Method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide

Abstract

The application provides a method for determining the fracture toughness of a cemented carbide. The method comprises: obtaining the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and stress-strain curve of the cemented carbide sample; calculating the maximum cohesive force according to a fracture calculation formula; constructing a Mooney Rivlin model and a cohesive force model in a finite element simulation software to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide sample; constructing a plurality of models of the cemented carbide sample with different fracture modes in the finite element simulation software; obtaining the I-type fracture energy and the II-type fracture energy by using J integral analysis according to the plurality of models of the cemented carbide sample with different fracture modes; performing finite element numerical simulation of nanoindentation uniaxial compression to obtain a simulation value of the stress-strain result, and performing a nanoindentation experiment on the cemented carbide sample to obtain an experimental value of the stress-strain result; and adjusting the parameters in the finite element simulation analysis according to the difference between the simulation value and the experimental value, and recalculating the I-type fracture energy and the II-type fracture energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of cemented carbide performance testing, and in particular to a method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, physical vapor deposition (PVD) cemented carbide coatings have shown great potential for improving the surface properties of metal components and extending their service life due to their excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, cemented carbide coatings lack toughness, which can lead to brittle spalling during friction, causing the metal components to gradually wear out and fail. This lack of strength and toughness severely restricts their application in extreme operating conditions such as marine, nuclear, and aerospace applications.

[0003] Fracture toughness, one of the key mechanical properties of cemented carbide materials, measures a material's ability to prevent crack propagation in the presence of a crack or similar defect. This ability can be described by parameters such as the energy release rate, stress intensity factor, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), and J-integral. Materials with high fracture toughness can prevent or delay crack propagation when a crack appears, thereby improving structural safety and reliability and being crucial for ensuring the safe operation of critical engineering structures. Currently, fracture toughness is typically measured experimentally, but conventional fracture toughness testing procedures are cumbersome and complex, requiring sample preparation, fixture selection, displacement gauge connection, loading, crack size measurement, and fracture toughness calculation. Furthermore, test results are affected by numerous factors, such as cross-sectional dimensions, temperature, and strain rate.

[0004] The finite element method is used to determine the fracture toughness of cemented carbide coatings. Currently, a numerical model has been established for related nanoindentation simulations. However, conventional simulations can only calculate the elastic properties of the film, such as hardness and elastic modulus, from the load-displacement curve, and cannot obtain information such as the film's recovery performance. This makes it difficult to reasonably determine the fracture toughness parameters of cemented carbide. Therefore, there are still major problems in the fracture simulation of cemented carbide coatings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide, which can improve the calculation accuracy of fracture toughness. It includes:

[0006] Prepare cemented carbide specimens, conduct tensile mechanics tests on the cemented carbide specimens, and obtain the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve of the cemented carbide specimens;

[0007] The stress-strain value at the fracture point is selected from the stress-strain curve, and the maximum cohesion is calculated based on the fracture calculation formula and the stress-strain value;

[0008] In the finite element simulation software, the Mooney Rivlin model and the cohesive force model are constructed to compositely describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen. When the crack is not formed, the Mooney Rivlin model is used as the main constitutive model to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen; when the crack is formed, the cohesive force model is used as the main constitutive model to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen.

[0009] The elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve were imported into finite element simulation software. Multiple models of cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes were constructed in the finite element simulation software. Based on the models of the cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes, the J-integral analysis was used to obtain the mode I fracture energy and the mode II fracture energy.

[0010] The mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy were imported into the cohesive force model, and nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation was carried out in the finite element simulation software to obtain the simulated values ​​of the stress-strain results. Nanoindentation experiments were performed on cemented carbide specimens to obtain the experimental values ​​of the stress-strain results. According to the difference between the simulated values ​​and the experimental values, the parameters in the finite element simulation analysis were adjusted, and the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy were recalculated.

