Method suitable for accurately predicting quality of mining resources in open-pit mining and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mineral resource development, in particular to a method suitable for accurately predicting the quality of mineral resources in open-pit mining and application, and the method comprises the steps: building a true three-dimensional database comprising mine exploration research data and mining area perforation production data, and combining with field geological condition judgment to obtain a real three-dimensional database; a large-spacing primary prospective region and a small-spacing secondary mine target region are compiled, and finally resource quality accurate prediction in two different directions, namely the edge direction and the deep direction, is carried out based on the large-spacing primary prospective region and the small-spacing secondary mine target region; the resource quality accurate prediction comprises ore body accurate prediction and ore product accurate prediction, and the ore body accurate prediction comprises edge ore body prediction and deep ore body prediction. The method provided by the invention is suitable for comprehensive and efficient development and utilization of various mineral resources with different occurrence scales and complex forms, and can provide scientific support for further precise mining on the production level, so that the resource development benefit and the resource comprehensive utilization rate are effectively improved, and cost reduction and benefit improvement are realized in the field of resource development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral resource development, and in particular to a method and application suitable for accurately predicting the quality of open-pit mining mineral resources. Background Art

[0002] Traditional mining methods are mainly divided into open-pit mining, underground mining, and underground-open-pit combined mining. Among them, open-pit mining has the following outstanding advantages: ① In the early preparation stage, the mining infrastructure period is relatively short; ② In terms of ore mining mechanization, open-pit mining has a higher mechanization level than underground mining due to the large operating space; ③ In terms of production efficiency, open-pit mining can carry out large-scale efficient production of multiple working faces at different production steps at the same time; ④ In terms of operating conditions, open-pit mining has better safety than underground mining. According to statistics, there are many open-pit mines in China. At present, open-pit mining of iron ore accounts for 77%, open-pit mining of non-ferrous metal mines accounts for 52%, open-pit mining of chemical mines accounts for 70%, and almost 100% of building materials mines are open-pit mining. In short, open-pit mining has higher mining efficiency, lower production costs and safer production and working conditions.

[0003] Although most of the current mining development in China is mainly open-pit mining, there are still many problems in the production and development process. For example: ① In production planning, the resource status to be mined is predicted based on large-spacing and extensive exploration data, resulting in unclear ore-rock boundaries and unknown ore types; ② In the production organization, it involves multiple links such as blasting area layout, drilling, blasting, quality, ore matching, shoveling, and transportation, and the work of each link is closely linked. If the on-site technicians cannot determine the characteristics of the mine to be mined, it is bound to make the multi-link open-pit mining process involving multiple departments tend to be extensive, greatly increasing the difficulty and efficiency of the work of the relevant departments in each link; ③ In terms of production efficiency, the resource mining recovery rate directly determines the mining efficiency output rate, especially for complex multi-mineral resources. How to develop and utilize complex multi-mineral resources is first to determine the endowment characteristics of the ore in the area to be mined, including the accurate prediction of the co-existence relationship of valuable elements, ore type, ore-rock boundary and other characteristics, so as to provide a scientific basis for the next step of precision mining. If we simply treat multi-mineral ore resources as just one type of ore, it will be detrimental to the comprehensive development and utilization of resources.

[0004] In recent years, facing the current development status of open-pit mining with "multi-department, multi-link, multi-point and multi-faceted extensive mining", many research teams have proposed a number of methods for predicting mine resources based on their own mines or working conditions. For example, "A comprehensive exploration method and system for mineral resources (CN117608000A)" and "A method and system for identifying pegmatite-type rare metal ores (CN116843884A)" use deep learning based on information such as strata, lithology, alteration, and mineralization interpreted by remote sensing to support regional prospecting prediction and mining area resource exploration; "A method and device for establishing an ore body grade model based on a gravity knowledge graph (CN117744774A)" matches gravity test data with geological exploration data to construct a gravity knowledge graph that characterizes the relationship between ore body grade and gravity characteristics, and predicts the ore body grade in the target range based on machine deep learning. These methods are mainly based on geophysical methods with multiple solutions, and mainly focus on regional-scale prospecting prediction or resource exploration in mining areas. They rarely involve accurate prediction of mineral resources at the production level within open-pit mines.

[0005] In addition, there are some methods based on three-dimensional digital modeling to build intelligent mining platforms, such as "A digital intelligent mine management system (CN108305183A)" and "A digital mining software platform (CN108305184A)", which realize the digitization and three-dimensional visualization of mines by building mine operation and mine production modules, and optimize the management of mining field resource conditions, medium- and long-term mining and stripping plans, on-site production scheduling, ore quality monitoring and other links through the mine data center, so as to support the organization of mining operations at the production site. Although these methods have certain support for the accurate prediction of mine resources, the accurate prediction of ore resource characteristics is a prerequisite. If the existing work results cannot be integrated to achieve accurate prediction of ore quality, even if a high-end mine digital model is built, it cannot effectively guide on-site production.

[0006] In summary, building a method to accurately predict the quality of mineral resources is particularly important for guiding efficient and high-quality production in mines. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and application suitable for accurately predicting the quality of mineral resources in open-pit mining, which solves the problem of accurately predicting mineral resources at the production level within the open-pit mine. The method is based on the advantages of open-pit mining, integrates existing production, exploration and research results, summarizes and summarizes the endowment characteristics of mined resources in a multi-scale and comprehensive manner, and accurately predicts the quality (quality) and quantity (output, scale) of resources to be developed in depth and to the edge in the next step, including the characteristics of the primary and secondary types of ore types of resources to be mined, the size of reserves, the quality of ore, etc., to provide scientific support for the next step of carrying out accurate mining at the production level, thereby effectively improving the benefits of resource development and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for accurately predicting the quality of open-pit mining resources is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step S1: Establishing a true three-dimensional database of the mineral, wherein the true three-dimensional database includes mine exploration and research data, mining area drilling production data, and other different types of data;

[0011] Step S2: by using the true three-dimensional database and combining with field geological conditions, a primary prospect area map of each mining area from shallow to deep on a certain horizontal plane is compiled based on large spacing, i.e., a primary prospect area; at the same time, a secondary prospect area map of valuable resources on the horizontal plane where the primary prospect area is located in the mined area is compiled based on small spacing, i.e., a secondary target area;

[0012] Step S3: Based on the field geological condition determination, the primary prospecting area and the secondary mineral target area, the resource quality of the mineral is accurately predicted in two different directions, namely, the edge and the deep direction; the resource quality accurate prediction includes the accurate prediction of the ore body and the accurate prediction of the mineral product, wherein the accurate prediction of the ore body includes the prediction of the edge ore body and the prediction of the deep ore body;

