Multifunctional fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-20 parts of a multifunctional reinforcing agent, 10-15 parts of a composite surfactant, 1-4 parts of a cross-linking agent, 0.5-2 parts of a preservative, 1-3 parts of a cosolvent and 30-60 parts of water. According to the invention, the multifunctional reinforcing agent is added to effectively isolate the reaction with active gas in flame to form inert atmosphere, and the polymer carbon layer has an inhibiting effect on a dripping phenomenon and a good smoke inhibiting effect, so that a multifunctional flame-retardant mechanism is jointly constructed. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is excellent in foaming performance and stability performance, high in fire extinguishing speed and long in anti-after-combustion time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and in particular to a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, the frequency and complexity of fire accidents have increased, posing a serious threat to people's lives and property safety. Traditional fire extinguishing agents are often only suitable for specific types of fires. For example, water-based fire extinguishing agents are mainly used to extinguish Class A fires, while dry powder fire extinguishing agents are more suitable for Class B and Class C fires. However, in actual fire scenes, the types of fires are often diverse, and a single type of fire extinguishing agent is difficult to meet the complex and changing fire extinguishing needs. Therefore, the research and development of multifunctional fire extinguishing agents has become a hot topic in fire science research.

[0003] Multifunctional fire extinguishing agent refers to a fire extinguishing material that can extinguish multiple types of fires (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class F, etc.) simultaneously or sequentially. This type of fire extinguishing agent is usually compounded with multiple fire extinguishing media such as water, foam, dry powder, gas, etc., and has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and wide application range. In the research of multifunctional fire extinguishing agents, the role of additives such as surfactants, foaming agents, stabilizers, and anti-reignition agents has become increasingly prominent. They can significantly improve the performance of fire extinguishing agents and reduce the harm of fire extinguishing agents to the environment and human body.

[0004] At present, the research on multifunctional fire extinguishing agents mainly focuses on the following aspects: first, the optimization of the fire extinguishing agent formula, by adjusting the proportion and type of each component to improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent; second, the development of new fire extinguishing agents, such as nanomaterials, bio-based fire extinguishing agents, etc., to reduce environmental pollution and improve fire extinguishing effects; third, the research on the preparation process of multifunctional fire extinguishing agents, aiming to achieve efficient and green production of fire extinguishing agents; fourth, the research on the application technology of fire extinguishing agents, including its applicability and operation methods in different fire scenarios.

[0005] Although the research on multifunctional fire extinguishing agents has achieved certain results, it still faces many challenges in practical applications, such as fire extinguishing efficiency, environmental protection, storage stability, cost and other issues. Therefore, in the future, the research on multifunctional fire extinguishing agents will pay more attention to the following aspects: first, to improve the environmental protection and biodegradability of fire extinguishing agents and reduce the impact on the environment; second, to improve the fire extinguishing performance of fire extinguishing agents under extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure and other environments; third, to reduce production costs and promote the popularization and application of multifunctional fire extinguishing agents. In short, the research on multifunctional fire extinguishing agents is of great significance to improving fire prevention and control capabilities and protecting people’s lives and property. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, multifunctional fire extinguishing agents will play an increasingly important role in the field of fire safety.

[0006] A Chinese invention patent (application number 202210850062.6) discloses a multifunctional fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The multifunctional fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agent is composed of a compound surfactant, a water-soluble flame retardant, a cosolvent, a preservative, an antibacterial agent, a thickener and water. The compound surfactant used in the compound surfactant is composed of a polyether-modified gemini silicone surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant. Although no fluorine-containing compounds are used in the raw materials of the invention, the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing agent prepared by the invention is not very good, and the stability and foaming properties still need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-20 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 10-15 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 1-4 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, 0.5-2 parts by weight of a preservative, 1-3 parts by weight of a cosolvent and 30-60 parts by weight of water.

[0010] When used alone as a flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate has the disadvantages of strong hygroscopicity, poor dispersibility, easy precipitation, poor compatibility with the matrix, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to perform surface modification on ammonium polyphosphate to improve the compatibility and carbon-forming ability of its flame retardant polymer with the matrix.

