Ophthalmic lenses and methods for correcting, slowing, reducing and / or controlling myopia progression

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses and methods for correcting, slowing, reducing and / or controlling myopia progression. An ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of light modulation units. One or more of the plurality of light modulation units refract light to a second image plane different from the first image plane and / or one or more of the plurality of light modulation units refract light to a third image plane different from the first image plane and the second image plane. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of light modulation units is configured to refract light to at least two (e.g., 2, 3, or 4) image planes different from the first image plane.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of an application with priority dates of June 28, 2019 and September 6, 2019, an application date of June 26, 2020, application number 202080059468.1, and invention name “Ophthalmic lenses and methods for correcting, slowing, reducing and / or controlling myopia progression”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 868,348, filed on June 28, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 896,920, filed on September 6, 2019. This application is also related to International Application No. PCT / AU2017 / 051173, filed on October 25, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 412,507, filed on October 25, 2016. Each of these priority applications and related applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0004] The present disclosure relates to ophthalmic lenses and, more particularly, to ophthalmic lenses and methods for correcting, slowing, reducing and / or controlling myopia progression. Background Art

[0005] The background discussion in the present disclosure is included to explain the context of the disclosed embodiments. This should not be taken as an admission that the material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge at the priority date of the embodiments presented in this disclosure and the claims.

[0006] Myopia, commonly referred to as shortsightedness, is an eye disease that causes distant objects to focus in front of the retina. Thus, the image on the retina is not in focus and the image of the object is blurred. Optical correction strategies for myopia have been adopted, which use ophthalmic lenses to move the image plane to the retina and provide clear vision. However, these strategies do not slow the growth of the eye, so myopia continues to progress. There are many optical correction strategies that are intended to slow down or prevent or control the progression of myopia, and these strategies generally use myopic defocusing while trying to provide clear vision at the retina at the same time. It has been found that these strategies slow down the progression to a certain extent.

[0007] Considering a natural scene imaged by the eye, the scene includes elements that are in focus as well as elements that are myopically and hyperopically defocused. The extent and magnitude of such in-focus and out-of-focus elements vary from scene to scene. Thus, in the eye, regions of the retina are exposed to competing optical signals generated by in-focus and out-of-focus images. The out-of-focus image may be both hyperopic defocus as well as myopic defocus. Such competing focus / defocus signals may have an effect on guiding the eye to emmetropisation - as in animal models, introducing only myopic or hyperopic defocus disrupts emmetropisation. Similarly, correcting a myopic eye with a device of uniform power does not slow eye growth. Thus, the combination of elements that direct or divert light to multiple planes may result in competing signals at the retina and may provide an incentive to slow and / or prevent eye growth.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need to provide competing defocus signals at the retina by directing light to shift to multiple planes, and thus provide a slowing and / or stopping signal for eye growth. The present disclosure is intended to address these and other problems disclosed herein. The present disclosure is also intended to point out one or more advantages of using the exemplary ophthalmic lenses and methods described herein. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present disclosure is directed to overcoming and / or ameliorating one or more of the problems described herein.

[0010] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods for correcting, slowing, reducing, and / or controlling myopia progression.

[0011] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods for correcting, slowing, reducing, and / or controlling the progression of eye growth by directing or moving light to multiple planes utilizing multiple light modulation elements.

[0012] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods of directing incident light to more than one image plane (eg, 2 or more image planes or 3 or more image planes).

[0013] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing multiple light modulation cells and a base lens to direct incident light to more than one image plane (eg, 2 or more image planes or 3 or more image planes).

[0014] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes).

[0015] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) in front of the first image plane.

[0016] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) that is posterior relative to the first image plane.

[0017] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens having a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes), and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes).

[0018] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens having a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) that is in front of the first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes) that is further in front of the first image plane and the second image plane.

[0019] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens having a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a second image plane (e.g., one or more second image planes) in front of the first image plane, and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulation units directs light to a third image plane (e.g., one or more third image planes) in back of the first image plane.

[0020] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens having a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to two or more image planes and the plurality of light modulation units direct light to one or more image planes (e.g., one or more image planes different from the two or more image planes associated with the base lens).

[0021] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulating units, wherein one or more of the light modulating units are myopic relative to the first focal power and one or more of the light modulating units are hyperopic relative to the first focal power.

[0022] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal length and a second focal length; and a plurality of light modulating units located on the base lens having the second focal length, wherein one or more of the light modulating units are myopic relative to the first focal length and the second focal length and one or more of the light modulating units are hyperopic relative to the first focal length and the second focal length.

[0023] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; a plurality of light modulator units having a second focal power located on the base lens, and an envelope zone having a third focal power surrounding the plurality of light modulator units, wherein one or more of the light modulator units are myopic relative to the first focal power and the third focal power and one or more of the light modulator units are hyperopic relative to the first focal power and the third focal power.

[0024] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulator units, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulator units have a second focal power and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulator units have a third focal power, wherein the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first focal power directs incident light to a first image plane, and the light modulator units having the second focal power direct light to a second image plane that is myopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the light modulator units having the third focal power direct light to a third image plane that is hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane.

[0025] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulator units, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulator units have a second focal power, a third focal power, and a fourth focal power, wherein the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first focal power directs incident light to a first image plane, and the light modulator units having the second and third focal powers direct light to second and third image planes that are myopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the light modulator units having the fourth focal power direct light to a fourth image plane that is hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane.

[0026] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulator units, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulator units have a second focal power, a third focal power, and a fourth focal power, wherein the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first focal power directs incident light to a first image plane, and the light modulator unit having the second focal power directs light to a second image plane that is myopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the light modulator units having the third focal power and the fourth focal power direct light to third and fourth image planes that are hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane.

[0027] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens for an eye with a refractive error, the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulator units, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulator units have a second focal power and at least one or more of the plurality of light modulator units have a third focal power, wherein the portion of the ophthalmic lens having the first focal power directs incident light to a first image plane to correct the refractive error of the eye, and the light modulator units having the second focal power direct light to a second image plane that is myopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the light modulator units having the third focal power direct light to a third image plane that is hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane.

[0028] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens for an eye with refractive error, the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulating units; the base lens comprising a central optical zone and a peripheral optical zone, wherein the focal power of the peripheral optical zone is more positive than that of the central optical zone; wherein one or more of the light modulating units located on the peripheral optical zone has a focal power that is more positive than that of the peripheral optical zone, and one or more of the light modulating units located on the peripheral optical zone has a focal power that is more negative than that of the peripheral optical zone.

[0029] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing one or more multifocal light modulation elements to direct incident light at more than one image plane.

[0030] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation units, wherein the base lens directs light to a first image plane and one or more of the multifocal light modulation units direct light to at least a second and a third image plane.

[0031] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens; and one or more multifocal light modulation units, wherein the base lens comprises a first focal length, and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation units comprises at least a second focal length, and a portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation units comprises at least a third focal length.

[0032] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having one or more focal powers; and a plurality of light modulating cells, wherein one or more of the light modulating cells are multifocal light modulating cells (ie, they have more than one focal length).

[0033] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal length; and a plurality of multifocal light modulation units, wherein a first portion of one or more of the multifocal light modulation units has a second focal length and a second portion of the one or more multifocal light modulation units has a third focal length.

[0034] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of multifocal light modulation units, wherein a portion of the multifocal light modulation units directs light in front relative to the first focal power and another portion of the multifocal light modulation units directs light in the back relative to the first focal power.

[0035] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having one or more focal powers; and a plurality of light modulating units, wherein one or more of the light modulating units are substantially uniform in focal power and one or more of the multifocal light modulating units have varying focal powers.

[0036] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulating units, wherein one or more of the light modulating units (e.g., multifocal light modulating units) have a varying focal power, i.e., a gradient focal power, or a progressive focal power (e.g., the light modulating unit has more than one focal length, wherein the multiple focal lengths gradually transition or change from one focal length to another; or the focal length changes across one of a plurality of regions of the light modulating unit).

[0037] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulating units, wherein the focal power of one or more of the light modulating units (e.g., multifocal light modulating units) includes an astigmatic focal power (e.g., may have one or more cylindrical or complex surfaces to provide different focal powers along different axes or meridians).

[0038] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulator units, wherein the focal power of one or more of the light modulator units (e.g., multifocal light modulator units) comprises one or more astigmatic focal powers, whereby the axes (or meridians) of the one or more astigmatic focal powers may be radially, and / or circumferentially, and / or vertically, and / or horizontally, and / or obliquely aligned, and / or in a random, quazi-random, and / or pseudo-random arrangement.

[0039] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulating units, wherein the focal power of one or more of the light modulating units (e.g., multifocal light modulating units) comprises one or more combinations of higher-order aberrations (e.g., spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quadrilobal, higher-order astigmatism, etc.).

[0040] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; and a plurality of light modulating units, wherein the focal power of one or more of the light modulating units (e.g., multifocal light modulating units) comprises one or more combinations of higher-order aberrations, whereby the axes or meridians of one or more non-rotationally symmetric higher-order aberrations (e.g., coma, trefoil) can be radially, and / or circumferentially, and / or vertically, and / or horizontally, and / or obliquely aligned, and / or arranged randomly, quasi-randomly, and / or pseudo-randomly.

[0041] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first optical power, and a plurality of optical modulation units, wherein one or more of the optical modulation units have an optical power for myopia relative to the first optical power and one or more of the optical modulation units have an optical power for hyperopia relative to the first optical power.

[0042] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first optical power, and a plurality of optical modulation units, wherein one or more of the optical modulation units have an optical power for myopia or hyperopia relative to the first focal power, and one or more of the optical modulation units are multifocal optical modulation units having a focal power that varies relative to the first focal power.

[0043] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power; one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is myopic relative to the first focal power; and one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is hyperopic relative to the first focal power, wherein the base lens having the first focal power directs incident light to be focused at a first image plane, the one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is more myopic relative to the first focal power directs light to one or more image planes that are hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is more hyperopic than the first focal power directs light to one or more image planes that are myopically defocused relative to the first image plane.

[0044] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens, comprising a base lens having a first focal power, one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is myopic relative to the first focal power; one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is hyperopic relative to the first focal power, and one or more multifocal light modulator units having variable focal power, wherein the base lens having the first focal power directs incident light to a first image plane, the one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is more myopic relative to the first focal power direct light to one or more image planes that are hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane, the one or more light modulator units having a focal power that is more hyperopic relative to the first focal power direct light to one or more image planes that are myopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the one or more multifocal light modulator units direct light to one or more image planes.

[0045] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens for correcting refractive error of an eye, the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens having a first focal power, one or more light modulators having a focal power that is myopic relative to the first focal power; one or more light modulators having a focal power that is hyperopic relative to the first focal power, and one or more multifocal light modulators having variable focal powers, wherein the base lens having the first focal power directs incident light to a first image plane to correct the refractive error of the eye, the one or more light modulators having a focal power that is more myopic relative to the first focal power directs light to one or more image planes that are hyperopically defocused relative to the first image plane, the one or more light modulators having a focal power that is more hyperopic relative to the first focal power directs light to one or more image planes that are myopically defocused relative to the first image plane, and the one or more multifocal light modulators direct light to one or more image planes.

[0046] The present disclosure relates at least in part to an ophthalmic lens, which includes a base lens with two or more meridians, the base lens including two or more meridian powers; one or more light modulation units with myopia relative to one meridian power; one or more light modulation units with hyperopia relative to the one meridian power, wherein the base lens with two or more meridian powers guides incident light to two or more meridian planes, the one or more light modulation units with a power that is more myopic relative to a first power guides light to focus at an image plane that is hyperopically defocused relative to one meridian plane, and the one or more light modulation units with a power that is more hyperopic relative to the first power guides light to an image plane that is myopically defocused relative to the one meridian plane.

[0047] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and one or more light modulation units that (individually and / or collectively) result in a through focus light distribution that is spread over more than one image plane (e.g., 2 or more image planes or 3 or more image planes, 2 or more image planes or 3 or more image planes, 4 or more image planes or 5 or more image planes, 6 or more image planes or 7 or more image planes, 8 or more image planes or 9 or more image planes, 10 or more image planes).

[0048] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and one or more light modulation units that (individually and / or collectively) result in a through-focus light distribution that results in an extended depth of focus.

[0049] The present disclosure relates at least in part to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and multiple light modulating units in one or more zones on the base lens, wherein the size, unit-to-unit spacing, sagittal height, curvature, focal length, and geometric fill factor of the one or more light modulating units on the base lens result in a through-focus light distribution of incident light for light transmitted through the one or more light modulating unit zones, wherein a portion of the light is directed to an image plane, a portion of the light is myopically defocused relative to the image plane, and a portion of the light is hyperopically defocused relative to the image plane.

[0050] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and multiple light modulator cells in one or more zones on the base lens, wherein the multiple light modulator cells (individually and / or collectively) result in a through-focus light distribution for light transmitted through the one or more light modulator cell zones that is directed to an image plane, in front of the image plane, and / or behind the image plane.

[0051] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and a plurality of light modulator cells in one or more zones on the base lens, the plurality of light modulator cells being relatively more correct than the base lens to result in a through-focus light distribution for light transmitted through the one or more light modulator cell zones, the through-focus light distribution being directed to an image plane, in front of the image plane, and / or behind the image plane.

[0052] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and a plurality of light modulator cells in one or more zones on the base lens that are relatively more correct than the base lens to result in a through-focus light distribution for light transmitted through the one or more light modulator cell zones that is directed to an image plane and one or more planes in front of the image plane.

[0053] The present disclosure relates at least in part to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and a plurality of light modulation units that are relatively more negative than the base lens to result in a through-focus light distribution that is directed to an image plane, in front of the image plane, and behind the image plane.

[0054] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to ophthalmic lenses and / or methods utilizing a base lens and a plurality of light modulating elements that are relatively more negative than the base lens, resulting (individually and / or collectively) in a through-focus light distribution that is directed to an image plane and one or more planes behind the image plane.

[0055] Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Various aspects of the implementations described herein can be understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

[0057] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a single vision ophthalmic lens and an eye corrected with a spectacle lens.

[0058] Figure 2is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein, which has a base lens and a light modulation unit combined with the lens; and a schematic diagram of an eye corrected by the ophthalmic lens.

[0059] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a power distribution of a light modulation unit.

[0060] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a surface profile of a light modulation unit.

[0061] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an example of a light modulation unit that phase modulates light.

[0062] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a possible distribution of light modulation units across various zones of an ophthalmic lens.

[0063] Figure 7 is a table showing an example geometric fill factor of a light modulating cell on an ophthalmic lens and the resultant through focus light distribution at myopic and hyperopic defocus.

[0064] Figure 8 is the through-focus light distribution of light incident on an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulation cells, which exhibits the proportion of light that is in focus at the image plane, in front of or in front of the image plane, and behind or behind the image plane.

[0065] Fig. 9 A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens is shown having a plano powered base lens and a +3.50D light modulating element.

[0066] Fig.10 is the synthetic through-focus light distribution of light incident on an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulation units having a geometric filling factor in which 75% of the light is directed to an image plane and approximately 25% of the light is directed to a plane in front of the image plane (myopic defocus).

[0067] Fig.11 An embodiment of a through-focus light distribution of an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulating elements wherein a geometric fill factor is designed to provide an asymmetric amplitude of light focus across planes in front of and behind an image plane.

[0068] Fig.12 The through-focus light distribution of an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulation cells is shown, wherein light distribution bands spanning planes in front of and behind the image plane are taken into account in diopter steps.

[0069] Fig.13 The through-focus light distribution of an ophthalmic lens comprising a plurality of light modulation cells is shown, wherein light distribution bands spanning planes in front of and behind the image plane are accounted for in discrete or discontinuous diopter steps.

[0070] Fig.14a and Fig.14b The dependence of the light modulation unit on the adjacent units is shown.

[0071] Fig.15 is a table listing the specifications of the light modulation units of Examples 1-13.

[0072] Fig.16 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 1).

[0073] Fig.17 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 2).

[0074] Fig.18 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 3).

[0075] Fig.19 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 4).

[0076] Fig. 20 The power diagram and geometric circle of confusion for a -2.00D myopic lens with a positive light modulating element (+0.50D light modulating element power) are shown.

[0077] Fig.21 The power diagram and geometric circle of confusion of a -2.00D myopic lens with a negative light modulation element (+2.00D light modulation element power) are shown.

[0078] Fig. 22 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 5).

[0079] Fig.23 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 6).

[0080] Fig.24 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 7).

[0081] Fig.25is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 8).

[0082] Fig.26 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein (Example 9).

[0083] Fig. 27 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments (embodiment 10) described herein.

