Cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device, system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device, system and method.The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device comprises an outer box, an inner box and a side slope model, the side slope model is arranged in the inner box, and the outer box is used for containing the inner box; the rainfall assembly is movably mounted on the inner box and is used for controllably and quantitatively spraying water or mist towards the inner box so as to simulate a rainfall or plum rain state; the vibration assembly is arranged at the bottom of the side slope model, the side slope model is adjustably installed on the vibration assembly, and the vibration assembly is used for enabling the side slope model to generate vibration so as to simulate the vibration state; the device further comprises an electromagnetic force loading assembly, and the electromagnetic force loading assembly is arranged on the outer side of the side slope model and used for applying loads in at least one direction to the side slope model. The device is used for simulating the slope stability of the cold region soil engineering under the multi-factor coupling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster model testing, and in particular to a device, system and method for monitoring soil engineering collapse in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing number of soil engineering projects in cold regions of my country, such as the construction of major projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the West-East Gas Pipeline, the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway, the stability problem of slope engineering in cold regions has gradually become prominent. Under the periodic temperature changes unique to cold regions, the pore and fissure water in the slopes undergo an ice-water phase transition, and the resulting frost heave force causes significant damage and degradation to the rock, which in turn induces a series of freeze-thaw damage phenomena such as microscopic damage, seepage splitting, and frost heave fragmentation. In addition, the abundant rain and wind resources in some parts of the cold regions cause the water on the slope surface to evaporate rapidly, forming an efficient dry-wet cycle environment, which further accelerates the degradation process of rock performance. The combined effect of these environmental factors makes the damage evolution mechanism of slopes in cold regions extremely complex. Factors such as groundwater seepage, rainfall and vibration loads are all key factors that induce the instability and failure of soil engineering slopes. Especially in cold regions where earthquakes occur frequently, earthquake disasters will not only cause a large number of landslides, but also cause serious damage to important facilities such as structures, roads, and lifeline projects, resulting in huge economic losses.

[0003] At present, the commonly used physical test models for studying the instability process of slopes under the action of soil engineering disturbance mainly include seismic shaking table test and blasting shaking table test. The use of such test devices only considers the disturbance simulation in a single direction, and has problems such as single function and incomplete consideration of factors. It is impossible to achieve a comprehensive study on the stability of slopes under the coupling of multiple factors.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes a cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device, system and method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a collapse monitoring device for soil engineering in cold regions, which is used to simulate the stability of slopes of soil engineering in cold regions under the coupling of multiple factors; the second purpose is to propose a system; the third purpose is to propose a method In order to achieve the above object, in the first aspect, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device comprises an outer box, an inner box and a slope model, wherein the slope model is arranged in the inner box, and the outer box is used to accommodate the inner box; A rain component is movably mounted on the inner box and is used to controllably and quantitatively spray water or mist toward the inner box to simulate rainfall or plum rain conditions; A vibration component is arranged at the bottom of the slope model, the slope model is adjustably mounted on the vibration component, and the vibration component is used to make the slope model vibrate to simulate a vibration state; It also includes an electromagnetic force loading component, which is arranged outside the slope model and is used to apply a load in at least one direction to the slope model.

[0006] According to the above technical scheme, the outer box can provide a relatively closed environment for the inner box, which is convenient for simulating the climatic conditions in cold regions. The inner box is used to install the slope model to ensure the accuracy and controllability of the test. In order to simulate rainfall or plum rain conditions, the present invention installs a disturbable rainfall component on the inner box, which can spray water or mist to simulate rainfall conditions of different intensities and frequencies. In order to simulate the vibration state, the present invention arranges a vibration component at the bottom of the slope model, which can generate vibrations to simulate external disturbances such as earthquakes and traffic vibrations. At the same time, an electromagnetic force loading component is introduced to apply a load in at least one direction to the slope model. This design can simulate the influence of external loads on slope stability, and is used to simulate the stability of slopes in cold-region soil engineering under the coupling of multiple factors, providing more comprehensive data support for the test.

[0007] Furthermore, the vibration assembly includes a base, a horizontal slide, a vertical slide and a driving member, the horizontal slide is installed on the base, and the horizontal slide can move left and right along the horizontal direction of the base; The vertical slide is slidably arranged on the horizontal slide, and the vertical slide can move up and down along the vertical direction of the horizontal slide; a mounting plate is arranged on the top of the vertical slide, and the mounting plate is used to be connected with the slope model; The driving member is arranged on the base, and is used for driving the horizontal slide and the vertical slide to disturb.

