A ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharide

Abstract

The application discloses a ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharide, and relates to the field of agriculture, which is characterized by the following steps: mixing the compound microbial preparation with fertilizer, seed, seedling, root irrigation and foliar spraying, so that the soil can be improved, the fertility can be enhanced, the soil-borne disease ginseng red skin disease (water rust disease) can be prevented, the soil can be prevented from being hardened, the root growth and seedling growth can be promoted, the survival rate of ginseng seedlings can be improved, the growth of ginseng root system can be promoted, the release of soil nutrients can be accelerated, the absorption capacity of the root system to the soil nutrients can be improved, the ginseng root system can be developed, the photosynthesis can be enhanced, the stem and leaf can be green, the root weight can be increased, the growth can be healthy, the yield can be improved, the dry matter storage of ginseng can be improved, the anti-freezing capacity of ginseng can be improved, the ginseng harvesting period in ice and snow can be prolonged, the synthesis of effective ginseng substances can be promoted, the ginseng polysaccharide content can be improved, and the ginseng quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the agricultural field, and more particularly to a ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides. Background Technology

[0002] Ginseng, also known as snow ginseng, is a perennial, shade-loving dicotyledonous herb belonging to the Araliaceae family in botany. It gets its name from its root, which resembles a human figure, and is also commonly called a "club" due to its spindle-shaped root. Ginseng is a higher plant possessing roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, and is known as the "King of Herbs." It has various medicinal properties, including invigorating qi and blood, benefiting the lungs and spleen, nourishing yin and yang, fighting viruses, and anti-aging and longevity-promoting effects. Ice and Snow Ginseng thrives in the southeastern part of Changbai Mountain, specifically in the region between 40°N and 48°N latitude and 117°E and 137°E longitude. It grows under specific climatic conditions: an average annual temperature above 4°C, an annual accumulated temperature of 1900°C to 2800°C, an average January temperature of -18°C, an average July to August temperature of 20°C to 21°C, an annual rainfall of 800°C to 1000°C (400°C in July and August), a frost-free period of 120 to 140 days, and 2387 hours of sunshine annually. It is nurtured by fertile soil, nourished by high-altitude snow and rain, and imbued with the essence of the sun and moon.

[0003] The current cultivation methods for snow ginseng are as follows:

[0004] 1. Soil: Select soil with an organic matter content of more than 3%, slightly acidic soil with good granular structure (pH 5.5-6.5), and relatively comprehensive mineral content.

[0005] 2. Topography: Generally, hilly areas, flat areas, and mountainous areas with a slope of less than 15 degrees are suitable, and all slope directions are acceptable, with east, south, and north slopes being the most appropriate.

[0006] 3. Surrounding environment: Select a plot of land that is free from any pollution sources, convenient for transportation, close to water sources, and conducive to mechanized, intensive, and standardized management of production.

[0007] 4. Land preparation: Generally, before the end of April or mid-May, the soil should be turned over and loosened to a depth of 30-35cm. When turning the soil, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Make ridges at the transplanting site, with a ridge height of 25cm and a ridge width of 1.2-1.5 meters.

[0008] 5. Transplanting: For spring planting, transplanting can be done in mid-to-late April when the soil thaws. For autumn planting, transplanting can be done in mid-to-late October when the above-ground parts of the ginseng wither.

[0009] 6. Planting density: 2-year-old seedlings with a row spacing of 20cm. 70 seedlings of Grade 1, 80 seedlings of Grade 2, and 90 seedlings of Grade 3 per square meter.

[0010] 7. Precautions: When transplanting, first dig up the ginseng seedlings, preferably in the morning to avoid direct sunlight. After digging them up, sort them into first, second, and third grades (first, second, and third rows) according to size and quality, discarding diseased or drooping seedlings. Plant them immediately after digging. Ginseng seedlings that cannot be planted on the same day should be placed in a shady place for use the next day.