[0011] Optionally, the stress-strain value at the fracture point is selected from the stress-strain curve, and the maximum cohesion is calculated according to the fracture calculation formula and the stress-strain value, including:

[0012] According to the stress and strain values ​​at the fracture point, the fracture calculation formula is used. , calculate the maximum cohesion ,in, For cohesion, is the cohesive stiffness, is the crack tip opening displacement, is the critical displacement; in the process of calculating the maximum cohesion, the cohesion is divided into the normal stress value and tangential stress values , the control equation is as follows:

[0013] , ;

[0014] in, is the maximum normal stress value, and the crack interface opening displacement value corresponding to the maximum normal stress value is ; is the maximum tangential stress value, and the crack interface opening displacement value corresponding to the maximum tangential stress value is ;Exceed The crack interface opening displacement corresponding to the stress value after ,Exceed The crack interface opening displacement corresponding to the stress value after .

[0015] Optionally, a Mooney Rivlin model and a cohesive force model of the cemented carbide specimen are constructed in the finite element simulation software to compositely describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen, including:

[0016] In the stage where cracks are not formed, the Mooney-Rivlin model is used as the main constitutive model for calculation, and the stress-strain relationship of the material is described by the strain energy density function. The strain energy density function is: After the crack is formed, the cohesive force model is used as the main constitutive model for calculation. By assuming that there is a cohesive force region at the interface or crack tip, the stress-strain relationship of the material in the cohesive force region is different from that in other regions. By defining the constitutive relationship and damage evolution law of the cohesive force region, the interface debonding and crack propagation process are simulated.

[0017] Optionally, the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve are imported into finite element simulation software, and models of multiple cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes are constructed in the finite element simulation software. Based on the models of the multiple cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes, J-integral analysis is used to obtain mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy, including:

[0018] According to linear elastic fracture mechanics, micro-pillar models of opening, sliding, and tearing carbide specimens are established to calculate the stress-strain results of opening fracture, the stress-strain results of in-plane shear fracture, and the stress-strain results of transverse shear fracture, respectively.

[0019] The angular variation of stress in the micro-pillar model of the cemented carbide specimens with opening, sliding and tearing types is obtained by combining the open fracture stress and strain results, the in-plane shear fracture stress and strain results and the transverse shear fracture stress and strain results.

[0020] The angular variation of stress in the micro-pillar model of cemented carbide specimens with opening, sliding, and tearing types is introduced into the partial derivative equation of the asymptotic solution at the crack tip, and the relationship between stress, angle, and the distance from the integral position to the crack tip is obtained.

[0021] The J-integral is performed based on the relationship between stress, angle, and the distance from the integral position to the crack tip to obtain the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy.

[0022] Optionally, a uniaxial compression nanoindentation finite element numerical method is performed in finite element simulation software to obtain simulated values ​​of stress and strain results, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on a cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values ​​of stress and strain results. According to the difference between the simulated value and the experimental value, the parameters in the finite element simulation analysis are adjusted, and the mode I fracture energy and the mode II fracture energy are recalculated, including:

[0023] Importing mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy into the cohesion model in the finite element simulation software;

[0024] In the finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the cemented carbide specimen model to obtain a simulated value, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain an experimental value. According to the size of the experimental value and the simulated value, the mesh size and number of meshes in the finite element simulation software are adjusted;

[0025] In the finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation was performed on the cemented carbide specimen model under different pressure conditions to obtain simulated values. Nanoindentation experiments were also performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values. Based on the difference between the simulated values ​​and the experimental values ​​under different pressure conditions, the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process were adjusted.

[0026] The mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy are recalculated.

[0027] Optionally, in finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the model of the cemented carbide specimen to obtain a simulation value, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain an experimental value. According to the size of the experimental value and the simulation value, the mesh size and the number of meshes in the finite element simulation software are adjusted, including:

[0028] When the calculation time is too long, reduce the mesh size and the number of meshes; when the calculation simulation results are of low accuracy, encrypt the mesh of the fracture part, reduce the mesh size and increase the number of meshes.

