Tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twinning

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twinning, and relates to the technical field of dynamic disaster monitoring, and the system comprises the steps: obtaining the strain, ground surface settlement and underground water level of a tunnel under a dynamic load, and the strength and stiffness data of the tunnel; extracting the inherent frequency and the damping ratio of the tunnel, and generating a dynamic response index; calculating average strain, settlement and underground water level, and generating a stability index and a structure influence index; and generating a disaster assessment model by combining the indexes to form a disaster assessment index. The tunnel structure under the dynamic load effect is comprehensively monitored and evaluated in real time, the disaster evaluation model is generated by using the dynamic response index, the stability index and the structure influence index, various key parameters of the tunnel are fully considered, and potential risks can be quickly identified, so that support is provided for decision making.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dynamic disaster monitoring, and in particular to a tunnel rock dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twins. Background Art

[0002] Traditional tunnel monitoring technologies mostly rely on fixed sensors and regular manual inspections, which have the problems of low monitoring frequency and slow response. This method that relies on static monitoring methods often fails to capture the actual status of the tunnel structure in a dynamic environment, resulting in potential risks being ignored.

[0003] In addition, existing monitoring technologies also have significant deficiencies in data processing and analysis capabilities. Many systems can only provide local strain, settlement and other data, and lack real-time evaluation of the overall structural response under dynamic loads. Due to the lack of comprehensive dynamic response analysis, it is difficult to effectively judge the true performance of the tunnel when it is subjected to external impact, resulting in a one-sided understanding of the tunnel's safety status. At the same time, the existing system's lack of capabilities in data fusion and multi-index comprehensive evaluation has resulted in the failure to effectively quantify the relationship between different parameters, affecting the accuracy of the overall safety assessment. These technical problems make tunnel monitoring work appear stretched in the face of a complex external environment, increase the risk of disasters, and have a negative impact on the efficiency and scientific nature of emergency response, which in turn affects the effectiveness of tunnel safety operations and management decisions.

[0004] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel rock dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin, specifically comprising: A data acquisition module is used to obtain key parameters of the tunnel to be evaluated when it is subjected to dynamic loads, including strain, surface settlement, and groundwater level, and to obtain strength data and stiffness data of the tunnel to be evaluated. The strength data is the ratio of the mass of steel bars and the mass of concrete used in the tunnel structure, and the stiffness data includes the average elastic modulus and average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel; A dynamic response module is used to obtain dynamic response data of a tunnel when it is subjected to a dynamic load. The dynamic response characteristics are the natural frequency of the tunnel and the damping ratio of the entire vibration system. The natural frequency and the damping ratio are subjected to correlation analysis to generate a dynamic response index. The data processing module formulates a calculation model based on the key parameters obtained, calculates the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level using the calculation model, generates a stability index based on the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level, and generates a structural impact index based on the strength data and stiffness data of the tunnel; The index generation module combines the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index to generate a disaster assessment model for the tunnel, generates weights in the disaster assessment model through the analytic hierarchy process, and uses the disaster assessment model to generate a disaster assessment index for the tunnel to be assessed; The comprehensive assessment module compares the disaster assessment index with the preset safety threshold, evaluates the current risk level based on the comparison results, and takes corresponding early warning measures.

