes: First transparent substrate; The second transparent substrate is positioned further away from ambient light than the first transparent substrate; The antenna module is disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.

11. A means of transportation, characterized in that, The stacked component includes any one of claims 9-10.

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