[0011] The existing technology has the following drawbacks:

[0012] 1. Due to traditional ginseng cultivation methods, the annual growth period of ginseng is relatively short (the above-ground parts of ginseng wither and growth ends in mid-to-late September). Ginseng has a high water content and insufficient accumulation of dry matter (ginseng dry matter mainly includes ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, ginseng protein, minerals, amino acids, organic acid esters, vitamins, sterols and their glycosides). Ginseng is prone to frost damage, resulting in low germination rate and high seedling drop rate in the second year, which seriously affects the development of ginseng cultivation.

[0013] 2. Ginseng is harvested in mid-to-late September. Due to the short growing period and insufficient dry matter accumulation, the content of effective substances in ginseng is insufficient to some extent. For example, the polysaccharide content is only 12% to 13%, which affects the quality of ginseng. Summary of the Invention

[0014] This invention addresses the problems of short growth period and low ginseng polysaccharide content in existing ginseng cultivation techniques by proposing a ginseng cultivation method that increases ginseng polysaccharide content.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0016] The ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides proposed in this invention includes the steps of fertilizer mixing, seed mixing, soaking, root irrigation, and foliar spraying. All of the above steps use a compound microbial preparation. The compound microbial preparation is a liquid preparation made by liquid culture and fermentation of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces exiguus. The ratio of Lactobacillus casei strain to Saccharomyces exiguus strain is 3:(1-2), and the total number of live Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces exiguus reaches 260 million / ml.

[0017] Furthermore, the fertilizer mixing step includes: during land preparation, adding the compound microbial agent to water at a mass ratio of 1:50, then mixing it evenly with the well-rotted organic fertilizer and applying it to the soil as base fertilizer. The well-rotted organic fertilizer includes fermented soybean meal fertilizer and fermented pig manure, with a ratio of 1:10 for fermented soybean meal fertilizer and 3:100 for compound microbial agent and fermented soybean meal fertilizer.

[0018] Furthermore, the seed treatment steps include: at the time of sowing, use 0.02 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu (667 square meters) to treat 3-4 kg of seeds, dry them in the shade before sowing, resulting in uniform, strong seedlings with vigorous root development.

[0019] Furthermore, the soaking and planting steps include: when planting ginseng, soak the ginseng in a 50-fold dilution of a high-quality compound microbial preparation for planting for half an hour, then take it out and transplant it. Use 1 kg of compound microbial preparation per acre.

[0020] Furthermore, the standard for high-quality ginseng cultivation is as follows: select first-class ginseng plants that are 4 years old, discard diseased or drooping ginseng plants, and plant them immediately after digging them up, with a plant spacing of 10cm and a row spacing of 23cm; add compound microbial preparation to water at a mass ratio of 1:50 and spray it on the ginseng bed, maintain the soil moisture of the ginseng bed at 40% to 45%, apply 66.67ml of compound microbial preparation per square meter of ginseng bed, and balance the soil pH to 5.5 to 6.5.

[0021] Furthermore, the root irrigation steps include: during the ginseng growing season, apply 26 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu (unit of land area) mixed with an appropriate amount of water for root irrigation, once each at the end of April and at the end of June in spring. When the soil moisture is below 30%, dilute with 400-500 kg of water; when the soil moisture is between 30% and 45%, dilute with 200-400 kg of water; and when the soil moisture is above 45%, dilute with 200 kg of water.

[0022] Furthermore, the foliar spraying steps include: during the ginseng's growth period, spray the compound microbial preparation at a dilution of 100-150 times at the mid-leaf expansion stage, mid-flowering stage, and green fruit stage, using 1 kg of compound microbial preparation per acre.