[0007] Furthermore, the key parameters of the tunnel to be evaluated under dynamic loads, including strain, surface settlement, and groundwater level, are obtained based on the following specific logic: Strain gauges are installed on the top and side walls of the tunnel structure. When the tunnel is subjected to dynamic loads, the length change of each strain gauge under load is collected, and the strain is calculated using the following formula: ; in, For strain, is the length change of the strain gauge under load, is the initial length of the strain gauge, Set up settlement markers, install them on the top and at both ends of the tunnel, and use a level to measure when the tunnel is subject to dynamic loads: ; in, For surface subsidence, is the initial height, is the final height; The water level gauges are installed in the monitoring wells at both ends of the tunnel and above the tunnel. The groundwater level is calculated using the following formula when the tunnel is subjected to dynamic loads: ; in, is the groundwater level, is the ground height, To measure the water level; The specific logic for collecting intensity data is: Obtain the total concrete mass and total steel mass used to construct the tunnel to be evaluated, and generate the ratio of the steel mass to the concrete mass used in the tunnel structure as strength data, based on the formula: ; in, is the strength data of the tunnel, is the total steel mass used in the tunnel, Total mass of concrete used for the tunnel; The specific logic for collecting tunnel stiffness data is as follows: ; in, is the average elastic modulus of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the average elastic modulus of the steel type used in the tunnel, The average elastic modulus of the concrete type used in the tunnel; ; in, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel to be evaluated, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel types used in the tunnel, is the average Poisson's ratio of the concrete type used in the tunnel.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific logic for collecting the natural frequency of the tunnel is: Install the accelerometer on the top of the tunnel to ensure good contact between the accelerometer and the tunnel. Use a vibration device to record the time domain signal output by the accelerometer in real time. Apply fast Fourier transform to extract the frequency characteristics from the time domain signal and find the frequency with the largest amplitude, which is the natural frequency of the tunnel. ; The vibration system refers to a complete structural system including the tunnel and its surrounding soil. The damping ratio of the entire vibration system is collected based on the following specific logic: when the tunnel is subjected to dynamic load, its free vibration response is recorded, its vibration signal is recorded using an accelerometer, the vibration signal is analyzed, and the attenuation of the vibration amplitude over time is observed. For each group of two adjacent peaks, the damping ratio is calculated by calculating the amplitude ratio of the adjacent peaks: ; in, is the damping ratio, and is the amplitude of two adjacent peaks. The damping ratios of all groups are averaged and taken as the damping ratio of the entire vibration system, denoted as ; The formula for generating the dynamic response index is as follows: ; in, is the dynamic response index, is the natural frequency of the tunnel, The preset scale factor is is the damping ratio, is its preset proportionality factor, and .

[0009] Furthermore, the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level are calculated using the following formulas: ; in, is the average strain, n is the number of strain gauges, is the strain value of the i-th strain gauge; ; in, is the average settlement, m is the number of settlement marks, is the surface settlement calculated according to the jth settlement mark; ; in, is the average groundwater level, is the number of water level gauges, For the Groundwater level at a water level gauge; Obtain the safe strain threshold, safe settlement threshold, and safe water level threshold, and generate the stability index according to the following formula: ; in, is the stability index, is the average strain, is the average settlement, is the average groundwater level, , , is the preset scaling factor, and , , and They are safety strain threshold, safety settlement threshold and safety water level threshold respectively; The formula for generating the structural impact index is: ; in, is the structural impact index, is the strength data of the tunnel, is the average elastic modulus of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the preset scaling factor, .

[0010] Furthermore, the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index are combined to generate a tunnel disaster assessment model, and the model expression is as follows: ; in, is the disaster assessment index, is the dynamic response index, is the stability index, is the structural impact index, , , is the proportionality coefficient.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific logic of generating the weights in the disaster assessment model through the hierarchical analysis method is as follows: The three indicators of dynamic response index, structural impact index and stability index are marked, and the relative importance values ​​between them are determined by the nine-scale method to construct a judgment matrix, in which the index of the dynamic response index is marked as 1, the index of the structural impact index is marked as 2, and the index of the stability index is marked as 3. The constructed judgment matrix is: = ; Among them, f and v both represent the index of the index, and , represents the importance of the index f relative to the index v, and , ; Each element value in the judgment matrix is ​​divided by the sum of its columns to obtain the normalized judgment matrix. The mean of the element values ​​in each row of the normalized judgment matrix is ​​calculated, and the mean of the element values ​​in the first row is used as the weight of the dynamic response index, the mean of the element values ​​in the second row is used as the weight of the structural impact index, and the mean of the element values ​​in the third row is used as the weight of the stability index. The three weights are scaled in equal proportions with the constraint that the sum of the scaled values ​​is equal to 1, and the scaled weights are used as the proportional coefficients of the corresponding indexes.

