Indoor optimization design method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based indoor optimization design method. The method comprises the following steps of S1, selecting a proper indoor local scheme according to a BIM system; the indoor optimization design system based on the BIM comprises a BIM indoor management system, and a data management module, a user management module, a log management module and an indoor overall engineering system are arranged in the BIM indoor management system. According to the system, high attention is paid to the aspects of power supply and distribution modes, air purification, safety precautionary measures, static prevention, interference resistance, water prevention, lightning protection and fire prevention in design, the indoor space is reasonably planned, indoor infrastructures are perfected, long-term stable operation of an indoor system is ensured, meanwhile, a comfortable indoor environment can be provided, and the system is suitable for popularization and application. The service life of indoor equipment is prolonged, a safe, reliable and attractive working site is created for indoor workers, the indoor maintenance cost is indirectly reduced, use and maintenance are facilitated, and an intelligent building can operate stably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent building interior optimization design, and in particular to a BIM-based interior optimization design method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology today, traditional buildings can also be combined with communications, computers, etc. to form intelligent buildings with high-quality services and easy use. Intelligent buildings have the characteristics of reasonable project investment, highly automatic equipment, scientific information management, high-quality and efficient services, flexible and convenient use, and safe and comfortable environment. They are modern new buildings that can adapt to the needs of the development of an information society. Computer technology is also developing rapidly and is being used more and more widely in various fields. Therefore, the design and construction of interior projects are increasingly valued by people.

[0003] However, the current interior design has problems such as unreasonable planning and layout, imperfect infrastructure, poor anti-static ability, and incomplete monitoring system. This leads to reduced reliability and availability of the interior, which easily leads to information leakage. At the same time, it also reduces the service life of the interior, increases management and investment costs, and affects the normal operation of the business. To this end, we proposed a BIM-based interior optimization design method and system to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a BIM-based indoor optimization design method and system.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A BIM-based indoor optimization design method includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select appropriate indoor local solutions according to the BIM system;

[0008] S2. Select the matching scheme of each subsystem of the indoor overall engineering system;

[0009] S3. Export the corresponding bill of quantities and integrate and merge them;

[0010] S4. Calculate the engineering quantities of various sub-projects;

[0011] S5. Use cost estimation software to calculate the detailed cost of each sub-project of the design plan.

[0012] A BIM-based indoor optimization design system comprises a BIM indoor management system, wherein the BIM indoor management system is provided with a data management module, a user management module, a log management module and an indoor overall engineering system, wherein the indoor overall engineering system comprises an indoor decoration system, an indoor power supply and distribution system, an indoor air conditioning environment system, an indoor fire protection system, an indoor environment monitoring system and an indoor network wiring system, wherein the indoor decoration system comprises an indoor ceiling, an indoor floor, an indoor wall, an indoor partition and indoor doors and windows, wherein the indoor power supply and distribution system comprises switches, lines, sockets, lighting engineering and a grounding system, wherein the indoor air conditioning environment system comprises indoor precision air conditioning and a fresh air and exhaust system, wherein the indoor fire protection system comprises a gas fire extinguishing controller, a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a fire alarm, an audible and visual alarm, an emergency start and stop button, a deflation indicator light, a gas fire extinguishing system and a fire smoke exhaust system, wherein the indoor environment monitoring system comprises power supply and distribution monitoring, precision air conditioning monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, video monitoring, an access control system, fire protection monitoring, smoke monitoring and leakage prevention monitoring, and wherein the indoor network wiring system comprises a workspace subsystem, a horizontal subsystem and a management room subsystem.

[0013] Preferably, in the interior decoration system: the indoor ceiling is installed with thermal insulation cotton, and the indoor ceiling is coated with dust-proof paint, the surface of the indoor floor is attached with an anti-static veneer, and the indoor floor is made of one of aluminum alloy, all-steel and composite wood particle board, the laying height of the indoor floor machine is 0.4m-0.6m, the indoor wall is made of one of metal composite wall panels and aluminum-plastic panels, the indoor partition is made of tempered glass partition, the indoor doors and windows are installed with double-layer glass, the indoor windows are installed with anti-static curtains, and the distance between the anti-static curtains and the indoor windows is 50mm-60mm, and the height of the indoor doors is 2.1m-3m.

[0014] Preferably, in the indoor air-conditioning environment system: a filter is provided in the indoor precision air-conditioning, the fresh air ventilation system adopts one of a hanging installation and a cabinet unit, and the fresh air ventilation system performs two-way independent circulation of fresh air and dirty air through air ducts.

[0015] Preferably, in the indoor fire protection system: the gas fire extinguishing controller is used to receive the fire alarm signal from the fire detector, issue an audible and visual alarm, start the linkage equipment, issue a start signal for releasing the fire extinguishing agent, receive a spraying feedback signal and illuminate the spraying indicator light; the operating voltage of the fire alarm and the audible and visual alarm is DC24V.

[0016] Preferably, in the indoor environment monitoring system: the power distribution system mainly monitors the three-phase phase voltage, phase current, line voltage, line current, active power, reactive power, frequency, power factor and other parameters of the power distribution system and the status monitoring of the distribution switch, the video surveillance image adopts MPEG4 video compression, and the access control system consists of a controller, an inductive card reader, an electric lock and a door opening button.

[0017] Preferably, in the indoor network cabling system: the work area is composed of the connection lines connecting the terminal equipment to the information socket and the information socket, and the management subsystem is composed of cross-connected termination hardware (patch panel) and color coding rules.