[0013] The prediction of the edge ore body includes: mainly referring to the boundary of the valuable resources of the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area, supplemented by using the primary prospect area of ​​the lower area to be mined as the basis for the limited extrapolation of the boundary of the ore body to be mined, to predict the edge ore body;

[0014] The deep ore body prediction includes: comparing the total area of ​​the primary prospective area of ​​the area to be mined with the total area of ​​the primary prospective area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area and determining that the ratio of the total areas of the two is a scaling ratio, projecting the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area along the ore body inclination and dip angle on the horizontal plane where the primary prospective area of ​​the area to be mined is located at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a projection boundary; scaling the projection boundary according to the scaling ratio to obtain a scaling boundary, and performing deep ore body prediction with the range of the scaling boundary as the deep inferred ore body range;

[0015] The precise prediction of mineral products includes: predicting the ore grade of the deep and side areas to be mined based on the detailed classification of ore types in the adjacent upper goaf area or the adjacent mined area. The detailed classification includes the types of co-existing mineral resources, the grade change characteristics of the main mineral species and the main ore types.

[0016] Furthermore, the attributes of the true three-dimensional database include engineering attributes and geological attributes. The engineering attributes include the three-dimensional coordinates of the prospecting project location, mining location, drilling inclination data, drilling depth, and perforation sampling location; the geological attributes include ore type, mineral composition of major valuable elements, and ore structure and structural characteristics.

[0017] Further, the source of the mine exploration and research data includes mine exploration and research materials, and the mine exploration and research materials include exploration profiles, layered planes, exploration engineering analysis data and engineering parameters, mining area geological maps, and geological structure maps obtained from exploration and research over the years, which can support the construction of the primary prospecting area; further, the exploration and research over the years includes exploration and research in three stages: general survey, detailed survey, and exploration;

[0018] And / or, the source of the mining area perforation production data includes the mining area perforation production data, and the mining area perforation production data includes the annual / monthly production plan diagram of the upper area that has been mined in recent years, the ore quality diagram of perforation sampling, and the real-time production status data of the mining area, which can support the construction of the secondary mining target area; further, the upper area that has been mined in recent years refers to the upper area that has been mined in the past year.

[0019] Further, the large spacing refers to the engineering spacing, and further, the large spacing refers to a spacing greater than 100m;

[0020] And / or, the small spacing refers to the perforation spacing, and further, the small spacing refers to the spacing of 6 to 9 m.

[0021] Furthermore, the field geological condition determination includes: determination of on-site ore-rock boundary characteristics, determination of main ore type characteristics, determination of structural ore-controlling structural surface characteristics, and determination of main occurrence forms of valuable elements in minerals.

[0022] Furthermore, the primary prospect area is obtained by compiling data including mining exploration and research data and field geological condition determination, and is used to make a preliminary prediction of the output scale, output form and average ore grade of the ore body;

[0023] And / or, the secondary mining target area is obtained by accurately characterizing the mining area's perforation production data and determining field geological conditions, and is used to make detailed predictions of ore types, grade distribution, and valuable resource reserves of different ore bodies.

[0024] Furthermore, when predicting the deep ore body, the ore body inclination and dip are obtained by comprehensive judgment based on the exploration profile in the mine exploration research data, the on-site ore-rock boundary characteristics in the field geological condition judgment, and the structural control ore structure surface characteristics.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention provides an application of a method suitable for accurately predicting the quality of open-pit mineral resources, wherein the application includes a mining application.

[0026] Furthermore, the application includes the application of single mineral species deposits and the application of complex co-existing multi-mineral species deposits.

[0027] Furthermore, the mining application includes: after accurately predicting the scale and quality of mineral resources, targeted blasting area planning and design application of drilling type, spacing, depth, explosive quantity, blasting method, shoveling and transportation methods.

[0028] The method for accurately predicting the quality of mineral resources provided by the present invention is suitable for accurately estimating the quality of ore in open-pit mining. The invention has important practicality and originality for the efficient development of mining resources in open-pit mining. It involves core technical work in multiple links in the fields of geology and mining, supports the construction of a "geology-mining" consortium, and is suitable for the comprehensive and efficient development and utilization of resources with different occurrence scales, complex forms, and multiple mineral species. It can maximize the benefits of open-pit mining resources and realize the integration of technical management and on-site production organization in a coordinated, efficient, and high-quality direction. In the field of open-pit resource development, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] ① Based on the actual situation, scientific and accurate prediction. Compared with the traditional mineral prediction method, this invention is based on massive, systematic, comprehensive and accurate first-hand engineering and test data, combined with the results of the first large-spacing and second small-spacing mining, to scientifically predict the deep and marginal valuable resource ore bodies.

[0030] ② The accurate prediction of the "quantity" and "quality" of mineral resources provides a scientific basis for downstream fine mining. The present invention not only predicts the spatial occurrence of valuable resources, but also scientifically predicts the quality of ore, especially for the development of some small-scale and complex ore bodies. Generally speaking, the smaller the scale of the ore body, the more complex the occurrence, and the greater the difficulty of mining, especially for high-value rare metals or precious metals, such as niobium and gold, so it is of great significance.

[0031] ③ Reduce costs and increase efficiency, and guide production exploration and deep marginal reserve exploration. Through multi-scale and multi-directional understanding of the spatial distribution law of valuable resources, when carrying out supplementary production exploration or deep marginal prospecting in the next step, this invention can effectively guide the exploration direction, reduce ineffective prospecting construction costs, and increase resource reserves.

[0032] ④ Scientifically organize production and optimize existing production processes. Through precise control of ore quality, in the process of organizing production, medium- and long-term mining plans and programs can be formulated in an orderly manner, reducing redundant processes in the existing production process and ensuring high-quality and efficient production activities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 The specific research technology flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a diagram of an accurate prediction model for mineral resource quality in open-pit mining of rare earth-niobium polymetallic deposits according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The process parameters of the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are usually based on conventional conditions.

[0037] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be regarded as specifically disclosed in the present invention.

[0038] The terms in this invention have common meanings in the industry, including:

[0039] Minerals refer to all natural mineral or rock resources buried underground (or distributed on the surface, or weathered by rocks, or rock deposits) that can be used by humans.

[0040] An ore body refers to a geological body that contains sufficient amounts of ore and has mining value, and has a certain shape, occurrence and scale.

[0041] The boundary of the ore body (ore-rock boundary). The rocks around the ore body that have no economic significance are the surrounding rocks of the ore body. The boundary between the ore body and the surrounding rock is the ore-rock boundary. Some are clear and distinct, while others are gradually transitioned.

