Concrete texture design method based on 3D printing technology

Abstract

The application discloses a texture design method of concrete based on a 3D printing technology, and comprises the following steps: obtaining a material formula of the concrete and a nozzle diameter of a 3D printer; matching the nozzle diameter with an appropriate size based on various concrete-mixture proportions; obtaining different texture designs based on the thickness, path width and printing precision of each layer of the concrete printed by using various attribute concretes and the matched nozzle diameter; and removing redundant materials and increasing texture effects by polishing, polishing and sand blasting treatment based on the concrete after printing is completed. The application has the advantages that the efficiency and safety are improved. Developers can perform remote development or debugging according to permissions, update system files, adjust device parameters, reduce on-site operation, feed back debugging results in real time, optimize system performance, improve device stability and reduce maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to 3D printing and texture design, specifically to a method for texture design of concrete based on 3D printing technology. Background Technology

[0002] A 3D printing-based method for designing concrete textures involves selecting an appropriate nozzle diameter based on the type and mix proportions of concrete to ensure smooth flow and accurate deposition. Matching the nozzle diameter ensures tight layer bonding during printing and influences printing accuracy, layer thickness, and path width. After printing, post-processing techniques such as grinding, polishing, and sandblasting remove excess material, adjust surface smoothness, and add texture effects using various methods. Ultimately, by optimizing the nozzle diameter and printing process parameters, combined with post-processing, a concrete surface texture design that possesses both structural strength and artistic appeal can be achieved. This method is not only applicable to architectural structures but can also be widely used in art installations, landscape design, and other fields, offering greater design freedom.

[0003] Today, there is a rich variety of concrete texture design methods available. Common methods include mold imprinting, such as using wood grain, stone grain, or geometric pattern molds, to give the concrete surface a natural and unique texture. Secondly, hand carving is also a popular method, where artisans use tools to manually carve intricate patterns or designs, showcasing personalized designs. In addition, sandblasting and acid washing techniques can alter the roughness and color of the concrete surface through chemical reactions or sandblasting treatments, creating artistic effects. Surface coloring can also be achieved using colorants and dyes, making the concrete texture even more vibrant and diverse. Modern concrete texture design methods are diverse, meeting both functional requirements and aesthetic value, and are widely used in architecture, landscaping, interior decoration, and other fields. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve existing methods for concrete texture design, this paper proposes a 3D printing-based approach. This method involves selecting an appropriate 3D printing nozzle diameter based on the concrete formulation to ensure layer thickness, path width, and printing accuracy. Different texture designs are achieved through nozzle matching, and the texture effect is enhanced after printing through grinding, polishing, or sandblasting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for designing concrete textures based on 3D printing technology, characterized by comprising:

[0007] Obtain the concrete material formula and the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer;

[0008] Match the appropriate nozzle diameter based on the mixing ratio of various types of concrete;

[0009] Using concrete with various properties, different texture designs are obtained based on the thickness, path width, and printing accuracy of each layer of concrete printed with the matching nozzle diameter.

[0010] Based on the printed concrete, excess material is removed and textured by grinding, polishing, and sandblasting.

[0011] Preferably, matching a suitable nozzle diameter based on various concrete mixing ratios specifically includes:

[0012] Obtain the main components of concrete, including cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures;

[0013] Concrete with a high cement content has strong adhesion and low fluidity. Therefore, nozzles with a larger diameter are selected to obtain a rough texture effect formed by accumulation.

[0014] Concrete with a high aggregate ratio has low fluidity and adhesion. Therefore, nozzles with a larger diameter are selected to obtain a granular texture effect.

[0015] Because concrete with a high water-cement ratio has low consistency and strong fluidity, nozzles with smaller diameters are selected to obtain a textured effect with a smooth, streamlined surface.

[0016] By introducing an air-entraining agent, tiny air bubbles are introduced into the concrete to enhance its frost resistance and impermeability. A nozzle with an appropriate diameter is selected and used to obtain a textured effect with tiny pores.

[0017] Preferably, selecting a suitable nozzle diameter based on the fluidity and adhesion of concrete specifically includes:

[0018] Based on the slump test, the fluidity of concrete is tested; the greater the slump, the stronger the fluidity.

[0019] The viscosity or yield stress of concrete is measured using a flowability meter.

[0020] Based on the obtained flowability and adhesion values, the nozzle diameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Where, d 喷嘴 Where is the nozzle diameter, K is a constant related to concrete fluidity, and η is the viscosity or fluidity coefficient of concrete.

[0023] Preferably, the step of using concrete with various properties to obtain different texture designs based on the thickness, path width, and printing accuracy of each layer of concrete printed with different nozzle diameters specifically includes:

[0024] When printing the first and base layers, a larger nozzle diameter and a slower printing speed are selected to obtain a substrate with stability and a certain structural strength.