[0018] Preferably, in the indoor power supply and distribution system: the height difference of the socket is 0.5mm-0.8mm, the height of the switch from the ground is 1.4m, and the height from the door is 150-200mm, the insulation resistance between the wires is greater than 0.5MΩ, the grounding system includes safety protection grounding, safety protection grounding, DC grounding system, equipotential grounding, shielded grounding system, anti-static grounding system and lightning protection grounding system of the power supply, the equipotential equalizing belt in the equipotential grounding is made of copper belt, the lightning protector adopts a secondary overvoltage lightning arrester, the UPS uninterruptible power supply system includes UPS and input and output devices matching the UPS, the UPS includes a rectifier / charger, an inverter, a battery, a static bypass, a manual bypass, a manual switch and a battery circuit breaker, the UPS matching input and output devices include an upper line isolation transformer, a voltage matching transformer, an input harmonic filter, a built-in communication interface and an upper and lower line power distribution protection device, and the upper and lower line power distribution protection devices include an upper line low voltage circuit breaker, a low voltage switch cabinet and a lower line low voltage switch cabinet.

[0019] In the present invention, the main steps during indoor construction include:

[0020] 1. Customers provide requirements

[0021] 1. The customer information department shall count the number, model, power consumption, etc. of storage equipment.

[0022] 2. The customer confirms the indoor construction standards.

[0023] 3. The customer provides interior floor plan drawings.

[0024] 2. Planning and design stage (professional interior design company)

[0025] 1. The indoor company surveys the site.

[0026] 2. Confirm whether the site selection is reasonable.

[0027] 3. The electrical engineering department calculates the power consumption of computer equipment, air conditioning, and auxiliary equipment through the BIM system, thereby deriving the overall indoor power load.

[0028] 4. The air conditioning professional calculates the air conditioning cooling capacity, outdoor unit placement, fresh air usage, and determines the new exhaust method.

[0029] 5. Confirm the interior design plan with the customer.

[0030] 6. Inform the design institute of the indoor power load, number of air conditioners, and new exhaust access method. The design institute will consider the indoor load-bearing capacity, reserved power lines, and interfaces for decoration. (Or submit the preliminary design plan to the design institute, and the design institute will reserve interfaces according to the requirements)

[0031] 3. Bidding Stage

[0032] 1. Prepare the bidding documents based on the determined interior plan.

[0033] 2. Implement bidding.

[0034] 3. Confirm the winning company.

[0035] 4. Deepen the design

[0036] 1. The winning bidder shall carry out in-depth interior design.

[0037] 2. Confirm the construction drawings with the customer.

[0038] V. Project Implementation

[0039] 1. During the project construction phase, the indoor area will be constructed first. After that, the indoor ceiling, indoor floor, indoor wall, indoor partition and indoor doors and windows will be installed. Then the precision air conditioning and fresh air and exhaust system will be installed. After that, the fire protection system, indoor power supply and distribution system and indoor shielding system will be installed. Finally, power supply and distribution monitoring, precision air conditioning monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, video monitoring, access control system, fire protection monitoring and leakage prevention monitoring will be arranged to complete the indoor construction.

[0040] 6. Testing Phase

[0041] 1. Test and acceptance after the indoor work is fully completed.

[0042] 7. Delivery and Operation Phase

[0043] 1. After the indoor test is completed and accepted, it will be delivered to the information department for use.

[0044] In the design, the present invention attaches great importance to power supply and distribution methods, air purification, safety precautions, anti-static, anti-interference, waterproofing, lightning protection, and fire protection. It also rationally plans the interior, improves the indoor infrastructure, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the indoor system. It can also provide a comfortable indoor environment, which not only increases the service life of indoor equipment, but also creates a safe, reliable, and beautiful workplace for indoor staff, indirectly reduces the cost of indoor maintenance, facilitates use and maintenance, and enables the intelligent building to operate stably. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a BIM indoor management system for an indoor optimization design system based on BIM proposed by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an interior decoration system of an interior optimization design system based on BIM proposed by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor power supply and distribution system of an indoor optimization design system based on BIM proposed by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor air conditioning environment system of an indoor optimization design system based on BIM proposed by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor fire protection system of an indoor optimization design system based on BIM proposed by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor environment monitoring system of an indoor optimization design system based on BIM proposed by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an indoor network wiring system of a BIM-based indoor optimization design system proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0053] Reference Figure 1-7 , a BIM-based indoor optimization design method, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. Select appropriate indoor local solutions according to the BIM system;

[0055] S2. Select the matching scheme of each subsystem of the indoor overall engineering system;

[0056] S3. Export the corresponding bill of quantities and integrate and merge them;

[0057] S4. Calculate the engineering quantities of various sub-projects;

[0058] S5. Use cost estimation software to calculate the detailed cost of each sub-project of the design plan.

[0059] A BIM-based indoor optimization design system comprises a BIM indoor management system, wherein the BIM indoor management system is provided with a data management module, a user management module, a log management module and an indoor overall engineering system, wherein the indoor overall engineering system comprises an indoor decoration system, an indoor power supply and distribution system, an indoor air conditioning environment system, an indoor fire protection system, an indoor environment monitoring system and an indoor network wiring system, wherein the indoor decoration system comprises an indoor ceiling, an indoor floor, an indoor wall, an indoor partition and indoor doors and windows, wherein the indoor power supply and distribution system comprises switches, lines, sockets, lighting engineering and a grounding system, wherein the indoor air conditioning environment system comprises indoor precision air conditioning and a fresh air and exhaust system, wherein the indoor fire protection system comprises a gas fire extinguishing controller, a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a fire alarm, an audible and visual alarm, an emergency start and stop button, a deflation indicator light, a gas fire extinguishing system and a fire smoke exhaust system, wherein the indoor environment monitoring system comprises power supply and distribution monitoring, precision air conditioning monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, video monitoring, an access control system, fire protection monitoring, smoke monitoring and leakage prevention monitoring, and wherein the indoor network wiring system comprises a workspace subsystem, a horizontal subsystem and a management room subsystem.

