Longitudinal layered bed sand sampling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bed sand sampling, and discloses a longitudinal layered bed sand sampling method which comprises the following steps: 1) a sand sampling rod is connected with the top of a sand sampling cylinder, the inside of the sand sampling cylinder is provided with a sand sampling cavity, and the side part of the sand sampling cylinder is provided with a sand outlet; (2) a sand outlet of the side sealing cover plate is sealed, and the sand taking rod is operated until the whole sand taking barrel is inserted into a riverbed; the bottom sealing cover plate opens the bottom opening until the sand taking cavity is filled with the bed sand, and a bed sand sample body is formed; (3) the sand taking barrel is lifted up through the sand taking rod and rotates in situ; in the process of upwards extracting the sand cylinder, the bottom sealing cover plate seals the bottom opening; (4) the sand taking cylinders are sequentially lifted out of the riverbed and the water body through the sand taking rods; 5) disconnecting the sand taking rod from the sand taking cylinder, swinging the side sealing cover plate, and pouring out the bed sand sample body through a sand outlet; through the steps, not only is the sampling efficiency improved, but also the integrity and accuracy of the sample are ensured, and an efficient and accurate sampling method is provided for bed sand research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention patent relates to the technical field of bed sand sampling, specifically, to a longitudinally layered bed sand sampling method. Background Art

[0002] Bed sand sampling technology is an important part of water conservancy projects and river dynamics research. Traditional bed sand sampling methods include surface sampling and subsurface sampling. Both methods are mostly scattered sampling, with a small number of samples, and the sampling process is likely to cause interference to sediments at different lateral positions on the same section.

[0003] For fields such as river sediment research and hydrogeological surveys, especially when it is necessary to accurately obtain vertical distribution data of riverbed sediment, a new bed sediment sampling method is also needed to provide support.

[0004] Among the existing sampling methods, there is no device that can automatically open and close the sampling chamber, which cannot avoid the loss of sediment during the process of inserting into and lifting out of the riverbed, thereby reducing the sampling accuracy and the sampling efficiency of bed sand, resulting in the risk of sediment sample loss in actual operations, which in turn affects the reliability of the data and the accuracy of scientific research.

[0005] In addition, traditional sampling methods often require multiple people to operate manually or involve large sampling equipment, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive and increases costs, but also significantly increases the difficulty and risk of sampling under high flow rates or deep water conditions. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a longitudinally layered bed sand sampling method, aiming to solve the problem of poor bed sand sampling efficiency in the prior art.

[0007] The present invention is achieved by comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Connect the sand taking rod to the top of the sand taking tube, the sand taking tube is in a cubic shape, and the inside of the sand taking tube has a cubic sand taking cavity, the sand taking cavity runs through the bottom of the sand taking tube to form a bottom opening, and the side of the sand taking tube is formed with a sand outlet;

[0009] The sand outlet cover has a side cover plate that is swingably arranged to close or open the sand outlet; the bottom opening cover of the sand taking tube has a bottom cover plate that is swingably arranged to close or open the bottom opening;

[0010] 2) Close the sand outlet of the side cover plate, operate the sand taking rod, and lower the sand taking tube into the water until the bottom of the sand taking tube abuts against the riverbed, and then apply a longitudinal downward driving force to the sand taking tube through the sand taking rod until the entire sand taking tube is inserted into the riverbed;

[0011] When the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed, the bottom cover plate is pressed upward by the bed sand, and swings upward to open the bottom opening, and the bed sand enters the sand collecting cavity through the bottom opening until the bed sand fills the sand collecting cavity to form a bed sand sample;

[0012] 3) The sand taking tube is lifted up to a set length by the sand taking rod, and the sand taking tube is rotated in situ; in the process of lifting the sand taking tube, the bottom sealing plate is pressed by the bed sand sample body and swings downward to close the bottom opening;

[0013] 4) Sequentially lift the sand collecting tube out of the riverbed and water body through the sand collecting rod;