[0029] Optionally, in finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the model of the cemented carbide specimen under different pressure conditions to obtain simulation values, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values. According to the difference between the simulation value and the experimental value under different pressure conditions, the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process are adjusted, including:

[0030] When the error between the simulated value and the experimental value under different pressure conditions exceeds a threshold, an uncertainty parameter impact analysis is performed on the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process to evaluate the weight of the influence of the uncertainty parameters on the fracture toughness calculation results. The uncertainty parameters include the material parameters of the cemented carbide specimen, the geometric parameters of the cemented carbide specimen, and the loading conditions of the finite element simulation software;

[0031] Adjust the uncertainty parameters according to the results of the uncertainty parameter impact analysis.

[0032] Optionally, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the model of the cemented carbide specimen under different pressure conditions to obtain simulation values, including:

[0033] Finite element numerical simulation of nanoindentation uniaxial compression was performed with multiple pressure values ​​of 20 mN increments.

[0034] Optionally, the multiple pressure values ​​with an increment of 20 mN are 50 mN, 70 mN, 90 mN, 110 mN, 130 mN, 150 mN, 170 mN, 190 mN, and 210 mN respectively.

[0035] Optionally, the size of the grid used in the finite element simulation is smaller than a size threshold, and the size threshold ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 μm.

[0036] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects:

[0037] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for determining fracture toughness is provided. In this method, the Mooney Rivlin model and the cohesive force model are used in finite element simulation software to compositely describe the characteristics of a cemented carbide specimen. The Mooney Rivlin model can more accurately describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen than the cohesive force model. After crack formation, the fracture toughness (fracture energy) is calculated using the cohesive force model, thereby improving the calculation accuracy. Furthermore, after calculating the fracture toughness, the mode I fracture energy and the mode II fracture energy are imported into the cohesive force model. Nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is also performed in the finite element simulation software, and nanoindentation experiments are performed on the cemented carbide specimen to verify whether the accuracy of the calculated fracture toughness meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, the fracture toughness is calculated again after adjusting the parameters, thereby further improving the calculation accuracy of the fracture toughness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining the fracture toughness of a cemented carbide provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a plastic tensile specimen provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the tensile strength of a cemented carbide specimen provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an indentation test performed on a cemented carbide specimen provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0044] 1: Plastic tensile specimen;

[0045] 2: Carbide specimen;

[0046] 3: Nanoindenter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 , the method steps include:

[0049] S11. Prepare a cemented carbide specimen, perform a tensile mechanics test on the cemented carbide specimen, and obtain the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve of the cemented carbide specimen.

[0050] In step S11, a cemented carbide coating (i.e., a cemented carbide specimen) is prepared on a plastic tensile specimen. After the coating is prepared, the plastic substrate is melted under high temperature conditions, and the cemented carbide coating tensile specimen is retained. An indoor tensile mechanics experiment is carried out to obtain the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve of the cemented carbide coating.

[0051] Among them, the dimensions of the cemented carbide specimens are those specified in the national standard GB / T 228.1-2021.

[0052] S12. Select the stress-strain value at the fracture point in the stress-strain curve, and calculate the maximum cohesion according to the fracture calculation formula and the stress-strain value.

[0053] In one example, step S12 includes:

[0054] According to the stress and strain values ​​at the fracture point, the fracture calculation formula is used. , calculate the maximum cohesion ,in, For cohesion, is the cohesive stiffness, is the crack tip opening displacement, is the critical displacement; in the process of calculating the maximum cohesion, the cohesion is divided into the normal stress value and tangential stress values , the control equation is as follows:

[0055] , ;

[0056] in, is the maximum normal stress value, and the crack interface opening displacement value corresponding to the maximum normal stress value is ; is the maximum tangential stress value, and the crack interface opening displacement value corresponding to the maximum tangential stress value is ;Exceed The crack interface opening displacement corresponding to the stress value after ,Exceed The crack interface opening displacement corresponding to the stress value after .

[0057] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, when calculating the maximum cohesion, the cohesion is divided into normal stress and tangential stress, thereby further improving the calculation accuracy of the maximum cohesion.