[0008] The driver is set on the base, and through its precise control, it realizes the driving of the horizontal slide and the vertical slide. Through the design of a driver, it is possible to realize the simulation requirements of multiple vibration modes, such as sine wave, square wave, etc., to adapt to the vibration state simulation under different working conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, the base comprises a bottom plate, a back plate and a support plate symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate, the back plate and the two support plates are fixed to each other, and a plurality of guide holes are provided on the two support plates; The horizontal slide seat comprises a horizontal mounting frame, a plurality of first guide rods and a plurality of second guide rods, wherein the first guide rods and the second guide rods are perpendicular to each other, wherein each of the first guide rods corresponds to each of the guide holes one by one; The vertical slide is provided with a plurality of second guide holes, and the second guide holes correspond to the second guide rods one by one; and a driving hole is provided in the vertical slide; The driving member includes a first motor fixed to the back plate, the output shaft of the first motor passes through the back plate and is coaxially connected to a disc, a driving rod is eccentrically connected to the disc, and the driving rod extends into the driving hole to drive the horizontal slide and the vertical slide to disturb.

[0010] Furthermore, the electromagnetic force loading assembly includes a first electromagnetic coil and a second electromagnetic coil, wherein the first electromagnetic coil is sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner box along a vertical direction, and the second electromagnetic coil is sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner box along a horizontal direction.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the first electromagnetic coil is vertically sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner box. When direct current is passed through, vertical electromagnetic force can be generated, which can simulate the external load on the slope in the vertical direction, such as soil pressure under the action of gravity or vertical load imposed by humans. The second electromagnetic coil is horizontally sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner box. When direct current is passed through, horizontal electromagnetic force can be generated. This helps to simulate the external loads on the slope in the horizontal direction, such as horizontal forces caused by wind, water scouring or earthquakes. By setting the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil, electromagnetic forces can be applied independently or jointly in different directions, so as to more accurately simulate the stability of the slope under complex external loads. At the same time, by adjusting the magnitude of the DC current passed through the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil, the magnitude of the generated electromagnetic force can be conveniently adjusted, thereby achieving precise control of the external load on the slope model. The direction of the electromagnetic force can also be changed by adjusting the direction of the current to adapt to the simulation requirements under different working conditions. After powdered magnetic materials are added to the slope model, these materials will be affected by electromagnetic forces in the electromagnetic force field. This design not only enhances the responsiveness of the slope model to electromagnetic forces, but also enables the electromagnetic force loading component to more effectively simulate the effects of external loads on the slope.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of coils of the first electromagnetic coil gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the rainfall assembly includes an annular placement plate fixed on the top of the inner box, a sprinkler head slidably arranged on the annular placement plate, and a driving unit, wherein the driving unit is used to drive the sprinkler head to slide on the annular placement plate; the driving unit includes a second motor, a tensioning belt and a plurality of tensioning wheels, wherein the tensioning wheel is rotatably connected to the annular placement plate, and the tensioning belt can be driven to move when the tensioning wheel rotates, and the output shaft of the second motor is coaxially connected to the tensioning wheel described above.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the rainfall component adopts an annular placement plate fixed on the top of the inner box. This design not only provides a stable support platform for the sprinkler head, but also ensures that the sprinkler head can simulate rainfall uniformly over the entire slope model. In order to solve the problem of precise disturbance of the sprinkler head on the annular placement plate, the design adopts a sliding setting method and realizes the free movement of the sprinkler head through a driving unit. The tensioning wheel is connected to the annular placement plate by rotation, forming a closed-loop moving path. The tensioning belt disturbs on this closed-loop path and drives the sprinkler head to disturb accordingly. Specifically, the output shaft of the second motor is coaxially connected to one of its tensioning wheels. When the second motor is started, it drives the tensioning wheel to rotate. Since the tensioning belt is tight, when the tensioning wheel rotates, it drives the tensioning belt to disturb along the tensioning wheel path on the annular placement plate. In this way, the sprinkler head is fixed on the tensioning belt and moves with the tensioning belt. Through this design, the moving path and speed of the sprinkler head can be accurately controlled, thereby achieving accurate control of the rainfall amount and rainfall area. This not only improves the simulation accuracy of the test, but also provides a powerful tool for studying the impact of rainfall on slope stability.