[0084] Fig.28 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments (Embodiment 11) described herein.

[0085] Fig.29 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments (Embodiment 12) described herein.

[0086] Fig.30 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having concave and convex light modulating elements on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments (Example 13) described herein.

[0087] Fig.31 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a multifocal light modulation unit on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments (Example 14) described herein.

[0088] Fig.32 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a multifocal light modulation unit on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments (Example 15) described herein.

[0089] Fig.33 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a multifocal light modulation unit on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein (Example 16).

[0090] Fig.34 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having both positive, negative and multifocal light modulation elements on both the front and back surfaces of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments (Example 17) described herein.

[0091] Fig.35 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having concave, convex, and multifocal light modulating elements embedded on a lens surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein.

[0092] Fig.36is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having concave, convex, and multifocal light modulating elements embedded in a lens matrix of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein.

[0093] Fig.37 is an enlarged schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having concave and convex light modulating elements of the spectacle lens on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens to illustrate multiple planes at which light is directed through the spectacle lens to the retina according to some embodiments described herein.

[0094] Fig.38 is an enlarged schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens (i.e., contact lens) according to some embodiments described herein, which has concave and convex light modulating elements on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens to illustrate that light is directed through the ophthalmic lens to focus at multiple planes at the retina.

[0095] Fig.39 is a power diagram of an exemplary lens for a myopic eye according to some embodiments described herein.

[0096] Fig.40 is a power diagram of an exemplary lens for a myopic eye according to some embodiments described herein.

[0097] Fig.41 is a power diagram of an exemplary lens for a myopic eye according to some embodiments described herein.

[0098] Fig.42 is an illustration of an ophthalmic lens including a light modulation unit, wherein the optical power of the light modulation unit is selected so that the corresponding focal plane is located near the entrance pupil of the eye.

[0099] Fig.43 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein.

[0100] Fig.44 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein.

[0101] Fig.45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0102] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different features of the subject matter provided. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the disclosure. Of course, these are merely examples and are not restrictive. In addition, the disclosure may repeat reference numbers and / or letters in various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not itself specify the relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.

[0103] The subject headings used in the detailed description are included for the convenience of the reader's reference and should not be used to limit the subject matter found in the entire disclosure or claims. The subject headings should not be used to interpret the scope of the claims or the limitations of the claims.

[0104] As used in this disclosure, the term "about" should be understood as interchangeable with the terms "approximately" or "substantially."

[0105] As used in this disclosure, the term “comprise” and its derivatives (eg, includes, contains) should be construed as including the features it refers to, and are not meant to exclude the existence of other features unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0106] The terms "myopia" or "myopic eye" as used in this disclosure are intended to refer to an eye that is already myopic, pre-myopic, or has a refractive condition that is progressing toward myopia.

[0107] The term "stop signal" as used in this disclosure refers to an optical signal that may facilitate slowing, arresting, delaying, inhibiting or controlling the growth of the eye and / or the refractive condition of the eye.

[0108] The term "ophthalmic lens" as used in this disclosure is intended to include one or more of a spectacle lens or a contact lens. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens may include a base lens. It may also include one or more films or sheets or coatings designed to be attached or adhered to a base lens or used in conjunction with a base lens.

[0109] The term "spectacle lens" as used in the present disclosure is intended to encompass a lens blank, a semi-finished product, a finished product or a substantially finished spectacle lens.

[0110] The term "light modulation unit" as used in the present disclosure refers to a refractive or diffractive or a combination of refractive and diffractive optical elements [e.g., a small lens, a refractive lens or a Fresnel-type lens, or a diffractive small step grating, a diffraction grating, a diffraction ring, or a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a kinoform, or a binary phase mask, or a phase-modifying surface, such as a metasurface or a nanostructure], which element can be (or can be shaped as): circular, elliptical, semicircular, hexagonal, square, cylindrical or other suitable shapes. The light modulator unit can be spherical, aspherical, multifocal or prismatic, and the diameter of the light modulator unit can range from about 20 microns to about 3 mm (for example, about 20 microns, 50 microns, 75 microns, 100 microns, 200 microns, 250 microns, 300 microns, 400 microns, 500 microns, 600 microns, 700 microns, 750 microns, 800 microns, 900 microns, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, and / or 3 mm). The light modulator unit can have zero focal power or no focal power, can be positive focal power or negative focal power and / or can have multiple focal powers. The light modulator unit can have a focal length or can have one or more focal lengths. The shape (or surface profile) of the light modulator unit can be convex, plano (for example, flat or substantially flat), concave, or can be a combination of suitable shapes. The light modulator unit can have low-order aberrations (astigmatism). The light modulator cells may have astigmatism axes that are aligned vertically, horizontally, obliquely, radially, circumferentially, and / or in a random, quasi-random, and / or pseudo-random arrangement. The light modulator cells may have a higher-order aberration or a combination of more than one higher-order aberration (e.g., spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quadrulobal, etc.). The light modulator cells may have axes or meridians of non-rotational higher-order aberrations (e.g., coma, trefoil, quadrulobal), that are aligned vertically, horizontally, obliquely, radially, circumferentially, and / or in a random, quasi-random, and / or pseudo-random arrangement. The light modulator cells may be composed of the same material (e.g., having the same refractive index) as the substrate (e.g., base lens) of the ophthalmic lens, or may have a change in material and / or refractive index relative to the substrate of the ophthalmic lens. The light modulator cells may be generated by a laser (e.g., a femtosecond laser) in a subtractive or local lens material change process. Multiple light modulators can be prepared in conjunction with a mask to increase the efficiency of producing light modulators. The light modulator can be formed on or attached to one or both of the front or back surfaces of the base lens, or embedded or sandwiched in the base lens, or can include a combination thereof (e.g., one or more light modulators are embedded in the base lens and one or more are formed on one or more surfaces). The light modulator can be formed as part of a lens surface coating or transferred to a surface as part of a lens manufacturing process (e.g., a molding process).The light modulation unit may exhibit aberrations; for example, aspherical surfaces may be used in part or in whole of the light modulation unit to introduce power variations, such as spherical aberration or other suitable optical aberrations across the light modulation unit. The power of the light modulation unit may be determined using established techniques and / or procedures for measuring refractive power, or may be calculated based on the refractive index, thickness, curvature, or a combination thereof of the material used, or calculated using other suitable material properties.

[0111] The term "multifocal" light modulator as used in the present disclosure refers to a light modulator having multiple focal lengths and / or focal powers. It may also refer to a cylindrical or astigmatic or complex curved light modulator. In some embodiments, a multifocal light modulator may be referred to as a light modulator having a variable focal power.

[0112] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a single vision ophthalmic lens and a myopic eye corrected with a spectacle lens. As shown in the figure, an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) is placed in front of an eye to affect the vision of that eye. Figure 1 In the figure, an ophthalmic lens 1 (1a is a side view and 1b is a front view) has a substantially uniform focal power, and as can be observed by the side view of the lens 1, light passing through the ophthalmic lens 1 (e.g., a spectacle lens) is focused in a single image plane at or near the fovea of ​​the eye.

[0113] Considering an image of a natural scene at the eye, the scene typically includes elements that are in focus as well as elements that are myopically defocused and hyperopically defocused. The extent and magnitude of such in-focus and out-of-focus elements vary from scene to scene. Thus, in the eye, some areas or portions of the retina are exposed to competing optical signals generated by in-focus and out-of-focus images. An out-of-focus image may be both hyperopic defocus as well as myopic defocus. Such competing focus / defocus signals may have an effect on guiding the eye to emmetropize—as in animal models, the introduction of myopic or hyperopic defocus may disrupt emmetropization. Similarly, correcting a myopic eye with a device having an ophthalmic lens of uniform power does not slow eye growth. Thus, the combination of elements that direct light into multiple planes may result in competing signals at the retina and may provide an incentive to slow and / or prevent eye growth.

[0114] Therefore, it is desirable to provide competing defocus signals at the retina by directing light to multiple planes, and thus provide a slowing and / or stopping signal for eye growth. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to achieve these results by attenuating the intensity of the in-focus image compared to the surrounding. In this case, when the ophthalmic lens is in use, it is desirable to direct incident light to multiple planes at the retina for some gaze directions of the eye.

[0115] Thus, in some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses and / or methods described herein can direct light to multiple planes for all or most of the gaze directions of an eye when the ophthalmic lens is used in a person's eye. In some embodiments, most of the gaze directions of any eye can include at least 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the gaze position of the eye when the person's eye is using the ophthalmic lens.

[0116] Base lenses for ophthalmic lenses

[0117] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulation unit bonded to the base lens and an eye corrected by the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. Figure 2 In the embodiment, an ophthalmic lens 2 (e.g., a spectacle lens) (2a is a side view and 2b is a front view) includes a plurality of light modulation units 2f formed on the surface of the lens or embedded in the lens. The ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) has three optical zones—a central optical zone 2c, a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d, and a peripheral optical zone 2e.

[0118] In some embodiments, the base lens of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) may include one or more of these three zones. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may be combined with a sheet or film or coating that may be attached to or applied to one or more surfaces of the spectacle lens, or assembled to the front and / or back surfaces of the base lens and / or embedded in the base lens. In some embodiments, the central optical zone of the ophthalmic lens may be circular in shape and have a radius ranging from about 1.5 mm to 5 mm. In some embodiments, the central optical zone may be non-circular in shape. In some embodiments, the optical zone may be elliptical or square in shape or any other suitable shape. In some embodiments, the central optical zone may deviate from the central axis or optical axis of the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, the intermediate-peripheral optical zone may be annular in shape or may have other suitable shapes and have an inner radius of about 15 mm and an outer radius of about 15 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral optical zone may be annular in shape or have other suitable shapes and have an inner radius of about 10 mm and an outer radius of about 30 mm. In some embodiments, the substrate of the base lens may be composed of a transparent or at least substantially transparent material. In some embodiments, the substrate lens may have a uniform power across the lens, or may have a power that varies across the lens. In some embodiments, the peripheral optical zone of the substrate lens has a more positive power than the central and / or intermediate-peripheral optical zones. In some embodiments, the peripheral and intermediate-peripheral optical zones of the substrate lens have a more positive power than the central optical zone. In some embodiments, the peripheral optical zone of the substrate lens has a more negative power than the central and / or intermediate-peripheral optical zones. In some embodiments, the increase in positive power from the center to the intermediate-peripheral and / or peripheral zones may be stepped, or may gradually increase in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner. In some embodiments, the increase in negative power from the center to the intermediate-peripheral and / or peripheral zones may be stepped, or may gradually increase in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner. In some embodiments, the change in power from the center to the peripheral zone may be across the entire (or substantially the entire) substrate lens, or may be applied to certain areas or quadrants or sections of the lens. In some embodiments, the base lens of an ophthalmic lens may incorporate a filter or may incorporate a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask. In some embodiments, the filter may be applied over the entire base lens or may be applied to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens. In some embodiments, the phase-modifying mask may be applied over the entire base lens or may be applied to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

[0119] Light modulation unit

[0120] In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses and / or methods described herein can be used in a person's eye to direct light to multiple planes for all or most of the gaze directions of the eye by utilizing a combination of a base lens and a plurality of light modulators. The light modulators may exist across the entire lens or in one or more regions (regions or areas) of the lens (referred to as light modulators or treatment areas). In some embodiments, the central area of ​​the ophthalmic lens may be free of light modulators to achieve clear vision, such as distance vision. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include a base lens having one or more focal powers, and a plurality of light modulators across the entire lens or in one or more light modulators in the light modulator area. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include a base lens having one or more focal powers, a plurality of light modulators, and an envelope area surrounding the light modulators. In some other embodiments, the ophthalmic lens may include a base lens having one or more focal powers; one or more concentric rings or annular areas or at least a portion of the rings or annular areas having one or more focal powers and a plurality of light modulators. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens may include a base lens having a phase modifying mask and a plurality of light modulating cells in one or more light modulating regions.

[0121] In some embodiments, a plurality of light modulators may be placed regularly or irregularly on the base lens and may be separated from each other, or may be adjacent to or overlapped or stacked. One or more light modulators may be positioned or clustered on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens, either individually or in clusters in an array or arrangement, or in an aggregate, stack, cluster or other suitable cluster arrangement (also referred to as a geometric arrangement). The individual light modulators or arrangements, aggregates, arrays, clusters of stacks (including, for example, associated, adjacent units and / or units that interact with each other or otherwise depend on each other) may be positioned on the base lens in the following shapes: square, hexagon, circle, diamond, concentric, non-concentric, spiral, incomplete loop, rotationally symmetric, rotationally asymmetric or any other suitable arrangement (e.g., a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, hexagon or any other suitable arrangement or any non-repeating or random arrangement), and may be centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens, or may not be centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens. In some embodiments, the geometric center of a single light modulator may be aligned with the geometric center of the light modulator array. In some embodiments, the geometric center of a single light modulator may not be aligned with the geometric center of the light modulator array. In some embodiments, the geometric center of a single light modulator or the geometric center of the light modulator array is offset from the center of the base lens. In some embodiments, the geometric center of the light modulator array may be aligned with the optical or geometric center of the base lens, but a single light modulator may be offset from the geometric center of the array.

[0122] In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more light modulating units in the central optical zone can be between about 20 microns and about 400 microns (e.g., between about 20-60 microns, 40-80 microns, 60-100 microns, 80-120 microns, 100-140 microns, 120-160 microns, 140-180 microns, 160-200 microns, 180-220 microns, 200-240 microns, 220-260 microns, 240-280 microns, 260-300 microns, 280-320 microns, 300-340 microns, 320-360 microns, 340-380 microns, 360-400 microns, 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns). In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more light modulating units in the mid-peripheral optical zone can be between about 20 microns and about 1.5 mm (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900 microns-1 mm, 1-1.1 mm, 1.1-1.2 mm, 1.2-1.3 mm, 1.3-1.4 mm, 1.4-1.5 mm, 1-1.5 mm, 500 microns-1 mm, 100-500 microns). In some embodiments, the diameter of the light modulating elements in the peripheral optical zone can be between about 20 microns and about 3 mm (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900 microns-1 mm, 1-1.1 mm, 1.1-1.2 mm, 1.2-1.3 mm). In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the longest (x) meridian or axis to the shortest meridian or axis (y) of the light modulation unit can be about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9, and about 2.0. In some embodiments, the diameters of multiple light modulation units in a particular optical zone can be the same or substantially the same.In some embodiments, the diameter of the plurality of light modulating units in a particular optical zone may vary between the above ranges. In some embodiments, the sagittal depth of the light modulating lens may vary from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, from about 20 nm to about 50 μm, from about 20 nm to about 40 μm, from about 20 nm to about 30 μm, from about 20 nm to about 20 μm, from about 20 nm to about 10 μm, from about 20 nm to about 50 μm, from about 20 nm to about 40 μm, from about 20 nm to about 30 μm, from about 20 nm to about 20 μm, from about 20 nm to about 10 μm. In some embodiments, the sagittal difference of the light modulation unit relative to the base lens, that is, the height difference with the extension or depression on the base lens can be about +20nm to about +50μm, +20nm to about +40μm, +20nm to about +30μm, +20nm to about +20μm, +20nm to about +10μm, +20nm to about +5μm, -20nm to about -50μm, -20nm to about -40μm, -20nm to about -30μm, -20nm to about -20μm, -20nm to about -10μm, -20nm to about -5μm.

[0123] Figure 3Examples of some possible power distributions of exemplary refractive light modulation units (including, for example, multifocal light modulation units) are shown. The light modulation unit may include two zones (e.g., Z1 and Z2) as shown in Example 3a or may include an annular zone (e.g., a central zone Z4 surrounded by annular zones Z3 and Z5) as shown in 3b or may be a toric or astigmatic light modulation unit (e.g., Z6 refers to the horizontal meridian and Z7 refers to the vertical meridian) as shown in Example 3c. Other suitable arrangements are also possible (e.g., light modulation units with a single zone or more than three zones). As shown, the power distribution may be substantially uniform across the light modulation unit or may vary across the light modulation unit. In some embodiments of toric / astigmatic light modulation units, the meridian axis may be vertically / horizontally or obliquely oriented. In some embodiments of toric / astigmatic light modulation units, the power along the sagittal and tangential meridians may be non-uniform. In some embodiments, the light modulation unit may be substantially positive power, may be substantially negative power, and / or may be a combination of positive power and negative power. In some embodiments, a substantially positive power light modulator may have a uniform power to direct light to a single focus or may have a variable power (multi-focal) to direct light to focus at multiple planes. In some embodiments, a substantially negative power light modulator may have a uniform (e.g., substantially uniform) power to direct light to a single focus or may have a variable power (multi-focal) to direct light to focus at multiple planes. In some embodiments, the light modulator may be arranged so that one or the longest meridian of multiple principal meridians or axes of the light modulator may be aligned parallel to each other, or may be aligned radially, or may be aligned circumferentially, or in any suitable geometric arrangement, such as (for example) a triangular arrangement or a square or rectangular or hexagonal arrangement. In some embodiments, the light modulator may have a combination of one or more higher order aberrations (e.g., spherical aberration, coma, trefoil, quatrefoil, etc.) to cause extended depth of focus. In some embodiments, the extended depth of focus of the light modulator may introduce at least two primary aberrations and at least two secondary aberrations. In some embodiments, the image quality of the extended focus can be about 0.4 or higher (e.g., 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, etc.), or can be less than the image quality difference of two focal points defocused by 0.50D.

