Multifunctional static sounding counter-force device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional static sounding counter-force device and a test method. The sounding mechanism is placed on a to-be-detected soil body, the counter-force supporting mechanism is installed at the bottom of the sounding mechanism and can axially rotate around the sounding mechanism, the lower end of the counter-force supporting mechanism is inserted into the soil body to form a closed cavity, a through hole is formed in the middle of the counter-force supporting mechanism, one end of the counter-force anchor is fixedly installed on the counter-force supporting mechanism, and the other end of the counter-force anchor is fixedly installed on the counter-force supporting mechanism. One end of the counter-force anchor is used for fixing the counter-force supporting mechanism and the soil body, the other end of the counter-force anchor penetrates through a through hole formed in the counter-force supporting mechanism and then extends into the soil body, the counter-force anchor is used for fixing the counter-force supporting mechanism and the soil body, and a sounding rod in the sounding mechanism extends into the soil body to conduct a static sounding test. The device can adapt to different terrain environments by adjusting the length and direction of the counter-force supporting mechanism, and meanwhile, the cavity at the bottom of the counter-force supporting mechanism is vacuumized to increase the counter-force which can be provided by the counter-force device so as to reach the depth required by testing, so that indexes such as penetration resistance and side friction resistance of soil can be quickly, continuously, accurately and directly measured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of static penetration testing, and in particular relates to a multifunctional static penetration testing reaction force device and a testing method. Background Art

[0002] The static penetration test uses static pressure to uniformly press a conical probe into the soil at a certain rate to measure its penetration resistance, including cone head resistance and side wall friction resistance or friction ratio, and divides the soil layers according to the resistance to determine the engineering properties of the soil. The static penetration test can determine the spatial distribution and engineering properties of various types of soil, and the field operation is simple, convenient and the test time is short. The static penetration test is suitable for soft soil, sandy soil and soil layers containing a small amount of gravel. Compared with traditional drilling methods, the static penetration test has the advantages of fast speed, low labor intensity, cleanliness and economy, and can continuously obtain the strength and other information of the stratum, and is not affected by human factors such as sampling disturbance. Therefore, it is widely used in the exploration of foundation soil layers in the fields of construction, water conservancy, and electricity.

[0003] The reaction force of a static penetration instrument usually takes three forms: using a ground anchor, a heavy object, or the weight of a car as a reaction force. Among them, using a ground anchor as a reaction force device has a wider range of applications due to its economy and convenience. However, in some special working environments or when there are special measurement requirements, such as when the working space in the enclosure is small, the terrain of a certain control point is limited, or the measurement range required by the site is very deep, ordinary reaction force devices will not be able to meet the test requirements. In addition, ordinary static penetration equipment and reaction force devices are often heavy, difficult to carry and install, and have certain risks. Finally, the plane layout and depth of the ground anchor of the existing reaction force device are often fixed, and the test impact area cannot be adjusted, which will affect on-site sampling and other tests. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology and to address the shortcomings of the existing static penetration reaction force devices, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional static penetration reaction force device and a test method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] 1. A multifunctional static penetration reaction device:

[0007] The device includes a sounding mechanism, a reaction force support mechanism and a reaction force anchor. The sounding mechanism is placed on the soil to be detected. The bottom end of the reaction force support mechanism extends into the soil to be detected, and a cavity is formed between the reaction force support mechanism and the soil. The reaction force support mechanism can be installed on the outer periphery of the bottom of the sounding mechanism axially rotatable around the sounding mechanism. A through hole is opened in the middle of the reaction force support mechanism. One end of the reaction force anchor is fixedly installed on the top of the reaction force support mechanism, and the other end passes through the through hole opened in the reaction force support mechanism and extends into the soil. The reaction force anchor is used to fix the reaction force support mechanism and the soil. The sounding rod in the sounding mechanism extends into the soil to measure the penetration resistance of the soil, and then divide the soil into layers according to the penetration resistance.

[0008] The sounding mechanism comprises a sounding rod, a sounding base, a support column and a support beam; the sounding base is placed on the soil to be detected, two support columns are vertically installed on the upper surface of the sounding base, and the two ends of the support beam are respectively installed on the two support columns so as to be movable up and down, a sounding rod through hole is opened in the middle of the sounding base, the top end of the sounding rod is fixedly installed on the support beam, and the other end is passed through the sounding rod through hole opened in the sounding base and then extends into the soil to measure the penetration resistance of the soil;

[0009] The support beam is externally connected to a hydraulic cylinder, which is used to drive the support beam to move up and down, thereby driving the sounding rod to move up and down in the soil. The reaction force support mechanism is movably installed on the periphery of the sounding base.