[0015] Further, the slope model comprises a step plate, an angle adjustment seat and baffles symmetrically fixedly arranged on both sides of the step plate, and the angle adjustment seat is arranged at the bottom of the step plate; The angle adjustment seat includes a mounting strip, a clamping seat symmetrically fixed on the mounting strip, and a mounting plate symmetrically fixed at the bottom of the step plate. The clamping seat is hinged to the mounting plate. An arc groove is provided on the mounting plate. A fastening screw is provided in the arc groove. The fastening screw is used to fix the mounting plate and the mounting strip.

[0016] According to the above technical scheme, an angle adjustment seat is designed, which includes a mounting bar, a holder symmetrically fixed on the mounting bar, and a mounting plate symmetrically fixed at the bottom of the step plate. The holder and the mounting plate are connected by a hinge, so that the step plate can be adjusted in angle within a certain range. This design not only makes the angle adjustment of the slope model more flexible, but also ensures the stability of the model during the adjustment process. Specifically, an arc groove is provided on the mounting plate, and a fastening screw is provided in the arc groove. When the slope angle needs to be adjusted, just loosen the fastening screw, then rotate the step plate to the required angle, and finally fix the mounting plate and the mounting bar with the fastening screw. In this way, the angle of the slope model can be flexibly adjusted according to the test requirements, and it is firmly fixed and not easy to shake. Through this design, not only the problem of flexible adjustment of the slope angle is solved, but also the stability and bearing capacity of the slope model during the test are ensured. This provides strong technical support for improving the simulation accuracy and reliability of the test, and also provides a more accurate scientific basis for the design and construction of related projects.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of vibrators are arranged on one of the baffles, and the vibrators are evenly distributed along the length direction of the baffle; A plurality of heaters are arranged on the other baffle plate, and the heaters are evenly distributed along the length direction of the baffle plate.

[0018] According to the above technical solution, a number of vibrators are set on a baffle, and these vibrators are evenly distributed along the length of the baffle. Such a design can ensure that the slope model can evenly and truly reflect the impact of vibration on the stability of the slope when it is subjected to vibration. The setting of the vibrator not only helps to simulate the slope vibration caused by natural and human factors such as earthquakes and mechanical vibrations, but also provides researchers with valuable data on the impact of parameters such as vibration frequency and amplitude on slope stability. Secondly, in order to simulate the impact of temperature changes in cold areas on slope stability, the design team set up several heaters on another baffle, and these heaters are also evenly distributed along the length of the baffle. The setting of the heater can simulate the actual situation of large day and night temperature difference and seasonal temperature changes in cold areas, so as to study the impact of temperature changes on the internal stress distribution, material properties and overall stability of the slope. By precisely controlling the temperature and heating time of the heater, researchers can deeply study the specific impact mechanism of temperature changes on slope stability.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cold region soil engineering collapse test system, comprising the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device as described above; Data processors; A data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit comprising a stress sensor, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor and a data collector, the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are all electrically connected to the data collector, and the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are all used to be arranged in the slope model; a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit comprising a camera and a speckle image monitor, the camera and the speckle image monitor being electrically connected to the data processor respectively, and the data processor being used to process image information transmitted by the camera and the speckle image monitor; A low temperature output hose and a liquid nitrogen tank, one end of the low temperature output hose is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank, and the other end of the low temperature output hose passes into the inner box.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a cold region soil engineering collapse test method, which is applied to the cold region soil engineering collapse test system as described above, and comprises the following steps: Construction and preparation of test equipment; construction of cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring equipment according to design drawings; Slope model preparation and installation: According to the test requirements, the slope model is prepared, and stress sensors, strain sensors and displacement sensors are arranged inside the model. The slope model is installed on the vibration assembly and adjusted to the required angle; Test parameter setting and start-up: set test parameters through the data processor, start the vibration component to make the slope model vibrate, start the electromagnetic force loading component to apply load to the slope model, start the camera and speckle image monitor, and record the test process; Data collection and analysis: During the test, the data collector will collect data from sensors such as stress, strain, and displacement in real time and transmit it to the data processor. At the same time, the data processor will process the image information transmitted by the camera and speckle image monitor to generate deformation and displacement images of the slope model, collect all data and information for analysis and processing. Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The outer box is set inside the inner box, which provides a closed environment for the inner box, which is convenient for simulating the climate conditions in cold areas. A slope model is installed inside the inner box to simulate the slope collapse test. To simulate rainfall, a controllable rainfall component is installed on the inner box, which can spray water or mist in a quantitative manner; a vibration component is set at the bottom of the slope model, which can generate multi-directional vibrations to simulate external disturbances such as earthquakes and traffic vibrations; at the same time, an electromagnetic force loading component is introduced to apply multi-directional loads to the slope model to simulate the influence of external loads on slope stability, providing comprehensive data support for the slope stability test of soil engineering in cold areas.

