Surge protection circuit and device of network interface and network interface system

Abstract

The invention discloses a surge protection circuit and device for a network interface, and a network interface system, and relates to the technical field of circuits, center taps of network transformers connected with the network interface are grounded through preset surge grounding wires, so that the center taps of the network transformers are directly conducted with the ground, and the network interface is protected. Therefore, all common-mode noise entering a circuit connected with the network interface can directly pass through the center tap of the network transformer and return to the source, so that the influence of the noise on a post-stage circuit is reduced; a circulation path of surge interference is specially planned by arranging the preset surge grounding wire, and the surge energy is controlled to be grounded through the independent preset surge grounding wire, so that the interference of the surge energy to other circuits and signals is avoided, other devices do not need to be arranged, and the surge protection of the network port can be realized only by planning the preset surge grounding wire; cost is reduced, and stable operation of the network and reliability of long-term operation of equipment are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of circuit technology, and in particular to a surge protection circuit and device for a network interface and a network interface system. Background Art

[0002] Network interface (or LAN) surge protection is an important consideration in electronic system design, especially when the LAN is set up in an environment that may be subject to voltage surges and transient voltage events. Surge refers to a short and significant increase in voltage, current or power, which usually occurs on power lines, telephone lines or data transmission lines. It can be caused by a variety of reasons, including lightning, power switching, power grid failure and the switching action of large equipment. LAN surges can not only cause damage to electronic equipment, but also cause data transmission errors. In severe cases, it can cause the entire server system to crash and interrupt operations, and even cause fire risks.

[0003] It can be seen that how to ensure that the network interface is not affected by surges is a problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a surge protection circuit, device and network interface system for a network interface, which can solve the problem that the network interface is affected by surge energy.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surge protection circuit for a network interface, wherein the network interface is connected to a server through a network transformer; the surge protection circuit comprises:

[0006] A preset surge grounding wire is used to connect the center taps of the first side of all network transformers, so that the center taps of the first side of the network transformer are all grounded through the preset surge grounding wire; wherein the first side of the network transformer is the side where the network transformer is connected to the network interface;

[0007] A surge grounding conductor, wherein a first end of the surge grounding conductor is connected to one end of a preset surge grounding wire, and a second end is grounded, so that the preset surge grounding wire is connected to the earth through the surge grounding conductor.

[0008] In some embodiments, the preset surge grounding line is connected to the center tap of the first side of the network transformer through the center tap lead; if the number of network transformers is N, N is a positive integer;

[0009] The preset routing width of the surge ground line is larger than N+1 times the routing width of the center tap lead.

[0010] In some embodiments,

[0011] The preset width of the surge ground line is 2N+2 times greater than the width of the signal line.

[0012] The signal line is a connecting wire between the network interface and the network transformer.

[0013] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0014] The conductive shell, the preset surge grounding wire and the surge grounding conductor are both arranged in the conductive shell, the conductive shell is overlapped with the surge grounding conductor, and one end of the conductive shell is grounded.

[0015] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0016] A shell, wherein a preset surge grounding wire and a surge grounding conductor are both arranged in the shell;

[0017] An adapter plate, which is arranged in the housing and connected to the surge grounding conductor through a wire;

[0018] A grounding connector passes through the shell and is insulated from the shell; the inner end of the grounding connector is conductively connected to the grounding end of the adapter plate through a wire, and the outer end is conductively connected to the grounding wire.

[0019] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a surge protection device for a network interface, including a circuit board and a surge protection circuit for the network interface as described above, wherein the surge protection circuit for the network interface is arranged on the circuit board.

[0020] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a network interface system, including a network interface, a network transformer and a surge protection device of the network interface as described above, wherein the network interface, the network transformer and the surge protection circuit of the network interface are all arranged on a circuit board of the surge protection device of the network interface.

[0021] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0022] The signal ground conductor is arranged on the circuit board and is used to connect the ground point of the circuit except the preset surge ground line.

[0023] In some embodiments, the circuit board includes a top layer, a first ground layer, a signal layer, a second ground layer, and a bottom layer;

[0024] The network interface and network transformer are set on the top layer. The preset surge grounding wire of the surge protection circuit is routed on the top layer by default. The wires connected to the network interface are routed on the top layer by default. The wires connected to the network transformer are routed on the top layer by default. The wires connected to the server are routed on the top layer by default.

[0025] The preset surge grounding wire is connected to the center tap of the first side of the network transformer through the center tap lead;

[0026] If any two of the wires connected to the network interface, the wires connected to the network transformer, the wires connected to the server, the preset surge ground wire, and the center tap lead have routing conflicts, any one of the two conflicting wires will be routed across layers to the signal layer;

[0027] The first ground layer and the second ground layer are both connected to the earth; the first ground layer serves as the signal reference layer of the top layer, the second ground layer serves as the signal reference layer of the bottom layer, and the first ground layer or the second ground layer serves as the signal reference layer of the signal layer.