[0042] Ore body occurrence refers to the state of the ore body in space, including the strike, inclination, dip, lateral direction, lateral angle and dip angle of the ore body. These elements describe the extension direction and shape of the ore body in space.

[0043] Ore refers to a mineral aggregate from which useful components can be extracted or which itself has certain properties that can be utilized.

[0044] Ore endowment characteristics mainly include ore type, grade, distribution, and geological and physical properties.

[0045] Ore types are divided by comprehensively considering the co-existence of valuable elements in the ore, the co-existence of the main gangue minerals, the ore structure, and the structural characteristics. For example, there are 9 types of ore types divided in the Bayan Obo deposit: massive niobium rare earth iron ore, banded fluorite niobium rare earth iron ore, aegirine (sodium pyroxene) niobium rare earth iron ore, sodium amphibole niobium rare earth iron ore, dolomite niobium rare earth iron ore, biotite niobium rare earth iron ore, aegirine niobium rare earth ore, dolomite niobium rare earth ore, and diopside niobium rare earth ore.

[0046] Ore grade (ore product): Ore grade refers to the content of useful components or useful minerals in a unit volume or unit weight of ore. It is usually expressed as a percentage by weight.

[0047] The average ore grade refers to the total average content of useful components in the ore, and is usually used to measure the economic value and richness of the ore deposit.

[0048] Associated mineral resources refer to a series of mineral resources that exist along with a certain main mineral resource within a certain geographical space.

[0049] Ore texture mainly describes the shape, relative size and spatial relationship of mineral particles in the ore. The main types include: coarse grains, fine grains; equigranular structure, inequigranular structure; lamellar structure, fibrous structure, annular structure, oriented crystal structure, closely connected crystal structure, edge replacement structure, broken cementation structure, spherulite structure, debris structure, etc.

[0050] Ore texture mainly describes the characteristics of the mineral aggregates that make up the ore, including shape, size and spatial combination relationship. The main types include: massive structure, impregnation structure, spotted structure, banded structure, veinlet structure, brecciated structure, grid structure, soil structure, etc.

[0051] Structural ore-controlling structural plane refers to the structural plane that controls the output state of the ore body. Structural structural plane refers to the fracture surface caused by tectonic stress in the rock mass, such as cleavage, joints, faults and interlayer dislocation planes. These structural planes are usually formed by stress changes caused by natural processes such as crustal movement and magma activity.

[0052] The main occurrence forms of valuable elements in minerals include different types of independent mineral forms, isomorphous forms and adsorbed forms.

[0053] In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for accurately predicting the quality of open-pit mining resources is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step S1: Establishing a true three-dimensional database of the mineral, wherein the true three-dimensional database includes mine exploration and research data, mining area drilling production data, and other different types of data;

[0055] Step S2: by using the true three-dimensional database and combining with field geological conditions, a primary prospect area map of each mining area from shallow to deep on a certain horizontal plane is compiled based on large spacing, i.e., a primary prospect area; at the same time, a secondary prospect area map of valuable resources on the horizontal plane where the primary prospect area is located in the mined area is compiled based on small spacing, i.e., a secondary target area;

[0056] Step S3: Based on the field geological condition determination, the primary prospecting area and the secondary mineral target area, the resource quality of the mineral is accurately predicted in two different directions, namely, the edge and the deep direction; the resource quality accurate prediction includes the accurate prediction of the ore body and the accurate prediction of the mineral product, wherein the accurate prediction of the ore body includes the prediction of the edge ore body and the prediction of the deep ore body;

[0057] The prediction of the edge ore body includes: mainly referring to the boundary of the valuable resources of the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area, supplemented by using the primary prospect area of ​​the lower area to be mined as the basis for the limited extrapolation of the boundary of the ore body to be mined, to predict the edge ore body;

[0058] The deep ore body prediction includes: comparing the total area of ​​the primary prospective area of ​​the area to be mined with the total area of ​​the primary prospective area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area and determining that the ratio of the total areas of the two is a scaling ratio, projecting the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area along the ore body inclination and dip angle on the horizontal plane where the primary prospective area of ​​the area to be mined is located at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a projection boundary; scaling the projection boundary according to the scaling ratio to obtain a scaling boundary, and performing deep ore body prediction with the range of the scaling boundary as the deep inferred ore body range;

[0059] The precise prediction of mineral products includes: predicting the ore grade of the deep and side areas to be mined based on the detailed classification of ore types in the adjacent upper goaf area or the adjacent mined area. The detailed classification includes the types of co-existing mineral resources, the grade change characteristics of the main mineral species and the main ore types.

[0060] The method of the present invention solves the problem of accurate prediction of mineral resources at the production level within the scope of the open-pit mine. Based on the advantages of open-pit mining, the existing production, exploration and research results are integrated to summarize and conclude the endowment characteristics of the mined resources in a multi-scale and comprehensive manner, and accurately predict the quality and output scale of the next step of developing resources in depth and to the edge, including the primary and secondary types of ore of the resources to be mined, the size of the reserves, the quality of the ore, etc., to provide scientific support for the next step of carrying out accurate mining at the production level, thereby effectively improving the benefits of resource development and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources.

[0061] The method of the present invention has important practicality and originality for the efficient development of mine resources by open-pit mining. It involves core technical work in multiple links of geology and mining fields, supports the construction of a "geology-mining" consortium, and is suitable for the comprehensive and efficient development and utilization of minerals with different occurrence scales, complex forms, and multiple mineral resources. It realizes the integration of technical management and on-site production organization in the direction of coordination, efficiency, and high quality, and can strive to maximize the benefits of open-pit mining resources.

[0062] The true three-dimensional database in the method of the present invention, including mine exploration and research data, mining area perforation production data and other different types of data, is based on the premise of systematic data collation. The detailed and accurate degree of collected data directly determines the scientificity and accuracy of subsequent technology development and application. The data collection involved in the present invention mainly includes two aspects, one is the exploration and research data of the mine over the years, and the other is the perforation production data of the upper area / step in the mining area in recent years.