[0124] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 Some possible surface profiles of the light modulation cells 3a and 3b are shown in FIG.

[0125] In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulating elements on a base lens can vary from about -3D to about +3D in a central optical zone (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D). In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulating elements on an ophthalmic lens can vary from about -3D to +5D in a mid-peripheral optical zone (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D). In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulating elements on a base lens can vary from about -3D to about +5D in the peripheral optical zone (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D). In some embodiments, the power of one of the more multifocal light modulating elements can include more than one power ranging from about -3D to about +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, 0.00, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D).

[0126] In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulating elements on the base lens can range from about -3D to about +3D in the central optical zone (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D). In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulating elements on the base lens can range from about -3D to +5D in the mid-peripheral optical zone (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D). In some embodiments, the power of one or more light modulating elements on the base lens can be in the range from about -3D to about +5D in the peripheral optical zone (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D). In some embodiments, the power of one of the more multifocal light modulating elements can include more than one power ranging from about -3D to about +5D (e.g., about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, 0.00, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D).

[0127] In some embodiments, the light modulation unit may include a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a kinoform, or a binary phase mask, or a phase-modifying surface, such as a metasurface or a nanostructure. Figure 5 Some examples of light modulation units in which the light phase has been modulated are shown. Considering, for example, a light modulation unit, the outer region (5d) of the light modulation unit represents a region in which the light phase has been modulated by a value such as pi / 2, pi, 3.pi / 2, or between 0 and pi / 2, between pi / 2 and pi, between pi and 3.pi / 2, or between 3.pi / 2 and 2.pi; the inner white circle (5e) represents a second region of the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first region; the middle gray circle (5f) represents a third region of the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first region or the second region.

[0128] In some embodiments, depending on the orientation on the substrate lens, and the combination of other features including one or more of filters, phase modification masks, etc., the light modulating unit incorporating refractive power can selectively transmit incident light that can be in the following range: from about 100% to about 30%, from about 100% to about 40%, from about 100% to about 50%, from about 100% to about 60%, from about 100% to about 70%, from about 100% to about 80%, from about 100% to about 90%, from about 90% to about 50%, to greater than about 50%, greater than about 60%, greater than about 70%, greater than about 80%, greater than about 90%. In some embodiments, the light transmissive area of ​​the light modulating unit can be the entire light modulating unit, or a selected portion or area of ​​the light modulating unit.

[0129] In some embodiments, the herein described and Figure 6 The light modulating cells shown may be distributed across all zones of the base lens described herein, or may be distributed across one or more zones (light modulating zones or treatment zones) of the base lens. In some embodiments, the light modulating cells may be distributed across only the central zone (6a), only the intermediate-peripheral zone (6b), only the peripheral zone (6c), only the central and intermediate-peripheral zones (6e), only the intermediate-peripheral and peripheral zones (6f), or only the central and peripheral zones (6g). In some embodiments, the light modulating cells may be distributed across all of one or more zones, or may be limited to quadrants or regions of one (or more) zones (e.g., as shown in FIG. 6A ). Figure 6 d and 6h) or may be asymmetrically distributed (6i). The size, density per square mm and packing arrangement of the light modulating cells may be uniform across the zone or vary across the zone. Figure 6 j shows an example in which the density of light modulation cells is greater in the peripheral region compared to the middle-peripheral region. Figure 6 k shows an example where the light modulation cells are arranged in concentric zones, but the geometric centers (CR1 and CR2) of the rings (R1 and R2) are not aligned with each other or with the geometric center (G1) of the base lens. Figure 6 1 shows an example in which the light modulation units are arranged in a spiral arrangement in which the last light modulation units of the first circle are not aligned with the first modulation units of the first loop. In other embodiments, the light modulation units may be arranged in a spiral arrangement having multiple loops in which the last modulation unit of the first circle may not be aligned with the first unit of the first loop, the first unit of the second loop, the first unit of the third loop, etc.

[0130] In some embodiments, the light modulators distributed across all surface portions of the base lens or across one or more zones of the base lens can be refractive and can: include only light modulators with substantially negative power, include only light modulators with substantially positive power, include only light modulators with substantially negative power having one or more powers, include only light modulators with substantially positive power having one or more powers, include only substantially multifocal light modulators, include a combination of light modulators with substantially negative power having one or more powers and multifocal light modulators, include a combination of light modulators with substantially positive power having one or more powers and multifocal light modulators, include a combination of light modulators with substantially positive power having one or more powers and light modulators with substantially negative power having one or more powers, or include a combination of light modulators with substantially positive power, light modulators with negative power, and multifocal light modulators.

[0131] In some embodiments, for each of one or more zones of the base lens, the distribution of light modulation units having substantially negative power with one or more focal powers and light modulation units having substantially positive power with one or more focal powers (e.g., the ratio of the number of negative power light modulation units to the number of positive power light modulation units) can be approximately 100 / 0, 95 / 5; 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100. In some embodiments, the distribution of substantially negative power light modulators and multifocal light modulators across one or more zones of the base lens (e.g., the ratio of the number of negative power light modulators to multifocal light modulators) can be approximately 100 / 0, 95 / 5; 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100. In some embodiments, the distribution of substantially positive power and multifocal light modulating units across one or more zones of the base lens (e.g., the ratio of the number of positive power light modulating units to the number of multifocal light modulating units) can be about 95 / 5; 90 / 10, 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, 0 / 100. In some embodiments, the distribution of substantially positive power, substantially negative power, and multifocal light modulating units across one or more zones of the base lens (e.g., the ratio of the number of positive power light modulating units to negative power and multifocal light modulating units) can vary in equal proportion or can vary in different proportions. In some embodiments, the distribution of substantially positive-power light modulators, substantially negative-power light modulators, multifocal light modulators, and light modulators with phase-modifying masks across one or more zones of a base lens (e.g., the ratio of the number of positive-power light modulators to negative-power light modulators to multifocal light modulators) can vary proportionally or unequally.

[0132] In some embodiments, the distribution of negative power light modulators across one or more zones of the base lens may be limited to quadrants, zones, regions, randomly scattered; arranged in clusters, stacks, aggregates, arrays of 2 or more light modulators; or regularly arranged on the base lens. In some embodiments, the distribution of positive power light modulators across one or more zones of the base lens may be limited to quadrants, zones, regions, randomly scattered; arranged in clusters, stacks, aggregates, arrays of 2 or more light modulators; or regularly arranged on the base lens. In some embodiments, the distribution of multifocal light modulators across one or more zones of the base lens may be limited to quadrants, zones, regions, randomly scattered; arranged in clusters of 2 or more light modulators; or regularly arranged on the ophthalmic lens.

[0133] Geometric fill ratio / defocused light distribution:

[0134] In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens may be characterized as having a filling ratio. The filling ratio (or filling factor ratio) may be defined as the ratio of the area occupied by the light modulating unit to the total area of ​​the area of ​​the base lens dedicated to the light modulating unit. This area is also referred to as the light modulating unit area (e.g., excluding any specific central area / region without the light modulating unit). In some embodiments, the lens designer and / or clinician may use the light modulating unit geometric distribution or filling ratio as a guide to the clinical performance (including myopia control efficacy, visual acuity and / or wearability) of the ophthalmic lens. For example, an ophthalmic lens that combines a base lens with a focal power and a positive-power light modulating unit in a peripheral annular optical zone with a geometric filling factor of 25% may lead the clinician to conclude that 25% of the light passing through the peripheral zone is focused in front of the retinal plane to slow axial eye growth, while 75% of the light passing through the peripheral portion of the lens can be focused at the retinal plane to provide refractive error correction and good visual acuity. In this case, if myopia progresses faster than expected, the clinician may consider increasing the geometric filling factor of the positive-power light modulating unit to about 35%. However, the through focus light distribution (TFLD) of incident light passing through the peripheral region of an ophthalmic lens and entering the eye may not match the TFLD represented by the geometric fill factor. Figure 7 is a table providing geometric fill factors and corresponding TFLDs in the eye for a range of embodiments. As can be seen from the table, when incident light is directed through an ophthalmic lens 1 ( Figure 7), while a positively powered light modulating element is expected to cause light to be directed to a plane at a myopic defocus (i.e., relatively anterior to the retinal plane or image plane corresponding to the power of the base lens), interactions that may result from geometrical properties of the base lens and light modulating element (including, for example, the spacing between elements, the diameter or size of the elements, the sagittal depth, the curvature or surface profile of the elements, the power or focal length of the elements, and / or other light modulating effects of the arrangement) may cause light emitted from the arrangement to be directed to multiple planes, for example, at the retinal or image plane and in one or both of a myopic (in front of the retinal or image plane) and a hyperopic defocus (relatively posterior to the image plane). Figure 7 In lens 1, the resultant light distribution in the peripheral zone has about 23.8% in myopic defocus (in front of the image plane), while a larger amount of light, 34.7%, is in hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane). Figure 8 , in which light emitted from the arrangement of light modulation zones on the ophthalmic lens is visibly directed to the retinal image plane (C) (or, in the case of only the lens, to the image plane corresponding to the focal power of the base lens), as well as multiple planes (A and A') at myopic defocus and multiple planes (B and B') at hyperopic defocus.

[0135] Some embodiments described herein may provide a method for a TFLD extending across one or more image planes, the method comprising an ophthalmic lens; the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens, and one or more light modulation zones having a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein light passing through the light modulation zones adjustable to provide a TFLD is directed to one or more image planes, a greater proportion of the light is in myopic defocus relative to the image plane, a greater proportion of the light is in hyperopic defocus relative to the image plane, an equal proportion of the light is in myopic and hyperopic defocus, all the light is directed in front of the image plane, all the light is directed behind the image plane, etc. Some embodiments may provide a method, wherein the surface geometric properties of the ophthalmic lens include a geometric fill factor of the light modulation cells. Some embodiments described herein are directed to an ophthalmic lens having: a base lens having a base power that directs light to a first image plane, one or more light modulation zones having a plurality of light modulation cells, wherein a portion of the base power adjacent to the light modulation cells (but not below them) interacts to direct light to an image plane that is not on the first image plane. In some embodiments, the image plane not on the first image plane is similar to the direction of the light guided by the light modulation unit, and in other embodiments, it is opposite to the direction of the light guided by the light modulation unit.

[0136] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD for light passing through the light modulation zone, wherein the ratio of light distributed at myopic defocus to light distributed at hyperopic defocus can be about <1.0, about <0.9, about <0.8, about <0.7, about <0.6, about <0.5, about <0.4, about <0.3, about <0.2, about <0.1.

[0137] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD for light passing through the light modulation zone, wherein the ratio of light distributed at myopic defocus to light distributed at hyperopic defocus can be approximately >1.0, approximately >1.1, approximately >1.2, approximately >1.3, approximately >1.4, approximately >1.5, approximately >1.6, approximately >1.7, approximately >1.8, approximately >1.9.

[0138] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD without significant hyperopic defocus for light passing through the light modulation zone. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD without significant myopic defocus for light passing through the light modulation zone.

[0139] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD for light passing through the light modulation zone, wherein the proportion of light directed to an image plane that is in myopic defocus is about 15% to about 80%, 15% to about 75%, 15% to about 70%, 15% to 60%, about 20% to 50%, about 25% to 50%, about 30% to about 50%, about 35% to about 50%, about 25% to 30%, about 30% to 40%, preferably >25%, preferably >30% and preferably >35%.

[0140] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD for light passing through the light modulation zone, wherein the proportion of light directed to an image plane at a hyperopic defocus is about 15% to about 80%, 15% to about 75%, 15% to about 70%, 15% to 60%, about 20% to 50%, about 25% to 50%, about 30% to about 50%, about 35% to about 50%, about 25% to 30%, about 30% to 40%, preferably >25%, preferably >30% and preferably >35%.

[0141] In some embodiments, it may be desirable to have an ophthalmic lens having a light modulation zone in combination with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD for light passing through the light modulation zone, wherein the difference in the proportion of light directed to an image plane for myopic defocus and the proportion of light directed to an image plane for hyperopic defocus is about 20-80%, about 20%-75%, about 20%-70%, about 20% to 65%, about 20% to 60%, about 20% to 55%, about 20% to 50%, about 20% to 45%, about 20% to 40% of the total TFLD.

[0142] Fig. 9 Shown is a cross section of an ophthalmic lens ( Figure 7 Sagittal and tangential power distributions of a lens 1) having a base lens of plano power with a clear central zone. There are multiple light modulators of positive power (+3.50D) in the peripheral zone, wherein the geometric fill ratio in the peripheral zone is 58%. Due to the interaction of the geometric properties of the base lens and the light modulators (including the geometric fill ratio), the synthetic power map shows that both positive power zones and negative power zones are created on the lens. From the cumulative light distribution, the through-focus light distribution shows that for light passing through the peripheral zone, 23.8% of the light is in front of the image plane or in myopic defocus, while 34.7% of the light is behind the image plane or in hyperopic defocus and the remaining 41.5% is at the image plane. In addition, it is observed that there is a peak amplitude of myopic defocus, which is approximately 3.5D, and the peak amplitude of myopic defocus is larger than that of hyperopic defocus. The light modulators have a diameter of 1 mm and are spaced 1.5 mm apart.

[0143] Thus, in some embodiments, to achieve a desired TFLD, the geometric fill ratio of the light modulation unit relative to the total surface area of ​​the light modulation zone on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulation unit to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens) can be about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, or about 85%. %, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%. In some embodiments, the light modulating zone can be present only in the central region of the lens, only in the mid-peripheral annular region, only in the peripheral annular region, in both the mid-peripheral and peripheral regions, can be present across the entire lens surface area, can be limited to certain quadrants (e.g., one or more of the nasal, temporal, inferior and / or superior quadrants), can be limited to certain segments or can be limited to certain regions.

[0144] In some embodiments, to achieve a desired TFLD, the spacing between cells (i.e., the spacing between light modulating cells) can be greater than, equal to, less than the diameter of the light modulating cell or variable across the spacing. In some embodiments, the spacing between cells can include masks, opaque areas, or other devices that reduce transmission. In some embodiments, to achieve a desired TFLD, light modulating cells in a particular array or arrangement or cluster or stack or aggregate can be positioned so that the spacing between cells can be constant between all cells, can be variable between all cells, constant for some cells and variable for some cells.

[0145] Fig.10An embodiment of an ophthalmic lens is shown in which the geometric fill factor of the light modulation unit area is such that about 50% of the light is directed to the retinal image plane, about 25% of the light is directed to a plane in front of the retinal image plane (myopic defocus), and about 25% of the light is directed by the light modulation unit to a plane behind the retinal image plane (hyperopic defocus). Considering the TFLD, it is observed that there is an amplitude peak of light at image plane C, an amplitude peak of light at myopic defocus (in front of the image plane) at A, and similarly, there is an amplitude peak of light at hyperopic defocus (behind the image plane) at B. In addition, light is also directed to multiple focal planes falling on a range of diopters A' between C and A and multiple focal planes falling on a range of diopters B' between C and B.

[0146] In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens including a light modulation unit has a geometric fill factor in the light modulation area, which is designed so that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane at A is significantly greater than, slightly greater than, substantially similar to, slightly smaller than, or significantly smaller than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane at B.

[0147] In some embodiments, the distance A of the peak amplitude of light directed in front of the image plane can be positioned significantly closer to the image plane than the distance B of the peak amplitude of light directed behind the image plane.