[0014] 5) The sand taking rod is disconnected from the sand taking tube, the side cover plate is swung, the sand outlet is opened, and the bed sand sample is poured out through the sand outlet.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step 1), the top of the sand collecting tube has a connecting head, and the sand collecting rod is threadedly connected to the connecting head; the bottom of the sand collecting rod is threadedly connected to the connecting head, and the top of the sand collecting rod is connected to a pressure rod, and the pressure rod is arranged vertically to the sand collecting rod; in the step 2), a downward driving force is applied to the sand collecting tube by the pressure rod.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2), after the bottom of the sand collecting tube abuts against the riverbed, the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed to a set depth, and the driving tube is driven up and down, and the bottom sealing plate is synchronously swung up and down to close or open the bottom opening.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step 3), after the sand collecting tube is lifted up to a set length by the sand collecting rod, the sand collecting tube is reciprocated forward and reversely rotated in situ.

[0018] Furthermore, the sand taking tube has an air outlet for discharging air in the sand taking cavity, the sand taking cavity is connected to the outside through the air outlet, the air outlet is located above the sand outlet, and along the circumference of the sand taking tube, the air outlet and the sand outlet are staggered;

[0019] In the step 2), when the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed, the air outlet is opened and the air in the sand collecting chamber is discharged through the air outlet; in the step 4), when the sand collecting tube is lifted, the air outlet is closed.

[0020] Furthermore, the sand collecting tube is connected to a rubber cover plate supported by a colloid material and closing or opening the air outlet, the rubber cover plate is arranged on the outer side wall of the sand collecting tube, one side of the rubber cover plate is fixedly connected to the sand collecting tube, and the other side of the rubber cover plate is freely arranged;

[0021] In the step 2), when the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed, the rubber cover swings away from the sand collecting tube and the air outlet is opened; in the step 4), when the sand collecting tube is lifted, the rubber cover swings toward the sand collecting tube and the air outlet is closed.

[0022] Furthermore, the inner side wall of the sand taking cavity has a facing portion arranged toward the sand outlet, the facing portion is covered with an elastic film layer, the outer periphery of the elastic film layer is fixedly connected to the facing portion, and the elastic film layer is arranged to bulge toward the sand outlet to surround and form a bulging area;

[0023] In the step 2), during the process of inserting the sand collecting tube into the riverbed, the bed sand is squeezed to fill the sand collecting cavity, and the elastic membrane layer is compressed and deformed; in the step 5), after the side covering plate opens the sand outlet, the elastic membrane layer expands toward the sand outlet and recovers the deformation, driving the bed sand sample toward the sand outlet.

[0024] Furthermore, the bottom opening is provided with a restriction ring, which is arranged around the circumference of the bottom opening, one side of the bottom cover plate is hinged to the sand taking tube, the other side of the bottom cover plate is freely arranged, and the other side of the bottom cover plate has a pressing portion;

[0025] In the step 2), during the process of inserting the sand collecting tube into the riverbed, the bottom cover plate swings upward, the pressing portion disengages from the pressing on the limiting ring, and the bottom opening opens; in the step 4), during the process of lifting the sand collecting tube, the bottom cover plate swings downward, the pressing portion presses on the limiting ring from top to bottom, the bottom opening is closed, and the limiting ring limits the bottom cover plate from continuing to swing downward.

[0026] Furthermore, the side cover plate has an inner side wall facing the sand taking cavity, and a plurality of elastically arranged bending pieces are provided on the inner side wall, the lower ends of the bending pieces are fixed on the inner side wall, the upper ends of the bending pieces are bent upward and arranged freely, and there is an elastic interval between the bending pieces and the inner side wall;

[0027] In the step 2), when the sand taking cavity is filled with the bed sand sample, the elastic sheet is elastically deformed under pressure and embedded in the bed sand; when the side cover plate is opened, the elastic sheet elastically returns to its original position, exerting an elastic pulling force on the bed sand sample toward the sand outlet.

[0028] Furthermore, an outer periphery of the lower part of the sand collecting tube is provided with an outer periphery elastic ring and a movable ring that can elastically move up and down, and the outer periphery elastic ring is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube and is located above the bottom opening;

[0029] The movable ring is sleeved on the outer circumference of the outer elastic ring and is fixedly connected to the outer elastic ring. The movable ring is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube. A plurality of pointed convex teeth extend downward from the bottom of the movable ring. The plurality of convex teeth are arranged around the circumference of the movable ring. Adjacent convex teeth are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner along the height direction of the movable ring.