[0011] In order to solve the problem of single function of ammonium polyphosphate or low efficiency in extinguishing specific types of fires, the present invention adds a multifunctional enhancer to improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent and reduce the amount of the required fire extinguishing agent. The multifunctional enhancer prepared by the present invention comprises a polymer composed of flame retardant and smoke-suppressing siloxane units. The ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant contained in the ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant can generate phosphoric acid or nitrogen in the process of fire extinguishing. The strong dehydration property promotes the cross-linking and carbonization reaction of the molten oxide to form a phosphorus-rich carbon layer, promotes the dehydration and carbonization of the combustibles, reduces the generation of combustible gas, and effectively prevents the re-ignition of the burning objects. On the other hand, the ammonium salts release a large amount of non-combustible gas, further inhibiting its combustion and causing the molten system to expand and foam. The outer layer is coated with a nitrogen- and silicon-containing flame-retardant polymer, which can improve the flame retardant performance of the ammonium polyphosphate. The two are synergistically coated, and finally the system is gelled and solidified to form a condensed phase expansion carbon layer with good heat insulation and oxygen isolation. The presence of this condensed phase carbon layer effectively prevents the melting decomposition and structural instability of the internal material under high temperature conditions, and effectively isolates it from reacting with the active gas in the flame to form an inert atmosphere. The condensed phase carbon layer has an inhibitory effect on dripping and a good smoke suppression effect, which together construct a multifunctional flame retardant mechanism and greatly improve and enhance the fire extinguishing performance of the water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0012] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0013] S1, dissolving 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and polyformaldehyde in water, adjusting the pH, heating and stirring to react, and obtaining polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0014] S2. Under nitrogen protection, the polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane are mixed, dimethyl sulfoxide and benzoyl peroxide are added, and heated for reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer;

[0015] S3, mixing the above copolymer and dimethyl sulfoxide evenly, and then heating with ammonium phosphate to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0016] Specific reaction mechanism: S1 uses 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and polyformaldehyde as main raw materials, and obtains polyhydroxy divinyl melamine through hydroxylation reaction under heating and stirring conditions; S2 polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane undergo addition polymerization reaction during heating in the presence of an initiator to obtain a copolymer; S3 finally uses the copolymer and ammonium polyphosphate as reaction raw materials, and obtains a multifunctional enhancer through heating and packaging.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0018] S1, dissolving 8-14 parts by weight of 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 15-26 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde in 80-150 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 8.5-9.5, stirring and reacting at 60-80° C. and 300-500 rpm for 50-80 min, distilling under reduced pressure, washing, filtering, and drying to obtain polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0019] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 7-12 parts by weight of the above-mentioned polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and 10-20 parts by weight of trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane are mixed, 100-160 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide are added, and the mixture is stirred at 65-75° C. and 400-800 rpm for reaction for 8-16 hours. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer;

[0020] S3. Evenly mix 5-10 parts by weight of the above copolymer and 80-160 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 4-8 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, stir and react at 70-90° C. and 400-800 rpm for 3-6 hours, filter, wash, dry and crush to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0021] In addition, the composite surfactant can provide a large amount of fine foam in a short time. The foam can absorb fine particles in the air when in the air, and cooperate with the smoke suppressant to quickly eliminate the smoke and dust of high-temperature fires, and quickly cover the surface of the burning object to isolate oxygen, and reduce the ambient temperature to achieve the effect of rapid fire extinguishing. When the foam covers the surface of the burning object, under the action of the smoke suppressant, the foam quickly wets the surface of the burning object, thereby accelerating the flow rate of the foam layer and improving the fire extinguishing efficiency; the composite surfactant and the functional enhancer are effectively combined to effectively inhibit the progress of combustion and play a role in rapid fire extinguishing. Therefore, there is a synergistic effect between the various components of the multifunctional enhancer of the present invention and the composite surfactant, which synergistically increases the performance of fire extinguishing, anti-reignition, foaming, and smoke suppression.

[0022] The composite surfactant is at least one of fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, decyl amidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate, and fluorocarbon surfactant;

[0023] Preferably, the composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:(1-3):(1-3).