[0060] 1. The interior decoration system includes interior ceiling, interior floor, interior wall, interior partition and interior doors and windows.

[0061] (1) For indoor ceilings, dust-proof treatment should be applied to the suspended ceiling. Dust-proof paint should be applied to ensure that the base of the ceiling is dust-free. Thermal insulation cotton should be installed on the ceiling to prevent moisture and heat. Together with the indoor shielding net, it forms a complete shielding system with anti-static and anti-interference effects. The cable trough on the ceiling and the ceiling keel should be grounded.

[0062] (2) Indoor flooring, also known as raised flooring, is indispensable in computer rooms. There are two main functions of laying raised flooring indoors: first, a concealed space is formed under the raised flooring, where power line conduits, cable troughs, integrated wiring, fire protection pipelines, etc. as well as some electrical facilities (sockets, socket boxes, etc.) can be laid; second, since raised flooring is laid, a static pressure box for air conditioning supply air can be formed under the raised flooring. In addition, the anti-static function of the raised flooring also provides a guarantee for the safe operation of computers and network equipment.

[0063] There are many types of movable floors. According to the base material and materials of the board, they can be divided into: aluminum alloy, all-steel, composite wood particle board, etc. The surface of the floor is pasted with anti-static veneer (there are differences between imported and domestic ones). Different choices of movable floors directly affect the grade of the room. After using floors of different quality, the indoor effects are very different. When installing anti-static floors, it is also required to install an electrostatic leakage system and lay an electrostatic leakage ground grid. The static electricity is leaked away by sealing the static leakage trunk line and the grounding terminal of the indoor safety protection ground together. The laying height of the movable floor is generally 0.4 meters. During the installation of the movable floor, the movable floor needs to be accurately cut and cut at the junction of the floor and the wall, and the cut edges need to be sealed with glue before installation. After the floor is installed, it is decorated with aluminum-plastic skirting boards. The aluminum-plastic skirting boards and aluminum-plastic glass partitions complement each other, which are coordinated and have excellent effects.

[0064] (3) Indoor partitions: 5+5+5 tempered fireproof glass partitions, 12 cm stainless steel walls with 12 cm tempered glass, and single (or double) glass doors (12 cm glass) are used to separate the various functional areas in the room, improve lighting performance, and make the interior layout simple, bright, scientific and reasonable.

[0065] (4) Indoor doors and windows: The main indoor door adopts a double-door structure, with one set of steel Class A anti-theft door and one set of steel fire door. The main indoor system equipment area adopts glass sliding doors.

[0066] (5) Indoor walls. The materials of indoor ceilings, floors, and glass partitions are all of relatively good quality and expensive. Whether the walls are painted with wallpaper or high-end latex paint, although the price is very low, the appearance cannot complement the ceiling and raised floor. In recent years, the following materials have been mainly used for wall surfaces in high-end and advanced interiors: metal composite wall panels, aluminum-plastic panels, etc. After the construction of the above two materials, the wall surfaces seen are similar, both are metal paint surfaces, but the base structures are different. The advantages and disadvantages of the two wall surfaces are described below.

[0067] The metal composite siding is made of colored steel plate (0.7 mm) into a 50 mm thick box-shaped concave and convex plate, and 50 mm high-quality rock wool is vertically pasted inside. The plate is processed on the production line with advanced technology and precise size. When installing, the manger is first installed on the top and the ground, and then the siding is pushed in and fixed in turn. Its surface is steel plate paint. After installation, the interface gap is less than 1 mm, which is beautiful, neat and uniform. The siding is often used in clean rooms, with good sound insulation, heat preservation and sealing effects. The wall has a matching metal siding door, which is exquisite and beautiful.

[0068] The aluminum-plastic board wall is also composed of a skeleton and a surface layer. There are two types of skeletons: one uses a light steel keel gypsum board; the other uses 15 mm medium-density fiberboard, 150 mm wide and 150 mm apart. The medium-density fiberboard is leveled and then pasted with three layers of board. After the fire-retardant paint is applied, it is used as the skeleton base. After the base is formed, glue is applied on both sides. After drying, the aluminum-plastic board is firmly pasted. When pasting the aluminum-plastic board, leave a gap of 3 mm and inject glass glue. The surface of the aluminum-plastic board wall is an aluminum plate paint surface. The advantages of this type of partition wall are moderate price, easy installation, and beautiful surface. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to inject glue into the gap. Therefore, choose a suitable wall according to the needs of the room.

[0069] Indoor decoration should use materials that are airtight, dust-free, easy to clean, and have little deformation under changes in temperature and humidity, and meet the following requirements: the wall surface should be flat, reduce dust accumulation, and avoid glare. The four walls should be painted with dust-free materials. In the indoor ceiling treatment, shielding measures should be added, that is, aluminum metal ceiling should be used for sealing; indoor entry and exit holes or holes should be reserved and connected; the joints between indoor walls, ceilings, and floors should be connected.

[0070] 2. The indoor power supply and distribution system includes UPS uninterruptible power supply, distribution cabinet, switches, lines, sockets, lighting projects and grounding system. All electrical components and wires in the distribution cabinet should have information such as manufacturer, address, telephone number, certificate of conformity, instructions, technical parameters, etc. The fixing points of electrical components and distribution box should be insulated, and spring washers should be added to the fixing bolts; the wiring in the box should be horizontal and vertical, with clear layers, clear phase colors and clear line numbers to facilitate maintenance inspection and on-site installation and connection.