[0023] Furthermore, the above-mentioned ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides also includes the step of maintaining a balanced soil temperature in the ginseng field. Specifically, sawdust, rice husks, and compound microbial preparations are mixed and mixed at a mass ratio of 9:9:2 to form a covering material. This mixture is then placed on the ginseng bed in mid-to-late September to a thickness of 50cm and sealed with plastic film to maintain a balanced soil temperature.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention proposes a ginseng cultivation method to enhance ginseng polysaccharides. Through multi-faceted application of compound microbial agents via fertilizer mixing, seed dressing, soaking, root irrigation, and foliar spraying, it improves soil, enhances fertility, prevents soil-borne diseases such as ginseng red skin disease (water rust), prevents soil compaction, promotes strong root development and seedling growth, increases seedling survival rate, promotes ginseng root growth, accelerates soil nutrient release, and enhances root absorption capacity. The resulting ginseng has a well-developed root system, enhanced photosynthesis, stronger stems and greener leaves, increased root weight, robust growth, increased yield, increased dry matter accumulation, improved ginseng resistance to frost damage, extended harvesting period for ginseng grown in snowy conditions, promotes the synthesis of effective ginseng substances, increases ginseng polysaccharide content, and improves ginseng quality. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all experimental materials used in the following examples were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores. The composite microbial preparation used in the embodiments of the present invention was prepared according to the method of patent application number 200910067552.3. The composite microbial preparation was prepared into a liquid preparation by liquid culture fermentation of *Lactobacillus casei* and *Saccharomyces exiguus*, with a ratio of *Lactobacillus casei* strain to *Saccharomyces exiguus* strain of 3:(1-2), and the total viable count of *Lactobacillus casei* and *Saccharomyces exiguus* reached 260 million / ml.

[0029] Example

[0030] The ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides proposed in this invention includes the steps of fertilizer mixing, seed mixing, soaking, root irrigation, and foliar spraying.

[0031] 1. Mixing with fertilizer:

[0032] During land preparation, add the compound microbial agent to water at a mass ratio of 1:50, then mix it evenly with well-rotted organic fertilizer and apply it to the soil as base fertilizer. This can improve the soil, enhance fertility, and prevent soil-borne diseases. The well-rotted organic fertilizer includes fermented soybean meal and fermented pig manure, with a ratio of 1:10. The ratio of the compound microbial agent to the fermented soybean meal is 3:100.

[0033] Experiments were conducted on compound microbial agents mixed with water at different ratios, such as 1:50 and 1:500. The results showed that when the ratio of compound microbial agents to water exceeded 1:50, such as reaching 1:500, it would cause excessive soil moisture (moisture content above 70%), reduce soil permeability, affect the growth of ginseng roots, and impair the normal growth and development of ginseng.

[0034] Organic fertilizer can be made by mixing soybean meal and fermented pig manure. Experiments have shown that mixing 100 kg of fermented soybean meal, 1000 kg of fermented pig manure, 3 kg of compound microbial agent, and 150 kg of water per acre can effectively prevent soil compaction, promote soil granulation, and make the soil loose, aerated, and retain nutrients and water. Exceeding this ratio will affect the efficacy of the compound microbial agent and organic fertilizer, as mixing microbial agents with organic fertilizer is better than using them alone. This is because organic fertilizer provides the nutritional conditions for microbial survival and reproduction, enhancing microbial activity; the stronger the microbial activity, the higher the fertilizer effect. However, the ratio of mixing with inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizers) should not be exceeded, otherwise it will reduce microbial activity and affect the efficacy of the microbial agent.

[0035] 2. Seed dressing:

[0036] At the time of sowing, per mu (667m) 2 Using 0.02 kg of compound microbial preparation to treat 3-4 kg of seeds, then air-drying them before sowing, results in uniform, strong seedlings with robust root development. This seed treatment method was developed through years of application trials and continuous summarization of experiences and lessons learned. Exceeding this treatment ratio will negatively impact seed germination and seedling emergence.

[0037] 3. Soaking:

[0038] When planting ginseng, soak the plants in a 50-fold dilution of a high-quality compound microbial preparation (the ratio of compound microbial preparation to water is 1:50) for half an hour, then remove and transplant. The planting density is 667m². 2 Use 1 kg of compound microbial preparation. Through years of application trials, this ratio of soaking method has been determined. If the soaking concentration exceeds this ratio, it will affect the emergence and growth of ginseng seedlings in the second year.