[0012] Furthermore, the disaster assessment index is compared with the preset safety threshold: like , determine that the current tunnel is in a safe state, continue monitoring, and update data regularly; like , determine that the tunnel is currently in a state of alert, increase monitoring frequency, pay attention to tunnel operation, conduct local inspections, and assess potential hazards; like , determine that the current tunnel is in a dangerous state, respond urgently, activate the emergency plan, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the tunnel, and analyze the cause of the disaster; in, is the disaster assessment index, It is a preset assessment threshold, and its specific value is determined based on historical data analysis and expert evaluation.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention conducts comprehensive and real-time monitoring and evaluation of tunnel structures under dynamic loads, generates a disaster assessment model using dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index, fully considers various key parameters of the tunnel, and can quickly identify potential risks, thereby providing support for decision-making. At the same time, the monitoring system also has early warning and emergency response functions, and can take corresponding measures in time when the tunnel is in a warning or dangerous state to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel, reduce the possibility of disasters, and reduce human and property losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0016] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0017] Example: See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin, which specifically includes: A data acquisition module is used to obtain key parameters of the tunnel to be evaluated when it is subjected to dynamic loads, including strain, surface settlement, and groundwater level, and to obtain strength data and stiffness data of the tunnel to be evaluated. The strength data is the ratio of the mass of steel bars and the mass of concrete used in the tunnel structure, and the stiffness data includes the average elastic modulus and average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel; In this embodiment, key parameters of the tunnel to be evaluated when subjected to dynamic loads are obtained, including strain, surface settlement, and groundwater level, based on the specific logic as follows: Strain gauges are installed on the top and side walls of the tunnel structure. When the tunnel is subjected to dynamic loads, the length change of each strain gauge under load is collected, and the strain is calculated using the following formula: ; in, For strain, is the length change of the strain gauge under load, is the initial length of the strain gauge, Set up settlement markers, install them on the top and at both ends of the tunnel, and use a level to measure when the tunnel is subject to dynamic loads: ; in, For surface subsidence, is the initial height, is the final height; The water level gauges are installed in the monitoring wells at both ends of the tunnel and above the tunnel. The groundwater level is calculated using the following formula when the tunnel is subjected to dynamic loads: ; in, is the groundwater level, is the ground height, To measure the water level; The specific logic for collecting intensity data is: Obtain the total concrete mass and total steel mass used to construct the tunnel to be evaluated, and generate the ratio of the steel mass to the concrete mass used in the tunnel structure as strength data, based on the formula: ; in, is the strength data of the tunnel, is the total steel mass used in the tunnel, Total mass of concrete used for the tunnel; The specific logic for collecting tunnel stiffness data is as follows: ; in, is the average elastic modulus of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the average elastic modulus of the steel type used in the tunnel, The average elastic modulus of the concrete type used in the tunnel; ; in, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel to be evaluated, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel types used in the tunnel, is the average Poisson's ratio of the concrete type used in the tunnel.

[0018] The advantage of the data acquisition module lies in its comprehensive data acquisition capabilities. By acquiring key parameters of the tunnel under dynamic loads, including strain, surface settlement, groundwater level, strength and stiffness data, it can provide detailed basic data for subsequent dynamic response analysis. This systematic acquisition method ensures the real-time and accuracy of monitoring, and can effectively reflect the real state of the tunnel under actual operation and external influences, surpassing the limitations of traditional monitoring technology and avoiding safety hazards caused by insufficient data.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this step are mainly reflected in the comprehensiveness and real-time nature of the data. Traditional monitoring methods usually rely on fixed sensors and regular inspections, and lack dynamic and comprehensive monitoring capabilities. This step significantly improves the intelligence level of monitoring by setting up a variety of sensors to collect multi-dimensional data in real time, so that potential risks can be identified and warned in a timely manner, reducing the probability of tunnel accidents. In this patent solution, the use of this module can effectively promote the implementation efficiency and safety of the overall solution. By achieving comprehensive dynamic monitoring, the subsequent dynamic response module and data processing module can analyze and evaluate based on more detailed and accurate data, thereby improving the scientificity and reliability of the disaster assessment model. This not only enhances the real-time assessment capability of the tunnel safety status, but also provides a more reliable basis for decision-making, thereby promoting the intelligent process of tunnel safety management.