[0063] As an optional implementation manner of the method of the present invention, the source of the mine exploration and research data includes mine exploration and research materials, and the mine exploration and research materials include exploration profiles, stratified plans, exploration engineering analysis data and engineering parameters, mining area geological maps, and geological structure maps obtained from exploration and research over the years, which can support the construction of the primary prospecting area; further, the exploration and research over the years include exploration and research in three stages: general survey, detailed survey, and exploration. And / or, the source of the mining area perforation production data includes the mining area perforation production data, and the mining area perforation production data include the annual / monthly production plan diagram of the upper area that has been mined in recent years, the ore quality diagram of perforation sampling, the real-time production status data of the mining area, etc. These mining area perforation production data, especially the annual / monthly production plan diagram and the ore quality diagram of perforation sampling, can reflect the ore type and distribution, ore grade and distribution (valuable element content and distribution), co-existence of multiple mineral species, reserve scale and other information. The real-time production status data of the mining area includes information such as roads, slopes, on-site operating machinery, and main on-site operating parts, which are used to support the construction of the secondary mining target area; further, the upper area that has been mined in recent years refers to the upper area that has been mined in the past year. Generally, based on the scale of the mine, large mines basically have one production step a year, and small mines may have several production steps a year, so the production data of the past year are sufficient. In addition, the attributes of the true three-dimensional database include engineering attributes and geological attributes. The engineering attributes include the prospecting project location, mining location, drilling inclination data, drilling depth, three-dimensional coordinates of the perforation sampling location, etc.; the geological attributes include ore type, mineral composition of major valuable elements, ore structure and structural characteristics, etc.

[0064] The establishment process of the true three-dimensional database of the present invention not only involves a large amount of indoor research, but also involves field geological surveys. The two complement each other. Through indoor research, the direction of field geological surveys is guided. At the same time, through field geological surveys, the deficiencies of indoor research are supplemented and improved. During the field geological survey of the present invention, the main work is to determine the field geological conditions, with the focus on finding out the output conditions and mutual relationships of "ore", "rock" and "structure". At the same time, the field geological conditions are determined by referring to the geological condition data, and finally the occurrence and extension direction of the structural ore-controlling structure surface, the output scale and change trend of the ore body, and the contact relationship between the surrounding rocks and the ore body are determined. The extension law of the valuable ore body in space is controlled later, and then the quality of the ore is accurately inferred from the depth and edge. Therefore, as an optional implementation method of the method of the present invention, the field geological condition determination includes: on-site ore-rock boundary feature determination, main ore type feature determination, structural ore-controlling structure surface feature determination, and main occurrence form feature determination of valuable elements in minerals. In addition, in the present invention, the ore body tendency and dip angle are obtained by analyzing the exploration profile perpendicular to the ore body trend and comprehensively judging the field geological survey of the ore-rock boundary, the structural control ore structure surface characteristics, etc.

[0065] The present invention compiles a primary prospect area map (primary prospect area) and a secondary prospect area map (secondary prospect area) through field geological condition determination and true three-dimensional database. More specifically, the primary prospect area is obtained by compiling based on large spacing including mining exploration research data and field geological condition determination; the secondary prospect area is obtained by compiling based on small spacing including mining area perforation production data and field geological condition determination; therefore, the primary prospect area map and the secondary prospect area map have different advantages and disadvantages for accurately estimating the quality of ore. In terms of engineering control accuracy, the primary prospecting area map is based on the prospecting conditions of different resources revealed by large-spacing exploration data (generally, the engineering spacing is greater than 100m), while the secondary target area map is based on different resource targets engraved with systematic small-spacing production data (generally, the perforation spacing is about 6 to 9m). Therefore, the regional accuracy of the secondary target area map is better than that of the primary prospecting area map. In terms of ore quality evaluation, the primary prospecting area map is mainly based on information such as exploration engineering and ground geological surveys, especially exploration engineering analysis data and related drilling data in engineering parameters, to conduct a large-scale assessment of the approximate scale of ore body output, ore body output form, average mineral The secondary target area map is based on the real-time first-hand field information formed during the on-site production process, including ore type, grade distribution, resource reserves, etc., and accurately depicts the characteristics of different ore bodies on a small scale. Therefore, the regional results of the secondary target area map are more accurate than those of the primary prospect area map. In terms of guiding the prediction of deep and marginal resources, since the exploration project has an extension in both breadth and depth of ore body control, and the secondary target area map is mainly subject to the mining process, the primary prospect area map has a certain guiding role in the prediction of deep and marginal mineral resources, but it is limited by the accuracy of engineering control and cannot achieve accurate prediction of mineral resources. However, based on the small-spacing secondary target area map, it is possible to accurately predict the resources to be mined within the mining area, thereby supporting precise mining at the production level. Therefore, the principle of predicting ore body delineation in the present invention is "accurate prediction of edge resources, with secondary ore target area as the main focus and primary prospective area as the auxiliary; accurate prediction of deep resources is to give equal weight to primary prospective area and secondary ore target area", that is: when predicting edge ore bodies, the main reference is the boundary valuable resources of the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper mined-out step, especially the ore type, etc., while the primary prospective area of ​​the lower step to be mined is used as the basis for limited extrapolation of the boundary of the ore body to be mined, so as to delineate the edge ore bodies.When predicting deep ore bodies, it is necessary to refer to both the primary prospecting area and the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper mined-out step, as well as the primary prospecting area of ​​the lower step to be mined. The specific reference is as follows: First, the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper mined-out step is projected along the ore body inclination and dip angle to the plane where the primary prospecting area of ​​the lower step to be mined is located. Secondly, the scaling ratio is determined by comparing the total areas of the primary prospecting areas of the upper and lower adjacent steps (i.e., the ratio of the total area of ​​the primary prospecting area of ​​the lower step to be mined / the total area of ​​the primary prospecting area of ​​the upper mined step). Then, according to the scaling ratio, the projection of the secondary ore target area of ​​the upper mined-out step is scaled, and the scaled range is the range of the deep ore body to be delineated. Therefore, as an optional implementation mode of the method of the present invention, the primary prospect area is obtained by compiling data including mine exploration and research data and field geological conditions, and is used to make preliminary predictions on the output scale, output form and average ore grade of the ore body; and / or, the secondary mineral target area is obtained by accurately characterizing the mining area perforation production data and field geological conditions, and is used to make detailed predictions on the ore type, grade distribution and valuable resource reserves of different ore bodies.

[0066] The second aspect of the present invention provides applications of the method described in the first aspect, including mining applications.

[0067] As an optional implementation mode of the application of the present invention, the application includes the application of a single mineral deposit and the application of a complex co-existing multi-mineral deposit.

[0068] As an optional implementation mode of the application of the present invention, the mining application includes: after accurately predicting the scale and quality of mineral resources, targeted blasting area planning and design application of drilling type, spacing, depth, amount of explosives, blasting method, shoveling and transportation methods.

