Preparation process of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation technology of an arc-shaped photovoltaic panel, and particularly relates to the technical field of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel preparation, and the technology comprises the steps: S1, arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold preparation, S2, photovoltaic material preparation, S3, photovoltaic panel molding, S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, and S5, edge processing and connection. The adaptability, performance, durability and forming precision of the photovoltaic panel are remarkably improved by customizing a radian mold, adopting an efficient flexible photovoltaic material and introducing a micro-nano structure processing technology, a nano additive, plasma activating treatment, step-by-step heating and pressurizing, magnetic field auxiliary forming and other processes; and meanwhile, a multi-layer composite packaging and flexible connecting assembly is adopted, so that the packaging and connecting mode of the photovoltaic panel is optimized, and efficient, reliable and attractive arc-shaped photovoltaic panel preparation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel preparation, and more specifically, to a preparation process of an arc-shaped photovoltaic panel. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the continuous growth of global demand for clean energy, solar energy, as a renewable and pollution-free energy form, has an increasingly wide range of applications. Curved photovoltaic panels have unique advantages in building integration, circular facilities such as lighthouses, signal towers and some special energy collection devices because they can better fit curved structures. They have become one of the research hotspots in the field of solar photovoltaic technology.

[0003] However, the current preparation process of curved photovoltaic panels faces many challenges, such as: In terms of mold preparation, traditional molds are often difficult to accurately achieve complex arc molding, and the performance of mold materials is limited. It is difficult to meet the requirements of high temperature resistance, high strength and demoulding performance at the same time. There is a lack of effective temperature control methods, which affects the molding quality and production efficiency of photovoltaic panels. In addition, the backward mold surface treatment technology easily leads to adhesion of photovoltaic materials and increases the defective rate. In terms of photovoltaic materials, the types of existing flexible photovoltaic materials are limited, the photoelectric conversion efficiency needs to be improved, and there is a lack of effective means to further optimize its performance during the material preparation process. The pretreatment process of the material is not perfect, which affects the combination effect of the material and the subsequent process. In terms of molding technology, traditional molding methods make it difficult to ensure uniform filling and tight fitting of photovoltaic materials in arc-shaped molds, resulting in uneven internal structure of the product and unstable photoelectric conversion efficiency. The lack of effective auxiliary molding technology makes it impossible to regulate the microstructure of the material, limiting the improvement of product performance. The packaging process has deficiencies. The traditional packaging structure is simple and cannot effectively solve the heat dissipation problem, which easily causes the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel to be too high, affecting its service life and power generation efficiency. The environmental control and bonding technology during the packaging process are not sophisticated enough, resulting in defects such as bubbles and delamination between the packaging layers, reducing product reliability. Rough edge treatment not only affects the appearance of the product, but also causes edge stress concentration, reduces the mechanical strength and safety of the product. The connection method is single and inflexible, which makes it difficult to meet the splicing and connection requirements of curved photovoltaic panels in different application scenarios, limiting its large-scale promotion and application.