[0025] When printing surface and detail layers, select a smaller nozzle diameter and a slower printing speed to obtain surface layers with high precision and high quality;

[0026] The concrete thickness is generally 50% to 75% of the nozzle diameter, and the calculation formula is: h = d 喷嘴 ×(0.5~0.75);

[0027] The width of the concrete path, if a large-scale textured surface is required, is generally 100% to 150% of the nozzle diameter. If fine lines, geometric shapes, or curved surfaces are required, the printed path width should be set to 50% to 75% of the nozzle diameter. The calculation formula is: w = d 喷嘴 ×(0.5~1.5);

[0028] The concrete printing accuracy is negatively correlated with the nozzle diameter; the smaller the nozzle diameter, the higher the printing accuracy.

[0029] Texture density is related to nozzle diameter and layer height. A smaller layer height yields more detailed textures and a higher texture density. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] Preferably, the process of removing excess material and enhancing the texture effect by grinding, polishing, and sandblasting the printed concrete specifically includes:

[0031] For larger areas with polished surfaces, an electric grinder is used for polishing, while for smaller areas, sandpaper and sandstone are used for manual finishing.

[0032] For concrete requiring smoothing, a polishing machine is used for polishing.

[0033] Sandblasting is used to remove excess material from the concrete surface.

[0034] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By precisely matching the material formulation and nozzle diameter, it enables fine-tuning of different types of concrete, ensuring that each concrete material maintains optimal flowability, strength, and surface finish during printing. This matching not only improves the stability of concrete printing but also optimizes the accuracy and efficiency of the printing process. Secondly, by matching the nozzle diameter with the concrete mix ratio, the thickness and path width of each concrete layer can be flexibly controlled, thereby precisely controlling the formation of each texture. Through the comprehensive utilization of concrete with different properties, rich and unique surface texture effects can be created to meet diverse design needs. Furthermore, after printing, post-processing techniques such as grinding, polishing, and sandblasting can remove excess material and further enhance the details of the surface texture, giving the concrete artwork not only excellent structural performance but also a beautiful visual effect. Overall, this method not only improves design flexibility and precision but also significantly enhances the aesthetic effect and application value of concrete, making it widely applicable in fields such as architecture and artistic decoration. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the concrete texture design process of the method proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of nozzle diameter matching for the method proposed in this invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle diameter matching method proposed in this invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of concrete parameters for the method proposed in this invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the texture enhancement method proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0041] Methods for designing concrete textures based on 3D printing technology include:

[0042] Step 1: Obtain the concrete material formula and the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer;

[0043] Step 2: Match the appropriate nozzle diameter based on the mixing ratio of various types of concrete;

[0044] Step 3: Using concrete with various properties, based on the thickness, path width, and printing accuracy of each layer of concrete printed with the matching nozzle diameter, obtain different texture designs;

[0045] Step 4: Based on the printed concrete, remove excess material and enhance the texture effect through grinding, polishing, and sandblasting.

[0046] See Figure 2 As shown, matching the appropriate nozzle diameter based on various concrete mixing ratios specifically includes:

[0047] Obtain the main components of concrete, including cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures;

[0048] Concrete with a high cement content has strong adhesion and low fluidity. Therefore, nozzles with a larger diameter are selected to obtain a rough texture effect formed by accumulation.

[0049] Concrete with a high aggregate ratio has low fluidity and adhesion. Therefore, nozzles with a larger diameter are selected to obtain a granular texture effect.

[0050] Because concrete with a high water-cement ratio has low consistency and strong fluidity, nozzles with smaller diameters are selected to obtain a textured effect with a smooth, streamlined surface.

[0051] By introducing an air-entraining agent, tiny air bubbles are introduced into the concrete to enhance its frost resistance and impermeability. A nozzle with an appropriate diameter is selected and used to obtain a textured effect with tiny pores.

[0052] Understandably, fine aggregate concrete (such as concrete primarily composed of fine sand) has a higher viscosity due to its small particle size, which may cause it to stagnate inside the nozzle, resulting in poor concrete spraying. Therefore, for fine aggregate concrete, using a small-diameter nozzle can prevent excessive concrete from accumulating at the nozzle. Simultaneously, appropriately reducing the amount of cement and increasing the proportion of aggregate, or adding a fluidizing agent to reduce the concrete's viscosity, can improve spraying results.

[0053] See Figure 3 As shown, selecting a suitable nozzle diameter based on the fluidity and adhesion of concrete specifically includes:

[0054] Based on the slump test, the fluidity of concrete is tested; the greater the slump, the stronger the fluidity.

[0055] The viscosity or yield stress of concrete is measured using a flowability meter.

[0056] Based on the obtained flowability and adhesion values, the nozzle diameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] Where, d 喷嘴 Where is the nozzle diameter, K is a constant related to concrete fluidity, and η is the viscosity or fluidity coefficient of concrete.

[0059] See Figure 4 As shown, using concrete with various properties, based on the thickness, path width, and printing precision of each layer of concrete printed with different nozzle diameters, different texture designs are obtained, specifically including:

[0060] When printing the first and base layers, a larger nozzle diameter and a slower printing speed are selected to obtain a substrate with stability and a certain structural strength.