[0024] Among the raw materials of fire extinguishing agents, surfactants are key components that can reduce the surface tension of water and enhance the wettability and permeability of water. Adding a small amount of ammonium dodecyl alcohol ether sulfate to surfactants can improve the technical effect of inactivation. Ammonium dodecyl alcohol ether sulfate is an excellent foaming agent that can form stable and lasting foams. These foams can effectively cover the burning materials and isolate oxygen, thereby inhibiting the spread of flames. At the same time, they can also improve the fluidity and dispersibility of fire extinguishing agents, making them easier to evenly distribute in the fire scene, reducing the amount of surfactants used, and thus more effectively covering the fire source.

[0025] The cross-linking agent is any one of dialdehyde, calcium chloride, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and organic boron cross-linking agent.

[0026] The preservative is any one of sodium benzoate, butyl hydroxybenzoate and formaldehyde.

[0027] The co-solvent is at least one of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether and diethylene glycol ethyl ether.

[0028] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 1500-3000 rpm for 3-10 min, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 800-15000 rpm for 2-5 min, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 15-30 min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the invention: The invention provides a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, with a multifunctional enhancer, a composite surfactant, a cross-linking agent, a preservative, a cosolvent and water as main raw materials. Under the interaction of the above components, the fire extinguishing agent has excellent fire extinguishing performance. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent has excellent foaming performance and stability, fast fire extinguishing speed, and long anti-reignition time. The raw materials used in the invention are clean and environmentally friendly, do not pollute the environment, have low cost, are simple and convenient to prepare, and are convenient for industrial production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The above content of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation modes, but this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments.

[0031] Introduction of some raw materials in this application:

[0032] Paraformaldehyde was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., product number: C104188-100g.

[0033] Ammonium polyphosphate was purchased from Qingdao Tengyun Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., model: TY-1324APP.

[0034] Fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3, CAS number: 151772-58-6.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 12 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 2 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 1 part by weight of a preservative, 2 parts by weight of a co-solvent and 40 parts by weight of water.

[0037] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0038] S1, dissolving 10 parts by weight of 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 20 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde in 100 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 9, stirring and reacting at 70° C. and 400 rpm for 60 min, distilling under reduced pressure, washing, filtering, and drying to obtain polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0039] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 10 parts by weight of the above-mentioned polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and 15 parts by weight of trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane were mixed, 120 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide were added, and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. and 600 rpm for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer;

[0040] S3. Evenly mix 8 parts by weight of the above copolymer and 120 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 6 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, stir and react at 80° C. and 600 rpm for 4 hours, filter, wash, dry and crush to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0041] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:2:2.

[0042] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0043] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0044] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0045] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 3 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 10 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 1 part by weight of a cross-linking agent, 0.5 parts by weight of a preservative, 1 part by weight of a cosolvent and 30 parts by weight of water.

[0048] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0049] S1, dissolving 8 parts by weight of 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 15 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde in 80 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 8.5, stirring and reacting at 60° C. and 300 rpm for 50 min, distilling under reduced pressure, washing, filtering, and drying to obtain polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0050] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 7 parts by weight of the above-mentioned polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and 10 parts by weight of trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane were mixed, 100 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.1 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide were added, and the mixture was stirred at 65° C. and 400 rpm for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer;

[0051] S3. Evenly mix 5 parts by weight of the above copolymer and 80 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 4 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, stir and react at 70° C. and 400 rpm for 3 hours, filter, wash, dry and crush to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0052] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0053] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0054] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0055] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0056] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 1500 rpm for 3 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 800 rpm for 2 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 15 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 15 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 4 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 2 parts by weight of a preservative, 3 parts by weight of a co-solvent and 60 parts by weight of water.

[0059] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0060] S1, dissolving 14 parts by weight of 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 26 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde in 150 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 9.5, stirring and reacting at 80° C. and 500 rpm for 80 min, distilling under reduced pressure, washing, filtering, and drying to obtain polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0061] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 12 parts by weight of the above-mentioned polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and 20 parts by weight of trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane were mixed, 160 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.3 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide were added, and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. and 800 rpm for 16 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer;

[0062] S3. Evenly mix 10 parts by weight of the above copolymer and 160 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 8 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, stir and react at 90° C. and 800 rpm for 6 hours, filter, wash, dry and crush to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0063] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:3:3.