[0148] In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens including a light modulation unit has a geometric fill factor in the light modulation zone designed such that the synthetic TFLD has an amplitude peak for light at myopic defocus A (in front of the image plane), and in addition, light can be directed to a series of planes (A') between A and image plane C, wherein the amplitude of the light at one or more image planes of A' is significantly less than or slightly less than the amplitude at A. Similarly, in some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens including a light modulation unit in the light modulation zone has a geometric fill factor designed such that the TFLD has an amplitude peak for light at hyperopic defocus B (behind the retina), and in addition, light can be directed to a series of planes (B') between B and C, wherein the amplitude at one or more image planes at B' is significantly less than or slightly less than the amplitude at B. In some embodiments, light is directed to provide peak amplitudes of defocus at A and B, and in addition, to bands of multiple focal planes, thereby providing myopic defocus only at A' and no focal plane at B' ( Fig.11In some embodiments, the defocus amplitude in the TFLD at A' or B' can be in discrete steps, such as every 0.05D or greater, or every 0.125D or greater, or every 0.25D or greater at A', forming a band of multiple focal planes, while at B' there is only a band of multiple focal planes for a portion ( Fig.12 In some embodiments, the defocus amplitude in the TFLD at A' or B' or both can at least partially form a discontinuous distribution of defocus separated by at least about 0.05D or greater, about 0.125D or greater, about 0.25D or greater, about 0.37D or greater, about 0.50D or greater ( Fig.13 A' in.

[0149] In some embodiments, the TFLD can at least partially create a non-periodic and non-monotonic amplitude of myopic defocus light, hyperopic defocus light, or both.

[0150] In some embodiments, the light amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light at A' or B' can be at least about 20% of the TFLD, can be about 25%, can be about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 10% to 30%, or about 10% to 20%. In some embodiments, the peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front or in myopic defocus) can be about 50% of all light directed in front of the retinal plane, can be significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50%. In some embodiments, the peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retinal plane (or behind or in hyperopic defocus) can be about 50% of the light directed behind the retinal plane, can be significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50%.

[0151] In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD in front of the retinal plane (or in front or in myopic defocus) and within 1.00D of the retinal plane can be about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30%, or about <50% of the total light in front of the retinal plane. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD behind the retinal plane (or behind or in hyperopic defocus) and within 1.00D of the retinal plane can be about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30%, or about <50% of the total light behind the retina. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD can be such that the amplitude at B and B' can be approximately zero amplitude when within 1.00D or within 1.50D of the retinal image plane, while the amplitude at A and A' can be greater than zero when within 1.00D or within 1.50D of the retinal image plane. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD can be such that the amplitude at A and A' is approximately zero amplitude when within 1.00D or within 1.50D of the retinal image plane, while the amplitude at B and B' can be greater than zero when within 1.00D or within 1.50D of the retinal image plane.

[0152] In some embodiments, the amplitude of the TFLD at a particular focus can be modified by the arrangement of the light modulator on the substrate lens. In some embodiments, two or more light modulators can be arranged in a dependent manner to modify the amplitude of the TFLD at a given focus or focal plane. For example, Fig.14a In the embodiment, two light modulation units are arranged in a dependent manner so that they share a common focus and thus provide a certain focus amplitude. The sum of the light intensities at the common focus (focus 1 and 2) is greater than the light intensities at the individual focus 1 or the individual focus 2. When one of the light modulation units in the pair is modified or covered ( Fig.14b), the amplitude or light intensity at the common focus is reduced. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens in combination with a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD for light that is directed to an image plane that is both myopic and hyperopic defocus, wherein the geometric filling factor does not include a refractive element with a negative focal power. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens in combination with a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD for light that is directed to an image plane that is both myopic and hyperopic defocus, wherein the geometric filling factor does not include a refractive element with a positive focal power. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens in combination with a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD for light that is directed to an image plane that is both myopic and hyperopic defocus, wherein the geometric filling factor does not include a refractive element with a positive focal power. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens in combination with a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD for light that is directed to an image plane that is both myopic and hyperopic defocus, wherein the geometric filling factor does not include a light modulation element with substantially positive focal power or negative focal power, or includes only a refractive light modulation element with a positive focal power, includes only a refractive light modulation element with a negative focal power, or includes both a refractive light modulation element with a positive focal power and a negative focal power, or includes only a light modulation element with substantially zero focal power, or includes only a diffractive element, or includes a light modulation element with a phase shift mask. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD for light that is directed to an image plane that is only substantially in myopic defocus, only substantially in hyperopic defocus, or in both myopic and hyperopic defocus, wherein the geometric fill factor includes a light modulation unit having zero refractive power. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD wherein the image contrast at the retinal plane is reduced by about (approximately) 10% or more, about (approximately) 20% or more, about (approximately) 30% or more. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD wherein the light modulation unit can cause diffuse blur (the difference between low contrast VA and high contrast VA) when viewed through the portion of the lens that includes the light modulation unit. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens incorporating a light modulation unit for myopia control can provide a TFLD wherein the diffuse blur of the lens can be about 0.07 logMAR or greater, about 0.10 logMAR or greater, about 0.15 logMAR or greater, about 0.20 logMAR or greater, or about 0.25 logMAR or greater.

[0153] Although the examples and descriptions are generally limited to ophthalmic lenses for myopia control, manipulation of optical defocus can be readily applied to produce a desired TFPD for any other vision correction application or vision assistance application, or to improve vision and vision quality, generally including improving presbyopia, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, visual fatigue, night vision, etc.

[0154] Exemplary Ophthalmic Lenses

[0155] Fig.15 is detailed Figure 16-30 A table of the distribution of exemplary refractive light modulation cells, the focal length of the light modulation cells, the percentage distribution of the light modulation cells, the area of ​​the zone dedicated to the light modulation cells, and the total fill ratio of the light modulation cells described in (Examples 1-13).

[0156] Fig.16 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.16 Provided Figure 2 A power diagram of a central zone and a middle-peripheral zone of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) of the present invention, the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens or a carrier lens and a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulating units (light modulating unit zones) are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulating unit is circular in shape and has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulating units has an optical power of +1.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the synthetic power is -0.50 D). Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of -0.50D (when combined with the base lens, the resultant power is -2.50D). Light passing through the +1.50D light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base lens power, and light passing through the -0.50D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +2.50D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.16 The lens design shown enables light to be directed to at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, the small groups of light modulating elements are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the first small group of light modulating elements to the second small group of light modulating elements is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0157] Fig.17 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.17 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of a central zone and a middle-peripheral zone of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) of FIG. 1 , the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens or a carrier lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators (light modulator zones) are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has an optical power of +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the synthetic power is 0.00 D). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of -0.50D (when combined with the base lens, the resultant power is -2.50D). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of about 1.2 mm. Light passing through the light modulation unit with a power of +2.00D is focused further in front of light passing through the base power of -2.00D, and light passing through the light modulation unit with a power of -0.50D is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +2.00D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.17 The lens design shown enables light to be directed to at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, the small groups of light modulating elements are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the first small group of light modulating elements to the second small group of light modulating elements is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0158] Fig.18 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.18 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of a central zone and a middle-peripheral zone of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) of FIG. 1 , the ophthalmic lens comprising a base lens or a carrier lens and a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. A plurality of light modulating units (light modulating unit zones) are dispersed throughout the central optical zone 2c. As shown, the light modulating units are circular in shape. Optically, a plurality of light modulating units in the central optical zone have an optical power of +1.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -0.50 D). A plurality of light modulating units have a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulation units (light modulation unit area) are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulation units are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of a plurality of light modulation units in the middle-peripheral optical zone has an optical power of approximately +2.00D (when combined with a base lens, the power is 0.00D). A first group of a plurality of light modulation units in the middle-peripheral zone has a diameter of approximately 0.8mm. Optically, a second group of a plurality of light modulation units in the middle-peripheral optical zone has an optical power of approximately -0.50D (when combined with a base lens, the power is -2.50D) and a diameter of approximately 1.2mm. Light passing through the light modulation units with a power of +2.00D in the middle-peripheral zone and the light modulation units with a power of +1.50D in the central zone is focused more forward than light passing through the -2.00D base power. Light passing through the -0.50D light modulation cell in the mid-peripheral region is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power and light directed through the +2.00D and +1.50D light modulation cells. Fig.18 The lens design shown enables light to be directed to at least four different image planes. As further illustrated, the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. In the intermediate-peripheral optical zone 2d, the distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein.

[0159] Fig.19 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.19 supply Figure 21. A power diagram of a central zone and a mid-peripheral zone of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) of FIG. 1, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a base lens or a carrier lens and a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct a distance ametropia of -2.00 D myopia. As shown, the light modulating units are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulating units in the central optical zone has an optical power of about +1.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -0.50 D) and a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Optically, a second group of the plurality of light modulating units in the central optical zone has an optical power of about -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D) and a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of about -2.00D. A plurality of light modulators are scattered throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of a plurality of light modulators in the middle-peripheral optical zone has an optical power of about +1.50D (when combined with a base lens, the power is -0.50D) and a diameter of about 0.8mm. Optically, a second group of a plurality of light modulators in the middle-peripheral optical zone has an optical power of about -0.50D (when combined with a base lens, the power is -2.50D) and a diameter of about 0.8mm. Light passing through the +1.50D light modulator in both the central and middle-peripheral optical zones is focused more forward than light passing through the -2.00D base power and light passing through the -0.50D power light modulator. Similarly, light rays passing through the -0.50D power light modulation cells in both the central and mid-peripheral optical zones are focused more posteriorly than light rays directed through the base optical power and +1.50D light modulation cells. Fig.19 The lens design shown enables light to be directed to at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. In the central optical zone and the intermediate-peripheral optical zone, the distribution ratio of the number of the first group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein.

[0160] Fig. 20 Part (a) shows the power diagram of a -2.00D myopia lens with a positive light modulation unit (the power of the light modulation unit is +0.50D; combined with the base lens, the power of the lens is -1.50D). Fig. 20 Part (b) shows that when the Fig. 20 Part (a) shows a power diagram of an ophthalmic lens that simulates the geometric circle of confusion when correcting -2.00D myopia at a wavelength of 555nm. Fig. 20 In part (b) of the diagram, it can be seen that the light is well focused, i.e. the geometrical blur circle is comparable to the Airy disk, indicating good visual performance. If the retinal plane of the same eye is now moved forward by 0.2 mm (which corresponds to a change in refractive error of 0.50 D), the geometrical blur circle increases, whereas the light passing through the positive light modulation unit is now in focus - as shown in Figure 1. Fig. 20 This can be seen in part (c) of .

[0161] Fig.21 Part (a) shows the focal power diagram of a -2.00D myopia lens with a negative light modulation unit (the focal power of the light modulation unit is -0.50D). Fig.21 Part (b) shows that when the Fig.21 Part (a) shows a power diagram of an ophthalmic lens that simulates the geometric circle of confusion when correcting -2.00D myopia at a wavelength of 555nm. Fig.21 In part (b) of the diagram, it can be seen that the light is well focused, i.e. the geometrical blur circle is comparable to the Airy disk, again indicating good visual performance. If the retinal plane of the same eye is now moved 0.2 mm backwards (which corresponds to a change in refractive error of 0.50 D), the geometrical blur circle increases, whereas the light passing through the negative light modulation unit is now in focus - as shown in Figure 1. Fig.21 This can be seen in part (c) of .

[0162] Fig. 22 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig. 22 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulators have an optical power of about -0.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50 D). The light modulators have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. The light passing through the light modulation unit with a power of -0.50D is focused further back than the light directed through the optical power of the substrate. Fig. 22 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least two different image planes.The peripheral optical zone beyond the meso-peripheral zone may be uniform in power or may be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0163] Fig.23 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.23 Provided Figure 2 A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00 D to correct a distance ametropia of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of approximately -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulators have an optical power of -3.50 D (a power of -5.50 D when combined with the base lens). The light modulators have a diameter of approximately 0.8 mm. The light passing through the light modulation unit with a power of -3.50D is focused further back than the light directed through the base power. Fig.23 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least two different image planes.The peripheral optical zone beyond the meso-peripheral zone may be uniform in power or may be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0164] Fig.24is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.24 Provided Figure 2 A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00 D). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of about -0.50D (-2.50D when combined with the base lens). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of about 0.8mm. Light passing through the +2.00D power light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base power, and light passing through the -0.50D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +2.00D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.24 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, the light modulating elements are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first subgroup of light modulating elements to the second subgroup of light modulating elements is about 90 / 10. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0165] Fig.25 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.25 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct a distance ametropia of -2.00 D myopia. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has an optical power of about +3.50 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is +1.50 D). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 1.1 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of about -0.50D (-2.50D when combined with the base lens). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of about 0.5mm. Light passing through the +3.50D light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base power, and light passing through the -0.50D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +3.50D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.25 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 90 / 10. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0166] Fig.26 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.26 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators in the middle-peripheral zone has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00 D). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second group of the plurality of light modulators in the mid-peripheral optical zone has an optical power of approximately -0.50D (-2.50D when combined with the base lens). The second group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of approximately 0.8mm. Surrounding the mid-peripheral optical zone 2d is a peripheral optical zone 2e having a diameter of approximately 50mm. The peripheral optical zone also has a base optical power of approximately -2.00D. The plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the mid-peripheral optical zone 2e. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has an optical power of approximately +3.50D (+1.50D when combined with the base lens). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of approximately 3mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of approximately -1.00D, resulting in a power of approximately -1.00D that is relatively more negative than the base power (when combined with the base lens, the power is -3.00D). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of approximately 2 mm. Light rays passing through the +2.00D light modulation unit and the +3.50D light modulation unit are focused further in front of light rays passing through the -2.00D base power, and light rays passing through the -0.50D light modulation unit and the -1.00D light modulation unit are focused further back than light rays directed through the base optical power (as well as the +2.00D and +3.50D light modulation units). As a result, Fig.26 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least five different image planes. As further illustrated, the small groups of light modulating elements are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating elements to the second small group of light modulating elements in the mid-peripheral optical zone and the peripheral optical zone is about 90 / 10.

[0167] Fig. 27 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig. 27Provided Figure 2 A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has an optical power of about +2.00 D (when combined with the base lens, the power is 0.00 D). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of about -2.00D (-4.00D when combined with the base lens). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of about 0.2mm. Light passing through the +2.00D power light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base power, and light passing through the -2.00D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +2.00D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig. 27 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, all of the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 90 / 10. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0168] Fig.28 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.28 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has a positive power of about +2.00D (the power combined with the base power is plano). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 0.2 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a relatively more negative power of about -2.00D than the base power (combined with the base lens, the power is -4.00D). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of about 0.2mm. Light passing through the +2.00D light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base power, and light passing through the -2.00D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +2.00D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.28 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, all of the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0169] Fig.29 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.29 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a substrate lens and a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or on the substrate lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a substrate optical power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulating units are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulating units are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulating units has a positive power of about +2.00 D (combined with the substrate lens, the power is plano). Some of the first group of the plurality of light modulating units have a diameter of about 0.2 mm and some of the first group of the plurality of light modulating units have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a relatively more negative power of about -2.00D than the power of the base lens (combined with the base lens, the power is -4.00D). Some of the second group of the plurality of light modulation units have a diameter of about 0.2mm and some of the second group of the plurality of light modulation units have a diameter of about 0.8mm. Light passing through the +2.00D light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base lens power, and light passing through the -2.00D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base lens power (and the +2.00D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.29 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, all of the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0170] Fig.30 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia having concave and convex light modulating elements according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.30 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulators has a positive power of about +3.50 D (combined with the base lens, the power is +1.50 D). The first group of the plurality of light modulators has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a negative power of about -3.50D (combined with the base lens, the power is -5.50D). The second group of the plurality of light modulation units has a diameter of about 0.8mm. The light passing through the +3.50D light modulation unit is focused further in front of the light passing through the -2.00D base lens power, and the light passing through the -3.50D light modulation unit is focused further back than the light directed through the base lens power (and the +3.50D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.30 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, all of the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 10 / 90. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0171] Fig.31 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens with a multifocal light modulation unit for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.31 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of multifocal light modulation units incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00D to correct a distance refractive error of a -2.00D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base power of approximately -2.00D. The plurality of multifocal light modulation units are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulation units are circular in shape. The multifocal light modulation unit has a varying focal power, wherein a portion of the multifocal light modulation unit has a negative focal power of approximately -0.50D (combined with the base lens, the focal power is -2.50D) and a portion of the multifocal light modulation unit has a positive focal power of approximately +2.00D (combined with the base lens, the focal power is 0.00D). As a result, Fig.31 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, the light modulating elements are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. In some embodiments, the light modulating elements of the multifocal lens can be oriented in the same manner (e.g., Fig.31 As shown) and in some embodiments, the multifocal light modulation unit can be oriented in different directions (see, for example Fig.32 ) and in some embodiments, in addition to the multifocal light modulation unit, there may also be positive and / or negative power light modulation units (see e.g. Fig.33 ). In some embodiments, the multifocal light modulating elements on one portion of the lens may be a mirror image of the multifocal light modulating elements on the opposite portion of the lens. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone may be uniform in power, or may be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0172] Fig.34 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.34 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a substrate lens and a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or on the substrate lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a substrate power of about -2.00 D. A plurality of light modulating units are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulating units are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of a plurality of light modulating units in the lower half of the middle-peripheral zone on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens has a positive power of about +3.50 D (combined with the substrate lens, the power is +1.50 D). The first group of a plurality of light modulating units has a diameter of about 0.8 mm. Optically, a second small group of multiple light modulators in the upper half of the intermediate-peripheral zone on the back surface of the ophthalmic lens has a positive power of approximately +2.00D (combined with the base lens, the power is plano D) and a negative light modulator of approximately -0.50D (combined with the base lens, the power is -2.50D). The second small group of multiple light modulators varies in diameter, with approximately 0.8mm for the positive and plano light modulators and 0.5mm for the negative light modulators. Light passing through the +3.50D light modulator is focused further in front of light passing through the +2.00D light modulator and the -2.00D base lens power, and light passing through the -0.50D light modulator is focused further back than light directed through the base lens power (and the +3.50D and +2.00DD light modulators). As a result, Fig.34 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least four different image planes. As further illustrated, all of the small groups of light modulating cells are positioned in a repeating substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the number of the first small group of light modulating cells to the second small group of light modulating cells is about 50 / 50. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power, or can be interspersed with light modulating cells in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0173] Fig.35 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having both concave and convex light modulating elements on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. Fig.35As shown, a light modulation unit is positioned on the surface of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens 2). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) focal power of about -2.00D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The intermediate-peripheral optical zone also has a base focal power of about -2.00D. Multiple light modulation units are dispersed throughout the intermediate-peripheral optical zone 2d. In some embodiments, the concave light modulation unit 3b may have a relatively more negative focal power than the base lens focal power of the light modulation unit 3a. In some embodiments, the light modulation unit may be a multifocal light modulation unit (3c), wherein a portion of the light modulation unit is relatively more positive than the base lens focal power and other portions of the light modulation unit are relatively more negative than the base lens focal power. In some embodiments, the convex light modulation element 3d may have a relatively more positive power than the base lens power of the light modulation element 3a.