[0071] (1) Switches, electrical appliances, and cables should be correctly, clearly, and completely labeled according to the specifications. The legend of the electrical installation system diagram in the box or cabinet should be consistent with the electrical installation in the box or cabinet. The drawing should be correct, clear, and neat. The applicable wires should be colored according to the phase sequence and purpose. No open noses are required for wiring. The root of the wire nose should be sealed with heat plastic or insulated, and the color should be consistent with the color. The wrapping should be neat and beautiful.

[0072] (2) The ends of the lines, cable cores and the wires should be marked with their circuit numbers. The numbers should be correct, the handwriting should be clear and not easy to fade. The wiring should be neat, clear and beautiful. The wire insulation should be good and without damage. Special bolts should be used for secondary circuit grounding. The cables introduced into the panel and cabinet should be arranged neatly, numbered clearly, avoid crossing, and should be firmly fixed. The connected terminal blocks should not be subjected to mechanical pressure. After the armored cable enters the panel and cabinet, the steel belt should be cut off, the ends at the cut should be tied tightly, and the steel belt should be grounded. The cable cores in the panel and cabinet should be arranged regularly in a vertical or horizontal manner and should not be arbitrarily skewed or cross-connected. Appropriate margins should be left for the length of spare cores.

[0073] Cables should be fixed in the following places: on each support and every 2M on the bridge for cables laid vertically or inclined at more than 45°; at the ends of the cables, at the bends and both ends of the cable joints for horizontally laid cables; when there are requirements for cable spacing, the fixation of single-core cables should meet the design requirements every 5-10M. The fixing clamps of single-core cables in AC systems or phase-splitting lead-sheathed cables after phase separation should not form a closed magnetic circuit. The fixing places of bare lead-sheathed cables should be protected by soft pads. Cables with insulation requirements for the sheath should have insulating pads at the fixing places.

[0074] (3) The switches, wires, and sockets in the same place should have consistent disconnection positions, be flexible to operate, and have reliable contact points. The phase lines of electrical appliances and lamps should be controlled by switches.

[0075] Arch head connection is not allowed for multi-connection switches. LC-type crimping caps should be used to crimp the main head before branch connection. When AC, DC or sockets of different voltages are installed in the same place, there should be obvious differences, and their plugs and sockets are matched and cannot be replaced by each other. When connecting the wires of multiple sockets in the socket box, arch head connection is not allowed. LC-type crimping caps should be used to crimp the main head before branch connection. When installing switches and sockets, first leave a maintenance length for the wires thrown out of the box, cut out the wire core, be careful not to damage the wire core, wind the wire clockwise on the corresponding terminal of the switch and socket, and then tighten the pressure head. If it is a single-core wire, you can also insert the core directly into the wiring hole, and then press it with a top screw. Note that the core must not be exposed.

[0076] Installation regulations for switches and sockets:

[0077] Regulations for switch installation: ① The height of the switch is 1.4m from the ground and 150-200mm from the door; the switch must not be placed behind a single door; ② The panel of the concealed switch should be straight, tight and flush with the wall; ③ The position of the switch should correspond to the light position, and the direction of switches in the same room should be consistent; ④ The height of switches installed in a row should be consistent, and the height difference should not exceed 2mm.

[0078] Socket installation regulations: ① Concealed and industrial sockets should be no lower than 30cm from the ground; ② The height difference of sockets installed in the same room should not be greater than 5mm; the height difference of sockets installed in a row should not be greater than 2mm; ③ Concealed sockets should have special boxes, and the cover should be straight and tight and flush with the wall; ④ Floor-standing sockets should have protective covers;

[0079] For concealed switches and sockets, follow the wiring requirements and connect the wires thrown out of the box to the switch or socket panel. Push the switch or socket into the box, align it with the box eyes, and secure it firmly with machine screws. When fixing, make sure the panel is straight and flush with the wall.

[0080] Quality standards and guarantee items: The protective grounding measures for the socket connection and the connection wire positions of the phase and neutral lines must comply with the relevant provisions of the construction acceptance specifications, and the leakage switch used in the socket should be sensitive and reliable.

[0081] Inspection method: Observation inspection and inspection of installation records.

[0082] Basic items: ① The installation position of switches and sockets is correct. The inside of the box is clean and free of debris, the surface is clean and not deformed, and the cover is close to the surface of the building.

[0083] ② The switch cuts off the phase line. The insulation of the wire entering the appliance is good and the wire core is not damaged. The grounding wire of the socket is laid separately. Inspection method: observation and power-on inspection.

[0084] (4) In lighting projects, lighting fixtures are welded firmly with angle iron and Ф8 steel bars according to the height of the shed, and then fixed to the ceiling with Ф8 expansion bolts. The spacing is controlled within 1.5 meters, and each light position box or each junction box must be fixed with hanging rods at both ends. The steel pipe is fixed to the hanging rod with a saddle clamp. Square boxes or octagonal boxes must be placed at the corners, light positions and junction boxes. An expansion hook is installed directly above the light position to hang the light box, and then thread the wires and make joints. The main line uses 4mm2 and the branch line uses 2.5mm2. Ф15 tubes are used for less than 4 wires, and Ф20 tubes are used for more than 4 wires. The joints are insulated by crimping caps or tinning with insulating tape. Each junction box is covered with a cover plate, and the wires from the light position junction box to the light box are connected with a metal hose. The length of the hose shall not exceed 1.5m. Then hang the light box, install the lamp tube, and install the switch for debugging.

[0085] The wire protection tube is connected by thread. The inner edge of the steel tube is chamfered with a semicircular file before connection to avoid scratching the wire skin when threading. The connection between steel pipes is welded with 8# iron wire, and the welding point is painted with anti-rust paint for corrosion protection. Emergency lighting wires can be put into the same tube as the mains lighting wires.