[0058] In the disclosed embodiment, the calculation process applies the bilinear tension-displacement law to simplify the microcolumn fracture behavior into two linear stages: one is the elastic stage before reaching the yield point, during which the deformation of the object is reversible, that is, the object can return to its original state after the external force is removed; the other is the plastic stage after reaching the yield point, during which the object undergoes permanent deformation and cannot be fully recovered even if the external force is removed.

[0059] S13. In the finite element simulation software, a Mooney Rivlin model and a cohesive force model are constructed to compositely describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen. When the crack is not formed, the Mooney Rivlin model is used as the main constitutive model to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen. When the crack is formed, the cohesive force model is used as the main constitutive model to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen.

[0060] In one example, step S13 includes:

[0061] In the stage where cracks are not formed, the Mooney-Rivlin model is used as the main constitutive model for calculation, and the stress-strain relationship of the material is described by the strain energy density function. The strain energy density function is: After the crack is formed, the cohesive force model is used as the main constitutive model for calculation. By assuming that there is a cohesive force region at the interface or crack tip, the stress-strain relationship of the material in the cohesive force region is different from that in other regions. By defining the constitutive relationship and damage evolution law of the cohesive force region, the interface debonding and crack propagation process are simulated.

[0062] In the disclosed embodiment, the Mooney-Rivlin model and the cohesive force model are used to hybridly describe the stress-strain relationship of the material. The Mooney-Rivlin model describes the stress-strain relationship of the material through a strain energy density function, which is beneficial to improving the calculation accuracy of subsequent fracture toughness compared to the cohesive force model.

[0063] S14. Import the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and stress-strain curve into finite element simulation software, construct models of multiple cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes in the finite element simulation software, and use J-integral analysis to obtain type I fracture energy and type II fracture energy based on the models of the cemented carbide specimens with multiple different fracture models.

[0064] In one example, step S14 includes:

[0065] In the first step, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, micro-column models of opening, sliding, and tearing carbide specimens are established, which are used to calculate the opening fracture stress-strain results, in-plane shear fracture stress-strain results, and transverse shear fracture stress-strain results, respectively.

[0066] Among them, the micro-column models of opening, sliding and tearing carbide specimens are all constructed using the cohesive force model.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the size of the microcolumn model is 8 μm×20 μm.

[0068] In the second step, the opening fracture stress-strain results, the in-plane shear fracture stress-strain results, and the transverse shear fracture stress-strain results are used to obtain the angular changes in stress of the micro-column model of the opening, sliding, and tearing cemented carbide specimens.

[0069] In the third step, the angular variation of stress in the micro-pillar model of the opening, sliding and tearing cemented carbide specimens is introduced into the partial derivative equation of the asymptotic solution at the crack tip to obtain the relationship between stress and angle and the distance from the integral position to the crack tip.

[0070] Among them, the partial derivative equation of the asymptotic solution at the crack tip is:

[0071]

[0072] in, is the distance from the integration position to the crack tip, , is the Mode I (opening) stress intensity factor, is the Mode II (in-plane shear) stress intensity factor, is the Mode III (transverse shear) stress intensity factor. is the angular variation of stress for different cracking modes, obtained from finite element simulation.

[0073] The fourth step is to perform J-integral based on the relationship between stress, angle, and the distance from the integration position to the crack tip to obtain mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy.

[0074] The definition of J integral is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] in, is the strain energy density, is the tension vector on the crack boundary, is the displacement vector, is the path infinitesimal.

[0077] During the finite element analysis process, the J-integral value of the entire path can be obtained by integrating each unit on the integral path and then summing up. The post-processing function of the finite element simulation software can be used to extract the stress, strain, displacement and other data of each node on the path to calculate the integral, calculate the energy required per unit area for crack extension, and obtain the required Jc1 (Type I fracture energy) and Jc2 (Type II fracture energy).

[0078] S15. Import the type I fracture energy and type II fracture energy into the cohesive force model, perform nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation in the finite element simulation software to obtain simulated values ​​of the stress-strain results, and perform nanoindentation experiments on cemented carbide specimens to obtain experimental values ​​of the stress-strain results. According to the difference between the simulated value and the experimental value, adjust the parameters in the finite element simulation analysis, and recalculate the type I fracture energy and type II fracture energy.