[0028] In some embodiments, if the routing of the wire connected to the network interface conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, or the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, or the routing of the wire connected to the server conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, the wire that conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire is routed across the layer to the signal layer;

[0029] If the routing of the wire connected to the network interface conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, or the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, or the routing of the wire connected to the server conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, the wire that conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead will be routed across the layer to the signal layer.

[0030] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the center taps of each network transformer connected to the network interface are grounded through a preset surge grounding wire, so that the center tap of the network transformer is directly connected to the earth, so that all common-mode noise entering the circuit connected to the network interface can be directly returned to the source through the center tap of the network transformer, thereby reducing the impact of noise on the subsequent circuit; the beneficial effect of the present invention is that by setting a preset surge grounding wire to specially plan the flow path of surge interference, the surge energy is controlled to be grounded through an independent preset surge grounding wire, thereby avoiding the interference of surge energy on other circuits and signals, without setting other devices, only the preset surge grounding wire needs to be planned to achieve surge protection for the network port, reducing costs, and ensuring the stable operation of the network and the reliability of long-term operation of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1A schematic structural diagram of a surge protection circuit for a network interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a network interface system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a circuit board design of a network interface system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The terms "including" and "having" in the specification of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings, as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may include steps or units that are not listed.

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0038] Next, a surge protection circuit for a network interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit for a network interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the network interface is connected to a server via a network transformer T0; the surge protection circuit for the network interface includes:

[0039] A preset surge grounding wire is used to connect the center taps of the first side of all network transformers T0, so that the center taps of the first side of the network transformer T0 are all grounded through the preset surge grounding wire; wherein the first side of the network transformer T0 is the side where the network transformer T0 is connected to the network interface;

[0040] A surge grounding conductor, wherein a first end of the surge grounding conductor is connected to one end of a preset surge grounding wire, and a second end is grounded, so that the preset surge grounding wire is connected to the earth through the surge grounding conductor.

[0041] Considering the surge protection of the network port, the related technology adopts adding surge protection devices, such as TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) / TSS (Thyristor Surge Suppressors), etc., or high-voltage capacitors, such as 2KV 1000pf capacitors, at the network transformer T0 connected to the network port. The devices are used to perform surge protection for the network port. TVS / TSS can discharge surge energy, and high-voltage capacitors can isolate surge energy. However, high-voltage capacitors can only isolate surge energy lower than their own voltage, and can only achieve low-level surge protection, and cannot achieve surge protection above the highest voltage of high-voltage capacitors; adding surge protection devices requires increased costs and device maintenance and repair after damage. Therefore, these two methods in the related technology cannot well meet the surge protection needs of the network interface.

[0042] In order to solve the surge protection demand of the network interface, the present invention provides a surge protection circuit for the network interface. Considering that surge interference is essentially a common-mode interference, its interference current will eventually return to the earth, and its discharge state is actually a state of instantaneous conduction with the ground. Therefore, the present application directly plans a preset surge grounding wire in the surge protection circuit of the network interface, and sets a surge grounding conductor connected to the preset surge grounding wire. At the same time, when designing the network transformer T0, a center tap lead is drawn from the center tap of the first side of the network transformer T0, and the center tap lead is connected to the preset surge grounding wire. Through the design of the preset surge grounding wire and the surge grounding conductor, the center tap of the network transformer T0 is directly connected to GND, so that all incoming common-mode noise can be directly returned to the source through the center tap, thereby reducing the impact of noise on the subsequent circuit. The network interface is connected to the first side of the network transformer T0 through a cable. When the surge energy on the cable side enters the network transformer T0, the surge energy can flow to the preset surge grounding wire through the center tap lead derived from the center tap of the first side of the network transformer T0, and then flow to the ground through the surge grounding conductor connected to the preset surge grounding wire, thereby realizing the discharge of surge energy.

[0043] It is understandable that if there are multiple network transformers T0 connected to the network interface in the entire network interface system, the center tap of the first side of each network transformer T0 will be connected to the preset surge grounding wire through the center tap lead. At this time, no matter which cable between the network transformer T0 and the network interface has surge energy, the surge energy can be discharged to the ground through this preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor to achieve surge protection for the network interface. Therefore, the center tap lead of the center tap of the network transformer T0 can be directly connected together, converged to the preset surge grounding wire, and then connected to the ground through the surge grounding conductor. There is no parasitic inductance or capacitance in the entire flow path, so that the surge current can be guaranteed to return to the source end through GND at the fastest speed, and the efficiency and speed of surge energy discharge are improved through the independent design of the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor.

[0044] It should be noted that the present application does not make any special restrictions on the specific structure of the network interface system, and does not make any special restrictions on the specific types and implementation methods of the network interface, network transformer T0 and server. The server can also be other devices or systems that need to exchange data through the network interface, such as a network controller / processor. The present application does not make any special restrictions on the specific types and implementation methods of the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor. The surge grounding conductor can be implemented by using a screw hole or the like to carry out structural undergrounding.