[0174] Fig.36 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having concave, multifocal, and convex light modulating elements embedded in a lens matrix of the ophthalmic lens according to some embodiments described herein. Fig.36 As shown, the light modulation unit is embedded in the lens matrix of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens 2). The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) focal power of about -2.00D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d with a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone also has a base focal power of about -2.00D. Multiple light modulation units are scattered throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. In some embodiments, the light modulation unit can be positioned between the ophthalmic lens 4a and the offset layer 4e. In some embodiments, the light modulation unit can be positioned between the ophthalmic lens and the coating. In some embodiments, the coating can be an anti-scratch coating, an anti-reflective coating, or a light wavelength absorbing coating. In some embodiments, the concave light modulation unit 4b can have a relatively more negative focal power than the base focal power of the lens 4a. In some embodiments, the light modulating cell may have a varying (multifocal) power (4c), wherein a portion of the light modulating cell is relatively more positive than the base lens power and other portions of the light modulating cell are relatively more negative than the base lens power. In some embodiments, the convex light modulating cell 4d may have a relatively more positive power than the base lens power of the lens 4a.

[0175] Fig.37is an enlarged schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having both concave and convex light modulating elements on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens to illustrate light directed through the ophthalmic lens to focus at multiple planes at the retina according to some embodiments described herein. Fig.37 As shown, the light modulation unit is positioned on the surface of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens), but can also be embedded in the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, light can pass through the lens in one or more (or all) of the following items: a portion 6a of the ophthalmic lens with a base focal length, a portion 6c of the ophthalmic lens with a concave light modulation unit, and a portion 6b of the ophthalmic lens with a convex light modulation unit. As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, light passing through different portions 6a, 6b, and 6c of the ophthalmic lens can be focused on corresponding image planes 7a, 7b, and 7c. The base focal length portion 6a of the ophthalmic lens can focus the light onto the image plane 7a. As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, the image plane 7b in front (in front) of the image plane 7a can correspond to light passing through the convex (relatively more positive than the base focal length) light modulation unit of the ophthalmic lens. As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, the image plane 7c behind (behind) the image plane 7a can correspond to light passing through the concave (relatively more negative than the base focal length) light modulation unit of the ophthalmic lens.

[0176] Fig.38 is an enlarged schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens [i.e., contact lens (8)] having both concave and convex light modulating elements on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens to illustrate light directed through the contact lens to focus at multiple planes at the retina according to some embodiments described herein. Fig.38 As shown, the light modulation unit is positioned on the surface of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a contact lens) but can also be embedded in the contact lens. In some embodiments, light can pass through the lens in one or more (or all) of the following items: a portion 8a of the ophthalmic lens with a base focal length, a portion 8c of the ophthalmic lens with a concave light modulation unit, and a portion 8b of the ophthalmic lens with a convex light modulation unit. As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, light passing through different portions 8a, 8b, and 8c of the ophthalmic lens can be focused on corresponding image planes 7a, 7b, and 7c. The base focal length portion 8a of the ophthalmic lens can focus light onto the image plane 7a. As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, the image plane 7b in front of (in front of) the image plane 7a can correspond to light passing through the convex (relatively more positive than the base focal length) light modulation unit of the contact lens. As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, the image plane 7c behind (behind) the image plane 7a can correspond to light passing through the concave (relatively more negative than the base focal length) light modulation unit of the contact lens.

[0177] Fig.39 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.39 Provided Figure 2 A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone has a base power of about -1.00 D. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulators have a positive power of about +1.00 D (combined with the base lens peripheral zone, the power is plano D). The plurality of light modulators have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. The light passing through the +1.00D light modulation unit is focused further in front of the light passing through the -1.00D mid-peripheral zone and the -2.00D base lens power. As a result, Fig.39 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power and can be similar in power to the intermediate-peripheral zone and can be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0178] Fig.40 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.40 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulators incorporated into or on the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of about 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of about -2.00 D to correct the distance refractive error of a -2.00 D myopic eye. Surrounding the central zone is a middle-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of about 20 mm. The middle-peripheral optical zone has a base power of about -2.00 D similar to that of the central zone. A plurality of light modulators are dispersed throughout the middle-peripheral optical zone 2d. As shown, the light modulators are circular in shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulators have a positive power of about +3.50 D (combined with the base lens, the power is +1.50 D). The plurality of light modulators have a diameter of about 0.8 mm. The light passing through the +3.50D optical modulation unit is focused further in front of the light passing through the -2.00D base lens power. The multiple optical modulation units are surrounded or enveloped by a region (envelope region) whose power is different from the power of the base power or the power of the optical modulation unit. Fig.40 In the example, the envelope is circular in shape and has a power of +2.00D (combined with the base lens, the power is plano). Fig.30 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone can be uniform in power and can be similar in power to the intermediate-peripheral zone and can be interspersed with light modulating elements in a manner substantially the same (or different) as described herein.

[0179] Fig.41 is a power diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.41 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or on a base lens with a base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00D to correct a distance ametropia of -2.00D myopia. Surrounding the central zone is an intermediate-peripheral optical zone 2d having a diameter of approximately 20 mm. The intermediate-peripheral optical zone has a base power of approximately -2.00D similar to that of the central zone. Multiple light modulating units are dispersed throughout the central and intermediate-peripheral optical zones 2d. As shown, the light modulating units are circular in shape. Optically, a first group of the plurality of light modulating units has an optical power of +1.50D (when combined with the base lens, the synthetic power is -0.50D). Optically, the second group of the plurality of light modulation units has an optical power of -0.50D (when combined with the base lens, the resultant power is -2.50D). Light passing through the +1.50D light modulation unit is focused further in front of light passing through the -2.00D base lens power, and light passing through the -0.50D light modulation unit is focused further back than light directed through the base optical power (and the +1.50D light modulation unit). As a result, Fig.41 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes. As further illustrated, small groups of light modulator cells are positioned in a repeating, substantially square arrangement. The distribution ratio of the first small group of light modulator cells to the second small group of light modulator cells is approximately 50 / 50. In addition, the intermediate-peripheral optical zone includes an annulus having a focal power of approximately +2.00D (combined with the base focal power: plano). Therefore, some of the light modulator cells may be surrounded by concentric zones or overlapped or connected to one side. The peripheral optical zone beyond the intermediate-peripheral zone may be uniform in focal power and may be similar in focal power to the intermediate-peripheral zone, and may be interspersed with light modulator cells in a manner substantially the same as (or different from) that described herein.

[0180] Fig.42 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulating unit incorporated thereon, and an eye corrected with the ophthalmic lens, according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses and / or methods described herein may utilize light modulating units whereby one or more of the focal lengths or optical powers of the light modulating units may be selected to place their corresponding focal plane(s) near to, about, or in the vicinity of the entrance pupil of the eye to deliver reduced contrast. Fig.42, a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens 321 and an eye 320 corrected with the ophthalmic lens is shown according to some embodiments described herein, the exemplary ophthalmic lens 321 having a base lens 322 and a light modulation unit 323 coupled to the lens. Fig.42 Light rays 324 are shown incident on and refracted by one light modulator element 325. The focal length of the light modulator element 325 is selected to place its focal plane 326 close to the entrance pupil 327 of the eye 320. The entrance pupil of the eye is the pupil of the eye (formed by the aperture opening of the iris) as seen by an observer looking into the eye. That is, it is the apparent pupil seen by the observer due to the optical components of the eye (e.g., cornea) in front of the iris / pupil.

[0181] Fig.43 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulating cell according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses and / or methods described herein can utilize light modulating cells, wherein cells of substantially positive or negative or zero power can have a power profile that varies and is non-monotonic across the light modulating cell. In some embodiments, the maximum value of the power profile can be more negative in refractive power than the base power ( Fig.43 (a) of the focal power distribution), or the minimum focal power distribution can be more positive than the base power ( Fig.43 (b) of the figure), or the average of the maximum and minimum values ​​may be approximately the same as the base power ( Fig.43 In some embodiments, the continuously varying power profile may vary in a periodic or aperiodic manner. The continuously varying power profile may be formed by a series of varying curvatures; or may be formed by combining one or more higher order aberrations; or a combination thereof.

[0182] Fig.44 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens having a base lens and a light modulating element according to some embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses and / or methods described herein may utilize a light modulating element, wherein the light modulating element may diffuse light in addition to directing light to one or more planes. The light modulating element may be refractive and formed by one or more higher order aberrations, or may be formed by light scattering features; or a combination of both.

[0183] Fig.45 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ophthalmic lens for myopia according to some embodiments described herein. As shown in the figure, Fig.45 Provided Figure 2A power diagram of an ophthalmic lens (e.g., a spectacle lens) comprising a base lens and a plurality of light modulating units incorporated into or onto the base lens. The central optical (e.g., pupil) zone 2c of the ophthalmic lens has a diameter of approximately 5.0 mm and has a uniform (or substantially uniform) power of approximately -2.00D to correct a distance refractive error of -2.00D myopia. The intermediate-peripheral optical zone 2d of the ophthalmic lens incorporates two rings with a power of approximately +1.00D (combined with the base power: -1.0D). The plurality of light modulating units are scattered throughout the rings. As shown, the light modulating units are circular in shape. Optically, the plurality of light modulating units have an optical power of +3.50D (when combined with the base lens, the synthetic power is +2.50D). As a result, Fig.45 The lens design shown focuses light onto at least three different image planes.

[0184] Further advantages of the claimed subject matter will become apparent from the following examples describing some embodiments of the claimed subject matter.In some embodiments, one or more than one (including, for example, all) of the following further embodiments may include each or part of the other embodiments.

[0185] Embodiment:

[0186] A1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens; and a plurality of multifocal light modulation units.

[0187] A2. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of multifocal light modulation units, wherein one or more of the plurality of multifocal light modulation units refracts light to at least two image planes different from the first image plane.

[0188] A3. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to guide light to a first image plane and a second image plane; and a plurality of multifocal light modulation units, wherein one or more of the plurality of multifocal light modulation units refracts light to at least two image planes different from the first image plane and the second image plane.

[0189] A4. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to guide light to a first image plane; a plurality of positive-power light modulation units having a focal power varying from 0.5D to 5D to refract light to one or more image planes located in front of the first image plane; and a plurality of negative-power light modulation units having a focal power varying from -0.5D to -5D to refract light to one or more image planes located behind the first image plane.

[0190] A5. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units refract light to one or more image planes different from the first image plane.

[0191] A6. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units refracts light into a second image plane different from the first image plane and / or one or more of the plurality of light modulation units refracts light into a third image plane different from the first image plane and the second image plane.

[0192] A7. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are configured to refract light into at least two (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) image planes different from the first image plane.

[0193] A8. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein at least one of the plurality of light modulation units is configured to refract light into at least two (e.g., 2, 3, or 4) image planes different from the first image plane.

[0194] A9. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments A6-A8, wherein at least one of the second image plane and the third image plane is located in front of the first image plane.

[0195] A10. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments A6-A9, wherein at least one of the second image plane and the third image plane is located behind the first image plane.

[0196] A11. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment A, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells have a diameter ranging from about 20 microns to about 3 mm.

[0197] A12. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units has a focal power that is relatively more correct (eg, the surface shape is convex) relative to the focal power of the substrate surface.

[0198] A13. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of light modulation units has a focal power that is relatively more negative (eg, the surface shape is concave) compared to surrounding surface portions.

[0199] A14. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment A, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are located in any combination of one or more of a central optical portion, a mid-peripheral optical zone, and a peripheral optical zone.

[0200] A15. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the filling ratio of the light modulation unit relative to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulation unit to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens) is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% (e.g., at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%).

[0201] A16. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment A, wherein the fill ratio of the light modulating unit relative to the surface area corresponding to any zone in the central optical zone, the mid-peripheral optical zone or the peripheral optical zone (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulating unit to the total surface area of ​​the relevant zone) is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% (e.g., at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%).

[0202] A17. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment A, wherein the diameter of the plurality of light modulating elements is between about 20 microns and about 3 mms (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900 microns-1 mm, 1-1.1 mm, 1.1-1.2 mm, 1.2 -1.3mm, 1.3-1.4mm, 1.4-1.5mm, 1.5-1.6mm, 1.6-1.7mm, 1.7-1.8mm, 1.8-1.9mm, 1.9-2mm, 2-2.1mm, 2.1-2 .2mm, 2.2-2.3mm, 2.3-2.4mm, 2.4-2.5mm, 2.5-2.6mm, 2.6-2.7mm, 2.7-2.8mm, 2.8-2.9mm, 2.9-3mm) changes.

[0203] A18. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments A, wherein the diameter of one or more light modulating elements in the central optical zone is between about 20 μm and about 1000 μm (e.g., between about 20-60 μm, 40-80 μm, 60-100 μm, 80-120 μm, 100-140 μm, 120-160 μm, 140-180 μm, 160-200 μm, 180-220 μm, 200-240 μm, 220-260 μm, 240-280 microns, 260-300 microns, 280-320 microns, 300-340 microns, 320-360 microns, 340-380 microns, 360-400 microns, 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900-1000 microns).

[0204] A19. The ophthalmic lens of any of Embodiment A, wherein the diameter of one or more light modulating elements in the mid-peripheral optical zone is between about 20 microns and about 2 mm (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800- 900 microns, 900 microns-1mm, 1-1.1mm, 1.1-1.2mm, 1.2-1.3mm, 1.3-1.4mm, 1.4-1.5mm, 1.5-1.6mm, 1.6-1.7mm, 1.7-1.8mm, 1.8-1.9mm, 1.9-2mm, 1-1.5mm, 1.5-2mm, 500 microns-1mm, between 100-500 microns).

[0205] A20. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments A, wherein the diameter of one or more light modulating elements in the peripheral optical zone is between about 20 microns and about 3 mms (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900 microns, 100-1100 microns, 100-1200 microns, 100-1300 microns, 100-1400 microns, 100-1500 microns, 100-1600 microns, 100-1700 microns, 100-1800 microns, 100-1900 microns, 100-1100 microns, 100-1200 microns, 100-1300 microns, 100-1500 microns mm, 1.2-1.3mm, 1.3-1.4mm, 1.4-1.5mm, 1.5-1.6mm, 1.6-1.7mm, 1.7-1.8mm, 1.8-1.9mm, 1.9-2mm, 2-2.1mm, 2 .1-2.2mm, 2.2-2.3mm, 2.3-2.4mm, 2.4-2.5mm, 2.5-2.6mm, 2.6-2.7mm, 2.7-2.8mm, 2.8-2.9mm, 2.9-3mm).

[0206] A21. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the diameters of the multiple light modulator units in a specific optical zone can vary between the above-mentioned ranges (for example, one or more first light modulator units among the multiple light modulator units have a first diameter and one or more second light modulator units among the multiple light modulator units have a second diameter).