[0020] A dynamic response module is used to obtain dynamic response data of a tunnel when it is subjected to a dynamic load. The dynamic response characteristics are the natural frequency of the tunnel and the damping ratio of the entire vibration system. The natural frequency and the damping ratio are subjected to correlation analysis to generate a dynamic response index. In this embodiment, the specific logic for collecting the natural frequency of the tunnel is: Install the accelerometer on the top of the tunnel to ensure good contact between the accelerometer and the tunnel. Use a vibration device to record the time domain signal output by the accelerometer in real time. Apply fast Fourier transform to extract the frequency characteristics from the time domain signal and find the frequency with the largest amplitude, which is the natural frequency of the tunnel. ; The vibration system refers to a complete structural system including the tunnel and its surrounding soil. The damping ratio of the entire vibration system is collected based on the following specific logic: when the tunnel is subjected to dynamic load, its free vibration response is recorded, its vibration signal is recorded using an accelerometer, the vibration signal is analyzed, and the attenuation of the vibration amplitude over time is observed. For each group of two adjacent peaks, the damping ratio is calculated by calculating the amplitude ratio of the adjacent peaks: ; in, is the damping ratio, and is the amplitude of two adjacent peaks. The damping ratios of all groups are averaged and taken as the damping ratio of the entire vibration system, denoted as ; The formula for generating the dynamic response index is as follows: ; in, is the dynamic response index, is the natural frequency of the tunnel, The preset scale factor is is the damping ratio, is its preset proportionality factor, and This is because the natural frequency directly reflects the stiffness characteristics of the system, while the damping ratio mainly affects the characteristics of the dynamic response and energy dissipation. Comprehensive consideration of these two parameters can more comprehensively evaluate the dynamic performance of the tunnel, but in terms of the direct impact of stiffness, the natural frequency is more critical. When it increases, it indicates that the structure has stronger stiffness in the vertical direction, which is beneficial to the bearing capacity and seismic performance. Increase; when When the damping ratio increases, the system's response to dynamic loads decays faster. A high damping ratio can reduce the duration of vibration and reduce potential damage to the structure. Therefore, the dynamic response index Increase; that is, , Dynamic Response Index There is a positive correlation.

[0021] The advantage of the dynamic response module is that it can obtain the dynamic response data of the tunnel under dynamic loads in real time, including natural frequency and damping ratio. This module enables the monitoring system to more accurately assess the health status of the tunnel and identify possible safety hazards in a timely manner by performing a detailed analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the tunnel structure. By analyzing the dynamic response characteristics, we can better understand the response of the tunnel under different loads and environmental conditions, thereby providing reliable data support for subsequent risk assessment.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the dynamic response module is reflected in its improved monitoring accuracy and real-time performance. Traditional monitoring methods often rely on static data and cannot quickly adapt to changes in the external environment. This module can effectively capture the instantaneous changes of the tunnel through real-time collection and analysis of dynamic data, enhance the response capability to emergencies, and thus significantly reduce potential risks. In this patent solution, the use of a dynamic response module can effectively promote the scientificity and systematicness of the overall solution. By providing real-time dynamic response data, subsequent data processing and disaster assessment modules can more accurately analyze the actual conditions of the tunnel and improve the reliability and effectiveness of the disaster assessment model. This integration enables the entire monitoring system to respond more flexibly when faced with complex dynamic environments, thereby enhancing the safety assurance capabilities of the tunnel.