[0045] It is not difficult to understand that the surge protection circuit provided by the present invention can realize surge protection for the network interface by designing the preset surge grounding wire and the surge grounding conductor and connecting the center tap lead of the network transformer T0. There is no need to set a high-voltage capacitor or a surge protection device to protect against surges. It is only necessary to adjust the lead structure of the surge protection circuit and the routing of the PCB (Printed circuit board) where the network interface is located to realize surge protection for the network interface. Under the same conditions, the cost of the entire surge protection scheme can be effectively reduced. At the same time, the surge grounding conductor is used to conduct and ground the surge energy, which can effectively realize the discharge of the surge energy without affecting the surge protection level. It is only necessary to adjust the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire to ensure the surge protection level. It is even possible to increase the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire to improve the surge protection capability of the entire surge protection circuit, so that the surge protection level is improved to a certain level.

[0046] It should be noted that, when designing the surge protection circuit, the present invention takes into account that surge current is the interference with the largest energy among all interferences, and therefore specially plans and designs a preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor specifically for surge protection, and specially plans the flow path of the interference current corresponding to the surge energy. Regardless of the number of network transformers T0 set, as long as it is the surge energy of the network interface, it will only be conducted to the ground through the planned preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor, and the surge energy will be separately conducted to the GND trace or GND shape, and then the energy will be discharged from the pre-designed appropriate grounding point, that is, the location of the surge grounding conductor. This design facilitates the discharge of surge energy, and at the same time, all the surge energy of the network interface is gathered to the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor for discharge, avoiding the interference of surge energy on other signals in the network interface, avoiding data transmission errors caused by surges, and ensuring the integrity of data transmitted between the network interface and the server and the reliability of communication.

[0047] The present invention effectively reduces the cost of the entire surge protection circuit by removing the surge protection high-voltage capacitor or surge protection device set for the network transformer T0 in the related art. A preset surge grounding wire is specially planned and designed to bring the center taps of the network transformer T0 together for routing. The routing is planned and designed so that it can go down to GND as soon as possible. The center taps of the network are directly connected to GND after centralized connection. The efficiency and effect of surge protection are improved by using the design of the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor. In terms of protection effect, the surge protection level can meet the standard requirements or even reach a higher level; at the same time, the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor are independently set, which is different from the network interface, the network transformer T0 and the circuit used for data transmission and communication of the server itself. While reducing costs, it also maintains or improves the protection ability against external interference and avoids the interference of surge energy on the signal.

[0048] In some embodiments, the preset surge grounding line is connected to the center tap of the first side of the network transformer T0 through the center tap lead; if the number of network transformers T0 is N, N is a positive integer;

[0049] The preset routing width of the surge ground line is larger than N+1 times the routing width of the center tap lead.

[0050] It is not difficult to understand that when designing a preset surge grounding wire and a surge grounding conductor to discharge surge energy, it is necessary to further cooperate with the PCB design and structural design to achieve the effect of improving the level of surge / static electricity / electrical fast pulse and other immunity test items. It is mainly necessary to ensure the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire. The routing width of the preset surge grounding wire can characterize the diameter of the preset surge grounding wire. The larger the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire, the greater the current that can flow through it, and the more surge energy that can be discharged instantly. In this application, it is necessary to use a preset surge grounding wire to complete the discharge of all surge energy, so it must be ensured that the preset surge grounding wire can effectively discharge all possible surge energy that may exist in the network interface at an instant. When the number of network transformers T0 is set to N, surge energy may appear in the connecting cables between each network transformer T0 and the network interface. Therefore, the maximum surge energy that may exist at an instant is the situation where surge energy exists in the cables of N network transformers T0 at the same time. The surge energy corresponding to each transformer will flow to the preset surge grounding wire through the corresponding center tap lead. Therefore, the preset surge grounding wire will receive the surge energy output by N center tap leads at most at the same time, and its routing width must be greater than the routing width of the N center tap leads.

[0051] Furthermore, in order to ensure that surge energy can be safely discharged, a certain margin can be reserved when designing the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire, and it can be set to be greater than N+1 times the routing width of the center tap lead to ensure the safety and reliability of the discharge of surge energy under the preset surge grounding wire limit. The reserved margin can also meet the requirements of better voltage reduction and current flow, and ensure the discharge effect of surge energy. Taking the setting number of network transformers T0 as an example, the center tap leads of the four network transformers T0 will all be collected to the preset surge grounding wire, so the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire needs to be greater than 5 times the routing width of the center tap lead of the network transformer T0. Generally, the routing width of the center tap lead of the network transformer T0 connected to the same network interface will also be set to a consistent routing width. Therefore, the routing width of the preset surge grounding line only needs to be greater than N+1 times the routing width of the center tap lead. If there are special circumstances and there are differences in the routing widths of the center tap leads of the network transformer T0 connected to the network interface, the routing width of the preset surge grounding line can be designed based on the largest routing width of the center tap lead. The routing width of the preset surge grounding line needs to be greater than N+1 times the routing width of the largest center tap lead.