[0064] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0065] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0066] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0067] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 12 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 2 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 1 part by weight of a preservative, 2 parts by weight of a co-solvent and 40 parts by weight of water.

[0070] The multifunctional reinforcing agent is ammonium polyphosphate.

[0071] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:2:2.

[0072] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0073] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0074] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0075] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 3 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 12 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 2 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 1 part by weight of a preservative, 2 parts by weight of a co-solvent and 40 parts by weight of water.

[0078] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows: 8 parts by weight of trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane and 120 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide are uniformly mixed, and then 6 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate are added, and the mixture is stirred at 80° C. and 600 rpm for 4 hours, and then filtered, washed, dried, and crushed to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0079] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:2:2.

[0080] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0081] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0082] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0083] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 3 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 12 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 2 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 1 part by weight of a preservative, 2 parts by weight of a co-solvent and 40 parts by weight of water.

[0086] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0087] S1, dissolving 10 parts by weight of 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 20 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde in 100 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 9, stirring and reacting at 70° C. and 400 rpm for 60 min, distilling under reduced pressure, washing, filtering, and drying to obtain polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0088] S2. Evenly mix 8 parts by weight of the above-mentioned polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and 120 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 6 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, stir and react at 80° C. and 600 rpm for 4 hours, filter, wash, dry and crush to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0089] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:2:2.

[0090] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0091] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0092] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0093] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 3 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0094] Comparative Example 4

[0095] A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 12 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 2 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent, 1 part by weight of a preservative, 2 parts by weight of a co-solvent and 40 parts by weight of water.

[0096] The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows:

[0097] S1, dissolving 10 parts by weight of 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 20 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde in 100 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 9, stirring and reacting at 70° C. and 400 rpm for 60 min, distilling under reduced pressure, washing, filtering, and drying to obtain polyhydroxy divinyl melamine;

[0098] S2. Under nitrogen protection, 10 parts by weight of the above-mentioned polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and 15 parts by weight of trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane were mixed, 120 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide were added, and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. and 600 rpm for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer;

[0099] S3. Evenly mix 8 parts by weight of the above copolymer and 120 parts by weight of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 6 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, stir and react at 80° C. and 600 rpm for 4 hours, filter, wash, dry and crush to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

[0100] The composite surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine and fluorocarbon surfactant FN-3 in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0101] The cross-linking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0102] The preservative is sodium benzoate.

[0103] The cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

[0104] The preparation method of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, stirring at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes, adding a multifunctional enhancer, stirring at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 3 minutes, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing to stir for 20 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

[0105] Test Example 1

[0106] Fire extinguishing performance test: The multifunctional fire extinguishing agents in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to fire extinguishing and anti-burning experiments, using a circular steel oil pan with a size of 30*30*5 cm, an anti-burning tank with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 5 cm; the fuel used was anhydrous ethanol.

[0107] The specific fire extinguishing steps are as follows: pour 1000L of anhydrous ethanol into the oil pan and ignite it; after pre-burning for 1 minute, extinguish the fire in the same way; record the moment when the flame is completely extinguished, which is the fire extinguishing time. Perform 3 parallel tests for each group and take the average value. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0108] Table 1 Fire extinguishing performance test

[0109] Fire extinguishing time / s Example 1 40 Example 2 46 Example 3 44 Comparative Example 1 132 Comparative Example 2 119 Comparative Example 3 93 Comparative Example 4 71

[0110] Test Example 2

[0111] Physical and chemical performance test: With reference to the national standard GB15308-2006 "Foam Fire Extinguishing Agent", the physical and chemical performance test of the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples 1-4 was carried out. Each group was tested 3 times and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0112] Table 2 Physical and chemical properties test