[0030] The inner side of the movable ring has a movable inner wall arranged toward the bottom opening, and along the direction of the movable ring from bottom to top, the movable inner wall is arranged inwardly and inclined, and the movable inner part is located below the bottom opening; the top of the movable inner wall has a top step, and the top step is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube and is located below the sand collecting tube; there is a bottom interval between the top step and the bottom of the sand collecting tube, and the bottom interval is filled with a bottom elastic ring, and the bottom elastic ring abuts against the bottom of the sand collecting tube and the top step respectively;

[0031] In the construction step 2), during the process of the sand taking barrel drilling into the riverbed to take sand, the movable ring is compressed, elastically moves up and down along the height direction of the movable ring, and elastically deflects along the circumference direction of the movable ring.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the longitudinal stratified bed sand sampling method provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] 1) By automatically controlling the bottom and side cover plates of the sand sampling tube, automatic opening and closing are achieved during the insertion and extraction process of the riverbed, effectively avoiding the loss of bed sand, ensuring the integrity and representativeness of the sample, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of bed sand sampling, and solving the problems of low efficiency and easy damage of samples in traditional methods;

[0034] 2) Through the in-situ rotation and lifting operation of the sand sampling tube, the bed sand at different depths of the riverbed can be sampled in layers, providing more accurate data for river dynamics and sedimentology research. This vertical layered sampling technology enhances the understanding of the vertical distribution characteristics of riverbed sediment and improves the scientific value of the sampling method;

[0035] 3) The connection between the sand sampling rod and the sand sampling tube is simple. The operator only needs to use the sand sampling rod to control the insertion, rotation and lifting of the sand sampling tube out of the riverbed, which simplifies the sampling process, reduces the difficulty of operation, and makes the sampling process more convenient and quick. In addition, the sampling steps are suitable for riverbeds of different depths and hardnesses. Whether it is a shallow water area or a deep water area, whether it is a soft bottom or a hard bottom riverbed, it can effectively perform bed sand sampling and has good environmental adaptability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the longitudinal stratified bed sand sampling method provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a front schematic diagram of the exterior of the sand collecting tube provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating bed sand sampling provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating bed sand sampling provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the peripheral elastic ring and the movable ring provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the convex teeth provided by the present invention;

[0042] In the figure: a sand taking barrel 100, a side sealing cover plate 101, a bending piece 102, an air outlet 103, a rubber cover plate 104, an elastic membrane layer 105, a bottom opening 200, a bottom sealing cover plate 201, a limiting ring 202, a pressing portion 203, a bed sand 300, a sand taking rod 301, a connector 302, a pressure rod 303, an outer elastic ring 400, a movable ring 401, convex teeth 402, a movable inner wall 403, a top step 404, and a bottom elastic ring 405. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] The implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0045] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] Reference Figure 1-6 The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method comprises the following steps:

[0048] 1) Connect the sand taking rod 301 to the top of the sand taking tube 100. The sand taking tube 100 is in a cubic shape. The interior of the sand taking tube 100 has a cubic sand taking cavity. The sand taking cavity runs through the bottom of the sand taking tube 100 to form a bottom opening 200. The side of the sand taking tube 100 is formed with a sand outlet;

[0049] The sand outlet is covered with a side cover plate 101 which is arranged to swing and close or open the sand outlet; the bottom opening 200 of the sand taking tube 100 is covered with a bottom cover plate 201 which is arranged to swing up and down and close or open the bottom opening 200;

[0050] 2) Close the sand outlet of the side cover plate 101, operate the sand taking rod 301, and lower the sand taking tube 100 into the water body until the bottom of the sand taking tube 100 abuts against the riverbed, and then apply a longitudinal downward driving force to the sand taking tube 100 through the sand taking rod 301 until the entire sand taking tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed;

[0051] When the sand collecting tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed, the bottom cover plate 201 is pressed from bottom to top by the bed sand 300, and swings upward to open the bottom opening 200, and the bed sand 300 enters the sand collecting cavity through the bottom opening 200, until the bed sand 300 fills the sand collecting cavity, forming a bed sand 300 sample body;

[0052] 3) The sand taking tube 100 is lifted to a set length by the sand taking rod 301, and the sand taking tube 100 is rotated in situ; in the process of lifting the sand taking tube 100, the bottom cover plate 201 is pressed by the bed sand 300 sample body and swings downward to close the bottom opening 200;

[0053] 4) Sequentially lift the sand collecting tube 100 out of the riverbed and water body through the sand collecting rod 301;

[0054] 5) The sand taking rod 301 is disconnected from the sand taking tube 100, and the side cover plate 101 is swung to open the sand outlet, and the bed sand 300 sample is poured out through the sand outlet.