[0069] The method of the present invention, in terms of geological applications, can make the most realistic limited guesses on the quality and quantity of deep and marginal resources based on current production conditions and needs, can formulate medium- and long-term production plans, and dynamically control them, thereby ensuring that the production department organizes production in an orderly manner; in terms of mining applications, especially for some high-efficiency, complex-shaped ore bodies, the relevant production departments can carry out targeted designs of perforation types, spacing, depths, amounts of explosives, blasting methods, shoveling and transportation methods, etc. based on the prediction results of the present invention, thereby improving the unit economic benefits while improving the on-site mining process.

[0070] In summary, the method of the present invention mainly involves four levels, namely, preliminary data preparation, comprehensive deduction and induction, accurate resource prediction and on-site production application. From top to bottom, each level mainly presents a mutually progressive logical relationship, especially the work in the data preparation and comprehensive deduction and induction stages, which greatly determines the scientific nature of accurate resource prediction and the feasibility of on-site production application.

[0071] The specific research technical route process of the method of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 The specific contents of the four levels are as follows:

[0072] (1) Preliminary information preparation

[0073] Preliminary data collection is the most important physical basis for the technical integration of the present invention. The detailedness and accuracy of the collected data directly determine the scientificity and accuracy of subsequent technical development and application.

[0074] The data collection involved in the present invention mainly includes two aspects. One is the mine exploration and research data (mine exploration and research data over the years), which specifically includes exploration profiles, stratified planes, exploration engineering analysis data and engineering parameters, mining area geological maps, geological structure maps and other categories of data obtained from the three stages of exploration and research (general survey, detailed investigation, and exploration). Among them, the exploration engineering analysis data and engineering parameters include valuable element content, sampling location data information and lithology data information, drilling depth, inclinometric data, drilling three-dimensional coordinates, etc. The main disciplines involved in these categories include engineering exploration, ore deposits, mineralogy, petrology, and structural geology. Among them, engineering exploration focuses on engineering geological practice, while ore deposits, mineralogy, petrology, and structural geology focus on basic geological research. The research basis of the present invention is based on multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary basic information to ensure the scientific nature of accurate resource prediction.

[0075] The second is the perforation production data of the mining area (perforation production data of the upper steps in the mining area in recent years), which mainly includes the annual / monthly production plan diagram of the upper steps that have been mined in the past year, the ore quality diagram of perforation sampling, the real-time production status of the mining area (roads, slopes, on-site operating machinery, main on-site operating parts, etc.). The annual / monthly production plan diagram and the ore quality diagram of perforation sampling can reflect the ore type and distribution, ore grade and distribution (valuable element content and distribution), multi-ore co-existence status, reserve scale and other information. The ore quality diagram of perforation sampling is obtained based on comprehensive and systematic perforation sampling of different parts.

[0076] Based on these massive amounts of information with precise locations and accurate content, we systematically organize the data and establish a true three-dimensional database, including data of different categories, such as mining exploration and research data, mining area drilling production data, and other different types of data. The main attributes of the true three-dimensional database include engineering attributes and geological attributes. The engineering attributes include the location of the prospecting project, the location of the stripping, the drilling inclination data, the drilling depth, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the drilling sampling location; the geological attributes include the ore type, the mineral composition of the main valuable elements, and the ore structure and structural characteristics. This provides a practical basis for the next step of comprehensive deduction and induction.

[0077] (2) Comprehensive deductive induction

[0078] Comprehensive deduction and induction is the most important working foundation of the technical integration of this invention, which involves a large amount of indoor comprehensive research (data theory research) and field geological survey (practical field research). The two complement each other. Indoor research guides the direction of field geological survey. At the same time, field geological survey supplements and improves the deficiencies of indoor research.

[0079] In the field geological survey, the main thing is to determine the field geological conditions, with the focus on understanding the output status and mutual relationship of "ore", "rock" and "structure". The main contents of conducting field geological condition survey and determining field geological conditions include: on-site ore-rock boundary characteristics, main ore type characteristics, structural ore-controlling structural surface characteristics, and main occurrence form characteristics of valuable elements in minerals. By determining the occurrence and extension direction of the structural ore-controlling structural surface, the output scale and change trend of the ore body, and the contact relationship between the surrounding rock and the ore body, the spatial extension law of the next valuable ore body can be controlled, thereby supporting the accurate inference of ore quality in depth and to the edge.

[0080] In terms of indoor comprehensive research, the main work content is to compile a series of basic drawings based on the results of the preliminary data collation, namely the true three-dimensional database, combined with the on-site production process and the determination of field geological conditions using drawing software, including the preparation of primary mining prospect area maps for different production design platforms based on large-spacing, deep-controlled exploration data (i.e. primary mining prospect area or primary prospect area or primary mining), and the drawing of systematic small-spacing secondary mining target area maps of valuable resources (i.e. secondary mining target area or secondary mining target area or secondary mining) based on the open-pit production site.

[0081] It should be noted that the primary prospecting area and the secondary mining target area have different advantages and disadvantages for accurately estimating ore quality, as follows:

[0082] First, in terms of engineering control accuracy, the primary prospecting area is based on the prospecting conditions of different resources revealed by the exploration data with large spacing (generally the engineering spacing is greater than 100m), while the secondary mining target area is based on the different resource targets engraved by the production data with small spacing (generally the perforation spacing is about 6-9m) of the system, so the regional accuracy of the secondary mining target area is more precise than that of the primary mining prospecting area;

[0083] Second, in terms of ore quality evaluation, the primary prospecting area is mainly to infer the approximate scale of ore body output, ore body output form, average ore grade and other characteristics on a large scale based on information such as exploration engineering and ground geological surveys before the production and development of the mine. However, the secondary mining target area is based on the real-time first-hand field information formed during the on-site production process, including ore type, grade distribution, resource reserves, etc., to accurately characterize the characteristics of different ore bodies on a small scale, so the regional results of the secondary mining target area are more accurate than those of the primary prospecting area;

[0084] Third, in terms of guiding the prospecting of deep and marginal resources, since the exploration project has extended the breadth and depth of ore body control, and the secondary ore target area is mainly subject to the mining process, the results of the primary prospect area have a certain guiding role in the prediction of deep and marginal mineral resources, but are limited by the accuracy of engineering control and cannot achieve accurate prediction of mineral resources. However, based on the small-spacing secondary ore target area, it is possible to accurately predict the mineral resources of the steps to be produced within the mining area, thereby supporting accurate mining at the production level.

[0085] (3) Accurate resource prediction

[0086] The resource accurate prediction method based on open-pit mining is an important phase achievement of the technical work of the present invention, which mainly includes accurate prediction of resource quality in two different directions ( Figure 2 ) to accurately predict the scale (quantity) and quality (quality) of resources in the deep and marginal areas.