[0052] Specifically, by strictly limiting the multiple relationship between the routing width of the designed preset surge grounding line and the routing width of the center tap lead of the network transformer T0, it is possible to effectively ensure that the preset surge grounding line completely discharges the surge energy flowing through the center tap lead of the network transformer T0 in all cases, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the entire surge protection process.

[0053] In some embodiments,

[0054] The preset width of the surge ground line is 2N+2 times greater than the width of the signal line.

[0055] The signal line is a connecting wire between the network interface and the network transformer T0.

[0056] It is not difficult to understand that due to the structure of the network transformer T0 itself, there are two independent ports on each side. Therefore, when the first side is connected to the network interface, the two ports will be connected to the network interface through a signal line respectively, and surges may occur at the connection points between the two signal lines and the network interface. If a surge is generated at the connection points of the two ports connected to the network interface of a certain network transformer T0, the center tap lead of the network transformer T0 will simultaneously gather the surge energy generated by the two signal lines. Therefore, in order to ensure that the center tap lead of the network transformer T0 can effectively gather the surge energy generated by the two signal lines at the moment, the routing width of the center tap lead of the network transformer T0 needs to be greater than twice the routing width of the signal line. The specific type and implementation method of the signal line are not particularly limited in this application. Its model needs to correspond to the specific model of the network interface. For example, when the network interface is an RJ45 network interface, the signal line also needs to use an RJ45 signal line.

[0057] Furthermore, in this application, it is necessary to use a preset surge grounding wire to complete the discharge of all surge energies, so it must be ensured that the preset surge grounding wire can effectively discharge all possible surge energies of the network interface at an instant. When the number of network transformers T0 is set to N, surge energy may appear in the signal line between the two ports of each network transformer T0 and the network interface. Therefore, the maximum surge energy that may exist at an instant is that when surge energy exists in N network transformers T0 at the same time, the two signal lines corresponding to the two ports of each network transformer T0 also have surge energy at the same time. The surge energy corresponding to each transformer will flow to the preset surge grounding wire through the corresponding center tap lead. Therefore, the preset surge grounding wire will receive the surge energy output by N center tap leads at most at the same time, and each center tap lead will receive the surge energy corresponding to two signal lines at most at the same time, and its routing width must be greater than the routing width of 2N signal lines.

[0058] It is understandable that in order to ensure that surge energy can be discharged safely, a certain margin can be reserved when designing the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire, and it can be set to be greater than 2N+2 times the routing width of the signal line to ensure the safety and reliability of the preset surge grounding wire in discharging surge energy under extreme conditions, while also ensuring the safety and reliability of the center tap lead when gathering surge energy. The reserved margin can also meet the requirements of better voltage reduction and current flow, and ensure the discharge effect of surge energy. Taking the setting number of network transformers T0 as an example, the center tap leads of the four network transformers T0 will all be collected to the preset surge grounding wire, and each center tap lead corresponds to two signal lines, so the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire needs to be greater than 10 times the routing width of the signal line. Generally, the signal lines of the network transformer T0 connected to the same network interface will be set to a consistent routing width, so the routing width of the preset surge grounding line only needs to be greater than 2N+2 times the routing width of the signal line. If there are special circumstances and there are differences in the routing widths of the signal lines connected to the network interface, the routing width of the preset surge grounding line and the center tap lead can be designed based on the largest routing width of the signal line. The routing width of the center tap lead needs to be greater than 2 times the routing width of the largest signal line, and the routing width of the preset surge grounding line needs to be greater than 2N+2 times the routing width of the largest signal line.

[0059] Furthermore, when there are differences in the routing widths of the signal lines, they can be further grouped according to the different network transformers T0 connected, and two signal lines connected to the same network transformer T0 can be taken as a group, and the sum of the routing widths of the two signal lines in a group of signal lines can be calculated. Based on the sum value, a certain margin can be further reserved, and the sum value can be summed with the larger routing width in a group of signal lines to determine the routing width of the center tap lead of the corresponding network transformer T0. At this time, the routing widths of the center tap leads of each network transformer T0 obtained may be different. The center tap lead with the largest routing width is further subtracted from the center tap lead with the smallest routing width to calculate the maximum difference in the routing widths of each center tap lead. When the maximum difference is less than a certain value, the routing width of the preset surge grounding line can be directly designed based on the routing width of the center tap lead with the largest routing width; when the maximum difference is relatively large, in order to avoid excess resources, the sum of all center tap leads can be calculated, and based on the sum, a certain margin can be further reserved, which can be determined as the final preset routing width of the surge grounding line after the sum is summed with the largest routing width of all center tap leads.