[0061] When printing surface and detail layers, select a smaller nozzle diameter and a slower printing speed to obtain surface layers with high precision and high quality;

[0062] The concrete thickness is generally 50% to 75% of the nozzle diameter, and the calculation formula is: h = d 喷嘴 ×(0.5~0.75);

[0063] The width of the concrete path, if a large-scale textured surface is required, is generally 100% to 150% of the nozzle diameter. If fine lines, geometric shapes, or curved surfaces are required, the printed path width should be set to 50% to 75% of the nozzle diameter. The calculation formula is: w = d 喷嘴 ×(0.5~1.5);

[0064] The concrete printing accuracy is negatively correlated with the nozzle diameter; the smaller the nozzle diameter, the higher the printing accuracy.

[0065] Texture density is related to nozzle diameter and layer height. A smaller layer height yields more detailed textures and a higher texture density. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0066] Specifically, considering the requirements of each level, the following specific printing parameter settings can be derived as a reference example:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] See Figure 5 As shown, based on the printed concrete, excess material is removed and textured through grinding, polishing, and sandblasting. Specifically, this includes:

[0070] For larger areas with polished surfaces, an electric grinder is used for polishing, while for smaller areas, sandpaper and sandstone are used for manual finishing.

[0071] For concrete requiring smoothing, a polishing machine is used for polishing.

[0072] Sandblasting is used to remove excess material from the concrete surface.

[0073] In summary, the advantages of this invention are as follows: by precisely controlling the concrete material formulation, nozzle diameter, and printing parameters, high-precision, personalized texture effects can be achieved. First, by selecting an appropriate nozzle diameter based on different types of concrete mix proportions, the fluidity and interlayer adhesion of the concrete are ensured, optimizing the printing accuracy of each concrete layer. By adjusting the ratio of nozzle diameter to concrete mix proportions, the width of the printing path and the thickness of each concrete layer can be controlled, thus achieving a fine texture effect. Second, after printing, post-processing techniques such as grinding, polishing, and sandblasting are used to remove excess material, further improving the clarity and delicacy of the surface texture. This method not only enhances design flexibility but also increases production efficiency, reduces labor costs, and possesses strong economic viability and sustainability.

[0074] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A method for designing concrete textures based on 3D printing technology, characterized in that, include: Obtain the concrete material formula and the nozzle diameter of the 3D printer; Obtain the main components of concrete, including cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures; Concrete with a high cement content has strong adhesion and low fluidity. Therefore, nozzles with a larger diameter are selected to obtain a rough texture effect formed by accumulation. Concrete with a high aggregate ratio has low fluidity and adhesion. Therefore, nozzles with a larger diameter are selected to obtain a granular texture effect. Because concrete with a high water-cement ratio has low consistency and strong fluidity, nozzles with smaller diameters are selected to obtain a textured effect with a smooth, streamlined surface. By introducing an air-entraining agent, micro-bubbles are introduced into the concrete to enhance its frost resistance and impermeability. A nozzle with an appropriate diameter is selected to obtain a textured effect with micro-pores. Based on the slump test, the fluidity of concrete is tested; the greater the slump, the stronger the fluidity. The viscosity or yield stress of concrete is measured using a flowability meter. Based on the obtained flowability and adhesion values, the nozzle diameter is calculated using the following formula: Where, d 喷嘴 Where is the nozzle diameter, K is a constant related to concrete fluidity, and η is the viscosity or fluidity coefficient of concrete. Using concrete with various properties, different texture designs are obtained based on the thickness, path width, and printing accuracy of each layer of concrete printed with the matching nozzle diameter. Based on the printed concrete, excess material is removed and textured by grinding, polishing, and sandblasting.

2. The method for designing concrete textures based on 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of using concrete with various properties to obtain different texture designs based on the thickness, path width, and printing accuracy of each layer of concrete printed with different nozzle diameters specifically includes: When printing the first and base layers, a larger nozzle diameter and a slower printing speed are selected to obtain a substrate with stability and a certain structural strength. When printing surface and detail layers, select a smaller nozzle diameter and a slower printing speed to obtain surface layers with high precision and high quality; The concrete thickness is generally 50% to 75% of the nozzle diameter, and the calculation formula is: h = d 喷嘴 ×(0.5~0.75); The width of the concrete path, if a large-scale textured surface is required, is generally 100% to 150% of the nozzle diameter. If fine lines, geometric shapes, or curved surfaces are required, the printed path width should be set to 50% to 75% of the nozzle diameter. The calculation formula is: w = d 喷嘴 ×(0.5~1.5); The concrete printing accuracy is negatively correlated with the nozzle diameter; the smaller the nozzle diameter, the higher the printing accuracy. Texture density is related to nozzle diameter and layer height. A smaller layer height yields more detailed textures and a higher texture density. The calculation formula is as follows:

3. The method for designing concrete textures based on 3D printing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of removing excess material and enhancing texture from the printed concrete through grinding, polishing, and sandblasting specifically includes: For larger areas with polished surfaces, use an electric grinder for polishing; for smaller areas with rough surfaces, use sandpaper and sandstone for manual processing. For concrete requiring smoothing, a polishing machine is used for polishing. Sandblasting is used to remove excess material from the concrete surface.

Images