[0004] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a preparation process of a curved photovoltaic panel to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a preparation process of a curved photovoltaic panel, specifically comprising the following steps: S1. Preparation of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold: preparing a mold with an arc, wherein the mold is made of a material with high strength, high temperature resistance and good demoulding performance, a heating and cooling system is arranged inside the mold, and a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating is formed on the mold surface by micro-nano structure treatment technology; S2, photovoltaic material preparation, selection of flexible photovoltaic materials, adding nano additives during material preparation, and pretreatment of photovoltaic materials, including surface cleaning and plasma activation treatment; S3, photovoltaic panel molding, placing the pretreated photovoltaic material in the mold of step S1, making it initially fit with the cavity surface, making the photovoltaic material closely fit the mold surface by vacuum adsorption, using a step-by-step heating and pressurization process, firstly making the photovoltaic material initially molded at a relatively low temperature and pressure, then gradually increasing the temperature and pressure, introducing magnetic field auxiliary technology in the molding process, applying a magnetic field of a specific direction and intensity, finally stopping heating, keeping the pressure constant, allowing the mold and photovoltaic panel to gradually cool down under natural cooling conditions, and controlling the cooling rate at 5℃-8℃ / min. When the mold temperature drops below 50℃, slowly releasing the pressure to zero, taking out the molded arc photovoltaic panel, and cooling for ≥2h; S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, using a multi-layer composite packaging structure, with a transparent high-strength protective film and a weather-resistant back sheet set on the front and back of the photovoltaic panel respectively, and a special thermal conductive insulating material filled between the packaging layers. The packaging process is carried out in a vacuum environment, using hot pressing technology; S5, edge processing and connection, fine grinding and chamfering of the edges of the arc-shaped photovoltaic panels, and use of flexible connection components for splicing between arc-shaped photovoltaic panels or connection with external equipment. The connection components are made of conductive elastic material.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the specifications of the mold need to be set according to the curved structure of the specific building or the surface coverage of the circular facility required by the photovoltaic panel, and the surface shapes of the mold cavity and core are set according to the curvature of the curved photovoltaic panel.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the material of the mold is special alloy steel or high-performance engineering plastic, wherein the special alloy steel includes any one of H13 steel containing carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium elements or P20 steel containing chromium, nickel and molybdenum elements, and the high-performance engineering plastic includes any one of polyetheretherketone or polyimide; The heating system uses electric heating elements; The cooling system adopts circulating water cooling.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating is formed by using micro-nano structure processing technology. Specifically, chemical etching, physical vapor deposition and plasma treatment techniques are used to construct a micro-nano rough structure on the mold surface, and then a material with super-hydrophobic properties is coated on the mold surface by dip coating and spraying to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating. The super-hydrophobic material includes a fluorocarbon polymer and a silicone material.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the flexible photovoltaic material specifically includes any one of amorphous silicon flexible photovoltaic material, copper indium gallium selenide flexible photovoltaic material or organic photovoltaic material, the nano-additive includes any one of nano-titanium dioxide or nano-zinc oxide or a combination of two in a 1:1 ratio, and the plasma activation treatment in the pretreatment of the flexible photovoltaic material is carried out under a specific gas atmosphere of oxygen and argon.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, when the photovoltaic material is closely attached to the mold surface by vacuum adsorption, the predetermined vacuum degree of the vacuum adsorption is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the heating and pressurizing process in the molding process is divided into two stages: In the first heating stage, the mold temperature is slowly increased to 80℃-100℃, and the heating rate is controlled at 5℃-10℃ / min. In the first pressurization stage, the pressure value is 1MPa-3MPa, and the duration is 5-10min, so that the photovoltaic material begins to soften and initially fills the mold cavity to adapt to the shape of the mold; In the second heating stage, the mold temperature continues to rise to 120℃-150℃, and the heating rate is adjusted to 3℃-5℃ / min. In the second pressurization stage, the molding pressure is 5MPa-10MPa, and the duration is 10-15min.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the magnetic field assisted technology is introduced as follows: when the temperature and pressure in the mold reach the set values ​​of the second stage and stabilize, the magnetic field generating device is turned on, the direction of the magnetic field is adjusted to be perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic material, and the magnetic field strength is set between 0.1T-0.5T. The magnetic field acts on the carriers in the photovoltaic material, changes their motion trajectory, promotes the migration and separation of carriers inside the material, optimizes the crystal structure and electrical properties of the material, and with the assistance of the magnetic field, maintains a high temperature and high pressure state for 3-5 minutes, so that the photovoltaic material completes the final molding process in the magnetic field environment, giving full play to the effect of the magnetic field on improving material properties.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the material of the protective film is polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate, the material of the back plate is fluoroplastic or silicone material, and the special thermally conductive insulating material includes any one of boron nitride, alumina ceramic powder and polyimide-based thermally conductive insulating composite material; The vacuum heat pressing process in the packaging process has a vacuum degree of 0.01-0.1Pa, a temperature of 100℃-120℃, a pressure of 1-3MPa, and a time of 10-20min.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, the chamfer radius in the edge processing is 1-3 mm, the substrate of the flexible connection component is conductive silicone or elastic metal foil, the surface is coated with conductive silver paste or electroplated metal layer, and the connection component adopts a snap-on, embedded or adhesive structure.