[0087] Regarding the prediction of resource scale, it is mainly reflected in its prediction / speculation of ore body delineation. The principle of predicting ore body delineation in the present invention is "accurate prediction of marginal resources, mainly based on secondary ore target areas, supplemented by primary prospective areas; accurate prediction of deep resources is equal emphasis on primary prospective areas and secondary ore target areas". The main reason is that the open-pit mining method is mainly to develop from the center to the surrounding areas, so when accurately predicting marginal resources, at least the results of the secondary ore target areas of the adjacent mined areas and the goaf of the previous step can be referred to. As for the scope of the primary prospective area, it can be appropriately used as a basis for limited extrapolation of the ore body. When accurately predicting deep resources downward, the main references are the results of the primary prospective area of ​​the step to be mined, the adjacent previous step, and the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent previous step. Compared with the accurate prediction of marginal resources, the effective direct information indicating resource output in the primary prospective area is limited, so when making accurate resource predictions, the primary prospective area and the secondary ore target area need to be given equal weight.

[0088] Regarding the ore body delineation method, the present invention partially refers to the "ore body delineation" in the current "Specifications for Solid Mineral Exploration (GB / T33444-2016)" and combines the existing work practice of the team to innovatively provide a method for accurate prediction of ore bodies. The method is as follows: considering the overall occurrence (dip and inclination) of the ore body, the known ore body boundary (secondary ore target area of ​​the previous mined area) is projected 1:1 to the plane where the primary ore prospect of the next adjacent unmined area is located, and then the projection boundary is scaled according to the total area ratio of the unmined area to the primary prospect area of ​​the previous mined area as the scaling ratio to obtain the scaled boundary, and the deep ore body prediction is performed with the range of the scaled boundary as the deep inferred ore body range;

[0089] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for accurately predicting ore quality, which is mainly based on the fine classification of ore types in the previous goaf area or adjacent mining area (including the types of associated mineral resources, the characteristics of grade changes of major mineral species, and the main ore types, etc.), so as to constrain the predicted deep and edge ore characteristics. On the one hand, it can support the practice of precision mining, and on the other hand, it is conducive to the efficient organization of production.

[0090] (4) On-site production application

[0091] The results of accurate estimation of mineral resource quality achieved based on the present invention play a key role in each link of "land-mining".

[0092] In terms of geology, as the eyes for organizing mining activities, based on current production conditions and needs, and under the comprehensive deduction of multi-dimensional geological information, we have made the most realistic limited speculation on the "quality" and "quantity" of deep and marginal mineral resources, laying a practical foundation for the subsequent dynamic formulation of medium- and long-term production plans and ensuring the orderly organization of production by the production department.

[0093] In terms of mining, based on the results of accurate speculation on the quality of mineral resources, for some high-efficiency, complex-shaped ore bodies, the relevant production departments can carry out targeted designs of drilling types, spacing, depth, amount of explosives, blasting methods, shoveling and transportation methods, thereby improving and optimizing on-site mining processes while improving unit economic benefits.

[0094] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0095] Example

[0096] The Bayan Obo deposit in Inner Mongolia is rich in mineral resources, including iron, rare earth, niobium, fluorite, and other valuable resources. Among them, rare earth and fluorite are national strategic key advantage minerals, iron and niobium are strategic key shortage minerals, and niobium resources are small-scale, complex in form, and have large ore grade variations. In the face of the complexity of resources and their occurrence and the current development status of "multi-department, multi-link, multi-point and multi-faceted extensive mining", combined with the attached Figure 1 The technical route shown, taking the Bayan Obo rare earth-niobium polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia as an example, the implementation steps of the method of the present invention are described in detail as follows:

[0097] S1: Establishing a true three-dimensional database of the Bayan Obo rare earth-niobium polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia, wherein the true three-dimensional database includes mine exploration and research data, mining area drilling production data, and other different types of data;

[0098] First, we collected all kinds of existing data, mainly including the exploration and research data of the mine over the years, and the perforation production data of the upper steps in the mining area in recent years. The exploration and research data of the mine over the years specifically include the exploration profiles, stratified planes, exploration engineering analysis data and engineering parameters, mining area geological maps, geological structure maps, and ore type characteristic data of the mined area obtained in the three stages of exploration and research, namely, survey, detailed investigation, and exploration; the perforation production data of the upper steps in the mining area in recent years specifically include the annual / monthly production plan map for the past year, the ore quality map based on systematic perforation sampling, and the real-time production status of the mining area.

[0099] Then all the collected data are classified and databased to establish a true three-dimensional database with different categories of data. Its main attributes include engineering attributes and geological attributes. The engineering attributes include the prospecting project location, mining location, drilling inclination data, drilling depth, three-dimensional coordinates of the perforation sampling location, etc.; the geological attributes include ore type, mineral composition of major valuable elements, ore structure and structural characteristics, etc.

[0100] S2: Based on the true three-dimensional database and combined with the field geological conditions, a primary prospect area map of the top surface of each mining step from shallow to deep is compiled based on large spacing (spacing greater than 100m), i.e., the primary prospect area; at the same time, a secondary prospect area map of the valuable resources on the top surface of the mined step is compiled based on small spacing (spacing of 6 to 9m), i.e., the secondary target area;

[0101] Specifically, based on the results of S1 database construction, we will further carry out indoor comprehensive research and field geological surveys, and mainly carry out the following work: ① Based on large-spacing, deep-controlled exploration data, especially exploration engineering analysis data and related drilling data in engineering parameters, compile a primary prospect map of different production design platforms, and infer the approximate scale of ore body output, ore body output form, average ore grade and other characteristics on a large scale to guide the prediction of deep and marginal mineral resources. ② Based on the open-pit production site, we will conduct systematic small-spacing valuable resource secondary ore target areas, and accurately characterize the different characteristics of the ore body on a small scale, including ore type, grade distribution, resource reserves, etc., so as to conduct high-quality evaluation of ore quality. ③ Through field geological surveys, we will determine the field geological conditions, find out the output status and mutual relationship of "ore", "rock" and "structure", and its main work includes: determining the characteristics of the on-site ore-rock boundary, the characteristics of the main ore types, the characteristics of the structural control ore structure surface, and the characteristics of the main minerals containing valuable elements. Combining the results of primary prospecting areas, secondary mining target areas and field geological surveys, scientific support will be provided for the next step of controlling the spatial extension patterns of valuable ore bodies and accurately predicting the quality of ore in depth and to the edges.