[0060] Specifically, by strictly limiting the multiple relationship between the routing width of the designed preset surge grounding wire and the routing width of the signal line, it is possible to effectively ensure that the preset surge grounding wire completely discharges the surge energy of the signal line flowing through the network transformer T0 in all cases, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the entire surge protection process.

[0061] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0062] The conductive shell, the preset surge grounding wire and the surge grounding conductor are both arranged in the conductive shell, the conductive shell is overlapped with the surge grounding conductor, and one end of the conductive shell is grounded.

[0063] It is understandable that in order to protect the circuits in the entire surge protection circuit, it is best to set a shell for the surge protection circuit. When the shell is set, the second end of the surge grounding conductor can only be connected to the structural GND of the shell, and then the connection between the structural GND of the shell and the earth is used to achieve the complete grounding of the entire surge protection circuit. This shell can be directly implemented by a conductive shell that can conduct electricity. Since the conductive shell itself has the ability to conduct electricity, it is only necessary to select any end of the conductive shell to ground it to achieve the connection between the structural GND and the real earth; at the same time, the surge grounding conductor also needs to be connected to the conductive shell by overlapping or other means to achieve the connection between the surge grounding conductor and the structural GND of the conductive shell. Therefore, in this case, after the center tap lead of the network transformer T0 is collected to the preset surge grounding wire, it will reach the surge grounding conductor through the preset surge grounding wire, and then through the surge grounding conductor to the structural GND, and finally connected to the earth by overlapping between the surge grounding conductor and the conductive shell. Therefore, the surge energy will be discharged to the ground through the center tap lead, the preset surge grounding wire, the surge grounding conductor, and the conductive shell in turn, forming a complete energy grounding loop. The present application does not specifically limit the specific shape, type, and implementation method of the conductive shell. It can be implemented by a box made of conductive metal or by other methods.

[0064] Specifically, by providing a conductive shell to carry the surge protection circuit, the safety and reliability of the entire surge protection circuit can be effectively improved, and the influence of environmental factors on the surge protection circuit can be avoided. At the same time, the conductive shell is used to construct a complete underground circuit for surge energy to ensure the effective discharge of surge energy.

[0065] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0066] A shell, wherein a preset surge grounding wire and a surge grounding conductor are both arranged in the shell;

[0067] An adapter plate, which is arranged in the housing and connected to the surge grounding conductor through a wire;

[0068] A grounding connector passes through the shell and is insulated from the shell; the inner end of the grounding connector is conductively connected to the grounding end of the adapter plate through a wire, and the outer end is conductively connected to the grounding wire.

[0069] It is not difficult to understand that in order to protect the circuits in the entire surge protection circuit, it is best to set a shell for the surge protection circuit. When the shell is set, the second end of the surge grounding conductor can only be connected to the structural GND of the shell, and then the complete grounding of the entire surge protection circuit is achieved through the connection between the structural GND of the shell and the earth. This shell can also be realized by a shell that is not connected to the surge protection circuit. When the shell is not connected to the surge protection circuit, it itself is not charged, thereby further avoiding situations such as electric shock to personnel and ensuring the safety of operators when the surge protection circuit is used. At this time, since the shell itself cannot be charged, it is necessary to use the adapter plate to realize the connection between the second end of the surge grounding conductor and the structural GND of the shell, and to use the grounding connector to realize the connection between the structural GND and the real earth; the adapter plate can be provided with terminals or terminal blocks to facilitate the use of wires to establish a line connection between the surge grounding conductor and the adapter plate, or it can be implemented in other ways, and it is only necessary to establish an effective conductive line connection with the surge grounding conductor; the grounding connector not only needs to be conductively connected to the adapter plate, but also needs to be conductively connected to the earth, so the entire component needs to be set through the shell, and in order to avoid the conductivity of the shell material, the grounding connector and the shell need to be insulated to avoid the shell being charged. The connection between the grounding connector and the adapter plate can also be achieved by using a wire, and the connection with the earth can be achieved directly by placing it on the ground, or by connecting the grounding wire of the power socket. The specific shape, type and implementation method of the shell, adapter plate and grounding connector are not particularly limited in this application, and the connection between them can also be achieved in a variety of ways, not limited to the implementation method proposed in this embodiment. The grounding connector can be specifically implemented by a grounding stud and the like. The shell in this embodiment can be made of insulating material or non-insulating material. It only plays the role of protecting the circuit and does not need to be charged.

[0070] Specifically, by providing a shell to carry the surge protection circuit, the safety and reliability of the entire surge protection circuit can be effectively improved, and the influence of environmental factors on the surge protection circuit can be avoided. At the same time, the shell is used to construct a complete underground circuit for surge energy to ensure the effective discharge of surge energy.

[0071] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a surge protection device for a network interface, including a circuit board and a surge protection circuit for the network interface as described above, wherein the surge protection circuit for the network interface is arranged on the circuit board.