[0016] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: By preparing a mold with a specific curvature, the present invention can customize photovoltaic panels with corresponding curvatures according to the surface coverage requirements of different architectural curved structures or circular facilities, which not only improves the installation flexibility of the photovoltaic system, but also better fits the surface of the building or facility, maximizes the use of solar energy resources, and improves the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation; In the preparation process of the present invention, super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings formed by micro-nano structure processing technology, addition of nano additives, and plasma activation treatment are used to improve the performance of photovoltaic materials. The super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings help reduce the adhesion of dust and water droplets to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, maintain its cleanliness, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, while the nano additives and plasma activation treatment can improve the microstructure and electrical properties of the photovoltaic material, enhance its conductivity and stability, and in addition, the multi-layer composite packaging structure and special thermal conductive insulating materials are used to further improve the durability and service life of the photovoltaic panel. The present invention introduces a step-by-step heating and pressurizing process and a magnetic field-assisted technology in the photovoltaic panel forming process, which can accurately control the forming process of photovoltaic materials, reduce defects and stresses inside the materials, and improve the overall performance and reliability of photovoltaic panels. At the same time, flexible connection components are used to splice arc-shaped photovoltaic panels or connect them to external equipment, which not only improves the flexibility and reliability of the connection, but also effectively reduces the energy loss caused by improper connection. In addition, fine edge processing and chamfering processing also further enhance the aesthetics and safety of the photovoltaic panels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is the overall process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Preparation of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold. According to the curved surface structure requirements of specific buildings, arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold is designed and manufactured. The mold is made of H13 steel. The cavity and core are precisely processed by CNC machining center to make the curvature consistent with the target photovoltaic panel. Electric heating rods are installed inside the mold as heating elements, copper tubes are used as cooling pipes, and circulating water cooling is adopted. Micro-nano rough structure is constructed on the mold surface by chemical etching technology, and then fluorocarbon polymer is dip-coated to form super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating; S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: amorphous silicon flexible photovoltaic material is selected, nano titanium dioxide is added as a nano additive during the preparation process, the surface of the photovoltaic material sheet is cleaned to remove oil and impurities, and then plasma activation treatment is performed in an atmosphere of a mixed gas of oxygen and argon; S3, photovoltaic panel molding, place the pre-treated amorphous silicon photovoltaic material in the mold, start the vacuum adsorption system, make the vacuum degree reach -0.08MPa, ensure that the material is closely attached to the mold surface, and follow the step-by-step heating and pressurization process. First, increase the mold temperature to 80℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, and apply a pressure of 1MPa at the same time, and keep it for 5min to make the material initially molded. Then, increase the temperature to 120℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min, and increase the pressure to 5MPa for 10min. When the temperature and pressure are stable, turn on the magnetic field generating device, and apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the material plane with a strength of 0.1T for 3min. After the molding is completed, cool naturally, and the cooling rate is controlled at 5℃ / min. When the mold temperature drops below 50℃, release the pressure, take out the photovoltaic panel and cool it for 2h. S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, affix a polycarbonate protective film to the front of the photovoltaic panel, affix a fluoroplastic back sheet to the back, fill boron nitride between the packaging layers as a thermally conductive insulating material, put the packaging assembly into a vacuum hot pressing device, and perform hot pressing for 10 minutes under the conditions of a vacuum degree of 0.01Pa, a temperature of 100°C, and a pressure of 1MPa; S5. Edge processing and connection: The edges of the photovoltaic panels are polished and chamfered with a chamfer radius of 1mm. Conductive silicone is used as the base material of the flexible connection component, and the surface is coated with conductive silver paste. A snap-on structure is used for splicing between photovoltaic panels.

[0020] Example 2 This embodiment provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel molds. According to the requirements of circular facility surface coverage, circular arc molds are designed and manufactured. Polyetheretherketone is selected as the mold material. The heating system of the mold adopts electric heating wire, and the cooling system is stainless steel pipe circulating water cooling. Micro-nano structure is constructed on the mold surface through physical vapor deposition technology, and silicone material is sprayed to form a super hydrophobic coating; S2. Photovoltaic material preparation: using copper indium gallium selenide flexible photovoltaic material, adding nano zinc oxide and nano titanium dioxide in a ratio of 1:1, mixing nano additives, cleaning the surface of the material, and performing plasma activation treatment in a pure argon atmosphere; S3, photovoltaic panel molding, placing the material in the mold, and fitting it to the mold by vacuum adsorption to -0.09MPa. In the heating stage, first increase the temperature to 90℃ at 8℃ / min, apply 2MPa pressure for 8min, then increase the temperature to 135℃ at 4℃ / min, increase the pressure to 8MPa for 12min, and after the temperature and pressure are stable, apply a vertical magnetic field with a strength of 0.3T for 4min. After molding, cool naturally at a cooling rate of 6℃ / min, release the pressure below 50℃, and cool for 2.5h; S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, using polyethylene terephthalate protective film and silicone backplane, with alumina ceramic powder filled in the middle as thermal insulation material, vacuum hot pressing for 15 minutes under the conditions of vacuum degree 0.05Pa, temperature 110℃, and pressure 2MPa; S5, edge processing and connection, the edge chamfer radius is 2mm, the flexible connection component uses an elastic metal sheet substrate, the electroplated metal layer improves conductivity, and an embedded structure is used to connect the photovoltaic panel and external equipment.