[0023] The data processing module formulates a calculation model based on the key parameters obtained, calculates the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level using the calculation model, generates a stability index based on the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level, and generates a structural impact index based on the strength data and stiffness data of the tunnel; In this embodiment, the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level are calculated using the following formula: ; in, is the average strain, n is the number of strain gauges, is the strain value of the i-th strain gauge;

[0024] in, is the average settlement, m is the number of settlement marks, is the surface settlement calculated according to the jth settlement mark; ; in, is the average groundwater level, is the number of water level gauges, For the Groundwater level at a water level gauge; The stability index is generated according to the following formula: ; in, is the stability index, is the average strain, is the average settlement, is the average groundwater level, , , is the preset scaling factor, and This is because the strain of the material is the factor that most directly affects the safety of the structure. Excessive strain may lead to structural failure, so it should be given a higher weight; settlement is another important indicator of structural stability, especially during tunnel construction or operation. Excessive settlement may cause deformation and safety hazards, so a certain weight is required; although the groundwater level has an impact on tunnel stability, its impact is relatively indirect and may be masked by other factors (such as strain or settlement) in some situations, so the weight can be relatively small; , and They are the safe strain threshold, safe settlement threshold and safe water level threshold, and their specific values ​​are determined based on historical data analysis and expert evaluation.

[0025] The formula for generating the structural impact index is: ; in, is the structural impact index, is the strength data of the tunnel, is the average elastic modulus of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the preset scaling factor, , whose specific value is determined based on historical data and expert evaluation. As a scaling factor, you can adjust The magnitude of the structure impact index is in line with the actual engineering requirements and standards, and the generated structure impact index is ensured to be at the same magnitude as other related indicators, thus facilitating comprehensive evaluation. or When it increases, it means that the stiffness of the tunnel is greater and the tunnel structure is stronger, so the structural influence index Increase; when When it increases, it means that the Poisson's ratio of the material is larger, which means that it is more likely to deform when subjected to force, so Decrease; that is, , Structural Impact Index There is a positive correlation, Structural Impact Index There is a negative correlation.

[0026] The advantage of the data processing module is that it can comprehensively analyze the various key parameters collected and effectively generate stability index and structural impact index through calculation models. This process not only integrates strain, settlement, groundwater level, strength and stiffness data, but also provides a comprehensive assessment of the overall health status of the tunnel structure, enabling the monitoring system to make more accurate judgments in a dynamic environment.

[0027] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effect of this module is reflected in its improved efficiency of data utilization and monitoring accuracy. Traditional monitoring methods often process various data in a decentralized manner and lack systematic analysis. This module, by establishing a calculation model, can correlate and integrate various data to provide more reliable evaluation results, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness of tunnel safety monitoring. In this patent solution, the use of a data processing module can effectively promote the scientificity and operability of the overall solution. By generating a stability index and a structural impact index, the monitoring system can provide key indicators for subsequent disaster assessment models. These indicators not only reflect the current operating status of the tunnel, but also help to quickly identify potential risks and provide strong data support for the comprehensive evaluation module. Such integration enables the entire tunnel monitoring system to adapt to changes more flexibly when facing complex dynamic environments, thereby improving the safety management level of the tunnel.

[0028] The index generation module combines the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index to generate a disaster assessment model for the tunnel, generates weights in the disaster assessment model through the analytic hierarchy process, and uses the disaster assessment model to generate a disaster assessment index for the tunnel to be assessed; In this embodiment, the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index are combined to generate a disaster assessment model for the tunnel. The model expression is as follows: ; in, is the disaster assessment index, is the dynamic response index, is the stability index, is the structural impact index, , , is the proportionality coefficient. When it increases, it means that when the dynamic response of the tunnel structure becomes more sensitive, the disaster assessment index will decrease; when the structural impact index increases, it implies that the safety of the structure is improved, and the disaster assessment index will decrease; when the stability index When it increases, it means that the stability of the tunnel is getting worse, and the disaster assessment index will increase; that is, , and Negatively correlated, and There is a positive correlation.