[0010] The reaction force support mechanism is mainly composed of four reaction force rotating parts, each reaction force rotating part includes a cylindrical sleeve and a rectangular sleeve, and through holes are opened in the middle of the cylindrical sleeve and the rectangular sleeve, and the cylindrical sleeve and the rectangular sleeve are fixedly connected. Four rotating main shafts are installed on the outer periphery of the probing base in the probing mechanism, and each cylindrical sleeve can be axially rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating main shaft around the rotating main shaft. The bottom end of the rectangular sleeve extends downward beyond the bottom end of the cylindrical sleeve, and a perforated steel plate is horizontally installed in the middle of the rectangular sleeve. The top end of the reaction force anchor is installed on the rectangular sleeve, and the other end passes through the through hole opened in the rectangular sleeve and extends into the soil. The reaction force anchor is used to fix the reaction force rotating part, and the bottom end of the rectangular sleeve is inserted into the soil. The perforated steel plate in the middle of the rectangular sleeve does not contact the soil, so that a cavity is formed between the rectangular sleeve and the soil.

[0011] The reaction support mechanism also includes a detachable hollow I-beam, which is installed on the reaction rotating component by bolts. The hollow I-beam is mainly composed of a steel top plate, a steel bottom plate, a steel web member and a steel enclosure member. The steel web member is a hollow cube structure formed by four identical steel webs connected end to end, and the steel top plate and the steel bottom plate are respectively installed on the top and bottom of the steel web. The steel enclosure member is a hollow cube structure formed by four identical steel enclosures connected end to end. The top of the steel enclosure is connected to the steel bottom plate, and the top of the reaction anchor is installed on the hollow I-beam, and the other end passes through the hollow hole in the middle of the hollow I-beam and extends into the soil to fix the hollow I-beam. The bottom end of the steel enclosure member is inserted into the soil, and the steel bottom plate does not contact the soil, so that a cavity is formed between the steel enclosure member, the steel bottom plate and the soil.

[0012] The reaction force device adjusts the position and angle of the reaction force rotating component to adjust the position of the sounding rod, thereby realizing static sounding of the soil by the sounding rod in different terrain environments.

[0013] The reaction force device adjusts the number of the hollow I-beams to adjust the number of the reaction force anchors extending into the soil, thereby adjusting the maximum reaction force provided by the device.

[0014] A vacuum pump is installed on the sounding base, and the cavity formed between the reaction force support mechanism and the soil is connected to the vacuum pump through a pipeline, so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity with negative pressure after being evacuated by the vacuum pump.

[0015] 2. A multifunctional static penetration test method, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step S1, first determine the number and position of reaction anchors according to the detection depth and position of the soil;

[0017] Step S2, placing the sounding mechanism on the soil to be detected, inserting the bottom of the reaction force support mechanism into the soil, and forming a cavity between the reaction force support mechanism and the soil, then connecting the sounding mechanism and the reaction force support mechanism, and then anchoring the reaction force anchor at a determined position into the soil;

[0018] Step S3, then seal the gap between the reaction anchor and the reaction support mechanism, then turn on the vacuum pump connected to the sounding mechanism, and use the vacuum pump to evacuate the cavity between the reaction support mechanism and the soil, so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity with negative pressure after being evacuated by the vacuum pump;

[0019] Step S4, then install the sounding rod on the support beam of the sounding mechanism, then start the support beam, so that the sounding rod moves up and down with the support beam to measure the penetration resistance of the soil, and finally obtain the penetration resistance of the soil.

[0020] The present invention can adapt to different test terrains and depths to meet different engineering needs. The influence area of ​​the shallow soil body tested is controlled by adjusting the arrangement of the ground anchor (reaction anchor). The device and method in this invention adapt to different test needs by changing the connection form between the reaction support mechanism and the probing mechanism and the structural characteristics of the reaction support mechanism. The present invention uses air pressure difference to generate back pressure, which increases the testable depth of the test.