[0021] Example 3 This embodiment provides a process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold. The arc of the mold is designed according to the complex curved surface building. The mold is made of P20 steel and manufactured by electrospark machining and wire cutting processing. The heating plate is used for heating and the cooling is copper tube circulating water cooling. The micro-nano structure is constructed by plasma treatment technology, and the super-hydrophobic coating is formed by impregnation coating of fluorocarbon polymer and silicone mixed materials. S2, photovoltaic material preparation, select organic photovoltaic material, add single nano zinc oxide additive, clean the material surface and activate it by plasma in an atmosphere of oxygen and argon in a ratio of 3:1; S3, photovoltaic panel molding, the material is placed in the mold and vacuum adsorbed to -0.1MPa, and when heated, it is first heated to 100℃ at 10℃ / min, and the pressure of 1MPa is maintained for 10min, then heated to 150℃ at 5℃ / min, and the pressure of 10MPa is maintained for 15min. After reaching stability, the magnetic field strength is turned on to 0.5T for 5min, and it is naturally cooled after molding, with a cooling rate of 8℃ / min. The pressure is released below 50℃, and cooled for 3h; S4, photovoltaic panel encapsulation, with polycarbonate film on the front and fluoroplastic back sheet on the back, filled with polyimide-based thermal conductive insulating composite material, vacuum hot pressing for 20 minutes at a vacuum degree of 0.1Pa, a temperature of 120℃, and a pressure of 3MPa; S5, edge processing and connection, the edge chamfer radius is 3mm, the flexible connection component is conductive silicone coated with conductive silver paste, and the adhesive structure is used for photovoltaic panel splicing.

[0022] Experimental test: The above-mentioned embodiments 1-3 are taken as examples, the curved photovoltaic panel prepared by the conventional process is taken as comparative example 1, and the photovoltaic panel prepared by the common mold and the partially improved process is taken as comparative example 2, and the performance tests are respectively carried out on them, and the test steps are as follows: Photoelectric conversion efficiency test: Use a solar simulator to simulate standard sunlight conditions (irradiance of 1000W / m², AM1.5 spectrum), place the curved photovoltaic panel sample on the test platform, adjust the photovoltaic panel angle to make it perpendicular to the incident light to ensure uniform illumination, connect the photovoltaic panel to the power analyzer, measure the output power of the photovoltaic panel under stable illumination, record the data, and calculate the photoelectric conversion efficiency according to the formula: Photoelectric conversion efficiency = (output power / incident light power) × 100%. Test each sample 3 times and take the average value; Flexibility test, using a bending test device that can accurately control the bending radius and angle, fix the curved photovoltaic panel sample on the test device, gradually reduce the bending radius from the initial state, keep it for a certain time (such as 5 minutes) after each bending, and observe whether there are cracks, delamination or other damage on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Record the minimum bending radius that the photovoltaic panel can withstand, as well as the changes in appearance at different bending radii, to evaluate flexibility; Heat dissipation performance test: When the curved photovoltaic panel is in working state, use an infrared thermal imager to monitor its surface temperature in real time. After a period of stable operation (such as 1 hour), record the maximum and average temperatures on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, install temperature sensors at key locations inside the photovoltaic panel (such as near the battery cells) to measure the internal temperature, compare and analyze it with the surface temperature data, and evaluate the heat dissipation performance. For the weather resistance test, accelerated aging test equipment is used to simulate the harsh environmental conditions of high temperature, high humidity and ultraviolet radiation. The curved photovoltaic panel samples are placed in the test equipment and aged according to the predetermined cycle period (such as high temperature 85℃ / high humidity 85%RH / ultraviolet radiation 8h, low temperature -40℃ / 4g as one cycle). The samples are taken out at regular intervals (such as 500h) for photoelectric conversion efficiency test, and the changes in the appearance of the samples (such as color fading, surface corrosion, cracking of the packaging layer, etc.) are observed. The data is recorded and the weather resistance is evaluated.