[0029] The specific logic of generating weights in the disaster assessment model through the analytic hierarchy process is as follows: The three indicators of dynamic response index, structural impact index and stability index are marked, and the relative importance values ​​between them are determined by the nine-scale method to construct a judgment matrix, in which the index of the dynamic response index is marked as 1, the index of the structural impact index is marked as 2, and the index of the stability index is marked as 3. The constructed judgment matrix is: = ; Among them, f and v both represent the index of the index, and , represents the importance of the index f relative to the index v, and , ; Each element value in the judgment matrix is ​​divided by the sum of its columns to obtain the normalized judgment matrix. The mean of the element values ​​in each row of the normalized judgment matrix is ​​calculated, and the mean of the element values ​​in the first row is used as the weight of the dynamic response index, the mean of the element values ​​in the second row is used as the weight of the structural impact index, and the mean of the element values ​​in the third row is used as the weight of the stability index. The three weights are scaled in equal proportions with the constraint that the sum of the scaled values ​​is equal to 1, and the scaled weights are used as the proportional coefficients of the corresponding indexes.

[0030] The advantage of the index generation module is that it can effectively integrate the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index to generate a comprehensive disaster assessment model. This module not only simplifies the analysis process of multi-dimensional data, but also combines various influencing factors in a quantitative way to generate a unified disaster assessment index, providing decision makers with intuitive risk assessment results.

[0031] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effect of this module is that it improves the accuracy and reliability of disaster assessment. Traditional methods can only analyze each indicator separately, lack a global perspective, and easily lead to one-sided judgments. This module improves the grasp of the overall health status of the tunnel by systematically integrating various indicators, enabling the monitoring system to better identify potential risks in complex environments. In this patent solution, the use of an index generation module can effectively promote the accuracy and practicality of the overall solution. By generating a comprehensive disaster assessment index, the monitoring system can not only respond to emergencies more quickly, but also provide solid data support for subsequent risk management and early warning measures, thereby improving the safety management level of the tunnel and ensuring the reliable operation of the tunnel.

[0032] The comprehensive assessment module compares the disaster assessment index with the preset safety threshold, evaluates the current risk level based on the comparison results, and takes corresponding early warning measures; In this embodiment, the disaster assessment index is compared with a preset safety threshold: like , determine that the current tunnel is in a safe state, continue monitoring, and update data regularly; like , determine that the tunnel is currently in a state of alert, increase monitoring frequency, pay attention to tunnel operation, conduct local inspections, and assess potential hazards; like , determine that the current tunnel is in a dangerous state, respond urgently, activate the emergency plan, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the tunnel, and analyze the cause of the disaster; in, is the disaster assessment index, It is a preset assessment threshold, and its specific value is determined based on historical data analysis and expert evaluation.

[0033] The advantage of the comprehensive assessment module is that it can effectively integrate various indicators and data, and provide real-time risk level assessment by comparing the disaster assessment index with the preset safety threshold. This module not only enhances the decision support capability of the monitoring system, but also can take corresponding early warning measures in time according to the risk assessment results to ensure the safety of tunnel operation.

[0034] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of this module are reflected in its real-time and accuracy. Traditional monitoring systems often rely on decentralized data analysis, which makes it difficult to reflect potential risks in a timely manner. The comprehensive assessment module makes risk assessment more comprehensive and flexible through systematic analysis and decision-making mechanisms, and can identify safety hazards more quickly in a dynamic environment. In this patent solution, the use of a comprehensive assessment module can effectively promote the systematic and scientific nature of the overall solution. Through real-time risk assessment and early warning, the monitoring system not only improves the grasp of the health status of the tunnel, but also provides a solid foundation for subsequent safety management and maintenance measures, ensuring the stable operation of the tunnel in a complex environment, thereby effectively reducing potential safety risks.