[0055] The longitudinal stratified bed sand sampling method provided above has the following advantages:

[0056] 1) By automatically controlling the bottom and side cover plates 101 of the sand collecting tube 100, automatic opening and closing are achieved during the insertion and extraction process of the riverbed, effectively avoiding the loss of the bed sand 300, ensuring the integrity and representativeness of the sample, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of the bed sand 300 sampling, and solving the problems of low efficiency and easy damage of samples in traditional methods;

[0057] 2) Through the in-situ rotation and lifting operation of the sand sampling tube 100, the bed sand 300 at different depths of the riverbed can be layered sampled, providing more accurate data for river dynamics and sedimentology research. This vertical layered sampling technology enhances the understanding of the vertical distribution characteristics of riverbed sediment and improves the scientific value of the sampling method;

[0058] 3) The connection between the sand sampling rod 301 and the sand sampling tube 100 is simple. The operator can control the insertion, rotation and lifting of the sand sampling tube 100 out of the riverbed only through the sand sampling rod 301, which simplifies the sampling process, reduces the difficulty of operation, and makes the sampling process more convenient and quick. In addition, the sampling steps are applicable to riverbeds of different depths and hardnesses, whether in shallow water areas or deep water areas, whether in soft or hard bottom riverbeds, the bed sand 300 can be effectively sampled, and has good environmental adaptability.

[0059] In this embodiment, in step 1), the top of the sand collecting tube 100 has a connector 302, and the sand collecting rod 301 is threadedly connected to the connector 302, so that the connection between the sand collecting rod 301 and the sand collecting tube 100 is more stable, which is convenient for the operator to perform precise control during the sampling process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of sampling.

[0060] In this embodiment, in step 1), the bottom of the sand collecting rod 301 is threadedly connected to the connecting head 302, and the top of the sand collecting rod 301 is connected to the pressure rod 303, and the pressure rod 303 is arranged vertically to the sand collecting rod 301; in step 2), a downward driving force is applied to the sand collecting tube 100 through the pressure rod 303, and the vertically arranged pressure rod 303 makes the applied driving force more direct and effective, which helps to improve the efficiency of inserting the sand collecting tube 100 into the riverbed.

[0061] In this embodiment, in step 2), after the bottom of the sand collecting tube 100 abuts against the riverbed, the sand collecting tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed to a set depth, and the driving tube is driven up and down, and the bottom sealing plate 201 is synchronously swung up and down to close or open the bottom opening 200. In this way, it is ensured that the bottom opening 200 of the sand collecting tube 100 can respond in time during the sampling process, accurately control the entry and closure of the bed sand 300, and improve the accuracy of sampling.

[0062] In this embodiment, in step 3), after the sand collecting tube 100 is lifted up to a set length by the sand collecting rod 301, the sand collecting tube 100 is rotated back and forth in situ. This reciprocating forward and reverse rotation operation helps to evenly distribute the bed sand 300 in the sand collecting chamber, reduce deviations in the sampling process, and improve the uniformity and accuracy of sampling.

[0063] In this embodiment, the sand collecting tube 100 has an air outlet 103 for discharging air in the sand collecting chamber. The sand collecting chamber is connected to the outside through the air outlet 103. The air outlet 103 is located above the sand outlet. Along the circumference of the sand collecting tube 100, the air outlet 103 and the sand outlet are staggered.

[0064] In step 2), when the sand collecting tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed, the air outlet 103 is opened, and the air in the sand collecting chamber is discharged through the air outlet 103; in step 4), when the sand collecting tube 100 is removed from the riverbed, the air outlet 103 is closed.