[0102] S3: Based on the field geological conditions, the primary prospecting area and the secondary mining target area, the resource quality of the mineral is accurately predicted in two different directions, namely, the edge and the depth; the resource quality accurate prediction includes the accurate prediction of the ore body and the accurate prediction of the mineral product, wherein:

[0103] The accurate prediction of mineral products includes: mainly based on the fine classification of ore types in the adjacent upper goaf steps or adjacent mined areas, so as to predict the ore grade of the deep and side parts to be mined, and the fine classification includes the types of associated mineral resources, the characteristics of grade changes of major mineral species and the main ore types;

[0104] The accurate prediction of ore bodies includes prediction of edge ore bodies and prediction of deep ore bodies. The prediction of edge ore bodies includes: mainly referring to the boundary of valuable resources of the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf step, supplemented by the primary prospect area of ​​the lower production step as the basis for limited extrapolation of the boundary of the to-be-mined ore body, to predict the edge ore bodies; specifically combined with Figure 2 Deductive explanation:

[0105] When predicting to the edge, it is known that the secondary mining target areas of the goaf step are A-fluorite niobium ore, B-dolomite niobium ore, and C-nephrite niobium ore from left to right (the specific ore grade can be seen in Table 1). At the same time, according to the mined area on the left side of the production step, the ore types of the mined ore bodies are still A fluorite niobium ore, B dolomite niobium ore, and C nephrite niobium ore from left to right. Therefore, for the area to be mined on the right, it can be predicted according to the ore types and output mined from the goaf step and the mined area. Figure 2 At the junction of the mined area and the area to be mined, it can be seen that there is only C niobium ore here, and the mined volume of C niobium ore is 62.34m 2 Compared with the predicted 102.77m 2 (Table 1) is relatively small, so it can be predicted that the ore body on the right side should still be some C niobium ore, and the amount (area) to be mined is 40.43m 2 The grade is 0.22%. The ore body boundary shape should be similar to the secondary mining target area shape of the previous goaf step, and the primary mining prospect area of ​​the production step can be further used as a limited extrapolation basis to speculate the ore body boundary expansion at the edge of the production step.

[0106] Table 1 The prospecting area of ​​the primary mining area of ​​each mining step and the prediction and actual results of the edge / deep ore body

[0107]

[0108] Note: 1. The “ore type A\B\C\D” in Table 1 is different from Figure 2A\B\C\D in the table all refer to: A - fluorite niobium ore, B - dolomite niobium ore, C - nephrite niobium ore, D - mica niobium ore; 2. The "area of ​​the prospective area for primary mining" in Table 1 is Figure 2 The pink area on the top of each step in Table 1 is the area ratio of the next step to the previous step, that is, Figure 2 The ratio of the pink area between the next step and the previous step, such as the scaling ratio of the production step is 0.668 = 497 / 744, and the scaling ratio of the unmined step 1 is 0.763 = 379 / 497; the "secondary circle / deep area" in Table 1 is the secondary circle area or the deep area, where the secondary circle area is the area of ​​the secondary circle target area, that is, Figure 2 The red area on the top of the middle goaf step is the area; the deep area is the actual area of ​​the deep ore body, such as Figure 2 The area of ​​the red mined ore body on the top of the mined area on the left side of the production step; the "edge / corrected area" in Table 1 is the edge area or corrected area, where the edge area is the actual area of ​​the edge ore body, and the corrected area is the area of ​​the corrected range of the mining edge. The corrected range can be an increased range such as Figure 2 The blue area in the unmined step 1 (the mining actual correction adds D), can also be the subtracted range such as Figure 2 The blue area in the production step (the actual correction range of mining); the "deep prediction area" in Table 1 is the deep estimated ore body area, that is, Figure 2 The sum of the red and blue areas on the top of the production bench, and the red area on the top of the unmined bench 1 and the unmined bench 2; the "edge area to be mined" in Table 1 is the estimated ore body area at the edge, that is, Figure 2 The red area to be mined on the right side of the production step.

[0109] The deep ore body prediction includes: comparing the total area of ​​the primary prospect area of ​​the area to be mined with the total area of ​​the primary prospect area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area and determining the ratio of the total area of ​​the two as a scaling ratio; projecting the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area along the ore body inclination and dip angle on the horizontal plane where the primary prospect area of ​​the area to be mined is located at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a projection boundary; scaling the projection boundary according to the scaling ratio to obtain a scaling boundary, and using the range of the scaling boundary as the deep inferred ore body range to perform deep ore body prediction. Figure 2 Deductive explanation:

[0110] When predicting in depth, the total area sizes of the primary mining prospective areas of the two adjacent production areas, namely the next mining area / bench and the previous goaf area / bench, are compared to determine the total area ratio as the scaling ratio. The scaling ratio of each goaf area / bench can be seen in Table 1; the secondary mining target area of ​​the previous goaf area / bench is projected 1:1 along the ore body inclination and dip angle to the horizontal plane where the primary mining prospective area of ​​the next mining area / bench is located to obtain the projection boundary. The projection boundary is scaled according to the scaling ratio to obtain the scaling boundary. The scaling boundary range is used as the deep inferred ore body range for deep ore body prediction, for example Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the combined range of the red area and the blue area on the top of the production step is the range obtained by scaling the projection of the secondary ore target area of ​​the goaf step according to the scaling ratio, that is, the predicted range of the deep ore body of the step. During the mining process, the boundary of the predicted range of the deep ore body is corrected according to the actual mining situation. The blue part is the actual correction range of mining. For the mined area of ​​the production step, after the blue area is corrected, the actual mined ore body range is smaller than the predicted range. The specific data can be seen in Table 1.

[0111] S4: Apply the prediction method to actual mining.

[0112] After obtaining the research results of S3, scientific production plans are formulated, and in the mining process, the existing mining process is optimized, which mainly includes the following aspects: ① In the formulation of production plans, based on the current production status and needs, in line with the principle of fine mining, the perforation and blasting area design, on-site construction cycle, ore type classification, valuable resource perforation verification, etc. are planned to ensure that the production department organizes production in an orderly manner and provide basic support for the subsequent optimization of existing mining processes. ② In terms of optimizing the existing mining process, for some high-efficiency and complex ore bodies, in line with the principle of "efficient and fine mining of ore, committed to reducing the ore depletion rate", combined with the output characteristics of the ore body, by optimizing the technical parameters of each mining link (perforation, blasting, shoveling, transportation, etc.), such as perforation type, spacing, depth, amount of explosives, blasting method, shoveling and transportation method, etc., so as to improve the unit economic benefits while improving and optimizing the on-site mining process.