[0035] In the formula, c, d, The specific value of is generally determined by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions. The technicians in this field collect multiple groups of sample data, set corresponding preset proportional coefficients for each group of sample data, substitute the preset proportional coefficients and the collected sample data into the formula, observe the accuracy of the model output and the rationality of the results through repeated experiments and parameter adjustments, gradually adjust these factor coefficients, and compare the performance and effect of the model under different parameter settings to find the optimal coefficient combination, screen the calculated factor coefficients and take the average, and obtain c, d, The value of .

[0036] In addition, the size of the preset factor coefficient is to quantify each parameter to obtain a specific value. In order to facilitate subsequent comparison, the size of the coefficient depends on the amount of sample data and the preset proportional coefficient initially set by technical personnel in this field for each set of sample data. It is not unique as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0037] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0038] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0039] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0040] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin, characterized in that: Specifically include: A data acquisition module is used to obtain key parameters of the tunnel to be evaluated when it is subjected to dynamic loads, including strain, surface settlement, and groundwater level, and to obtain strength data and stiffness data of the tunnel to be evaluated. The strength data is the ratio of the mass of steel bars and the mass of concrete used in the tunnel structure, and the stiffness data includes the average elastic modulus and average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel; A dynamic response module is used to obtain dynamic response data of a tunnel when it is subjected to a dynamic load. The dynamic response characteristics are the natural frequency of the tunnel and the damping ratio of the entire vibration system. The natural frequency and the damping ratio are subjected to correlation analysis to generate a dynamic response index. The data processing module formulates a calculation model based on the key parameters obtained, calculates the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level using the calculation model, generates a stability index based on the average strain, average settlement and average groundwater level, and generates a structural impact index based on the strength data and stiffness data of the tunnel; The index generation module combines the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index to generate a disaster assessment model for the tunnel, generates weights in the disaster assessment model through the analytic hierarchy process, and uses the disaster assessment model to generate a disaster assessment index for the tunnel to be assessed; The comprehensive assessment module compares the disaster assessment index with the preset safety threshold, evaluates the current risk level based on the comparison results, and takes corresponding early warning measures.

2. According to the digital twin-based tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system of claim 1, it is characterized by: The key parameters of the tunnel to be evaluated under dynamic loads, including strain, surface settlement, and groundwater level, are obtained based on the following specific logic: Strain gauges are installed on the top and side walls of the tunnel structure. When the tunnel is subjected to dynamic loads, the length change of each strain gauge under load is collected, and the strain is calculated using the following formula: ； in, For strain, is the length change of the strain gauge under load, is the initial length of the strain gauge, Set up settlement markers, install them on the top and at both ends of the tunnel, and use a level to measure when the tunnel is subject to dynamic loads: ； in, For surface subsidence, is the initial height, is the final height; The water level gauges are installed in the monitoring wells at both ends of the tunnel and above the tunnel. The groundwater level is calculated using the following formula when the tunnel is subjected to dynamic loads: ； in, is the groundwater level, is the ground height, To measure the water level; The specific logic for collecting intensity data is: Obtain the total concrete mass and total steel mass used to construct the tunnel to be evaluated, and generate the ratio of the steel mass to the concrete mass used in the tunnel structure as strength data, based on the formula: ； in, is the strength data of the tunnel, is the total steel mass used in the tunnel, Total mass of concrete used for the tunnel; The specific logic for collecting tunnel stiffness data is as follows: ； in, is the average elastic modulus of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the average elastic modulus of the steel type used in the tunnel, The average elastic modulus of the concrete type used in the tunnel; ； in, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel to be evaluated, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel types used in the tunnel, is the average Poisson's ratio of the concrete type used in the tunnel.