[0207] A22. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment A, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are separated from each other (or adjacent to each other).

[0208] A23. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein one or more of the multiple light modulation units (e.g., one or more first light modulation units among the multiple light modulation units and / or one or more second light modulation units among the multiple light modulation units) are positioned on the ophthalmic lens in a square, a hexagon, or any other suitable arrangement (e.g., a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, a hexagon, or any other suitable arrangement).

[0209] A24. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment A, wherein in any combination of one or more of the central optical zone, the intermediate-peripheral optical zone, and the peripheral optical zone, the focal power of the multiple light modulation units varies from approximately -3D to +5D (e.g., approximately -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D).

[0210] A25. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the distribution of the number of negative power and positive power light modulation units on the ophthalmic lens (for example, the ratio of the number of positive power light modulation units to the number of negative power light modulation units) varies as follows: approximately 95 / 5; 90 / 10 / , 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100.

[0211] A26. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units has a shape corresponding to at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a semicircle, a hexagon, a square, or other suitable shapes.

[0212] A27. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a central optical zone having a substantially circular shape, an intermediate-peripheral optical zone having a substantially annular shape and located around the central optical zone, and / or a peripheral optical zone having a substantially annular shape and located around the intermediate-peripheral optical zone.

[0213] A28. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the plurality of optical modulator units are located in a mid-peripheral optical zone, and wherein one or more first optical modulator units among the plurality of optical modulator units have a first diameter and a first focal length and one or more second optical modulator units among the plurality of optical modulator units have a second diameter and a second focal length.

[0214] A29. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiment A28, wherein the first focal length is relatively positive than the focal length of the base lens and the second focal length is relatively negative than the focal length of the base lens.

[0215] A30. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiment A28, wherein the first focal length is relatively positive than the focal length of the base lens and the second focal length is relatively more positive than the first focal length and the focal length of the base lens.

[0216] A31. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiment A28, wherein the first focal length is relatively negative than the focal length of the base lens and the second focal length is relatively more negative than the first focal length and the focal length of the base lens.

[0217] A32. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment A, wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured to correct, slow down, reduce and / or control the progression of myopia.

[0218] A33. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments A, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0219] B1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens having a corresponding first image plane; and one or more light modulation zones having one or more light modulation units; wherein light passing through the light modulation zone causes a defocused light distribution across the first image plane and one or more image planes different from the first image plane.

[0220] B2. The ophthalmic lens of embodiment B1, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells are refractive in nature.

[0221] B3. The ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B1 to B2, wherein one or more refractive light modulation cells have a refractive power that is zero or not different relative to the refractive power of the base lens.

[0222] B4. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments B1 to B2, wherein the plurality of light modulation units have negative focal length relative to the focal length of the base lens.

[0223] B5. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments B1 to B2, wherein the plurality of light modulation units have positive focal power relative to the focal power of the base lens.

[0224] B6. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments B1 to B2, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units has more than one optical power.

[0225] B7. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B1 to B6, wherein a certain proportion of the defocused light transmitted through the light modulation unit area is distributed in front of the first image plane.

[0226] B8. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B1 to B6, wherein a certain proportion of the defocused light transmitted through the light modulation unit area is distributed behind the first image plane.

[0227] B9. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B1 to B8, wherein the defocused light for a certain proportion of the light transmitted through the light modulation unit area is distributed in front of and behind the first image plane.

[0228] B10. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B1 to B9, wherein the proportion of the through-focus light distribution in front of or behind the first image plane is about >20%.

[0229] B11. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B1 to B9, wherein the proportion of the through-focus light distribution in front of or behind the first image plane is about >30%.

[0230] B12. The ophthalmic lens of embodiment B1, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation cells are diffractive in nature.

[0231] B13. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens having a first focal length and a corresponding first image plane; one or more light modulation unit areas having a plurality of light modulation units having a focal length that is negative relative to the first focal length; wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a defocused light distribution that spans across the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0232] B14. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens having a first focal length and a corresponding first image plane; one or more light modulation unit areas having a plurality of light modulation units having a focal length that is positive relative to the first focal length, wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a defocused light distribution that spans across the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0233] B15. An ophthalmic lens for an individual's eye, the ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens comprising a first zone having a first focal power based on the refractive error of the eye; a second zone having a second focal power that is relatively positive compared to the first focal power; a plurality of light modulation units on the second zone; and wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a defocused light distribution that spans a first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0234] B16. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiment B15, wherein the second focal power is non-uniform across the second zone.

[0235] B17. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B15 to B16, wherein the non-uniform power from the inner edge to the outer edge of the second zone may include one or more of an increase, a decrease, or a non-monotonic power.

[0236] B18. The ophthalmic lens of embodiments B15 and B17, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells are refractive in nature.

[0237] B19. An ophthalmic lens according to embodiments B15 to B18, wherein one or more refractive light modulation units have a refractive power that is zero or not different relative to the refractive power of the base lens.

[0238] B20. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments B15 to B19, wherein the focal power of the multiple light modulation units is negative relative to the focal power of the base lens.

[0239] B21. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments B15 to B19, wherein the focal power of the multiple light modulation units is positive relative to the focal power of the base lens.

[0240] C1. An ophthalmic lens configured for correcting, slowing, reducing and / or controlling myopia progression, the ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to at least a first image plane; a central optical zone located in the center and having a substantially circular shape; an intermediate-peripheral optical zone having a substantially annular shape and located around the central optical zone; a peripheral optical zone having a substantially annular shape and located around the intermediate-peripheral optical zone; and a plurality of light modulation units located in at least one or more of the central optical zone, the intermediate-peripheral optical zone or the peripheral optical zone, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes in front of the first image plane; and wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

[0241] D1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens for guiding light to at least a first plane; and a plurality of light modulation units in at least one light modulation unit area; wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured so that light transmitted through the at least one light modulation unit area causes a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) that extends to one or more additional planes along at least one direction in the rear (hyperopic defocus) and / or in front (myopic defocus) direction relative to the first plane.

[0242] D2. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units in at least one light modulation unit area; wherein the base lens is configured to direct light to at least a first image plane, and the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes located behind (hyperopic defocus) and / or in front of (myopic defocus) relative to the first image plane.

[0243] D3. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens; and a plurality of light modulation units in at least one light modulation unit area, which are used to correct, slow, reduce and / or control the progression of eye growth by directing or transferring light to one or more planes; wherein the base lens is configured to direct light to at least a first image plane and the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes located behind (hyperopic defocus) and / or in front of (myopic defocus) relative to the first image plane.

[0244] D4. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments D, wherein the first image plane corresponds to the retinal plane.

[0245] D5. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment D, wherein the base lens has a uniform focal power across the lens.

[0246] D6. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment D, wherein the focal power of the base lens varies across the lens.

[0247] D7. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments D, wherein the peripheral optical zone of the base lens is more positive than the central and / or mid-peripheral optical zones.

[0248] D8. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments D, wherein the peripheral and mid-peripheral optical zones of the base lens are more positively powered than the central optical zone.

[0249] D9. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments D, wherein the peripheral optical zone of the base lens is more negatively powered than the central and / or mid-peripheral optical zones.

[0250] D10. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments D, wherein the increase in plus power from the center to the mid-peripheral and / or peripheral zones is stepped or gradually increases in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner.

[0251] D11. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments D, wherein the increase in negative power from the center to the mid-peripheral and / or peripheral zones is stepped and / or gradually increases in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner.

[0252] D12. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiments D, wherein the power variation from the center to the peripheral zone spans the entire base lens and / or is applied to certain areas or quadrants or segments of the lens.

[0253] D13. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments D, wherein the base lens of the ophthalmic lens is combined with a filter and / or combined with a phase-modifying mask (e.g., an amplitude mask).

[0254] D14. The ophthalmic lens of any one of embodiments D, wherein the filter is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

[0255] D15. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment D, wherein the phase-modifying mask is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

[0256] D16. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments D, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises one or more concentric rings or annular zones or at least a portion of a ring or annular zone having one or more focal powers and a plurality of light modulating units.

[0257] D17. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments D, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a base lens having a phase-modifying mask and a plurality of light modulating units.

[0258] D18. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments D, wherein the light modulation units are positioned or clustered on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens, either individually in an array or arrangement, or in an aggregate, array, stack, cluster or other suitable cluster arrangement.

[0259] D19. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment D, wherein the individual arrangements, aggregates, arrays, stacks or clusters of the light modulating units are positioned on the base lens in a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement (for example, a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement or any non-repeating or random arrangement); and / or are centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens; and / or are not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens.

[0260] D20. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the length ratio of the longest (x) meridian or axis to the shortest meridian or axis (y) of at least one of the one or more light modulation units is approximately 1.1, approximately 1.2, approximately 1.3, approximately 1.4, approximately 1.5, approximately 1.6, approximately 1.7, approximately 1.8, approximately 1.9 and approximately 2.0.

[0261] D21. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment D, wherein the sagittal depth of the light modulating unit varies from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, and from about 20 nm to about 50 μm.

[0262] D22. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the one or more light modulator units are arranged so that one or the axis or the longest meridian of the light modulator unit are lined parallel to each other; or can be radially aligned; or can be arranged circumferentially or in any suitable geometric arrangement (for example, a triangular arrangement or a square or a rectangle or a hexagon).

[0263] D23. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the light modulation unit includes a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a phase information pattern, or a binary phase mask, or a phase-modifying surface, such as a metasurface or a nanostructure.

[0264] D24. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment D, wherein the light phase of one or more light modulation units is modulated, for example, the outer area of ​​the light modulation unit represents an area in which the light phase has been modulated by the following values: for example, pi / 2, pi, 3.pi / 2, or between 0 and pi / 2, between pi / 2 and pi, between pi and 3.pi / 2, or between 3.pi / 2 and 2.pi; the inner white circle represents the second area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area; and / or the middle gray circle represents the third area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area and / or the second area.

[0265] D25. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments D, wherein the size, density per square mm and cluster arrangement of the light modulating units can be uniform across the zone or vary across the zone (for example, the density of the light modulating units in the peripheral zone is greater or less than that in the middle-peripheral zone).

[0266] D26. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment D, wherein the distribution of substantially positive power, substantially negative power, multifocal light modulators, and light modulators with phase modification masks across one or more zones of the ophthalmic lens (for example, the ratio of the number of positive power light modulators to the number of negative power and multifocal light modulators) can vary in equal or unequal proportions.

[0267] D27. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments D, wherein lens designers and clinicians can use the light modulating unit geometric distribution and / or fill ratio as a guide to the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens (including myopia control efficacy, visual acuity, and wearability).

[0268] D28. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments D, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulation unit relative to the total surface area of ​​the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulation unit to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens) is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%. %, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

[0269] D29. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone includes no light modulation unit or includes multiple light modulation units.

[0270] D30. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiments D, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulating unit relative to the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

[0271] D31. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the geometric fill ratio of the light modulating unit relative to the surface area corresponding to the peripheral optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

[0272] D32. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the ophthalmic lens is combined with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in a myopic defocus distribution to light in a hyperopic defocus distribution is approximately <1.0, approximately <0.9, approximately <0.8, approximately <0.7, approximately <0.6, approximately <0.5, approximately <0.4, approximately <0.3, approximately <0.2, approximately <0.1.

[0273] D33. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment D, wherein the ophthalmic lens is combined with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in a myopic defocus distribution to light in a hyperopic defocus is approximately >1.0, approximately >1.1, approximately >1.2, approximately >1.3, approximately >1.4, approximately >1.5, approximately >1.6, approximately >1.7, approximately >1.8, approximately >1.9.

[0274] D34. The ophthalmic lens of any one of embodiments D, wherein the ophthalmic lens incorporates a light modulation unit to provide a TFLD without significant hyperopic defocus.

[0275] D35. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiments D, wherein the ophthalmic lens incorporates a light modulation unit to provide a TFLD without significant myopic defocus.

[0276] D36. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment D, wherein the ophthalmic lens has a geometric fill factor such that approximately 75% of the light is directed to the retinal image plane and approximately 25% of the light is directed by the light modulation unit to a plane in front of the retinal image (myopic defocus).

[0277] D37. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment D, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a light modulation unit having a geometric fill factor, which is designed so that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is significantly greater than, slightly greater than, substantially similar to, slightly smaller than, or significantly smaller than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane.

[0278] D38. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment D, wherein the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed in front of the image plane is positioned significantly closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed behind the image plane.

[0279] D39. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Example D, wherein the TFLD at least partially forms a non-periodic and non-monotonic amplitude of myopic defocus light, hyperopic defocus light, or both.

[0280] D40. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment D, wherein the light amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light is at least about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 10% to 30% or about 10% to 20% of the total light amplitude.

[0281] D41. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment D, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front of or in myopic defocus) is approximately 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed in front of the retinal plane.

[0282] D42. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment D, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retinal plane (or behind or in hyperopic defocus) is approximately 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed behind the retinal plane.

[0283] D43. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment D, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD in front of the retinal plane (or in front of or in myopic defocus) and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light in front of the retinal plane.

[0284] D44. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment D, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD behind (or posterior or in hyperopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light behind the retina.

[0285] D55. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens comprising at least a central optical zone and a peripheral optical zone, the base lens being configured to direct light to at least a first plane; and a plurality of light modulation units located on a surface of at least the peripheral optical zone of the base lens and configured to correct, slow, reduce and / or control the progression of eye growth by directing or transferring light to one or more planes; wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured such that light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) that extends to one or more additional planes along at least one of a posterior (hyperopic defocus) or anterior (myopic defocus) direction.

[0286] E1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to at least a first plane; and one or more light modulation unit areas, comprising a plurality of light modulation units, the plurality of light modulation units being arranged on the surface of the base lens or embedded in at least one of any combination of the following one or more areas of the base lens: a central optical zone, a mid-peripheral optical zone, and a peripheral optical zone of the base lens, and being configured to direct or transfer light to one or more planes; wherein light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit areas results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD), which extends to one or more additional planes along at least one direction in the rear (hyperopic defocus) and / or in the front (myopic defocus) direction relative to the first plane.

[0287] E2. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the one or more light modulation unit areas are configured to direct light to one or more planes located behind the first plane (hyperopic defocus) and one or more planes located in front of the first image plane (myopic defocus).

[0288] E3. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein the plurality of light modulating elements are at least one of refractive and / or diffractive in nature.

[0289] E4. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the sagittal depth of the light modulation unit varies from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, and / or from about 20 nm to about 50 μm.

[0290] E5. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the light modulation unit is at least one of plano power, and / or plus power, and / or minus power and / or has multiple powers.

[0291] E6. The ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the proportion of TFLD in front of the first image plane is >20% of the light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit regions.

[0292] E7. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the proportion of TFLD behind the first image plane is >20% of the light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit regions.

[0293] E8. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment E, wherein the one or more light modulation unit areas in combination with one or more light modulation units are configured to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in the myopic defocus distribution to the hyperopic defocus is about <1.0, about <0.9, about <0.8, about <0.7, about <0.6, about <0.5, about <0.4, about <0.3, about <0.2, about <0.1.

[0294] E9. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment E, wherein the one or more light modulation unit areas in combination with one or more light modulation units are configured to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in the myopic defocus distribution to the hyperopic defocus is approximately >1.0, approximately >1.1, approximately >1.2, approximately >1.3, approximately >1.4, approximately >1.5, approximately >1.6, approximately >1.7, approximately >1.8, approximately >1.9.

[0295] E10. The ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the one or more light modulation element regions in combination with one or more light modulation elements are configured to provide a TFLD without significant hyperopic defocus.

[0296] E11. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein one or more light modulation element zones in combination with the one or more light modulation elements are configured to provide a TFLD without significant myopic defocus.

[0297] E12. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the light modulation unit area has a geometric fill factor, which is designed so that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is significantly greater than, slightly greater than, substantially similar to, slightly smaller than and / or significantly smaller than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane.

[0298] E13. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed in front of the image plane is positioned significantly closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed behind the image plane.

[0299] E14. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the TFLD at least partially forms a non-periodic and non-monotonic amplitude of myopic defocus light, hyperopic defocus light, or both.

[0300] E15. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment E, wherein the light amplitude of any band of defocused light is at least about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 10% to 30% or about 10% to 20% of the total light amplitude.

[0301] E16. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front of or in myopic defocus) is approximately 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed in front of the retinal plane.

[0302] E17. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD behind (or posterior to or in hyperopic defocus) the retinal plane is approximately 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed behind the retinal plane.