[0072] It is understandable that the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor in the surge protection circuit can be integrated on the circuit board, so the surge protection circuit can be set on the circuit board to form a surge protection device, which is convenient for subsequent direct application. The specific type and implementation method of the circuit board are not particularly limited in this application, and its shape and size can be designed and adjusted according to the routing width of the preset surge grounding wire and the specific size of the surge grounding conductor.

[0073] For the description of the features of the surge protection device for the network interface provided in the embodiment of the present invention, reference can be made to the relevant description of the embodiment of the surge protection circuit for the network interface, which will not be described in detail here.

[0074] See also Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a network interface system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a network interface system, including a network interface, a network transformer T0 and a surge protection device of the network interface as described above, the network interface, the network transformer T0 and the surge protection circuit of the network interface are all arranged on a circuit board of the surge protection device of the network interface.

[0075] It is not difficult to understand that in order to facilitate surge protection of the network interface, the surge protection circuit and the network interface, network transformer T0 and other network interface circuits used for data transmission can also be integrated on the same circuit board to form a whole network interface system for application. In the case of a fixed application scenario, the server can also be integrated into this circuit board. At this time, the network interface and the network transformer T0, and the network transformer T0 and the server will be connected through signal lines. At the same time, various devices will be further set between the network transformer T0 and the server to perform signal processing and facilitate signal transmission.

[0076] As a specific embodiment, Figure 2As shown, taking the number of network transformers T0 set as four as an example, the first side of the first network transformer T0 is connected to the J1 port and the J2 port of the network port through two signal lines, the first side of the second network transformer T0 is connected to the J3 port and the J6 port of the network port through two signal lines, the first side of the third network transformer T0 is connected to the J4 port and the J5 port of the network port through two signal lines, and the first side of the first network transformer T0 is connected to the J7 port and the J8 port of the network port through two signal lines. The second side of the network transformer T0 is connected to the ordinary transformer T1, the primary sides of the four ordinary transformers T1 are connected to each other through the capacitor C0, and are connected to the two power pins VCC P1, VCC P11 and the ground pin GND P6 of the server to form a loop, and the diode TVS is connected in parallel between the two secondary sides of the ordinary transformer, and the two ends of the parallel circuit are connected to the server to form a complete data transmission loop. The second side of the first network transformer T0 is connected to the P2 pin and P3 pin of the server through the peripheral circuit, the second side of the second network transformer T0 is connected to the P4 pin and P5 pin of the server through the peripheral circuit, the second side of the third network transformer T0 is connected to the P7 pin and P8 pin of the server through the peripheral circuit, and the second side of the fourth network transformer T0 is connected to the P9 pin and P10 pin of the server through the peripheral circuit.

[0077] It can be understood that after the surge protection circuit is set, the positive pressure energy between the network interface and the network transformer T0 flows to the earth through the signal line, the center tap lead, the preset surge grounding line and the surge grounding conductor in sequence, and the negative pressure energy returns to the surge energy generator through the earth, the surge grounding conductor, the preset surge grounding line, the center tap lead and the signal line in sequence, forming a discharge loop for surge energy.

[0078] For the description of the features in the network interface system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, reference may be made to the relevant description of the embodiment of the surge protection circuit of the network interface, which will not be described in detail here.

[0079] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0080] The signal ground conductor is arranged on the circuit board and is used to connect the ground point of the circuit except the preset surge ground line.

[0081] It is not difficult to understand that, considering that there is a peripheral circuit for data transmission between the network interface, the network transformer T0 and the server, there may also be a grounding requirement in this peripheral circuit, such as Figure 2The ground pin GND P6 of the server shown needs to be grounded. Therefore, in addition to setting up a surge grounding conductor specifically for discharging surge energy on the circuit board, an additional signal grounding conductor can be set up to implement the grounding point design in the peripheral circuit, further separating the surge energy and the signal in the data transmission from each other. The specific type and implementation method of the signal grounding conductor are not particularly limited in this application, and the same design as the surge grounding conductor can be used. There are also many options for the arrangement of the surge grounding conductor and the signal grounding conductor on the circuit board. For the convenience of distinction, when the circuit board is rectangular, the two grounding conductors can be set at the diagonal position of the circuit board.

[0082] Specifically, when the surge protection circuit and the peripheral circuit of the network interface itself used for data transmission are arranged on the same circuit board, the grounding point in the surge protection circuit and the grounding point in the peripheral circuit can be further set independently to further isolate the surge energy and the signal in the data transmission, avoid the influence of surge energy on the data transmission process, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the data output process.

[0083] See also Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a circuit board design for a network interface system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the circuit board includes a top layer, a first ground layer, a signal layer, a second ground layer, and a bottom layer;

[0084] The network interface and network transformer T0 are set on the top layer. The preset surge grounding wire of the surge protection circuit is routed on the top layer by default. The wire connected to the network interface is routed on the top layer by default. The wire connected to the network transformer T0 is routed on the top layer by default. The wire connected to the server is routed on the top layer by default.