[0039] The standards for high-quality ginseng cultivation are as follows:

[0040] Four-year-old first-grade ginseng seedlings (first-row) were selected, and diseased or drooping seedlings were discarded. Seedlings were dug up and planted immediately, with a plant spacing of 10cm and a row spacing of 23cm. A compound microbial agent was added to water at a ratio of 1:50 and sprayed onto the ginseng bed (ridge). The soil moisture was maintained at 40%–45%, with no dry layers. The soil was kept balanced with beneficial bacteria, organic matter (above 3%), and nutrients to create a favorable growing environment for the ginseng. 66.67ml of the compound microbial agent was applied per square meter of ginseng bed, and the soil pH was balanced to 5.5–6.5. Testing showed that the soil had high potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus content (at least 1.5 mg of available nitrogen, 2 mg of available phosphorus, and 20 mg of available potassium per 100g of soil), and a comprehensive range of trace elements (mainly copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, and molybdenum).

[0041] 4. Root irrigation:

[0042] Ginseng growth period per mu (667m²) 2 Dilute 26 kg of compound microbial agent with an appropriate amount of water for root irrigation (400-500 kg of water for soil moisture below 30%, 200-400 kg of water for soil moisture between 30% and 45%, and 200 kg of water for soil moisture above 45%). Irrigate the roots once in late April and once in late June. Each time you irrigate the roots, you must ensure that the compound microbial agent penetrates into the soil layer around the ginseng roots. This can improve the soil, prevent soil compaction, and promote the growth of ginseng roots.

[0043] 5. Foliar spraying:

[0044] During the ginseng's growth period, spray the plant once each at the mid-leaf expansion, mid-flowering, and green fruit stages with a 100-150 times dilution of compound microbial preparation (1 kg of compound microbial preparation diluted with 100-150 kg of water), applying a suitable amount per acre (667 m²). 2 Using 1 kg of compound microbial preparation can enhance ginseng's photosynthesis, promote the conversion of nutrients, and result in ginseng with strong stems, green leaves, and good growth.

[0045] 6. Maintain a balanced ground temperature:

[0046] Soil temperature directly affects the availability of soil nutrients and the root's absorption capacity. When the soil temperature is suitable, microorganisms can decompose soil organic matter effectively, releasing nutrients for ginseng to utilize.

[0047] This invention uses a 9:9:2 mass ratio of sawdust, rice husks, and compound microbial preparations as a covering material. Specifically, it uses 45% sawdust, 45% rice husks, and 10% compound microbial preparations mixed together. This mass ratio was obtained through experiments and years of experience in ginseng cultivation. This covering material provides excellent insulation and cold protection, preventing ginseng roots from freezing even at -32℃. In late autumn and early spring, fluctuating temperatures and repeated freezing and thawing can easily cause frost damage, caused by sudden temperature changes. This mulch material is breathable, provides insulation and cold protection, balances soil temperature, prevents frost damage, and ensures high ginseng emergence and survival rates.

[0048] This invention involves applying a 50cm thick layer of mixed covering material to the ginseng beds (ridges) in mid-to-late September, then sealing it with plastic film to maintain a balanced soil temperature and extend the ginseng harvesting period. This ginseng covering for frost protection is also known as bed sealing; the beds must be covered with frost protection material before the soil freezes. Experiments have shown that if the covering material is less than 50cm thick, such as 30cm, the ginseng roots are affected by soil freezing and are susceptible to frost damage.

[0049] By maintaining a balanced ground temperature, the ginseng harvesting period has been altered, extending from the usual mid-to-late September to after the Minor Snow solar term in the 24 solar terms. This extended harvesting period increases the accumulation of effective substances in ginseng (such as ginseng polysaccharides), enhances ginseng's cold resistance, effectively prevents ginseng frost damage, improves ginseng quality, and increases the commercial value of ginseng.