[0079] In one example, step S15 includes:

[0080] Step 1: Import the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy into the cohesion model in the finite element simulation software.

[0081] Step 2: In the finite element simulation software, perform nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation on the model of the cemented carbide specimen to obtain simulation values, and perform nanoindentation experiments on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values. According to the size of the experimental values ​​and simulation values, adjust the grid size and number of grids in the finite element simulation software.

[0082] In one example, step 2 includes:

[0083] When the calculation time is too long, reduce the mesh size and the number of meshes; when the calculation simulation results are of low accuracy, encrypt the mesh of the fracture part, reduce the mesh size and increase the number of meshes.

[0084] Since the fracture simulation is performed by presetting the crack, stress concentration will occur at the crack tip. When the mesh is close to the crack tip, the stress-strain gradient is large. The finite element mesh near the crack tip needs to be refined. The finite element simulation model is used to carry out the finite element numerical simulation of nanoindentation unidirectional compression of cemented carbide coating. The numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results to compare the accuracy of the finite element simulation results, and the optimal mesh size and number are optimized. When the calculation time is too long, the mesh size and number are reduced. When the accuracy of the simulation results is low, the mesh of the fracture part is encrypted, the mesh size is reduced, and the mesh number is increased.

[0085] Step 3. In the finite element simulation software, perform nanoindentation unidirectional compression finite element numerical simulation on the model of the cemented carbide specimen under different pressure conditions to obtain simulation values, and perform nanoindentation experiments on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values. According to the difference between the simulation values ​​and the experimental values ​​under different pressure conditions, adjust the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process.

[0086] In one example, step 3 includes:

[0087] In the first step, when the error between the simulated value and the experimental value under different pressure conditions exceeds the threshold, the uncertainty parameter impact analysis of the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process is performed to evaluate the influence weight of the uncertainty parameters on the fracture toughness calculation results. The uncertainty parameters include the material parameters of the cemented carbide specimen, the geometric parameters of the cemented carbide specimen, and the loading conditions of the finite element simulation software.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the finite element numerical simulation of nanoindentation uniaxial compression is performed with multiple pressure values ​​in increments of 20 mN. The finite element numerical simulation of nanoindentation uniaxial compression is performed with increments of 20 mN to ensure the accuracy of the finite element numerical simulation.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the multiple pressure values ​​with increments of 20 mN are 50 mN, 70 mN, 90 mN, 110 mN, 130 mN, 150 mN, 170 mN, 190 mN, and 210 mN respectively.

[0090] The second step is to adjust the uncertainty parameters according to the results of the uncertainty parameter impact analysis.

[0091] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the influence weight of the uncertainty parameter on the calculation result of the fracture toughness is evaluated through uncertainty parameter impact analysis, so as to adjust the uncertainty parameter and further improve the calculation accuracy of the fracture toughness.

[0092] Using a nanoindenter, nanoindentation experiments under different pressures and corresponding finite element numerical simulations were carried out. The simulated values ​​were compared with the experimental values ​​to verify the effectiveness of the judgment method. When the error between the simulated stress and strain results and the experimental stress and strain values ​​exceeded 5%, the uncertainty factors in the finite element simulation calculation process were changed, such as the uncertainty of material parameters (correction was made for the thermal effects, element content changes, and coating structure effects on the mechanical properties of the material during the processing of the cemented carbide coating), geometric shape errors (surface defects in the coating preparation process, etc., the finite element calculation simulation model was corrected according to the actual micro-column morphology), changes in loading conditions (in the actual loading process, there were partial errors in the mechanical loading, and the finite element simulation boundary conditions were corrected and adjusted according to the actual loading force and loading speed), etc., and the influence of uncertainty parameters was analyzed to evaluate the influence weight of relevant factors on the fracture toughness calculation results of the cemented carbide coating, so as to further improve the reliability and accuracy of the method of the present invention.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the size of the mesh used in the finite element simulation is smaller than a size threshold, and the size threshold is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 μm, for example, the size threshold is 0.5 μm.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, using a grid of the above size is beneficial to ensuring calculation accuracy and calculation speed.