[0085] The preset surge grounding wire is connected to the center tap of the first side of the network transformer T0 through the center tap lead;

[0086] If any two of the wires connected to the network interface, the wires connected to the network transformer T0, the wires connected to the server, the preset surge ground wire, and the center tap lead have routing conflicts, any one of the two conflicting wires will be routed across layers to the signal layer;

[0087] The first ground layer and the second ground layer are both connected to the earth; the first ground layer serves as the signal reference layer of the top layer, the second ground layer serves as the signal reference layer of the bottom layer, and the first ground layer or the second ground layer serves as the signal reference layer of the signal layer.

[0088] It is understandable that in order to facilitate the arrangement of the peripheral circuits and surge protection circuits of the network interface on the same circuit board, the circuit board can be implemented in a stacked design. The circuit board with a stacked design can specifically include a top layer, a first ground layer, a signal layer, a second ground layer and a bottom layer. Both the top layer and the bottom layer can be used as device placement layers to place devices in the peripheral circuits, etc. The second layer below the top layer is the GND layer, the third layer is the signal layer, and the fourth layer is the GND layer. Considering that both the top layer and the bottom layer may have device placement and corresponding circuit design, and a signal layer is also added between the two, it is necessary to set a first ground layer between the top layer and the signal layer as the signal reference layer of the top layer to provide a path for signal return; set a second ground layer between the signal layer and the bottom layer as the signal reference layer of the bottom layer, and the signal layer in the middle of the two can select one layer from the first ground layer and the second ground layer as its own signal reference layer, and generally the layer closer will be selected as its own signal reference layer.

[0089] It should be noted that, for the convenience of application, in general, the device will be set on the surface layer of the circuit board by default, that is, the top layer, so the surge protection circuit and the peripheral circuit will generally be set on the top layer of the circuit board, so the preset surge grounding wire of the surge protection circuit will also be routed on the top layer by default, and the wires connected to the network interface, the wires connected to the network transformer T0, and the wires connected to the server in the peripheral circuit will also be routed on the top layer by default. If the high-voltage capacitor in the relevant technology is used for surge protection, then when designing the circuit board of the entire network interface system, in order to facilitate the setting of the high-voltage capacitor, all parts between the network interface and the network transformer T0 will be completely cleared below, and there will be no GND layer or other routing except for the network signal below. In this way, for the PCB, it is impossible to route a certain range below and around it, which will cause waste of the PCB; when the TVS or other surge protection devices in the relevant technology are used, they are generally not cleared, and the TVS tube or other surge protection devices will be used to lower the GND nearby. Since the device must be on the surface or bottom layer, the surge energy enters from the signal at this time, and only the surface grounding point can be selected for grounding. When using the surge protection circuit provided in the present application, it is only necessary to add a preset surge grounding line routing on the circuit board and adjust the center tap lead of the network transformer T0. This is simple, convenient and easy to implement. The circuit board can also be normally stacked, reducing costs. At the same time, the setting of the surge grounding conductor is also more flexible.

[0090] It is not difficult to understand that the signal layer is used to route high-speed signal lines. When the surge protection circuit and the peripheral circuit are set on the same circuit board, the routing of the preset surge ground wire and the center tap lead for surge protection may conflict with the signal lines in the peripheral circuit. The signal lines of the peripheral circuit itself may also conflict with each other. At this time, the conductors with routing conflicts can be routed across layers to the signal lines. When crossing layers, the high-speed signal routing of the network transformer T0 can be used, such as MDI (Medium Dependent Interface) high-speed signal routing, etc., to improve the line transmission efficiency when crossing layers. It should be noted that this application does not make any special restrictions on the specific shape, size, etc. of each layer in the circuit board. In general, each layer will maintain the same shape and size and be set in parallel. The size of the bottom layer and the top layer can also be set larger than other layers to cover other layers and better protect the routing.

[0091] Specifically, through a stacking design, a new routing and layout method for the network interface system is provided. At the same time, the surge protection circuit provided by the present application will not affect the stacking design of the circuit board, and no special settings such as clearance are required, which improves the utilization rate of the PCB and reduces the design cost of the entire network interface system.

[0092] In some embodiments, if the routing of the wire connected to the network interface conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, or the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer T0 conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, or the routing of the wire connected to the server conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, the wire that conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire is routed across the layer to the signal layer;

[0093] If the routing of the wire connected to the network interface conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, or the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer T0 conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, or the routing of the wire connected to the server conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, the wire that conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead will be routed across the layer to the signal layer.

[0094] Considering that when the routing changes layers, there will be certain parasitic capacitance and inductance at the layer change VIA, which will have a weak blocking effect on interference noise. Therefore, if you want to make the surge noise flow back to the ground faster, try to avoid the cross-layer routing of the preset surge grounding wire and the center tap lead for surge protection. Therefore, when there is a routing conflict between the preset surge grounding wire and the center tap lead and other signal lines, it will be prioritized to keep the preset surge grounding wire and the center tap lead on the top layer, and choose to design the signal line across layers. In this way, the routing of the center tap lead can be directly connected together on the top layer routing, and then the structure is grounded through the preset surge grounding wire and surge grounding conductor set on the top layer, trying to ensure that there is no parasitic inductance or capacitance on the path through which the entire surge energy flows, so as to ensure that the surge current returns to the source end through GND as quickly as possible, ensuring the effect of surge protection.