3. According to a digital twin-based tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: The specific logic for collecting the natural frequency of the tunnel is: Install the accelerometer on the top of the tunnel to ensure good contact between the accelerometer and the tunnel. Use a vibration device to record the time domain signal output by the accelerometer in real time. Apply fast Fourier transform to extract the frequency characteristics from the time domain signal and find the frequency with the largest amplitude, which is the natural frequency of the tunnel. ; The vibration system refers to a complete structural system including the tunnel and its surrounding soil. The damping ratio of the entire vibration system is collected based on the following specific logic: when the tunnel is subjected to dynamic load, its free vibration response is recorded, its vibration signal is recorded using an accelerometer, the vibration signal is analyzed, and the attenuation of the vibration amplitude over time is observed. For each group of two adjacent peaks, the damping ratio is calculated by calculating the amplitude ratio of the adjacent peaks: ； in, is the damping ratio, and is the amplitude of two adjacent peaks. The damping ratios of all groups are averaged and taken as the damping ratio of the entire vibration system, denoted as ; The formula for generating the dynamic response index is as follows: ； in, is the dynamic response index, is the natural frequency of the tunnel, The preset scale factor is is the damping ratio, is its preset proportionality factor, and .

4. The tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The average strain, average settlement, and average groundwater level were calculated using the following formulas: ； in, is the average strain, n is the number of strain gauges, is the strain value of the i-th strain gauge; ； in, is the average settlement, m is the number of settlement marks, is the surface settlement calculated according to the jth settlement mark; ； in, is the average groundwater level, is the number of water level gauges, For the Groundwater level at a water level gauge; Obtain the safe strain threshold, safe settlement threshold, and safe water level threshold, and generate the stability index according to the following formula: ； in, is the stability index, is the average strain, is the average settlement, is the average groundwater level, , , is the preset scaling factor, and , , and They are safety strain threshold, safety settlement threshold and safety water level threshold respectively; The formula for generating the structural impact index is: ； in, is the structural impact index, is the strength data of the tunnel, is the average elastic modulus of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the average Poisson's ratio of the steel and concrete used in the tunnel, is the preset scaling factor, .

5. The tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The disaster assessment model of the tunnel is generated by combining the dynamic response index, stability index and structural impact index. The model expression is as follows: ； in, is the disaster assessment index, is the dynamic response index, is the stability index, is the structural impact index, , , is the proportionality coefficient.

6. The tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific logic of generating weights in the disaster assessment model through the analytic hierarchy process is as follows: The three indicators of dynamic response index, structural impact index and stability index are marked, and the relative importance values ​​between them are determined by the nine-scale method to construct a judgment matrix, in which the index of the dynamic response index is marked as 1, the index of the structural impact index is marked as 2, and the index of the stability index is marked as 3. The constructed judgment matrix is: = ； Among them, f and v both represent the index of the index, and , represents the importance of the index f relative to the index v, and , ; Each element value in the judgment matrix is ​​divided by the sum of its columns to obtain the normalized judgment matrix. The mean of the element values ​​in each row of the normalized judgment matrix is ​​calculated, and the mean of the element values ​​in the first row is used as the weight of the dynamic response index, the mean of the element values ​​in the second row is used as the weight of the structural impact index, and the mean of the element values ​​in the third row is used as the weight of the stability index. The three weights are scaled in equal proportions with the constraint that the sum of the scaled values ​​is equal to 1, and the scaled weights are used as the proportional coefficients of the corresponding indexes.

7. The tunnel rock mass dynamic disaster monitoring system based on digital twin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Compare the hazard assessment index with pre-set safety thresholds: like , determine that the current tunnel is in a safe state, continue monitoring, and update data regularly; like , determine that the tunnel is currently in a state of alert, increase monitoring frequency, pay attention to tunnel operation, conduct local inspections, and assess potential hazards; like , determine that the current tunnel is in a dangerous state, respond urgently, activate the emergency plan, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the tunnel, and analyze the cause of the disaster; in, is the disaster assessment index, It is a preset assessment threshold, and its specific value is determined based on historical data analysis and expert evaluation.

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