[0021] The reaction force device of the present invention can not only adapt to the requirements of different test terrains and depths, but also has the characteristics of being simple and portable, and having a controllable test impact area. The reaction force device of the present invention has the characteristics of being detachable, lightweight and portable, adaptable to various test terrains, and being able to control the test impact area. The reaction force support mechanism is detachable and can be combined and assembled into reaction force support mechanisms of different lengths according to different test terrains and test depth requirements.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The multifunctional static penetration reaction force device of the present invention can adapt to different terrain environments by adjusting the length and direction of the reaction force support mechanism, and can provide a considerable reaction force by adjusting the number of ground anchors to achieve the required test depth. At the same time, the ground anchors and air pressure difference are used to provide reaction force, so as to quickly, continuously and accurately measure the soil penetration resistance, lateral friction resistance and other indicators, which is of great help to understand the physical and mechanical properties of the original state of the soil layer, and provides scientific support for subsequent research.

[0024] 2. The present invention considers controlling the disturbance range of the ground anchor on the shallow soil layer from the perspective of the selection, installation and layout of the ground anchor to meet the needs of conducting various in-situ tests at the same time and ensure the accuracy of various test results on site.

[0025] 3. The present invention uses a new multifunctional static penetration instrument reaction device, which can meet the requirements of conducting other in-situ tests simultaneously, provide reference indicators for other tests, and save a lot of time and economic costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front view of the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of the device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of the reaction device for narrow and long terrain;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of the restricted terrain reaction device;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a reaction force support mechanism;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a reaction force support member connected to the interior of the sounding mechanism;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a hollow I-beam member;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the static penetration reaction device of Example 1;

[0034] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the static penetration reaction device of Example 2.

[0035] In the figure: 1. sounding mechanism; 2. reaction force support mechanism; 3. reaction force anchor; 4. sounding rod; 5. sounding base; 6. support column; 7. support beam; 8. vacuum pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation cases. The following implementation cases will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but will not limit the present invention in any form.

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a probing mechanism 1, a reaction force support mechanism 2 and a reaction force anchor 3. The probing mechanism 1 is placed on the soil to be detected, the bottom end of the reaction force support mechanism 2 extends into the soil to be detected, and a cavity is formed between the reaction force support mechanism 2 and the soil. The reaction force support mechanism 2 can be installed on the outer periphery of the bottom of the probing mechanism 1 axially rotatable around the probing mechanism 1, and a through hole is opened in the middle of the reaction force support mechanism 2. One end of the reaction force anchor 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the reaction force support mechanism 2, and the other end passes through the through hole opened in the reaction force support mechanism 2 and extends into the soil. The reaction force anchor 3 is used to fix the reaction force support mechanism 2 and the soil. The probing rod 4 in the probing mechanism 1 extends into the soil to measure the penetration resistance of the soil, and then divide the soil into soil layers.

[0038] In the specific implementation, one end of the reaction anchor 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the reaction support mechanism 2, and the other end is passed through the through hole of the reaction support mechanism 2 and then screwed into the soil. Then, the through hole of the reaction support mechanism 2 and the reaction anchor 3 are sealed to make the cavity below airtight, and then the vacuum pump 8 is used to evacuate the cavity to form a vacuum cavity, which provides reaction force together with the reaction anchor 3. The reaction force is transmitted to the sounding mechanism 1, and the sounding rod 4 in the sounding mechanism 1 is extended into the soil to perform a static sounding test.

[0039] The sounding mechanism 1 comprises a sounding rod 4, a sounding base 5, a support column 6 and a support beam 7; the sounding base 5 is placed on the soil to be detected, two support columns 6 are vertically mounted on the upper surface of the sounding base 5, and both ends of the support beam 7 are respectively mounted on the two support columns 6 so as to be movable up and down, a sounding rod through hole is opened in the middle of the sounding base 5, the top end of the sounding rod 4 is fixedly mounted on the support beam 7, and the other end is passed through the sounding rod through hole opened in the sounding base 5 and then extends into the soil to measure the penetration resistance of the soil;

[0040] The support beam 7 is externally connected to a hydraulic cylinder, which is used to drive the support beam 7 to move up and down, thereby driving the sounding rod 4 to move up and down in the soil. The reaction force support mechanism 2 is movably installed on the outer periphery of the sounding base 5.

[0041] Specifically, the sounding base 5 adopts a sandwich design, the top plate and the bottom plate of the sounding base 5 are high-strength steel plates, and four symmetrically distributed rotating spindles are arranged in the middle, and the rotating spindles are used to adjust the plane position of the reaction force support mechanism 2.