[0065] In this way, it is ensured that when the sand sampling tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed, the air in the cavity can be discharged in time, avoiding the change of the sample volume caused by air compression, thereby ensuring the accuracy and representativeness of the sample. At the same time, the air outlet 103 is closed during the lifting process to prevent water and sediment from flowing back, ensuring the smoothness of the sampling process and the reliability of the equipment.

[0066] In this embodiment, a rubber cover plate 104 supported by a colloid material and closing or opening the air outlet 103 is connected to the sand collecting tube 100. The rubber cover plate 104 is arranged on the outer wall of the sand collecting tube 100. One side of the rubber cover plate 104 is fixedly connected to the sand collecting tube 100, and the other side of the rubber cover plate 104 is freely arranged.

[0067] In step 2), when the sand collecting tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed, the rubber cover 104 swings away from the sand collecting tube 100 and the air outlet 103 is opened; in step 4), when the sand collecting tube 100 is extracted, the rubber cover 104 swings toward the sand collecting tube 100 and the air outlet 103 is closed.

[0068] By providing the rubber cover 104, a flexible and reliable method for controlling the air outlet 103 is provided, which helps to accurately control the exhaust and sealing of air at different stages, and further improves the efficiency and accuracy of the bed sand 300 sampling.

[0069] In this embodiment, the inner side wall of the sand taking cavity has a facing portion arranged toward the sand outlet, the facing portion is covered with an elastic film layer 105, the outer periphery of the elastic film layer 105 is fixedly connected to the facing portion, and the elastic film layer 105 is arranged to bulge toward the sand outlet to surround and form a bulging area;

[0070] In step 2), when the sand collecting tube 100 is inserted into the riverbed, the bed sand 300 is squeezed to fill the sand collecting cavity, and the elastic membrane layer 105 is compressed and deformed; in step 5), when the side covering plate 101 opens the sand outlet, the elastic membrane layer 105 expands toward the sand outlet and recovers the deformation, driving the bed sand 300 sample toward the sand outlet.

[0071] In this way, during the sand collection process, the bed sand 300 can fill the sand collection cavity more tightly, reduce gaps, and improve the integrity of the sample. When the sample is discharged, the recovery deformation of the elastic membrane layer 105 helps to promote the smooth discharge of the sample, thereby improving the efficiency and convenience of sampling.

[0072] In this embodiment, the bottom opening 200 is provided with a limiting ring 202, which is arranged around the circumference of the bottom opening 200, one side of the bottom cover plate 201 is hinged to the sand collecting tube 100, and the other side of the bottom cover plate 201 is freely arranged, and the other side of the bottom cover plate 201 has a pressing portion 203;

[0073] In step 2), during the process of inserting the sand barrel 100 into the riverbed, the bottom cover plate 201 swings upward, the pressing portion 203 breaks away from the pressing on the limiting ring 202, and the bottom opening 200 opens; in step 4), during the process of extracting the sand barrel 100, the bottom cover plate 201 swings downward, the pressing portion 203 presses on the limiting ring 202 from top to bottom, the bottom opening 200 is closed, and the limiting ring 202 limits the bottom cover plate 201 from continuing to swing downward.

[0074] By providing the limiting ring 202 and the bottom cover plate 201, the bottom opening 200 can be opened quickly when sampling and reliably closed during the lifting process to prevent the sample from being lost, thereby ensuring the integrity of the sample and the accuracy of sampling.

[0075] In this embodiment, the side cover plate 101 has an inner side wall facing the sand taking cavity, and a plurality of elastically arranged bending pieces 102 are provided on the inner side wall. The lower ends of the bending pieces 102 are fixed on the inner side wall, and the upper ends of the bending pieces 102 are bent upward and arranged freely, and there is an elastic interval between the bending pieces 102 and the inner side wall.

[0076] In step 2), when the sand collection chamber is filled with the bed sand 300 sample, the elastic sheet is elastically deformed under pressure and embedded in the bed sand 300; when the side cover plate 101 is opened, the elastic sheet elastically returns to its original position and applies an elastic pulling force toward the sand outlet to the bed sand 300 sample. In this way, the elastic sheet makes it easier to discharge the sample when the side cover plate 101 is opened, thereby reducing the need for manual operation and improving the efficiency and convenience of sampling.