[0113] In the actual mining process, as the mining process proceeds, Figure 2After the middle production step is fully mined, the secondary ore target area can be obtained on its top surface. Refer to the "deep ore body prediction" in S3, that is, the secondary ore target area of ​​the production step is projected 1:1 along the ore body inclination and dip angle to the top surface of the unmined step 1, and the red area of ​​the top surface of the unmined step 1 is obtained after scaling according to the scaling ratio of the unmined step 1, that is, the deep inferred ore body of the unmined step 1 is obtained, including three parts: A fluorite niobium ore, B dolomite niobium ore and C nephrite niobium ore, and their respective ore grades should be the same as the grades of the same ore mined in the previous production step. With the actual mining of the unmined step 1, it was finally found that the mining volume (area) of the A fluorite niobium ore, B dolomite niobium ore and C nephrite niobium ore parts were reduced, and the ore products of the B dolomite niobium ore changed, but the newly added D mica niobium ore was found at the boundary of the A fluorite niobium ore part as shown in the blue area. Finally, when the secondary ore target area is obtained on the top surface of the unmined step 1, the red area can be further projected and scaled on the top surface of the unmined step 2, which is the deep inferred ore body of the unmined step 2. The deep inferred ore body of the unmined step 2 is composed of four types of ores, ABCD, and the boundary shape is consistent with the shape of the secondary ore target area of ​​the unmined step 1. The grade of each type of ore is the same as the grade of the same ore mined on the previous step. The actual mining results of the goaf step, production step and unmined step 1 can be seen in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that as the mining progresses, the accuracy of the ore prediction has been very high, and as the mining depth increases, the ore body correction becomes less and less, and the ore body prediction becomes more and more accurate. This embodiment realizes the precise positioning of niobium ore resource classification and its fine mining through the method of the present invention.

[0114] It can be seen that the present invention is suitable for a method for accurately predicting the quality of open-pit mining resources, and is suitable for the comprehensive and efficient development and utilization of resources with different production scales, complex forms, and multiple mineral species. It can provide scientific support for the next step of precision mining at the production level, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of resource development and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, and achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the field of resource development.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method suitable for accurately predicting the quality of open-pit mining resources, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Establishing a true three-dimensional database of the mineral, wherein the true three-dimensional database includes mine exploration and research data, mining area drilling production data, and other different types of data; Step S2: by using the true three-dimensional database and combining with field geological conditions, a primary prospect area map of each mining area from shallow to deep on a certain horizontal plane is compiled based on large spacing, i.e., a primary prospect area; at the same time, a secondary prospect area map of valuable resources on the horizontal plane where the primary prospect area is located in the mined area is compiled based on small spacing, i.e., a secondary target area; Step S3: Based on the field geological condition determination, the primary prospecting area and the secondary mineral target area, the resource quality of the mineral is accurately predicted in two different directions, namely, the edge and the deep direction; the resource quality accurate prediction includes the accurate prediction of the ore body and the accurate prediction of the mineral product, wherein the accurate prediction of the ore body includes the prediction of the edge ore body and the prediction of the deep ore body; The prediction of the edge ore body includes: mainly referring to the boundary of the valuable resources of the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area, supplemented by using the primary prospect area of ​​the lower area to be mined as the basis for the limited extrapolation of the boundary of the ore body to be mined, to predict the edge ore body; The deep ore body prediction includes: comparing the total area of ​​the primary prospective area of ​​the area to be mined with the total area of ​​the primary prospective area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area and determining that the ratio of the total areas of the two is a scaling ratio, projecting the secondary ore target area of ​​the adjacent upper goaf area along the ore body inclination and dip angle on the horizontal plane where the primary prospective area of ​​the area to be mined is located at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a projection boundary; scaling the projection boundary according to the scaling ratio to obtain a scaling boundary, and performing deep ore body prediction with the range of the scaling boundary as the deep inferred ore body range; The precise prediction of mineral products includes: predicting the ore grade of the deep and side areas to be mined based on the detailed classification of ore types in the adjacent upper goaf area or the adjacent mined area. The detailed classification includes the types of co-existing mineral resources, the grade change characteristics of the main mineral species and the main ore types.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attributes of the true three-dimensional database include engineering attributes and geological attributes. The engineering attributes include the three-dimensional coordinates of the prospecting project location, mining location, drilling inclination data, drilling depth, and perforation sampling location; the geological attributes include ore type, mineral composition of major valuable elements, and ore structure and structural characteristics.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The source of the mine exploration and research data includes mine exploration and research materials, which include exploration profiles, layered planes, exploration engineering analysis data and engineering parameters, mining area geological maps, and geological structure maps obtained from exploration and research over the years, which can support the construction of the primary prospecting area; further, the exploration and research over the years includes exploration and research in three stages: general survey, detailed survey, and exploration; And / or, the source of the mining area perforation production data includes the mining area perforation production data, and the mining area perforation production data includes the annual / monthly production plan diagram of the upper area that has been mined in recent years, the ore quality diagram of perforation sampling, and the real-time production status data of the mining area, which can support the construction of the secondary mining target area; further, the upper area that has been mined in recent years refers to the upper area that has been mined in the past year.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large spacing refers to the engineering spacing, and further, the large spacing refers to a spacing greater than 100m; And / or, the small spacing refers to the perforation spacing, and further, the small spacing refers to the spacing of 6 to 9 m.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field geological conditions determination includes: determination of on-site ore-rock boundary characteristics, determination of main ore type characteristics, determination of structural ore-controlling structural surface characteristics, and determination of main occurrence forms of valuable elements in minerals.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary prospecting area is obtained through the compilation of mining exploration and research data and field geological condition determination, and is used to make a preliminary prediction of the output scale, output form and average ore grade of the ore body; And / or, the secondary mining target area is obtained by accurately characterizing the mining area's perforation production data and determining field geological conditions, and is used to make detailed predictions of ore types, grade distribution, and valuable resource reserves of different ore bodies.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When predicting the deep ore body, the ore body inclination and dip are obtained by comprehensive judgment based on the exploration profile in the mine exploration research data, the on-site ore-rock boundary feature judgment in the field geological condition judgment, and the structural control ore structure surface feature judgment.

8. An application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The applications include mining applications.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The applications include single mineral species deposit applications and complex co-existing multi-mineral species deposit applications.

10. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The mining applications include: after accurately predicting the scale and quality of mineral resources, targeted blasting area planning and design application of drilling type, spacing, depth, explosive quantity, blasting method, shoveling and transportation methods.

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