[0042] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the reaction force support mechanism 2 is mainly composed of four reaction force rotating parts, each reaction force rotating part includes a cylindrical sleeve and a rectangular sleeve, the middle parts of the cylindrical sleeve and the rectangular sleeve are provided with through holes, and the cylindrical sleeve and the rectangular sleeve are fixedly connected, and four rotating spindles are symmetrically installed on the outer periphery of the probe base 5 in the probe mechanism 1, each cylindrical sleeve can be axially rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating spindle around the rotating spindle, and the bottom end of the rectangular sleeve extends downward beyond the cylindrical sleeve The bottom end of the cylinder and a perforated steel plate are horizontally installed in the middle of the rectangular sleeve, the perforated steel plate is flush with the lower surface of the cylindrical sleeve, the top end of the reaction anchor 3 is installed on the rectangular sleeve, and the other end is inserted into the soil after passing through the through hole opened in the rectangular sleeve. The reaction anchor 3 is used to fix the reaction rotating component, and the reaction anchor 3 is sealed with the perforated steel plate. The bottom end of the rectangular sleeve is inserted into the soil, and the perforated steel plate in the middle of the rectangular sleeve does not contact the soil, so that a cavity is formed between the rectangular sleeve and the soil.

[0043] In a specific implementation, after the reaction anchor 3 and the perforated steel plate are sealed, the cavity at the bottom of the rectangular sleeve is evacuated to form a vacuum cavity, and the vacuum cavity and the reaction anchor 3 provide reaction force together.

[0044] like Figure 7As shown, the reaction support mechanism 2 also includes a detachable hollow I-beam, which is installed on the reaction rotation component by bolts. The hollow I-beam is mainly composed of a steel top plate, a steel bottom plate, a steel web member and a steel enclosure member. The steel web member is a hollow cubic structure formed by connecting four identical steel webs end to end. The steel top plate and the steel bottom plate are respectively installed on the top and bottom of the steel web, so that the hollow I-beam has a hollow columnar structure. The hollow I-beam is installed on the reaction rotation component through the steel web. In terms of components, the steel enclosure member is a hollow cubic structure formed by connecting four identical steel enclosures end to end. The top of the steel enclosure is connected to the steel bottom plate. The size of the steel web member is smaller than that of the steel enclosure member. The top of the reaction anchor 3 is installed on the hollow I-beam, and the other end passes through the hollow hole in the middle of the hollow I-beam and extends into the soil to fix the hollow I-beam. The bottom end of the steel enclosure member is inserted into the soil, and the steel bottom plate does not contact the soil, so that a cavity is formed between the steel enclosure member, the steel bottom plate and the soil.

[0045] In the specific implementation, the reaction anchor 3 and the hollow I-beam are sealed, and then the cavity at the bottom of the steel enclosure member is evacuated to form a vacuum cavity, which provides reaction force together with the reaction anchor 3. The hollow I-beam adopts a sandwich structure, with a square hole left between the upper and lower steel plates. The disc-shaped fastener of the ground anchor is pressed firmly above the hole to apply reaction force. Adjacent hollow I-beams are connected with high-strength shear bolts to form a reaction force system.

[0046] The vacuum chamber is surrounded by the reaction force rotating component / hollow I-beam and the soil below. The air pressure in the chamber is lower than the atmospheric pressure, so the atmosphere exerts pressure on the component as a reaction force, thereby increasing the reaction force that the reaction force support mechanism 2 can provide.

[0047] The reaction device adjusts the position and angle of the reaction rotating component to adjust the position of the sounding rod 4, thereby achieving static sounding of the soil by the sounding rod 4 in different terrain environments.

[0048] The reaction force device adjusts the number of the hollow I-beams to adjust the number of the reaction force anchors 3 extending into the soil, thereby adjusting the maximum reaction force that the device can provide.

[0049] A vacuum pump 8 is installed on the sounding base 5, and the cavity formed between the reaction force support mechanism 2 and the soil is connected to the vacuum pump 8 through a pipeline, so that the cavity is evacuated by the vacuum pump 8 to form a vacuum cavity with negative pressure.

[0050] To ensure the sealing of the vacuum chamber, after the reaction support mechanism 2 is inserted into the soil, the gap between the reaction support mechanism 2 and the reaction anchor 3 can be sealed. Grouting is performed on the soil at the edge of the vacuum chamber to ensure the airtightness of the soil and strengthen the strength of the soil.