[0303] E18. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD in front of (or in front of or in myopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light in front of the retinal plane.

[0304] E19. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD behind (or posterior to or in hyperopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light behind the retina.

[0305] E20. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein the power of the base lens varies across the lens.

[0306] E21. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein the power of the peripheral optical zone of the base lens is more positive or more negative than the central optical zone and / or the mid-peripheral optical zone.

[0307] E22. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein the power of the peripheral optical zone and the mid-peripheral optical zone of the base lens are more correct than the central optical zone.

[0308] E23. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment E, wherein the change in focal power from the center to the mid-peripheral and / or peripheral zones is stepped or gradually increases in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner.

[0309] E24. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments E, wherein the power variation from the center to the peripheral zone spans the entire base lens and / or is applied to certain areas or quadrants or segments of the lens.

[0310] E25. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of embodiment E, wherein the base lens of the ophthalmic lens is combined with a filter and / or with a phase-modifying mask (e.g., an amplitude mask).

[0311] E26. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein the filter is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or segments of the lens.

[0312] E27. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Embodiment E, wherein the phase-modifying mask is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or segments of the lens.

[0313] E28. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments E, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises one or more concentric rings or annular zones or at least a portion of one or more rings or annular zones having one or more focal powers and a plurality of light modulating units.

[0314] E29. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein one or more of the light modulation units can be positioned or clustered on one or more areas of the base lens either individually, or in an array or arrangement, or in an aggregate, stack, cluster or other suitable cluster arrangement.

[0315] E30. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the individual arrangements, aggregates, arrays, stacks or clusters of the light modulating units are positioned on the base lens in a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement (for example, a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement or any non-repeating or random arrangement); and / or are centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens; and / or are not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens.

[0316] E31. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the length ratio of the longest (x) meridian or axis to the shortest meridian or axis (y) of at least one of the one or more light modulating units is approximately 1.1, approximately 1.2, approximately 1.3, approximately 1.4, approximately 1.5, approximately 1.6, approximately 1.7, approximately 1.8, approximately 1.9 and approximately 2.0.

[0317] E32. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the one or more light modulator units are arranged so that one of the principal meridians or the axis or the longest meridian of the light modulator unit is arranged parallel to each other; or can be radially aligned; or can be arranged circumferentially or in any suitable geometric arrangement (for example, a triangular arrangement or a square or a rectangle or a hexagon).

[0318] E33. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the one or more light modulation units comprise a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a kinoform pattern, or a binary phase mask, or a phase-modifying surface, such as a metasurface or a nanostructure.

[0319] E34. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the light phase of one or more light modulation units is modulated, for example, the outer area of ​​the light modulation unit represents an area in which the light phase has been modulated by the following values: for example, pi / 2, pi, 3.pi / 2, or between 0 and pi / 2, between pi / 2 and pi, between pi and 3.pi / 2, or between 3.pi / 2 and 2.pi; the inner white circle represents the second area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area; and / or the middle gray circle represents the third area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area and / or the second area.

[0320] E35. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein any combination of one or more of the size, density per square mm and / or cluster arrangement of the light modulator units is uniform across the zone or varies across the zone (for example, the density of the light modulator units in the peripheral zone is greater or less than that in the middle-peripheral zone).

[0321] E36. An ophthalmic lens according to any of Embodiment E, wherein lens designers and clinicians can use the geometric distribution of light modulating units and / or fill ratio as a guide to the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens (including any combination of one or more of myopia control efficacy, visual acuity, and wearability).

[0322] E37. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiment E, wherein the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone includes no light modulation unit or includes multiple light modulation units.

[0323] E38. An ophthalmic lens according to any of embodiment E, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulating unit in the central optical zone relative to the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

[0324] E39. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of Embodiments E, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulation unit in the peripheral optical zone and / or the intermediate-peripheral optical zone relative to the surface area corresponding to the peripheral optical zone and / or the intermediate-peripheral optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%. %, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

[0325] E40. An ophthalmic lens, comprising: a base lens having a front surface and a back surface, the base lens being configured to direct light to at least a first image plane; one or more light modulation unit areas on or in the base lens, the one or more light modulation unit areas comprising a plurality of light modulation units positioned in a specific configuration; wherein any combination of one or more of the geometric arrangement, fill factor ratio, diameter, sagittal depth, curvature, focal length and spacing between units of the light modulation units is configured such that light transmitted through the light modulation unit areas results in a defocused light distribution, which is directed to a plurality of planes located in front of and / or behind the first image plane.

[0326] E41. A method for designing / manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, the method comprising: selecting a base lens having a focal power distribution and configured to direct light to at least a first plane; and determining to place one or more light modulation unit zones in any combination of one or more of a central optical zone, a mid-peripheral optical zone and / or a peripheral optical zone of the base lens, the one or more light modulation unit zones comprising a plurality of light modulation units, the light modulation units being arranged on the surface of the base lens or embedded in at least one of the base lens; configuring the ophthalmic lens using any combination of one or more of a geometric arrangement of the light modulation units, a fill factor ratio, a diameter of the light modulation units, a sagittal depth of the light modulation units, a curvature of the light modulation units, a focal power of the light modulation units and a spacing between units, so that light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit zones results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD), which extends to one or more additional planes along at least one of a direction behind (hyperopic defocus) and in front (myopic defocus) relative to the first plane.

[0327] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed and defined in this specification extend to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present disclosure.

[0328] The foregoing summarizes the features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand various aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that they can easily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures to achieve the same purposes and / or achieve the same advantages as the embodiments described herein. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and that they can make various changes, substitutions, and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: Base lens; and multiple multi-focal light modulation units.

2. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of multi-focal light modulation units, wherein one or more of the plurality of multi-focal light modulation units refract light into at least two image planes different from the first image plane.

3. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane and a second image plane; and a plurality of multi-focal light modulation units, wherein one or more of the plurality of multi-focal light modulation units refract light to at least two image planes different from the first image plane and the second image plane.

4. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; a plurality of positive-power light modulation elements having power varying from 0.5D to 5D to refract light to one or more image planes located in front relative to the first image plane; and a plurality of negative-power light modulation units having power varying from -0.5D to -5D to refract light to one or more image planes located behind the first image plane.

5. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to a first image plane; and a plurality of light modulation units, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units refract light to one or more image planes different from the first image plane.

6. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein one or more of the multiple light modulation units refract light into a second image plane different from the first image plane and / or one or more of the multiple light modulation units refract light into a third image plane different from the first image plane and the second image plane.

7. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are configured to refract light to at least two (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6) image planes different from the first image plane.

8. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein at least one of the plurality of light modulation units is configured to refract light to at least two (e.g., 2, 3 or 4) image planes different from the first image plane.

9. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein at least one of the second image plane and the third image plane is located in front of the first image plane.

10. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 6-9, wherein at least one of the second image plane and the third image plane is located behind the first image plane.

11. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1-10, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells have a diameter ranging from about 20 microns to about 3 mm.

12. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units has a focal power that is relatively more correct (eg, the surface shape is convex) relative to the focal power of the substrate surface.

13. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of light modulation units has a relatively more negative (eg, concave surface shape) focal power compared to surrounding surface portions.

14. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are located in any combination of one or more of a central optical portion, a mid-peripheral optical zone, and a peripheral optical zone.

15. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the filling ratio of the light modulation unit relative to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulation unit to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens) is about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% (e.g., at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%).

16. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the fill ratio of the light modulating unit relative to the surface area corresponding to any zone in the central optical zone, the mid-peripheral optical zone or the peripheral optical zone (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulating unit to the total surface area of ​​the relevant zone) is about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% (e.g., at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%).

17. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the diameter of the plurality of light modulating units is between about 20 microns and about 3 mms (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900 microns-1 mm, 1-1.1 mm, 1.1-1.2 mm, 1. 2-1.3mm, 1.3-1.4mm, 1.4-1.5mm, 1.5-1.6mm, 1.6-1.7mm, 1.7-1.8mm, 1.8-1.9mm, 1.9-2mm, 2-2.1mm, 2.1- 2.2mm, 2.2-2.3mm, 2.3-2.4mm, 2.4-2.5mm, 2.5-2.6mm, 2.6-2.7mm, 2.7-2.8mm, 2.8-2.9mm, 2.9-3mm) changes.

18. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the diameter of one or more light modulating elements in the central optical zone is between about 20 microns and about 1000 microns (e.g., between about 20-60 microns, 40-80 microns, 60-100 microns, 80-120 microns, 100-140 microns, 120-160 microns, 140-180 microns, 160-200 microns, 180-220 microns, 200-240 microns, 220-260 microns). , 240-280 microns, 260-300 microns, 280-320 microns, 300-340 microns, 320-360 microns, 340-380 microns, 360-400 microns, 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900-1000 microns).

19. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the diameter of one or more light modulating elements in the mid-peripheral optical zone is between about 20 microns and about 2 mm (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900-1000 microns, 1000-1100 microns, 1100-1200 microns, 1200-1300 microns, 1300-1400 microns, 1400-1500 microns, 1500-1600 microns, 1600-1700 microns, 1700-1800 microns, 1800-1900 microns, 1900-2000 microns, 1900-2000 microns, 0-900 microns, 900 microns-1mm, 1-1.1mm, 1.1-1.2mm, 1.2-1.3mm, 1.3-1.4mm, 1.4-1.5mm, 1.5-1.6mm, 1.6-1.7mm, 1.7-1.8mm, 1.8-1.9mm, 1.9-2mm, 1-1.5mm, 1.5-2mm, 500 microns-1mm, between 100-500 microns).

20. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the diameter of one or more light modulating elements in the peripheral optical zone is between about 20 microns and about 3 mms (e.g., between about 20-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-300 microns, 300-400 microns, 400-500 microns, 500-600 microns, 600-700 microns, 700-800 microns, 800-900 microns, 900-1000 microns, 1000-1100 microns, 1100-1200 microns, 1100-1300 microns, 1100-1400 microns, 1100-1500 microns, 1100-1600 microns, 1100-1700 microns, 1100-1800 microns, 1100-1900 microns, 1100-1 .2mm, 1.2-1.3mm, 1.3-1.4mm, 1.4-1.5mm, 1.5-1.6mm, 1.6-1.7mm, 1.7-1.8mm, 1.8-1.9mm, 1.9-2mm, 2-2.1mm, 2.1-2.2mm, 2.2-2.3mm, 2.3-2.4mm, 2.4-2.5mm, 2.5-2.6mm, 2.6-2.7mm, 2.7-2.8mm, 2.8-2.9mm, 2.9-3mm).

21. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein the diameters of the multiple light modulator units in a specific optical zone can vary between the above-mentioned ranges (for example, one or more first light modulator units among the multiple light modulator units have a first diameter and one or more second light modulator units among the multiple light modulator units have a second diameter).

22. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-21, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are separated from each other (or adjacent to each other).

23. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein one or more of the multiple light modulation units (for example, one or more first light modulation units among the multiple light modulation units and / or one or more second light modulation units among the multiple light modulation units) are positioned on the ophthalmic lens in a square, a hexagon, or any other suitable arrangement (for example, a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, a hexagon, or any other suitable arrangement).

24. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein in any combination of one or more of the central optical zone, the intermediate-peripheral optical zone, and the peripheral optical zone, the focal power of the multiple light modulation units varies from about -3D to +5D (for example, about -3D, -2.5D, -2D, -1.5D, -1D, -0.5D, +0.5D, +1D, +1.5D, +2D, +2.5D, +3D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.5D, +5D).

25. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-24, wherein the distribution of the number of negative and positive power light modulation units on the ophthalmic lens (for example, the ratio of the number of positive power light modulation units to the number of negative power light modulation units) varies as follows: about 95 / 5; 90 / 10 / , 85 / 15, 80 / 20, 75 / 25, 70 / 30, 65 / 35, 60 / 40, 55 / 45, 50 / 50, 45 / 55, 40 / 60, 35 / 65, 30 / 70, 25 / 75, 20 / 80, 15 / 85, 10 / 90, 5 / 95, or 0 / 100.

26. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-25, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units has a shape corresponding to at least one of a circle, an ellipse, a semicircle, a hexagon, a square, or other suitable shapes.

27. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a central optical zone having a substantially circular shape, a mid-peripheral optical zone having a substantially annular shape and located around the central optical zone, and / or a peripheral optical zone having a substantially annular shape and located around the mid-peripheral optical zone.

28. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the plurality of light modulator units are located in a mid-peripheral optical zone, and wherein one or more first light modulator units among the plurality of light modulator units have a first diameter and a first focal length and one or more second light modulator units among the plurality of light modulator units have a second diameter and a second focal length.

29. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the first focal power is relatively positive compared to the focal power of the base lens and the second focal power is relatively negative compared to the focal power of the base lens.

30. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the first power is relatively positive than the power of the base lens and the second power is relatively more positive than the first power and the power of the base lens.

31. The ophthalmic lens of claim 28, wherein the first focal power is relatively negative than the focal power of the base lens and the second focal power is relatively more negative than the first focal power and the focal power of the base lens.

32. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein: The ophthalmic lens is configured to correct, slow, reduce and / or control the progression of myopia.

33. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 1-32, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

34. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a substrate lens having a corresponding first image plane; and one or more light modulation regions having one or more light modulation units; The light passing through the light modulation region results in a defocused light distribution across the first image plane and one or more image planes different from the first image plane.

35. The ophthalmic lens of claim 34, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating elements are refractive in nature.

36. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 34-35, wherein one or more refractive light modulating elements have a refractive power that is zero or not different relative to the refractive power of the base lens.

37. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 34-35, wherein the plurality of light modulation units have negative focal power relative to the focal power of the base lens.

38. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 34-35, wherein the plurality of light modulation units are positively powered relative to the power of the base lens.

39. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 34-35, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells has more than one optical power.

40. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 34-39, wherein the defocused light for a certain proportion of the light transmitted through the light modulation unit area is distributed in front of the first image plane.

41. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 34-39, wherein the defocused light for a certain proportion of the light transmitted through the light modulation unit area is distributed behind the first image plane.

42. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 34-41, wherein the defocused light for a certain proportion of the light transmitted through the light modulation unit area is distributed in front of and behind the first image plane.

43. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 34-42, wherein the proportion of the out-of-focus light distribution in front of or behind the first image plane is about >20%.

44. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 34-42, wherein the proportion of the out-of-focus light distribution in front of or behind the first image plane is about >30%.

45. The ophthalmic lens of claim 34, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating elements are diffractive in nature.

46. ​​An ophthalmic lens comprising: A base lens having a first focal power and a corresponding first image plane; one or more light modulation unit areas having a plurality of light modulation units having a focal power that is negative relative to the first focal power; Wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a defocused light distribution that spans across the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

47. An ophthalmic lens comprising: A base lens having a first focal power and a corresponding first image plane; one or more light modulation unit areas having a plurality of light modulation units having a focal power that is positive relative to the first focal power, wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a through-focus light distribution that spans across one or more image planes distributed at the first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

48. An ophthalmic lens for an eye of an individual, the ophthalmic lens comprising: A base lens comprising a first zone having a first focal power based on a refractive error of the eye; a second zone having a second focal power that is relatively positive compared to the first focal power; a plurality of light modulation units on the second zone; and wherein light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a through-focus light distribution that spans a first image plane, one or more image planes in front of the first image plane, and one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

49. The ophthalmic lens of claim 48, wherein the second focal power is non-uniform across the second zone.

50. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 48-49, wherein the non-uniform power from the inner edge to the outer edge of the second zone may include one or more of increasing, decreasing, or non-monotonic power.

51. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 48-50, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulating cells are refractive in nature.

52. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 48-51, wherein one or more refractive light modulating elements have a refractive power that is zero or not different relative to the refractive power of the base lens.

53. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 48-52, wherein the focal power of the plurality of light modulation units is negative relative to the focal power of the base lens.

54. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 48-52, wherein the focal power of the plurality of light modulation units is positive relative to the focal power of the base lens.

55. An ophthalmic lens configured to correct, slow, reduce and / or control myopia progression, the ophthalmic lens comprising: a base lens configured to direct light to at least a first image plane; a central optical zone located at the center and having a substantially circular shape; a mid-peripheral optical zone that is substantially annular in shape and located around the central optical zone; a peripheral optical zone that is substantially annular in shape and located around the mid-peripheral optical zone; and a plurality of light modulation units located in at least one or more of the central optical zone, the mid-peripheral optical zone or the peripheral optical zone, wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes in front of the first image plane; and wherein one or more of the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes behind the first image plane.

56. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a substrate optic for directing light into at least a first plane; and a plurality of light modulation units in at least one light modulation unit region; Wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured such that light transmitted through the at least one light modulation unit area results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) that extends to one or more additional planes along at least one of a direction behind (hyperopic defocus) and / or in front (myopic defocus) relative to the first plane.

57. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a substrate lens; and a plurality of light modulation units in at least one light modulation unit region; The base lens is configured to direct light to at least a first image plane, and the plurality of light modulation units are configured to direct light to one or more image planes located behind (hyperopic defocus) and / or in front of (myopic defocus) relative to the first image plane.

58. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a substrate lens; and a plurality of light modulation cells in at least one light modulation cell zone for correcting, slowing, reducing and / or controlling the progression of eye growth by directing or diverting light to one or more planes; wherein the base lens is configured to direct light to at least a first image plane and the plurality of light modulation cells are configured to direct light to one or more image planes located behind (hyperopic defocus) and / or in front of (myopic defocus) relative to the first image plane.

59. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-58, wherein the first image plane corresponds to the retinal plane.

60. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-59, wherein the base lens has a uniform power across the lens.

61. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-60, wherein the power of the base lens varies across the lens.

62. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-61, wherein the peripheral optical zone of the base lens is more positively powered than the central and / or mid-peripheral optical zones.

63. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-62, wherein the peripheral and mid-peripheral optical zones of the base lens are more positively powered than the central optical zone.

64. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-63, wherein the peripheral optical zone of the base lens is more negatively powered than the central and / or mid-peripheral optical zones.

65. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-64, wherein the increase in positive power from the center to the mid-peripheral and / or peripheral zones is stepped or gradually increases in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner.

66. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-65, wherein the increase in negative power from the center to the mid-peripheral and / or peripheral zones is stepped and / or gradually increases in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner.

67. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-66, wherein the power variation from the center to the peripheral zone is across the entire base lens and / or is applied to certain areas or quadrants or segments of the lens.

68. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-67, wherein the base lens of the ophthalmic lens incorporates a filter and / or incorporates a phase-modifying mask (eg, an amplitude mask).

69. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-68, wherein the filter is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

70. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-69, wherein the phase-modifying mask is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

71. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-70, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises one or more concentric rings or annular zones or at least a portion of a ring or annular zone having one or more focal powers and a plurality of light modulating units.

72. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-71, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a base lens having a phase-modifying mask and a plurality of light modulating units.

73. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-72, wherein the light modulation units are positioned or clustered on the base lens of the ophthalmic lens, either individually in an array or arrangement, or in an aggregate, array, stack, cluster or other suitable cluster arrangement.

74. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-73, wherein the individual arrangements, aggregates, arrays, stacks or clusters of the light modulating units are positioned on the base lens in a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement (for example, a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement or any non-repeating or random arrangement); and / or are centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens; and / or are not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens.

75. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-74, wherein the length ratio of the longest (x) meridian or axis to the shortest meridian or axis (y) of at least one of the one or more light modulating units is about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, about 1.9 and about 2.

0.

76. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-75, wherein the sagittal depth of the light modulating unit varies from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, and from about 20 nm to about 50 μm.

77. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-76, wherein the one or more light modulator units are arranged so that one or the axis or the longest meridian of the light modulator unit is lined parallel to each other; or can be radially aligned; or can be arranged circumferentially or in any suitable geometric arrangement (for example, a triangular arrangement or a square or a rectangle or a hexagon).

78. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-77, wherein the light modulation unit comprises a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a phase pattern, or a binary phase mask, or a phase-modifying surface, such as a metasurface or a nanostructure.

79. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-78, wherein the light phase of one or more light modulation units is modulated, for example, the outer area of ​​the light modulation unit represents an area in which the light phase has been modulated by the following values: for example, pi / 2, pi, 3.pi / 2, or between 0 and pi / 2, between pi / 2 and pi, between pi and 3.pi / 2, or between 3.pi / 2 and 2.pi; the inner white circle represents a second area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area; and / or the middle gray circle represents a third area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area and / or the second area.

80. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-79, wherein the size, density per square mm and cluster arrangement of the light modulating units can be uniform across the zone or vary across the zone (for example, the density of the light modulating units in the peripheral zone is greater or less than that in the middle-peripheral zone).

81. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-80, wherein the distribution of substantially positive-power, substantially negative-power, multifocal light modulators, and light modulators with phase-modifying masks across one or more zones of the ophthalmic lens (for example, the ratio of the number of positive-power light modulators to negative-power and multifocal light modulators) can vary in equal or unequal proportions.

82. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-81, wherein lens designers and clinicians can use the light modulating unit geometric distribution and / or fill ratio as a guide to the clinical performance (including myopia control efficacy, visual acuity and wearability) of the ophthalmic lens.

83. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-82, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulation unit relative to the total surface area of ​​the base lens of the ophthalmic lens (e.g., the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the light modulation unit to the total surface area of ​​the ophthalmic lens) is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

84. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-83, wherein the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone includes no light modulation unit or includes a plurality of light modulation units.

85. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-84, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulating unit relative to the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

86. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-85, wherein the geometric fill ratio of the light modulating unit relative to the surface area corresponding to the peripheral optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

87. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-86, wherein the ophthalmic lens is combined with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in a myopic defocus distribution to light in a hyperopic defocus distribution is about <1.0, about <0.9, about <0.8, about <0.7, about <0.6, about <0.5, about <0.4, about <0.3, about <0.2, about <0.

1.

88. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-87, wherein the ophthalmic lens is combined with one or more light modulation units to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in a myopic defocus distribution to light in a hyperopic defocus is about >1.0, about >1.1, about >1.2, about >1.3, about >1.4, about >1.5, about >1.6, about >1.7, about >1.8, about >1.

9.

89. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-88, wherein the ophthalmic lens incorporates a light modulating unit to provide a TFLD without significant hyperopic defocus.

90. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-89, wherein the ophthalmic lens incorporates a light modulating element to provide a TFLD without significant myopic defocus.

91. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-90, wherein the ophthalmic lens has a geometric fill factor such that approximately 75% of the light is directed to the retinal image plane and approximately 25% of the light is directed by the light modulation unit to a plane in front of the retinal image (myopic defocus).

92. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-91, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a light modulation unit having a geometric fill factor, which is designed so that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is significantly greater than, slightly greater than, substantially similar to, slightly less than, or significantly less than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane.

93. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-92, wherein the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed in front of the image plane is positioned significantly closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed behind the image plane.

94. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-93, wherein the TFLD at least partially forms a non-periodic and non-monotonic amplitude of myopic defocus light, hyperopic defocus light, or both.

95. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-94, wherein the light amplitude of any continuous band of defocused light is at least about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 10% to 30% or about 10% to 20% of the total light amplitude.

96. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-95, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front of or in myopic defocus) is about 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed in front of the retinal plane.

97. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 56-96, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retinal plane (or posterior or in hyperopic defocus) is about 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed behind the retinal plane.

98. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-97, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD in front of (or in front of or in myopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light in front of the retinal plane.

99. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 56-98, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD behind (or posterior to or in hyperopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30%, or about <50% of the total light behind the retina.

100. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base optic comprising at least a central optical zone and a peripheral optical zone, the base optic being configured to direct light into at least a first plane; and a plurality of light modulation units located on a surface of at least the peripheral optical zone of the base lens and configured to correct, slow, reduce and / or control the progression of eye growth by directing or shifting light to one or more planes; wherein the ophthalmic lens is configured such that light transmitted through the ophthalmic lens results in a through-focus light distribution (TFLD) extending to one or more additional planes along at least one of a posterior (hyperopic defocus) or an anterior (myopic defocus) direction.

101. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a substrate lens configured to direct light to at least a first plane; and one or more light modulation unit areas, which include a plurality of light modulation units, which are arranged on the surface of the base lens or embedded in at least one of the following one or more areas of any combination of the base lens: the central optical zone, the middle-peripheral optical zone and the peripheral optical zone of the base lens, and are configured to guide or transfer light to one or more planes; wherein the light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit areas causes a through-focus light distribution (TFLD), which extends to one or more additional planes along at least one direction in the rear (hyperopic defocus) and / or front (myopic defocus) direction relative to the first plane.

102. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 101, wherein the one or more light modulation unit areas are configured to direct light to one or more planes located behind the first plane (hyperopic defocus) and one or more planes located in front of the first image plane (myopic defocus).

103. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-102, wherein the plurality of light modulating elements are at least one of refractive and / or diffractive in nature.

104. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-103, wherein the sagittal depth of the light modulating unit varies from about 20 nm to about 1 mm, from about 20 nm to about 500 μm, from about 20 nm to about 400 μm, from about 20 nm to about 300 μm, from about 20 nm to about 200 μm, from about 20 nm to about 100 μm, and / or from about 20 nm to about 50 μm.

105. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-104, wherein the light modulation unit is at least one of plano focal power, and / or positive focal power, and / or negative focal power and / or has multiple focal powers.

106. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-105, wherein the proportion of TFLD in front of the first image plane is >20% of the light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit areas.

107. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-106, wherein the proportion of TFLD behind the first image plane is >20% of the light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit regions.

108. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-107, wherein the one or more light modulation unit areas in combination with one or more light modulation units are configured to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in the myopic defocus distribution to the hyperopic defocus is about <1.0, about <0.9, about <0.8, about <0.7, about <0.6, about <0.5, about <0.4, about <0.3, about <0.2, about <0.

1.

109. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-108, wherein the one or more light modulation unit areas in combination with one or more light modulation units are configured to provide a TFLD, wherein the ratio of light in the myopic defocus distribution to the hyperopic defocus is about >1.0, about >1.1, about >1.2, about >1.3, about >1.4, about >1.5, about >1.6, about >1.7, about >1.8, about >1.

9.

110. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-109, wherein the one or more light modulation element zones in combination with one or more light modulation elements are configured to provide a TFLD without significant hyperopic defocus.

111. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-110, wherein one or more light modulation element zones in combination with one or more light modulation elements are configured to provide a TFLD without significant myopic defocus.

112. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-111, wherein the light modulation unit area has a geometric fill factor, which is designed so that the peak amplitude of the defocused light in front of the image plane is significantly greater than, slightly greater than, substantially similar to, slightly smaller than and / or significantly smaller than the amplitude of the defocused light behind the image plane.

113. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-112, wherein the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed in front of the image plane is positioned significantly closer to the image plane than the distance of the peak amplitude of light directed behind the image plane.

114. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-113, wherein the TFLD at least partially forms a non-periodic and non-monotonic amplitude of myopic defocus light, hyperopic defocus light, or both.

115. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-114, wherein the light amplitude of any band of defocused light is at least about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 10% to 50%, about 10% to 40%, about 10% to 30% or about 10% to 20% of the total light amplitude.

116. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-115, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD in front of the image plane (or in front of or in myopic defocus) is approximately 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed in front of the retinal plane.

117. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-116, wherein the peak amplitude of the TFLD behind the retinal plane (or posterior or in hyperopic defocus) is approximately 50%, significantly >50%, slightly >50%, or <50% of all light directed behind the retinal plane.

118. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-117, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD in front of (or in front of or in myopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light in front of the retinal plane.

119. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-118, wherein the amplitude of the TFLD behind (or posterior to or in hyperopic defocus) the retinal plane and within 1.00D of the retinal plane is about <10%, or about <20%, or about <30% or about <50% of the total light behind the retina.

120. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-119, wherein the power of the base lens varies across the lens.

121. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-120, wherein the focal power of the peripheral optical zone of the base lens is more positive or more negative than the central optical zone and / or the mid-peripheral optical zone.

122. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 101-121, wherein the power of the peripheral optical zone and the mid-peripheral optical zone of the base lens are more correct than the central optical zone.

123. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-122, wherein the change in focal power from the center to the mid-peripheral and / or peripheral zones is stepped or gradually increases in a monotonic or non-monotonic manner.

124. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-123, wherein the focal power variation from the center to the peripheral zone spans across the entire base lens and / or is applied to certain areas or quadrants or segments of the lens.

125. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-124, wherein the base lens of the ophthalmic lens is combined with a filter and / or with a phase-modifying mask (e.g., an amplitude mask).

126. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-125, wherein the filter is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

127. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-126, wherein the phase-modifying mask is applied over the entire base lens and / or to selected areas or quadrants or sections of the lens.

128. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-127, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises one or more concentric rings or annular zones or at least a portion of one or more rings or annular zones having one or more focal powers and a plurality of light modulating units.

129. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-128, wherein one or more of the light modulating units can be positioned or clustered on one or more regions of the base lens either individually, or in an array or arrangement, or in an aggregate, stack, cluster or other suitable cluster arrangement.

130. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-129, wherein the individual arrangements, aggregates, arrays, stacks or clusters of the light modulating units are positioned on the base lens in a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement (for example, a repeating pattern corresponding to a square, a hexagon or any other suitable arrangement or any non-repeating or random arrangement); and / or are centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens; and / or are not centered on the geometric or optical center of the base lens.

131. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-130, wherein the length ratio of the longest (x) meridian or axis to the shortest meridian or axis (y) of at least one of the one or more light modulating units is approximately 1.1, approximately 1.2, approximately 1.3, approximately 1.4, approximately 1.5, approximately 1.6, approximately 1.7, approximately 1.8, approximately 1.9 and approximately 2.

0.

132. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-131, wherein the one or more light modulator units are arranged so that one of the principal meridians or the axis or the longest meridian of the light modulator unit is arranged parallel to each other; or can be radially aligned; or can be arranged circumferentially or in any suitable geometric arrangement (for example, a triangular arrangement or a square or a rectangle or a hexagon).

133. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-132, wherein the one or more light modulation units comprise a phase-modifying mask, such as an amplitude mask, a binary amplitude mask, a phase mask, or a phase information pattern, or a binary phase mask, or a phase-modifying surface, such as a metasurface or a nanostructure.

134. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-133, wherein the light phase of the one or more light modulation units is modulated, for example, the outer area of ​​the light modulation unit represents an area in which the light phase has been modulated by the following values: for example, pi / 2, pi, 3.pi / 2, or between 0 and pi / 2, between pi / 2 and pi, between pi and 3.pi / 2, or between 3.pi / 2 and 2.pi; the inner white circle represents a second area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area; and / or the middle gray circle represents a third area of ​​the light modulation unit, whose light phase has been modulated to a phase different from that of the first area and / or the second area.

135. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-134, wherein any combination of one or more of the size, density per square mm and / or cluster arrangement of the light modulator units is uniform across the zone or varies across the zone (for example, the density of the light modulator units in the peripheral zone is greater or less than that in the mid-peripheral zone).

136. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-135, wherein lens designers and clinicians can use the light modulating unit geometric distribution and / or fill ratio as a guide to the clinical performance of the ophthalmic lens (including any combination of one or more of myopia control efficacy, visual acuity, and wearability).

137. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-136, wherein the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone includes no light modulation unit or includes multiple light modulation units.

138. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-137, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulating unit in the central optical zone relative to the surface area corresponding to the central optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

139. An ophthalmic lens according to any one of claims 101-138, wherein the geometric filling ratio of the light modulation unit in the peripheral optical zone and / or the intermediate-peripheral optical zone relative to the surface area corresponding to the peripheral optical zone and / or the intermediate-peripheral optical zone is about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80% Or about 85%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80% or at least 85% or between 5-15%, 20-30%, 35-45%, 40-50%, 45-55%, 60-70%, 70-75%, 70-80% or 75-85%.

140. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a base optic having a front surface and a back surface, the base optic being configured to direct light to at least a first image plane; One or more light modulation unit areas on or in the base lens, the one or more light modulation unit areas include multiple light modulation units positioned in a specific configuration; wherein any combination of one or more of the geometric arrangement, fill factor ratio, diameter, sagittal depth, curvature, focal length and spacing between units of the light modulation units is configured so that light transmitted through the light modulation unit area causes a defocused light distribution, which is directed to multiple planes located in front of and / or behind the first image plane.

141. A method for designing / manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, the method comprising: selecting a base lens having a power profile and configured to direct light into at least a first plane; And determining to place one or more light modulation unit areas in any combination of one or more of the central optical zone, the intermediate-peripheral optical zone and / or the peripheral optical zone of the base lens, the one or more light modulation unit areas include a plurality of light modulation units, and at least one of the light modulation units is arranged on the surface of the base lens or embedded in the base lens; configuring the ophthalmic lens using any combination of one or more of the geometric arrangement, fill factor ratio, light modulation unit diameter, light modulation unit sagittal depth, light modulation unit curvature, light modulation unit focal length and unit-to-unit spacing of the light modulation units, so that light transmitted through the one or more light modulation unit areas causes a through-focus light distribution (TFLD), which extends to one or more additional planes along at least one direction in the rear (hyperopic defocus) and front (myopic defocus) directions relative to the first plane.

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