[0077] In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the lower part of the sand collecting tube 100 is provided with an outer peripheral elastic ring 400 and a movable ring 401 that moves elastically up and down, and the outer peripheral elastic ring 400 is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube 100, and the outer peripheral elastic ring 400 is located above the bottom opening. The movable ring 401 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the outer peripheral elastic ring 400 and is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral elastic ring 400, and the movable ring 401 is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube 100.

[0078] A plurality of pointed protruding teeth 402 extend downward from the bottom of the movable ring 401 . The plurality of protruding teeth 402 are arranged around the circumference of the movable ring 401 . Adjacent protruding teeth 402 are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner along the height direction of the movable ring 401 .

[0079] The inner side of the movable ring 401 has a movable inner wall 403 arranged toward the bottom opening. Along the movable ring 401 from bottom to top, the movable inner wall 403 is arranged to tilt inwards, and the movable inner part is located below the bottom opening.

[0080] The top of the movable inner wall 403 has 404, which is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube 100 and is located below the sand collecting tube 100. There is a bottom gap between the bottom of the sand collecting tube 100 and the bottom of the sand collecting tube 100. The bottom gap is filled with a bottom elastic ring 405, which respectively abuts against the bottom of the sand collecting tube 100 and 404.

[0081] During the sand taking process of the sand taking barrel 100, the plurality of convex teeth 402 can be used to facilitate drilling into the riverbed, and the plurality of convex teeth 402 are arranged in a high-low staggered manner, which is convenient for the drilling of the plurality of convex teeth 402 and avoids being stuck; secondly, during the drilling process of the sand taking barrel 100, after the movable ring 401 is compressed, it can elastically move up and down in the height direction under the action of the bottom elastic ring 405 and the outer elastic ring 400, and can achieve circumferential elastic deviation within a set range, so that the sand taking barrel 100 can drill into the riverbed in an elastic vibration state, thereby improving the drilling efficiency.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A longitudinally layered bed sand sampling method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Connect the sand taking rod to the top of the sand taking tube, the sand taking tube is in a cubic shape, and the inside of the sand taking tube has a cubic sand taking cavity, the sand taking cavity runs through the bottom of the sand taking tube to form a bottom opening, and the side of the sand taking tube is formed with a sand outlet; The sand outlet cover has a side cover plate that is swingably arranged to close or open the sand outlet; the bottom opening cover of the sand taking tube has a bottom cover plate that is swingably arranged to close or open the bottom opening; 2) Close the sand outlet of the side cover plate, operate the sand taking rod, and lower the sand taking tube into the water until the bottom of the sand taking tube abuts against the riverbed, and then apply a longitudinal downward driving force to the sand taking tube through the sand taking rod until the entire sand taking tube is inserted into the riverbed; When the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed, the bottom cover plate is pressed upward by the bed sand, and swings upward to open the bottom opening, and the bed sand enters the sand collecting cavity through the bottom opening until the bed sand fills the sand collecting cavity to form a bed sand sample; 3) The sand taking tube is lifted to a set length by the sand taking rod, and the sand taking tube is rotated in situ; in the process of lifting the sand taking tube, the bottom sealing plate is pressed by the bed sand sample body and swings downward to close the bottom opening; 4) Sequentially lift the sand collecting tube out of the riverbed and water body through the sand collecting rod; 5) The sand taking rod is disconnected from the sand taking tube, the side cover plate is swung, the sand outlet is opened, and the bed sand sample is poured out through the sand outlet.

2. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1), the top of the sand taking tube has a connector, and the sand taking rod is threadedly connected to the connector; the bottom of the sand taking rod is threadedly connected to the connector, and the top of the sand taking rod is connected to a pressure rod, and the pressure rod is arranged vertically to the sand taking rod; in the step 2), a downward driving force is applied to the sand taking tube by the pressure rod.

3. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), after the bottom of the sand collecting tube abuts against the riverbed, the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed to a set depth, and the driving tube is driven up and down, and the bottom sealing plate is synchronously swung up and down to close or open the bottom opening.

4. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step 3), after the sand taking tube is lifted up to a set length by the sand taking rod, the sand taking tube is reciprocated forward and reversely in situ.

5. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The sand taking tube has an air outlet for discharging air in the sand taking cavity, the sand taking cavity is connected to the outside through the air outlet, the air outlet is located above the sand outlet, and along the circumference of the sand taking tube, the air outlet and the sand outlet are staggered; In the step 2), when the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed, the air outlet is opened and the air in the sand collecting chamber is discharged through the air outlet; in the step 4), when the sand collecting tube is lifted, the air outlet is closed.

6. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sand collecting tube is connected with a rubber cover plate supported by a colloid material and closing or opening the air outlet, the rubber cover plate is arranged on the outer side wall of the sand collecting tube, one side of the rubber cover plate is fixedly connected to the sand collecting tube, and the other side of the rubber cover plate is freely arranged; In the step 2), when the sand collecting tube is inserted into the riverbed, the rubber cover swings away from the sand collecting tube and the air outlet is opened; in the step 4), when the sand collecting tube is lifted, the rubber cover swings toward the sand collecting tube and the air outlet is closed.

7. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the sand taking cavity has a facing portion arranged toward the sand outlet, the facing portion is covered with an elastic film layer, the outer periphery of the elastic film layer is fixedly connected to the facing portion, and the elastic film layer is arranged to bulge toward the sand outlet to surround and form a bulging area; In the step 2), during the process of inserting the sand collecting tube into the riverbed, the bed sand is squeezed to fill the sand collecting cavity, and the elastic membrane layer is compressed and deformed; in the step 5), after the side covering plate opens the sand outlet, the elastic membrane layer expands toward the sand outlet and recovers the deformation, driving the bed sand sample toward the sand outlet.

8. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The bottom opening is provided with a restriction ring, which is arranged around the circumference of the bottom opening; one side of the bottom cover plate is hinged to the sand collecting tube, and the other side of the bottom cover plate is freely arranged; the other side of the bottom cover plate has a pressing portion; In the step 2), during the process of inserting the sand collecting tube into the riverbed, the bottom cover plate swings upward, the pressing portion disengages from the pressing on the limiting ring, and the bottom opening opens; in the step 4), during the process of lifting the sand collecting tube, the bottom cover plate swings downward, the pressing portion presses on the limiting ring from top to bottom, the bottom opening is closed, and the limiting ring limits the bottom cover plate from continuing to swing downward.

9. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The side cover plate has an inner side wall facing the sand taking cavity, and a plurality of elastically arranged bending pieces are arranged on the inner side wall, the lower ends of the bending pieces are fixed on the inner side wall, the upper ends of the bending pieces are bent upward and arranged freely, and there is an elastic interval between the bending pieces and the inner side wall; In the step 2), when the sand taking cavity is filled with the bed sand sample, the elastic sheet is elastically deformed under pressure and embedded in the bed sand; when the side cover plate is opened, the elastic sheet elastically returns to its original position, exerting an elastic pulling force on the bed sand sample toward the sand outlet.

10. The longitudinally stratified bed sand sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the lower part of the sand collecting tube is provided with an outer peripheral elastic ring and a movable ring that can move elastically up and down. The outer peripheral elastic ring is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube and is located above the bottom opening. The movable ring is sleeved on the outer circumference of the outer elastic ring and is fixedly connected to the outer elastic ring. The movable ring is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube. A plurality of pointed convex teeth extend downward from the bottom of the movable ring. The plurality of convex teeth are arranged around the circumference of the movable ring. Adjacent convex teeth are arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner along the height direction of the movable ring. The inner side of the movable ring has a movable inner wall arranged toward the bottom opening, and along the direction of the movable ring from bottom to top, the movable inner wall is arranged inwardly and inclined, and the movable inner part is located below the bottom opening; the top of the movable inner wall has a top step, and the top step is arranged around the circumference of the sand collecting tube and is located below the sand collecting tube; there is a bottom interval between the top step and the bottom of the sand collecting tube, and the bottom interval is filled with a bottom elastic ring, and the bottom elastic ring abuts against the bottom of the sand collecting tube and the top step respectively; In the construction step 2), during the process of the sand taking barrel drilling into the riverbed to take sand, the movable ring is compressed, elastically moves up and down along the height direction of the movable ring, and elastically deflects along the circumference direction of the movable ring.

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