[0051] An embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step S1, first determine the number and position of the reaction anchors 3 according to the detection depth and position of the soil, and then determine the plane layout of the reaction support mechanism 2 according to the terrain environment;

[0053] Step S2, placing the sounding mechanism 1 on the soil to be detected, inserting the bottom of the reaction force support mechanism 2 into the soil, and forming a cavity between the reaction force support mechanism 2 and the soil, then connecting the sounding mechanism 1 and the reaction force support mechanism 2, and then anchoring the reaction force anchor 3 in the determined position into the soil;

[0054] Step S3, then use a rubber plug to seal the gap between the reaction anchor 3 and the reaction support mechanism 2, then turn on the vacuum pump 8 connected to the sounding mechanism 1, and use the vacuum pump 8 to evacuate the cavity between the reaction support mechanism 2 and the soil, so that the cavity is evacuated by the vacuum pump 8 to form a vacuum cavity with negative pressure to provide reaction force;

[0055] Step S4, then install the sounding rod 4 on the support beam 7 of the sounding mechanism 1, and then start the support beam 7, so that the sounding rod 4 moves up and down with the support beam 7 to measure the penetration resistance of the soil, and finally obtain the penetration resistance of the soil. Subsequently, the soil layer can be divided according to the penetration resistance of the soil.

[0056] A rotating spindle is provided in the sounding mechanism to adjust the plane position of the reaction support mechanism. The reaction support mechanism can be assembled to different lengths by combining the number of hollow I-beams, so that the number and position of the reaction anchors can be flexibly adjusted. The reaction support mechanism is detachable and can be spliced ​​to a suitable length according to the terrain and test requirements. The components in the reaction support mechanism are hollow I-beams, and the hollow structure reduces the overall weight and is easy to carry. The components of the reaction support mechanism are connected by high-strength shear bolts to prevent local damage to the device and enhance the overall stability. The number and position of the reaction anchors can be adjusted according to the test requirements, and the effect of controlling the impact area of ​​the static penetration test can be achieved. The sounding mechanism is equipped with a sounding base to prevent uneven settlement.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] A number of in-situ tests need to be carried out in a certain enclosure. Due to the tight schedule, it is necessary to start in-situ sampling and testing work at the bottom of the pit at the same time, and the location of the static penetration test is arranged at the edge of the enclosure, with a test depth of 15m. The edge of the enclosure is arc-shaped, in order to better improve the space utilization. A combination of reaction supports in narrow and long areas can be adopted. Considering the large test depth, it is safer to choose to drive in six ground anchors. The combination of the reaction support mechanism adopts a "cross shape". Only one reaction anchor needs to be installed near the boundary of the enclosure, and the other side is arranged symmetrically; four reaction anchors are installed symmetrically along the long axis of the penetration mechanism. This can ensure that the central sampling area is not disturbed. The specific schematic diagram is as follows Figure 8 shown.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A geological survey project needs to establish a three-dimensional geological model, which requires data information from multiple survey points and a test depth requirement of 8m. However, a certain control point has a narrow terrain and is restricted on all sides, so the normal static penetration reaction device cannot be tested on site. Due to terrain restrictions, the plane layout of the reaction support can only be selected according to the terrain characteristics. Due to the low test depth requirements and terrain restrictions, four ground anchors can be used for fixing. The specific layout of the reaction device is as follows: Fig. 9 shown.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional static penetration reaction device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sounding mechanism (1), a reaction force support mechanism (2) and a reaction force anchor (3); the sounding mechanism (1) is placed on a soil body to be detected; the bottom end of the reaction force support mechanism (2) extends into the soil body to be detected; a cavity is formed between the reaction force support mechanism (2) and the soil body; the reaction force support mechanism (2) is rotatably mounted on the outer periphery of the bottom of the sounding mechanism (1) around the axial direction of the sounding mechanism (1); a through hole is provided in the middle of the reaction force support mechanism (2); one end of the reaction force anchor (3) is fixedly mounted on the top of the reaction force support mechanism (2); the other end of the reaction force anchor (3) is inserted into the soil body after passing through the through hole provided in the reaction force support mechanism (2); the reaction force anchor (3) is used to fix the reaction force support mechanism (2) and the soil body; the sounding rod (4) in the sounding mechanism (1) extends into the soil body and is used to measure the penetration resistance of the soil body.