[0086] When installing the lamp, determine the lamp position according to the design drawings, and place the lamp close to the surface of the building. The light box should completely cover the lamp holder box. Facing the position of the lamp holder box, open the wire entry hole, throw the power cord into the light box, and put a plastic tube on the wire entry hole to protect the wire. Use expansion bolts to fix the two ends of the light box. After the light box is fixed, press the power cord into the terminal board inside the light box, fix the lamp reflector on the light box, and adjust the light box straight, put on the lamp tube, and the bracket of the light lamp embedded in the ceiling can be directly fixed on the main keel, and then introduce the power cord into the light box and connect it with the wire of the lamp and wrap it tightly, adjust each lamp socket and lamp foot, install the lampshade, put on the lampshade, and finally adjust the frame of the lamp to be parallel to the decoration line of the ceiling surface. Emergency lights must be sensitive and reliable, and accident lighting lights should have special signs.

[0087] (5) Grounding system: The setting of grounding devices in electronic rooms should meet the safety requirements of personal safety and normal operation of electronic computers and system equipment.

[0088] ①Safety protection ground refers to the good grounding between the shells of all indoor machinery and equipment and the body (shell) of auxiliary equipment such as motors and air conditioners. After connecting with 6 square flame-retardant wire, it is connected to the equalizing belt. When the insulators of various indoor electrical equipment are damaged, it will pose a threat to the safety of the equipment and the operators and maintenance personnel. Therefore, reliable grounding of the equipment shell is the guarantee of safe use of electricity.

[0089] ② For AC working place, the grounding required for operation in the power system (such as neutral point grounding) should not be greater than 4 ohms. The neutral line connected to the neutral point of the transformer or generator directly grounded is called the zero line; making electrical connections between one or more points on the zero line and the ground again is called repeated grounding. The AC working place is a reliably grounded neutral point. When the neutral point is not grounded, if one phase touches the ground and a person touches another phase, the contact voltage received by the human body will exceed the phase voltage. When the neutral point is grounded and the grounding resistance of the neutral point is very small, the voltage received by the human body is equivalent to the phase voltage; at the same time, if the neutral point is not grounded, the stray impedance of the neutral point to the ground is very large, so the grounding current is very small; the corresponding protection equipment cannot quickly cut off the power supply, causing harm to people and equipment; otherwise, it works. For all AC equipment, the neutral point is connected to the distribution cabinet separately through an insulated cable, and the neutral line is connected to the grounding busbar.

[0090] ③ DC grounding system, a 3*30 copper strip grid grounding network is laid overhead under the floor in the indoor area. A BV50mm2 cable is led out from each end of the grounding network. A BV95 cable is closed at both ends and connected to the grounding terminal block of the main grounding lead-in line on the bottom floor of the building as the indoor DC grounding network. A BV16mm2 cable is led out from the grounding bus at the lower end of the power column cabinet of the cabinet and connected to the grounding network nearby. For the other UPS power sockets, one end of a 4mm2 copper cable is connected to the grounding network nearby, and the other end is connected to the terminal of the UPS power socket ground wire.

[0091] ④ Equipotential grounding: an equipotential equalizing belt is set under the anti-static floor in the indoor area. The material is 3*30 copper belt. It is laid in a ring with a height of 80mm using an insulating rod with a diameter of 20 along the inner side of the indoor area enclosure wall. The two ends are connected with 1000*80*8 copper belts as the grounding terminal block (except for the DC ground). It is used as the wiring terminal for the individual down-leads of various grounding systems in the indoor area. All metal ceilings, keels, walls, metal shells and metal pipes of equipment are connected to the annular equalizing belt. A 6-square flame-retardant wire is used as the connection line. The annular equalizing belt is taken from the main vertical steel bars in the concrete column of the adjacent building, connected with an equipotential rod. A 50-square flame-retardant cable is led out of the terminal block and connected to the comprehensive grounding terminal block of the building in the strong power shaft on this floor.

[0092] ⑤ Shielded grounding system, in order to prevent electromagnetic induction, the metal shell of the power equipment, the shielding cover, the outer skin of the shielded wire or the metal shielding of the building are grounded. Ring-shaped equalizing belt: both AC working ground, safety protection ground and computer DC ground.

[0093] ⑥ Anti-static grounding system: For the anti-static floor bracket, take 4 brackets under the floor for every 10 square meters of area, connect them in a ring with 4 square flame-retardant wire, and then connect them to the equalizing belt.

[0094] ⑦ The lightning protection and grounding system of the power supply. Due to the special requirements of indoor equipment, in order to further eliminate the residual pressure of lightning, a set of OBO power supply secondary overvoltage lightning arrester is installed at the rear end of the main incoming air switch of the indoor distribution box. The lightning protector must be grounded through the grounding terminal with the shortest possible path, and all equipment in the main room is required to adopt single-point grounding method, that is, all ground wires are connected to the DC grounding network. When installing the equipment, a certain safety distance should be maintained from the outer walls and columns of the building, and the signal lightning arrester connection must be consistent with the data incoming line direction.

[0095] (6) The voltage-stabilized and frequency-stabilized power supply method, namely the UPS power supply method, is an ideal power supply method for establishing an uninterruptible power supply system indoors. There are two forms of establishing an uninterruptible power supply: one is a dual-circuit power supply system plus a UPS power supply device; the other is a power supply system with a diesel generator set as a backup power supply plus a UPS power supply device.