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] From the above results, it can be seen that the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent prepared by the present invention has excellent fire extinguishing performance, good foaming performance and stability, and fast fire extinguishing speed. The present invention improves the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent by adding a multifunctional enhancer to reduce the amount of the required fire extinguishing agent. The multifunctional enhancer prepared by the present invention comprises a polymer composed of flame retardant and smoke-suppressing siloxane units. The ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant contained in the ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant can generate phosphoric acid or nitrogen in the process of fire extinguishing. The strong dehydration property promotes the cross-linking and carbonization reaction of the molten oxide to form a phosphorus-rich carbon layer, promotes the dehydration and carbonization of the combustibles, reduces the generation of combustible gas, and effectively prevents the re-ignition of the burning objects. On the other hand, the ammonium salts release a large amount of non-combustible gas, further inhibiting its combustion and causing the molten system to expand and foam. The outer layer is coated with a nitrogen- and silicon-containing flame-retardant polymer, which can improve the flame retardant performance of the ammonium polyphosphate. The two are synergistically coated, and finally the system is gelled and solidified to form a condensed phase expansion carbon layer with good heat insulation and oxygen isolation. The presence of this condensed phase carbon layer effectively prevents the melting decomposition and structural instability of the internal material under high temperature conditions, and effectively isolates it from reacting with the active gas in the flame to form an inert atmosphere. The condensed phase carbon layer has an inhibitory effect on dripping and a good smoke suppression effect, which together construct a multifunctional flame retardant mechanism and greatly improve and enhance the fire extinguishing performance of the water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0116] In addition, the composite surfactant can provide a large amount of fine foam in a short time. The foam can absorb fine particles in the air when in the air, and cooperate with the smoke suppressant to quickly eliminate the smoke and dust of high-temperature fires, and quickly cover the surface of the burning object to isolate oxygen, and reduce the ambient temperature to achieve the effect of rapid fire extinguishing. When the foam covers the surface of the burning object, under the action of the smoke suppressant, the foam quickly wets the surface of the burning object, thereby accelerating the flow rate of the foam layer and improving the fire extinguishing efficiency; the composite surfactant and the functional enhancer are effectively combined to effectively inhibit the progress of combustion and play a role in rapid fire extinguishing. Therefore, there is a synergistic effect between the various components of the multifunctional enhancer of the present invention and the composite surfactant, which synergistically increases the performance of fire extinguishing, anti-reignition, foaming, and smoke suppression.

[0117] Adding a small amount of ammonium lauryl ether sulfate to the surfactant can improve the technical effect of inactivation. Ammonium lauryl ether sulfate is an excellent foaming agent that can form stable and lasting foam. These foams can effectively cover the burning materials and isolate oxygen, thereby inhibiting the spread of flames. At the same time, it can also improve the fluidity and dispersibility of the fire extinguishing agent, making it easier to distribute evenly in the fire scene, reducing the amount of surfactant used, and thus more effectively covering the fire source.

Claims

1. A multifunctional fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-20 parts by weight of a multifunctional enhancer, 10-15 parts by weight of a composite surfactant, 1-4 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, 0.5-2 parts by weight of a preservative, 1-3 parts by weight of a cosolvent and 30-60 parts by weight of water.

2. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the multifunctional enhancer is as follows: S1, dissolving 2,4-diamino-6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine and polyformaldehyde in water, adjusting the pH, heating and stirring to react, and obtaining polyhydroxy divinyl melamine; S2. Under nitrogen protection, the polyhydroxy divinyl melamine and trimethoxy (7-octen-1-yl) silane are mixed, dimethyl sulfoxide and benzoyl peroxide are added, and heated for reaction. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is placed in ether for precipitation, filtered, and dried to obtain a copolymer; S3, mixing the above copolymer and dimethyl sulfoxide evenly, and then heating with ammonium phosphate to obtain a multifunctional enhancer.

3. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step S1, the heating temperature is 60-80° C., the stirring speed is 300-500 rpm, and the stirring time is 50-80 min.

4. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating temperature in S2 is 65-75° C., the stirring speed is 400-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 8-16 h.

5. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating temperature in S3 is 70-90° C., the stirring speed is 400-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 3-6 h.

6. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite surfactant is at least one of fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, decyl amide propyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, ammonium lauryl alcohol ether sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant.

7. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is any one of dialdehyde, calcium chloride, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and organic boron cross-linking agent.

8. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preservative is any one of sodium benzoate, butyl hydroxybenzoate and formaldehyde.

9. The multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The co-solvent is at least one of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether and diethylene glycol ethyl ether.

10. The method for preparing the multifunctional fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing water and a composite surfactant, adding a multifunctional enhancer and stirring, then adding a crosslinking agent, a preservative and a cosolvent, continuing stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a multifunctional fire extinguishing agent.

Images