2. A multifunctional static penetration reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sounding mechanism (1) comprises a sounding rod (4), a sounding base (5), a support column (6) and a support beam (7); the sounding base (5) is placed on the soil to be detected, two support columns (6) are vertically mounted on the upper surface of the sounding base (5), two ends of the support beam (7) are respectively mounted on the two support columns (6) so as to be movable up and down, a sounding rod through hole is opened in the middle of the sounding base (5), the top end of the sounding rod (4) is fixedly mounted on the support beam (7), and the other end passes through the sounding rod through hole opened in the sounding base (5) and then extends into the soil to measure the penetration resistance of the soil; The support beam (7) is externally connected to a hydraulic cylinder, which is used to drive the support beam (7) to move up and down, thereby driving the sounding rod (4) to move up and down in the soil. The reaction force support mechanism (2) is movably mounted on the outer periphery of the sounding base (5).

3. The multifunctional static penetration reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction force support mechanism (2) is mainly composed of four reaction force rotating parts, each reaction force rotating part includes a cylindrical sleeve and a rectangular sleeve, the middle parts of the cylindrical sleeve and the rectangular sleeve are provided with through holes, and the cylindrical sleeve and the rectangular sleeve are fixedly connected. Four rotating main shafts are installed on the outer periphery of the probing base (5) in the probing mechanism (1), and each cylindrical sleeve can be axially rotatably sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating main shaft around the rotating main shaft. The bottom end of the rectangular sleeve extends downward beyond the bottom end of the cylindrical sleeve, and a perforated steel plate is horizontally installed in the middle of the rectangular sleeve. The top end of the reaction force anchor (3) is installed on the rectangular sleeve, and the other end is inserted through the through hole provided in the rectangular sleeve and extends into the soil. The reaction force anchor (3) is used to fix the reaction force rotating part. The bottom end of the rectangular sleeve is inserted into the soil, and the perforated steel plate in the middle of the rectangular sleeve does not contact the soil, so that a cavity is formed between the rectangular sleeve and the soil.

4. The multifunctional static penetration reaction device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The reaction support mechanism (2) also includes a detachable hollow I-beam, which is installed on the reaction rotating component by bolts. The hollow I-beam is mainly composed of a steel top plate, a steel bottom plate, a steel web plate component and a steel enclosure plate component. The steel web plate component is a hollow cube structure formed by four identical steel webs connected end to end. The steel top plate and the steel bottom plate are respectively installed on the top and bottom of the steel web. The steel enclosure plate component is a hollow cube structure formed by four identical steel enclosure plates connected end to end. The top of the steel enclosure plate is connected to the steel bottom plate. The top of the reaction anchor (3) is installed on the hollow I-beam, and the other end passes through the hollow hole in the middle of the hollow I-beam and extends into the soil to fix the hollow I-beam. The bottom end of the steel enclosure plate component is inserted into the soil, and the steel bottom plate does not contact the soil, so that a cavity is formed between the steel enclosure plate component, the steel bottom plate and the soil.

5. The multifunctional static penetration reaction device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The reaction force device adjusts the position and angle of the reaction force rotating component, thereby adjusting the position of the sounding rod (4), thereby achieving static sounding of the soil by the sounding rod (4) in different terrain environments.

6. The multifunctional static penetration reaction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reaction force device adjusts the number of hollow I-beams to adjust the number of reaction force anchors (3) extending into the soil, thereby adjusting the maximum reaction force provided by the device.

7. The multifunctional static penetration reaction device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A vacuum pump (8) is installed on the sounding base (5), and the cavity formed between the reaction force support mechanism (2) and the soil is connected to the vacuum pump (8) through a pipeline, so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity with negative pressure after being evacuated by the vacuum pump (8).

8. A multifunctional static penetration test method applied to the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, firstly determine the number and position of the reaction anchors (3) according to the detection depth and position of the soil; Step S2, placing the sounding mechanism (1) on the soil to be detected, inserting the bottom of the reaction force support mechanism (2) into the soil, and forming a cavity between the reaction force support mechanism (2) and the soil, then connecting the sounding mechanism (1) and the reaction force support mechanism (2), and then anchoring the reaction force anchor (3) at a determined position into the soil; Step S3, then the gap between the reaction force anchor (3) and the reaction force support mechanism (2) is sealed, and then the vacuum pump (8) connected to the sounding mechanism (1) is turned on, and the cavity between the reaction force support mechanism (2) and the soil body is evacuated by the vacuum pump (8), so that the cavity forms a vacuum cavity with negative pressure after being evacuated by the vacuum pump (8); Step S4, then install the sounding rod (4) on the support beam (7) of the sounding mechanism (1), then start the support beam (7), so that the sounding rod (4) moves up and down with the support beam (7) to measure the penetration resistance of the soil, and finally obtain the penetration resistance of the soil.

Images