[0096] 3. The indoor air conditioning environment system includes indoor precision air conditioning and fresh air and exhaust systems. The indoor environment is achieved by air conditioners, but ensuring the cleanliness of the room requires the following points: (1) The indoor wall enclosure structure must be sealed and clean; (2) The indoor air must maintain positive pressure to prevent erosion by dirty air, and the fresh air must be purified at two levels, namely primary and sub-high efficiency filters, thereby greatly improving the quality of air input into the room; (3) The air conditioner is equipped with a medium-efficiency filter and is replaced regularly to ensure that the air is continuously purified during indoor circulation; (4) This design can ensure that the air cleanliness meets the national standard requirements. The indoor dedicated air conditioner adopts a downward air supply and upward return air supply method.

[0097] The indoor airflow organization form should be considered in combination with the computer system requirements and building conditions. The air duct and air outlet position of the new exhaust system should be reasonably arranged in accordance with the air conditioning system and indoor structure. The air volume is determined by the air supply volume of the air conditioner and the number of indoor operators. Half of the value is the fresh air volume per person: 50m 3 / h, the fresh air ventilation system can be installed in a suspended manner or in a cabinet unit, and the fresh air and dirty air can be circulated independently in both directions through the air duct. Fire dampers should be installed in the fresh air ventilation system and can be linked with the fire protection system. Once a fire accident occurs, the fresh air intake can be automatically cut off. If the room is unattended, there is no need to set up a fresh air ventilation system.

[0098] 4. The indoor fire protection system includes a gas fire extinguishing controller, smoke detectors, temperature detectors, fire alarms, sound and light alarms, emergency start and stop buttons, deflation indicator lights, gas fire extinguishing systems and fire smoke exhaust systems. A separate automatic fire alarm system should be set up indoors, including the following equipment:

[0099] (1) Gas fire extinguishing controller, used to receive fire alarm signals from fire detectors, send out sound and light alarms, start linkage equipment, send out start signals for releasing fire extinguishing agents, receive spraying feedback signals and illuminate spraying indicator lights, etc. It has functions such as fire alarm, silencing, resetting, emergency start, manual / automatic conversion, fault alarm, and automatic switching of main and standby power supplies. In engineering applications, the gas fire extinguishing control system and the fire automatic alarm system (FAS) are two independent systems. The gas fire extinguishing controller sends the action signals of the protection zone to the fire control center. These signals include fire information capture, fire extinguishing action, manual / automatic conversion, system failure, etc. The opening and closing devices, ventilation machinery, fire dampers, etc. that need to be linked in the protection zone can be controlled by the fire automatic alarm system (FAS) or the gas fire extinguishing controller. The action status of these fire linkage control devices should be displayed in the fire control center.

[0100] (2) Smoke detectors are used to detect fires in the early stages of a fire that produce a large amount of smoke, a small amount of heat, and little or no flame radiation.

[0101] (3) Temperature detectors are used to detect fires that cause abnormal temperature rises in the protected area. They are used to detect fires that are in the flame retardant stage at the early stage of the fire, produce a large amount of smoke and a small amount of heat, and have little or no flame radiation. They are used to detect fires that cause abnormal temperature rises in the protected area.

[0102] (4) Fire alarm, sound alarm equipment, operating voltage is DC24V.

[0103] (5) The sound and light alarm is used to issue sound and light alarms. It is installed at the entrance of the protection area or inside the protection area. The working voltage is DC24V.

[0104] (6) Emergency start button and emergency stop button are installed on the non-door axis side outside the protection zone door. The emergency start button is used to manually start the fire extinguishing system directly in an emergency. The emergency stop button is used to cut off the connection of the electromagnetic drive valve to ensure that the fire extinguishing system is not started.

[0105] (7) The deflation indicator light is installed just above the door on the outside of the protection area. It lights up when the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed in the protection area to remind people not to enter.

[0106] (8) Gas fire extinguishing system: With the implementation of the "Overall Elimination Plan for Halon in China's Fire Protection Industry", substitutes and alternative technologies for halon have developed rapidly. The work of replacing halon must adhere to the combination of traditional fire extinguishing technology and halon alternative technology. The developing alternative technology must be carried out in accordance with safety-related design specifications and in combination with the technical characteristics of the system. The use of the fire extinguishing system not only involves the performance of the product itself, but also must consider a series of factors such as the building structure, surrounding environment, protection characteristics, protection conditions, reliability of the system operation, and safety of fire extinguishing agent storage of the protected object. At present, the common gas fire extinguishing systems that replace halon in China include carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) fire extinguishing system, trifluoromethane (HFC-23) fire extinguishing system, mixed gas IG541 fire extinguishing system, etc. When the indoor area is less than 300 square meters, a non-pipeline fire extinguishing system can be used. When the indoor area is more than 300 square meters, a pipe network fire extinguishing system must be used.

[0107] (9) Smoke exhaust system: The smoke generated during a fire is mainly carbon monoxide, which has a strong suffocating effect and poses a great threat to people's lives. In addition, the smoke generated by the fire blocks people's vision. It makes it difficult for people to distinguish the direction when evacuating. Especially in high-rise buildings, due to their own "chimney effect", the smoke rises very quickly, and the harm is obvious. The smoke exhaust system should be activated immediately after a fire occurs. The indoor environment is relatively closed. When gas is sprayed, it is not easy to remove the gas fire extinguishing agent. Installing a smoke exhaust system can help remove the residual gas fire extinguishing agent.

[0108] 5. Indoor environment monitoring system includes power supply and distribution monitoring, UPS monitoring, precision air conditioning monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, video monitoring, access control system, fire monitoring and leakage prevention monitoring.

[0109] (1) Power distribution system: mainly monitors the three-phase voltage, phase current, line voltage, line current, active power, reactive power, frequency, power factor and other parameters of the power distribution system and the status of the distribution switches, and issues an alarm when some important parameters exceed the dangerous limit.