[0050] Test case

[0051] Ginseng harvested in September using traditional cultivation methods (without compound microbial agents) and ginseng harvested in December using the cultivation method of this invention (using compound microbial agents) were sent to the workshop for washing, drying, and pulverizing for later use. The starch, reducing sugar, and total sugar contents were then tested. Additionally, the ginseng harvested in December was directly sun-dried and freeze-dried, and the starch, reducing sugar, and total sugar contents were then tested. The starch content was determined according to GB 5009.9-2016, Method II; the reducing sugar content according to GB 5009.9-2016, Method I; and the total sugar content according to GB 5009.8-2016, Method II. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Table 1

[0053]

[0054] The results showed that using the cultivation method of this invention, the total sugar content of ginseng was significantly increased, reaching more than 35%, the cold resistance of ginseng was improved, the harvest period could be extended to December, and the synthesis of effective substances in ginseng was further promoted, thus improving the quality of ginseng.

[0055] The results also showed that, compared with ginseng harvested in September, ginseng harvested in December, without being crushed, had significantly lower starch content in freeze-dried and sun-dried ginseng powder, and the total sugar content could reach more than 31%. Among them, the total sugar content of directly freeze-dried ginseng could reach more than 35%, which can be used as an optimal process for ginseng processing.

[0056] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above description is illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating ginseng with enhanced ginseng polysaccharides, characterized in that, The process includes steps such as fertilizer mixing, seed mixing, soaking, root irrigation, and foliar spraying. All of the above steps use a compound microbial preparation. The compound microbial preparation is a liquid preparation made by liquid culture and fermentation of Lactobacillus casei and Oligosacchari. The ratio of Lactobacillus casei strain to Oligosacchari is 3:1 to 2, and the total number of live Lactobacillus casei and Oligosacchari reaches 260 million / ml. The fertilizer mixing steps include: when preparing the land, add the compound microbial agent to the water at a mass ratio of 1:50, then mix it evenly with the well-rotted organic fertilizer and apply it to the soil as base fertilizer. The well-rotted organic fertilizer includes fermented soybean meal fertilizer and fermented pig manure. The ratio of fermented soybean meal fertilizer to fermented pig manure is 1:10, and the ratio of compound microbial agent to fermented soybean meal fertilizer is 3:

100. The seed treatment process includes: at the time of sowing, use 0.02 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu (667 square meters) to treat 3-4 kg of seeds, dry them in the shade before sowing, resulting in uniform, strong seedlings with vigorous root development; The soaking and planting steps include: when planting ginseng, soak the ginseng in a 50-fold dilution of high-quality ginseng planting compound microbial preparation for half an hour, then take it out and transplant it. Use 1 kg of compound microbial preparation per acre. The root irrigation steps include: during the ginseng growing season, use 26 kg of compound microbial preparation per mu (unit of land area) diluted with an appropriate amount of water for root irrigation, once each at the end of April and at the end of June in spring. When the soil moisture is below 30%, dilute with 400-500 kg of water; when the soil moisture is between 30% and 45%, dilute with 200-400 kg of water; and when the soil moisture is above 45%, dilute with 200 kg of water. The foliar spraying steps include: spraying the ginseng with a 100-150 times dilution of compound microbial preparation once each during the mid-leaf expansion, mid-flowering, and green fruit stages of the ginseng growth period, using 1 kg of compound microbial preparation per acre.

2. The ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standard for high-quality ginseng cultivation is as follows: select first-class ginseng plants that are 4 years old, discard diseased or drooping ginseng plants, and plant them immediately after digging them up. The plant spacing is 10cm and the row spacing is 23cm. Add compound microbial preparation to water at a mass ratio of 1:50 and spray it on the ginseng bed. Maintain the soil moisture of the ginseng bed at 40%~45%. Apply 66.67ml of compound microbial preparation per square meter of ginseng bed and balance the soil pH to 5.5~6.

5.

3. The ginseng cultivation method for improving ginseng polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the step of maintaining a balanced soil temperature in the ginseng field. Specifically, sawdust, rice husks, and compound microbial preparations are mixed and mixed at a mass ratio of 9:9:2 to form a covering material. This mixture is then placed on the ginseng bed in mid-to-late September to a thickness of 50cm and sealed with plastic film to maintain a balanced soil temperature.

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