[0095] Step 4: Recalculate the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for determining fracture toughness is provided. In this method, the Mooney Rivlin model and the cohesive force model are used in finite element simulation software to compositely describe the characteristics of a cemented carbide specimen. The Mooney Rivlin model can more accurately describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen than the cohesive force model. After crack formation, the fracture toughness (fracture energy) is calculated using the cohesive force model, thereby improving the calculation accuracy. Furthermore, after calculating the fracture toughness, the mode I fracture energy and the mode II fracture energy are imported into the cohesive force model. Nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is also performed in the finite element simulation software, and nanoindentation experiments are performed on the cemented carbide specimen to verify whether the accuracy of the calculated fracture toughness meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, the fracture toughness is calculated again after adjusting the parameters, thereby further improving the calculation accuracy of the fracture toughness.

[0097] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a plastic tensile specimen provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 , Figure 2 The length, width, and thickness of the plastic tensile specimen 1 are shown in FIG. The length is 190 mm, the width is 30 mm, and the thickness is 0.7 mm. A cemented carbide specimen is prepared on the plastic tensile specimen 1.

[0098] The above dimensions are merely examples provided in the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0099] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the tensile strength of a cemented carbide specimen provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 The direction of the force applied during the tensile test is shown in Figure 3 The direction of the arrow in represents the direction of the force borne by the cemented carbide specimen 2.

[0100] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an indentation test on a cemented carbide specimen provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 , pressure is applied to the cemented carbide specimen 2 through the nanoindenter 3, and the direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the applied pressure.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide, characterized in that: include: Prepare cemented carbide specimens, conduct tensile mechanics tests on the cemented carbide specimens, and obtain the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve of the cemented carbide specimens; The stress-strain value at the fracture point is selected from the stress-strain curve, and the maximum cohesion is calculated based on the fracture calculation formula and the stress-strain value; In the finite element simulation software, the Mooney Rivlin model and the cohesive force model are constructed to compositely describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen. When the crack is not formed, the Mooney Rivlin model is used as the main constitutive model to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen; when the crack is formed, the cohesive force model is used as the main constitutive model to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen. The elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress-strain curve were imported into finite element simulation software. Multiple models of cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes were constructed in the finite element simulation software. Based on the models of the cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes, the J-integral analysis was used to obtain the mode I fracture energy and the mode II fracture energy. The mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy were imported into the cohesive force model, and nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation was carried out in the finite element simulation software to obtain the simulated values ​​of the stress-strain results. Nanoindentation experiments were performed on cemented carbide specimens to obtain the experimental values ​​of the stress-strain results. According to the difference between the simulated values ​​and the experimental values, the parameters in the finite element simulation analysis were adjusted, and the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy were recalculated.

2. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Select the stress-strain value at the fracture point in the stress-strain curve, and calculate the maximum cohesion according to the fracture calculation formula and the stress-strain value, including: According to the stress and strain values ​​at the fracture point, the fracture calculation formula is used. , calculate the maximum cohesion ,in, For cohesion, is the cohesive stiffness, is the crack tip opening displacement, is the critical displacement; in the process of calculating the maximum cohesion, the cohesion is divided into the normal stress value and tangential stress values , the control equation is as follows: ， ； in, is the maximum normal stress value, and the crack interface opening displacement value corresponding to the maximum normal stress value is ; is the maximum tangential stress value, and the crack interface opening displacement value corresponding to the maximum tangential stress value is ;Exceed The crack interface opening displacement corresponding to the stress value after ,Exceed The crack interface opening displacement corresponding to the stress value after .

3. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Mooney Rivlin model and cohesive force model are constructed in the finite element simulation software to describe the characteristics of the cemented carbide specimen, including: In the stage where cracks are not formed, the Mooney-Rivlin model is used as the main constitutive model for calculation, and the stress-strain relationship of the material is described by the strain energy density function. The strain energy density function is: After the crack is formed, the cohesive force model is used as the main constitutive model for calculation. By assuming that there is a cohesive force region at the interface or crack tip, the stress-strain relationship of the material in the cohesive force region is different from that in other regions. By defining the constitutive relationship and damage evolution law of the cohesive force region, the interface debonding and crack propagation process are simulated.

4. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and stress-strain curve were imported into the finite element simulation software. Multiple models of cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes were constructed in the finite element simulation software. Based on the models of cemented carbide specimens with different fracture modes, the J-integral analysis was used to obtain the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy, including: According to linear elastic fracture mechanics, micro-pillar models of opening, sliding, and tearing carbide specimens were established to calculate the stress and strain results of opening fracture, the stress and strain results of in-plane shear fracture, and the stress and strain results of transverse shear fracture, respectively. Based on the results of opening fracture stress and strain, in-plane shear fracture stress and strain, and transverse shear fracture stress and strain, the angular changes of stress in the micro-pillar models of the cemented carbide specimens with opening, sliding, and tearing types were obtained. The angular variation of stress in the micro-pillar model of cemented carbide specimens with opening, sliding, and tearing types is introduced into the partial derivative equation of the asymptotic solution at the crack tip, and the relationship between stress, angle, and the distance from the integral position to the crack tip is obtained. The J-integral is performed based on the relationship between stress, angle, and the distance from the integral position to the crack tip to obtain the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy.

5. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed in finite element simulation software to obtain simulated values ​​of stress and strain results, and nanoindentation experiments are performed on cemented carbide specimens to obtain experimental values ​​of stress and strain results. According to the difference between the simulated and experimental values, the parameters in the finite element simulation analysis are adjusted, and the mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy are recalculated, including: Importing mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy into the cohesion model in the finite element simulation software; In the finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the cemented carbide specimen model to obtain a simulated value, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain an experimental value. According to the size of the experimental value and the simulated value, the mesh size and number of meshes in the finite element simulation software are adjusted; In the finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation was performed on the cemented carbide specimen model under different pressure conditions to obtain simulated values. Nanoindentation experiments were also performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values. Based on the difference between the simulated values ​​and the experimental values ​​under different pressure conditions, the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process were adjusted. The mode I fracture energy and mode II fracture energy are recalculated.

6. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the cemented carbide specimen model to obtain a simulated value, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain an experimental value. According to the size of the experimental value and the simulated value, the mesh size and number of meshes in the finite element simulation software are adjusted, including: When the calculation time is too long, reduce the mesh size and the number of meshes; when the calculation simulation results are of low accuracy, encrypt the mesh of the fracture part, reduce the mesh size and increase the number of meshes.

7. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the finite element simulation software, a nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation is performed on the cemented carbide specimen model under different pressure conditions to obtain simulation values, and a nanoindentation experiment is performed on the cemented carbide specimen to obtain experimental values. Based on the difference between the simulation value and the experimental value under different pressure conditions, the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process are adjusted, including: When the error between the simulated value and the experimental value under different pressure conditions exceeds a threshold, an uncertainty parameter impact analysis is performed on the uncertainty parameters in the finite element simulation process to evaluate the weight of the influence of the uncertainty parameters on the fracture toughness calculation results. The uncertainty parameters include the material parameters of the cemented carbide specimen, the geometric parameters of the cemented carbide specimen, and the loading conditions of the finite element simulation software; Adjust the uncertainty parameters according to the results of the uncertainty parameter impact analysis.

8. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carbide specimen model was subjected to nanoindentation uniaxial compression finite element numerical simulation under different pressure conditions to obtain simulation values, including: Finite element numerical simulation of nanoindentation uniaxial compression was performed by obtaining multiple pressure values ​​with an increment of 20 mN.

9. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multiple pressure values ​​obtained in increments of 20 mN are 50 mN, 70 mN, 90 mN, 110 mN, 130 mN, 150 mN, 170 mN, 190 mN, and 210 mN.

10. The method for determining the fracture toughness of cemented carbide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the mesh used in the finite element simulation is smaller than the size threshold, which ranges from 0.3 to 0.7 μm.

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