[0110] (2) UPS power supply (including DC power supply) monitors the operating status of the internal rectifier, inverter, battery, bypass, load and other components of the UPS in real time through the communication protocol and intelligent communication interface provided by the UPS manufacturer. Once a component fails, the indoor power environment monitoring system will automatically alarm. The system only monitors the UPS without controlling it.

[0111] (3) Air conditioning equipment can be fully diagnosed through real-time monitoring, and the operating status and parameters of each air conditioning component (such as compressor, fan, heater, humidifier, dehumidifier, filter, etc.) can be monitored. The air conditioning setting parameters (temperature, humidity, upper and lower temperature limits, upper and lower humidity limits, etc.) can be remotely modified through the indoor power environment monitoring system management function, as well as the restart of precision air conditioning. Even if there is a minor fault in the air conditioning unit, it can be detected through the indoor power environment monitoring system, and timely measures can be taken to prevent further damage to the air conditioning unit.

[0112] (4) Indoor temperature and humidity: Temperature and humidity detection modules need to be installed at various important locations in the room to record the temperature and humidity curves for management personnel to query. Once the temperature and humidity exceed the range, an alarm will be activated immediately to remind management personnel to promptly adjust the air conditioner's operating setting value or adjust the equipment distribution in the room.

[0113] (5) Water leakage detection systems are divided into two types: positioning and non-positioning. The so-called positioning type refers to a leak detection system that can accurately report the specific location of the leak. The non-positioning system is the opposite. It can only report the discovery of a leak but cannot specify the location. The system consists of a sensor and a controller. The controller monitors the status of the sensor and immediately uploads the information to the monitoring PC when water conditions are detected. Leak detection sensors are divided into two types: wired detection and surface detection. Wire detection is mainly used indoors. Wire detection uses a leak detection rope to surround the flooded area. When a leak occurs, water contacts the detection wire and an alarm is issued.

[0114] (6) Smoke alarm. The smoke detector has a built-in microcomputer control and self-checking function to prevent false alarms and missed alarms. It outputs pulse level signals, relay switches, or on and off signals. When smoke enters the ionization chamber, it will destroy the electric field balance of the smoke detector. The alarm circuit will detect that the concentration exceeds the set threshold and issue an alarm.

[0115] (7) Video surveillance. The indoor environment monitoring system integrates video surveillance. The image adopts MPEG4 video compression method. It integrates multi-screen viewing, video playback, video remote transmission, trigger alarm, pan-tilt control, and equipment linkage. The video system can also be linked with other input signals. Once the video alarm is triggered, it can be linked with other equipment such as dual-detection probes and door magnets for recording.

[0116] (8) Access control monitoring. The access control system consists of a controller, an inductive card reader, an electric lock and a door opening button. The networking system is equipped with a communication converter. The card reading method is contactless. The system effectively monitors and manages people entering and leaving.

[0117] (9) Fire protection system: The monitoring of the fire protection system mainly involves the collection of fire alarm signals and gas spray signals, and does not control the fire protection system.

[0118] 6. The indoor network wiring system includes a work area subsystem, a horizontal subsystem and a management room subsystem. (1) The work area subsystem is composed of the user work area, which is composed of the connection lines connecting the terminal equipment to the information socket and the information socket. The socket can be used to connect the telephone and the data terminal as well as other sensors and weak current equipment. In the RJ45 socket, not only the universal RJ45 plug for data but also the RJ11 connector for telephone can be inserted. In the design of the present invention, the information socket is counted as a double-hole information socket according to its function. Considering the current and future use requirements of the building, each double-hole information socket adopts a Category 5 RJ45 module. Common terminal equipment is a computer, a network hub (HUB, etc.), a telephone, etc.; the wiring equipment includes the information socket and the connection lines with the terminal equipment.

[0119] (2) Horizontal subsystem The function of the horizontal subsystem is to extend the lines of the trunk subsystem to the user's work area. Considering the current use needs of this building and the need for greater expansion capabilities in the future, and because the horizontal lines cannot be replaced once buried in the wall, in the design of this project, the horizontal lines all use Category 5 eight-core unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables with a data transmission rate of 155Mbps within a range of 100 meters. It can transmit various weak current signals with a DC voltage below 72V and a corresponding frequency, including telephone, computer data, control signals of building automation equipment, broadcast signals, video surveillance signals and various weak current sensor signals, etc. It is mainly used to transmit voice signals, images and data signals, and to achieve the connection between information sockets and management subsystems (patch panels). Shielded or unshielded 8-core twisted pair cables are commonly used to achieve this connection.

[0120] (3) The management subsystem is based on the characteristics of the building and takes into account the requirements of cable transmission distance. They use distribution racks, fiber optic splicing boxes and jumpers to flexibly allocate and manage the information sockets on each floor. The main distribution frame is located in the main equipment room and is used to allocate and manage each floor. It is composed of cross-connected termination hardware (distribution frame) and color-coded rules to provide connections for all systems and flexible management of the functions of the information sockets connected to them.

[0121] In the present invention, the main steps during indoor construction include:

[0122] 1. Customers provide requirements

[0123] 1. The customer information department shall count the number, model, power consumption, etc. of storage equipment.

[0124] 2. The customer confirms the indoor construction standards.

[0125] 3. The customer provides interior floor plan drawings.

[0126] 2. Planning and design stage (professional interior design company)

[0127] 1. The indoor company surveys the site.

[0128] 2. Confirm whether the site selection is reasonable.

[0129] 3. The electrical engineering department calculates the power consumption of computer equipment, air conditioning, and auxiliary equipment through the BIM system, thereby deriving the overall indoor power load.