[0023] According to the above test steps, the test data of each embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2 are shown in the following table: It is worth noting that, in Comparative Example 1, the existing conventional arc-shaped photovoltaic panel preparation process is adopted, the mold is an ordinary steel mold, without special curvature adjustment and surface treatment; the photovoltaic material is traditional amorphous silicon, no special nano-additives are added and the pretreatment is simple; the molding process is conventional hot pressing molding, without magnetic field assistance; the packaging adopts an ordinary single-layer packaging structure, without special thermal conductive insulating material filling; the edge treatment is rough, and the connection method is simple welding.

[0024] In Comparative Example 2, in terms of mold preparation, an ordinary aluminum alloy mold is used, which has a certain curvature but cannot be adjusted, and the mold surface is not processed with micro-nano structure; copper indium gallium selenide is selected as the photovoltaic material, but it is not fully pretreated; step-by-step heating and pressurization are used in the molding process but without magnetic field assistance; the packaging structure is a double-layer structure, but the performance of the thermal conductive insulation material is average; the edge treatment is average, and the flexibility of the connecting components is poor.

[0025] From the data in the above table, we can know that: In terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency, the embodiments of the present invention optimize the crystal structure and electrical properties of the materials by selecting new and efficient flexible photovoltaic materials (such as amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium selenide and organic photovoltaic materials in the embodiments), adding nano additives and introducing magnetic field assist technology during the molding process, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly improved. In contrast, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is relatively low due to the limitations of materials and processes; In terms of flexibility, the present invention focuses on the precise adjustment of the curvature in mold design, and adopts flexible photovoltaic materials in material selection, and considers flexibility in packaging and connecting components, so that the curved photovoltaic panel can maintain good performance without damage at a small bending radius. The conventional process of comparative example 1 performs poorly in terms of flexibility and is prone to cracks. Although comparative example 2 is partially improved, it is still not as good as the embodiment of the present invention. In terms of heat dissipation performance, the present invention fills special thermally conductive insulating materials (such as boron nitride, alumina ceramic powder and polyimide-based thermally conductive insulating composite materials) between the packaging layers, and combines the vacuum hot pressing process to effectively improve the heat dissipation performance and reduce the working temperature of the photovoltaic panel. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have poor heat dissipation effects due to the packaging structure and materials, resulting in high surface temperatures, which affect the long-term stability and efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. In terms of weather resistance, the present invention improves the weather resistance of the curved photovoltaic panel through special treatment of the mold surface (super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating), optimal selection of materials, and improvement of packaging structure and process. It can still maintain a high photoelectric conversion efficiency after a long-term aging test. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 perform poorly in terms of weather resistance. The photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases significantly after aging, and the appearance shows more damage.

[0026] In summary, through comparative tests with the comparative examples, the present invention has significant outstanding progress in the preparation process of curved photovoltaic panels, and can prepare curved photovoltaic panels with better performance and better adaptability to various application scenarios.

[0027] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing a curved photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Preparation of arc-shaped photovoltaic panel mold: preparing a mold with an arc, wherein the mold is made of a material with high strength, high temperature resistance and good demoulding performance, a heating and cooling system is arranged inside the mold, and a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating is formed on the mold surface by micro-nano structure treatment technology; S2, photovoltaic material preparation, selection of flexible photovoltaic materials, adding nano additives during material preparation, and pretreatment of photovoltaic materials, including surface cleaning and plasma activation treatment; S3, photovoltaic panel molding, placing the pretreated photovoltaic material in the mold of step S1, making it initially fit with the cavity surface, making the photovoltaic material closely fit the mold surface by vacuum adsorption, using a step-by-step heating and pressurization process, firstly making the photovoltaic material initially molded at a relatively low temperature and pressure, then gradually increasing the temperature and pressure, introducing magnetic field auxiliary technology in the molding process, applying a magnetic field of a specific direction and intensity, finally stopping heating, keeping the pressure constant, allowing the mold and photovoltaic panel to gradually cool down under natural cooling conditions, and controlling the cooling rate at 5℃-8℃ / min. When the mold temperature drops below 50℃, slowly releasing the pressure to zero, taking out the molded arc photovoltaic panel, and cooling for ≥2h; S4, photovoltaic panel packaging, using a multi-layer composite packaging structure, with a transparent high-strength protective film and a weather-resistant back sheet set on the front and back of the photovoltaic panel respectively, and a special thermal conductive insulating material filled between the packaging layers. The packaging process is carried out in a vacuum environment, using hot pressing technology; S5, edge processing and connection, fine grinding and chamfering of the edges of the arc-shaped photovoltaic panels, and use of flexible connection components for splicing between arc-shaped photovoltaic panels or connection with external equipment. The connection components are made of conductive elastic material.

2. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the specifications of the mold need to be set according to the curved structure of the specific building or the surface coverage of the circular facility required by the photovoltaic panel, and the surface shapes of the cavity and core of the mold are set according to the curvature of the curved photovoltaic panel.

3. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the material of the mold is special alloy steel or high-performance engineering plastic, wherein the special alloy steel includes any one of H13 steel containing carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium elements or P20 steel containing chromium, nickel and molybdenum elements, and the high-performance engineering plastic includes any one of polyetheretherketone or polyimide; The heating system uses electric heating elements; The cooling system adopts circulating water cooling.

4. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating is formed by using micro-nano structure processing technology. Specifically, chemical etching, physical vapor deposition and plasma treatment techniques are used to construct a micro-nano rough structure on the mold surface, and then a material with super-hydrophobic properties is coated on the mold surface by dip coating and spraying to form a super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating. The super-hydrophobic material includes a fluorocarbon polymer and a silicone material.

5. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the flexible photovoltaic material specifically includes any one of amorphous silicon flexible photovoltaic material, copper indium gallium selenide flexible photovoltaic material or organic photovoltaic material, the nano-additive includes any one of nano-titanium dioxide or nano-zinc oxide or a combination of two in a 1:1 ratio, and the plasma activation treatment in the pretreatment of the flexible photovoltaic material is carried out under a specific gas atmosphere of oxygen and argon.

6. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when the photovoltaic material is closely attached to the mold surface by vacuum adsorption, the predetermined vacuum degree of the vacuum adsorption is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

7. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S3 step, the heating and pressurizing process in the molding process is divided into two stages: In the first heating stage, the mold temperature is slowly increased to 80℃-100℃, and the heating rate is controlled at 5℃-10℃ / min. In the first pressurization stage, the pressure value is 1MPa-3MPa, and the duration is 5-10min, so that the photovoltaic material begins to soften and initially fills the mold cavity to adapt to the shape of the mold; In the second heating stage, the mold temperature continues to rise to 120℃-150℃, and the heating rate is adjusted to 3℃-5℃ / min. In the second pressurization stage, the molding pressure is 5MPa-10MPa, and the duration is 10-15min.

8. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the magnetic field assisted technology is introduced. Specifically, when the temperature and pressure in the mold reach the set value of the second stage and stabilize, the magnetic field generating device is turned on, and the direction of the magnetic field is adjusted to be perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic material. The magnetic field strength is set between 0.1T-0.5T. The magnetic field acts on the carriers in the photovoltaic material, changes their movement trajectory, promotes the migration and separation of carriers inside the material, and optimizes the crystal structure and electrical properties of the material. With the assistance of the magnetic field, the high temperature and high pressure state is maintained for 3-5 minutes, so that the photovoltaic material can complete the final molding process in the magnetic field environment, giving full play to the effect of the magnetic field on improving material properties.

9. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the material of the protective film is polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate, the material of the back plate is fluoroplastic or silicone material, and the special thermal conductive insulating material includes any one of boron nitride, alumina ceramic powder and polyimide-based thermal conductive insulating composite material; The vacuum heat pressing process in the packaging process has a vacuum degree of 0.01-0.1Pa, a temperature of 100℃-120℃, a pressure of 1-3MPa, and a time of 10-20min.

10. The process for preparing the curved photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the chamfer radius in the edge processing is 1-3 mm, the substrate of the flexible connection component is conductive silicone or elastic metal sheet, the surface is coated with conductive silver paste or electroplated metal layer, and the connection component adopts a snap-on, embedded or adhesive structure.

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