[0095] Furthermore, in order to further save costs, when designing the wiring of the circuit board, you can give priority to the shortest path design of the surge grounding line and the center tap lead. When routing the circuit board, take the shortest path grounding as the goal, first design the center tap lead, then design the preset surge grounding line, and then design the signal line of the network interface. At this time, if there is a routing conflict, cross-layer routing can be performed directly.

[0096] Specifically, by giving priority to ensuring the top-layer routing of the preset surge ground wire and the center tap lead, the impact of cross-layer routing on surge energy discharge can be avoided, ensuring that the surge energy can be discharged at the fastest speed, ensuring the effect of the entire surge protection, and ensuring the protection capability of the surge protection circuit.

[0097] The above is a detailed introduction to a surge protection circuit, device and network interface system for a network interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part description.

[0098] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0099] The above is a detailed introduction to a surge protection circuit, device and network interface system for a network interface provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surge protection circuit for a network interface, characterized in that: The network interface is connected to the server through a network transformer; the surge protection circuit includes: A preset surge grounding wire is used to connect the center taps of the first side of all the network transformers, so that the center taps of the first side of the network transformers are all grounded through the preset surge grounding wire; wherein the first side of the network transformer is the side of the network transformer connected to the network interface; A surge grounding conductor, wherein a first end of the surge grounding conductor is connected to one end of the preset surge grounding wire, and a second end is grounded, so that the preset surge grounding wire is connected to the earth through the surge grounding conductor.

2. The network interface surge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset surge grounding wire is connected to the center tap of the first side of the network transformer through a center tap lead; if the number of the network transformers is N, N is a positive integer; The routing width of the preset surge grounding line is greater than N+1 times the routing width of the center tap lead.

3. The surge protection circuit of the network interface as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The routing width of the preset surge grounding line is greater than 2N+2 times the routing width of the signal line; Wherein, the signal line is a connecting wire between the network interface and the network transformer.

4. The surge protection circuit of the network interface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A conductive shell, wherein the preset surge grounding wire and the surge grounding conductor are both arranged in the conductive shell, the conductive shell is overlapped with the surge grounding conductor, and one end of the conductive shell is grounded.

5. The surge protection circuit of the network interface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A housing, wherein the preset surge grounding wire and the surge grounding conductor are both arranged in the housing; An adapter plate, which is disposed in the housing and connected to the surge grounding conductor via a wire; A grounding connector, the grounding connector passes through the shell and is insulated from the shell; the inner end of the grounding connector is conductively connected to the grounding end of the adapter plate through a wire, and the outer end is conductively connected to the grounding wire.

6. A surge protection device for a network interface, characterized in that: It comprises a circuit board and a surge protection circuit of a network interface as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the surge protection circuit of the network interface is arranged on the circuit board.

7. A network interface system, characterized in that: It comprises a network interface, a network transformer and a surge protection device for the network interface as claimed in claim 6, wherein the network interface, the network transformer and the surge protection circuit of the network interface are all arranged on a circuit board of the surge protection device for the network interface.

8. The network interface system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A signal ground conductor is disposed on the circuit board and is used to connect a ground point of a circuit other than the preset surge ground line.

9. The network interface system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The circuit board comprises a top layer, a first ground layer, a signal layer, a second ground layer and a bottom layer; The network interface and the network transformer are arranged on the top layer, and the preset surge grounding wire of the surge protection circuit is routed on the top layer by default; The wires connected to the network interface are routed on the top layer by default; The wires connected to the network transformer are routed on the top layer by default; The wires connected to the server are routed on the top layer by default; The preset surge grounding wire is connected to the center tap of the first side of the network transformer through a center tap lead; If any two of the routing of the wire connected to the network interface, the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer, the routing of the wire connected to the server, the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, and the routing of the center tap lead have routing conflicts, any one of the two conflicting wires is routed across layers to the signal layer; The first grounding layer and the second grounding layer are both connected to the ground; The first ground layer serves as a signal reference layer for the top layer, the second ground layer serves as a signal reference layer for the bottom layer, and the first ground layer or the second ground layer serves as a signal reference layer for the signal layer.

10. The network interface system according to claim 9, characterized in that: If the routing of the wire connected to the network interface conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, or the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, or the routing of the wire connected to the server conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire, the wire that conflicts with the routing of the preset surge grounding wire is routed across the layer to the signal layer; If the routing of the wire connected to the network interface conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, or the routing of the wire connected to the network transformer conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, or the routing of the wire connected to the server conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead, the wire that conflicts with the routing of the center tap lead will be routed across the layer to the signal layer.

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