[0130] 4. The air conditioning professional calculates the air conditioning cooling capacity, outdoor unit placement, fresh air usage, and determines the new exhaust method.

[0131] 5. Confirm the interior design plan with the customer.

[0132] 6. Inform the design institute of the indoor power load, number of air conditioners, and new exhaust access method. The design institute will consider the indoor load-bearing capacity, reserved power lines, and interfaces for decoration. (Or submit the preliminary design plan to the design institute, and the design institute will reserve interfaces according to the requirements)

[0133] 3. Bidding Stage

[0134] 1. Prepare the bidding documents based on the determined interior plan.

[0135] 2. Implement bidding.

[0136] 3. Confirm the winning company.

[0137] 4. Deepen the design

[0138] 1. The winning bidder shall carry out in-depth interior design.

[0139] 2. Confirm the construction drawings with the customer.

[0140] V. Project Implementation

[0141] 1. During the project construction phase, the indoor area will be constructed first. After that, the indoor ceiling, indoor floor, indoor wall, indoor partition and indoor doors and windows will be installed. Then the precision air conditioning and fresh air and exhaust system will be installed. After that, the fire protection system, indoor power supply and distribution system and indoor shielding system will be installed. Finally, power supply and distribution monitoring, precision air conditioning monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, video monitoring, access control system, fire protection monitoring and leakage prevention monitoring will be arranged to complete the indoor construction.

[0142] 6. Testing Phase

[0143] 1. Test and acceptance after the indoor work is fully completed.

[0144] 7. Delivery and Operation Phase

[0145] 1. After the indoor test is completed and accepted, it will be delivered to the information department for use.

[0146] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based indoor optimization design method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select appropriate indoor local solutions according to the BIM system; S2. Select the matching scheme of each subsystem of the indoor overall engineering system; S3. Export the corresponding bill of quantities and integrate and merge them; S4. Calculate the engineering quantities of various sub-projects; S5. Use cost estimation software to calculate the detailed cost of each sub-project of the design plan.

2. A BIM-based indoor optimization design system, including a BIM indoor management system, characterized in that: The BIM indoor management system is provided with a data management module, a user management module, a log management module and an indoor overall engineering system. The indoor overall engineering system includes an indoor decoration system, an indoor power supply and distribution system, an indoor air-conditioning environment system, an indoor fire protection system, an indoor environment monitoring system and an indoor network wiring system. The indoor decoration system includes indoor ceilings, indoor floors, indoor walls, indoor partitions and indoor doors and windows. The indoor power supply and distribution system includes switches, lines, sockets, lighting engineering and grounding systems. The indoor air-conditioning environment system includes indoor precision air-conditioning and fresh air and exhaust systems. The indoor fire protection system includes a gas fire extinguishing controller, a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a fire alarm, an audible and visual alarm, an emergency start and stop button, a deflation indicator light, a gas fire extinguishing system and a fire smoke exhaust system. The indoor environment monitoring system includes power supply and distribution monitoring, precision air-conditioning monitoring, temperature and humidity monitoring, video monitoring, access control system, fire protection monitoring, smoke monitoring and leakage prevention monitoring. The indoor network wiring system includes a workspace subsystem, a horizontal subsystem and a management room subsystem.

3. The BIM-based indoor optimization design system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the interior decoration system: the indoor ceiling is installed with thermal insulation cotton, and the indoor ceiling is coated with dust-proof paint, the surface of the indoor floor is attached with an anti-static veneer, and the indoor floor is made of one of aluminum alloy, all-steel and composite wood particle board, the indoor floor machine laying height is 0.4m-0.6m, the indoor wall is made of one of metal composite wall panels and aluminum-plastic panels, the indoor partition is made of tempered glass partition, the indoor doors and windows are installed with double-layer glass, the indoor windows are installed with anti-static curtains, and the distance between the anti-static curtains and the indoor windows is 50mm-60mm, and the height of the indoor doors is 2.1m-3m.

4. The BIM-based interior optimization design system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the indoor air conditioning environment system: the indoor precision air conditioner is provided with a filter, the fresh air ventilation system adopts one of a hanging installation and a cabinet unit, and the fresh air ventilation system performs two-way independent circulation of fresh air and dirty air through air ducts.

5. The BIM-based interior optimization design system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the indoor fire protection system: the gas fire extinguishing controller is used to receive the fire alarm signal of the fire detector, send out the sound and light alarm, start the linkage equipment, send out the start signal of releasing the fire extinguishing agent, receive the spraying feedback signal and light up the spraying indicator light. The operating voltage of the fire alarm and the sound and light alarm is DC24V.

6. The BIM-based interior optimization design system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the indoor environment monitoring system: the power distribution system mainly monitors the line voltage, line current, active power, reactive power, frequency, power factor and other parameters of the power distribution system and the status of the distribution switch, the video monitoring image adopts MPEG4 video compression, and the access control system consists of a controller, an inductive card reader, an electric lock and a door opening button.

7. The indoor optimization design system based on BIM according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the indoor network wiring system: the work area is composed of the connection lines connecting the terminal equipment to the information socket and the information socket, and the management subsystem is composed of cross-connected termination hardware (patch panel) and color code rules.

8. The BIM-based interior optimization design system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the indoor power supply and distribution system: the height difference of the sockets is 0.5mm-0.8mm, the height of the switch from the ground is 1.4m, and the distance from the door is 150-200mm, the insulation resistance between the wires is greater than 0.5MΩ, the grounding system includes safety protection grounding, safety protection grounding, DC grounding system, equipotential grounding, shielded grounding system, anti-static grounding system and lightning protection grounding system of power supply, the equipotential equalizing belt in the equipotential grounding is made of copper belt, and the lightning protector adopts a secondary overvoltage lightning arrester.

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