[0021] 2. The vibration component is cleverly designed. The horizontal slide is installed on the base and can move in the horizontal direction to simulate the horizontal displacement that the slope may encounter. The vertical slide is set on the horizontal slide and can move up and down in the vertical direction, so that the slope model can simulate the vertical vibration. The synchronous disturbance simulation of the slope in the horizontal and vertical directions is realized through a drive, which improves the test authenticity and the comprehensive evaluation ability of the slope vibration response.

[0022] 3. Powdered magnetic materials are added to the sand of the slope model, which is acted upon by electromagnetic forces in the electromagnetic force field; vertical and horizontal electromagnetic coils are set up, and when direct current is passed through, vertical and horizontal electromagnetic forces can be generated respectively to simulate the stability of the slope under complex external loads. By adjusting the current, the electromagnetic force can be adjusted to achieve precise control of the external load on the slope model. By designing the number of coils of the first electromagnetic coil to gradually change from top to bottom, the force differences at different parts of the slope during the sliding and collapse process can be simulated, which is helpful for in-depth analysis of the deformation and damage of the local slope, and more realistically reflects the response of the slope under the action of its own weight and external loads, which helps to optimize the engineering structure, improve the stability of the slope, and reduce the occurrence of geological disasters. It has important engineering application value and practical significance.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device after removing the outer box of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partially disassembled structure of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration assembly of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the vibration assembly of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slope model in one direction in the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slope model in another direction of the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device of the present invention; Fig.10 The present invention is a device for monitoring the collapse of soil engineering in cold regions. Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure.

[0025] Among them, the outer box 1, the inner box 2, the first inner box plate 211, the second inner box plate 212, the slope model 3, the step plate 31, the angle adjustment seat 32, the mounting strip 321, the holder 322, the mounting plate 323, the arc groove 324, the baffle 33, the vibrator 34, the heater 35, the rainfall component 4, the annular placement plate 41, the sprinkler head 42, the drive unit 43, the second motor 431, the tension belt 432, the tension wheel 433, the vibration component 5, Base 51, bottom plate 511, back plate 512, support plate 513, horizontal slide 52, horizontal mounting frame 521, first guide rod 522, second guide rod 523, vertical slide 53, drive hole 531, drive member 54, first motor 541, disc 542, drive rod 543, first spring 544, second spring 545, mounting plate 546, electromagnetic force loading assembly 6, first electromagnetic coil 61, second electromagnetic coil 62. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0028] On the one hand, this embodiment provides a cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device, such as Figures 1 to 10 As shown, it includes an outer box 1, an inner box 2 and a slope model 3, the slope model 3 is arranged in the inner box 2, and the outer box 1 is used to accommodate the inner box 2; a rainfall component 4 is movably installed on the inner box 2, and is used to spray water or mist toward the inner box 2 to simulate rainfall or plum rain conditions; a vibration component 5 is arranged at the bottom of the slope model 3, and the slope model 3 is adjustably installed on the vibration component 5, and the vibration component 5 is used to make the slope model 3 vibrate to simulate a vibration state; it also includes an electromagnetic force loading component 6, and the electromagnetic force loading component 6 is arranged on the outside of the slope model 3, and is used to apply a load in at least one direction to the slope model 3.

[0029] According to the above technical scheme, when the outer box 1 is arranged outside the inner box 2, the outer box 1 can provide a relatively closed environment for the inner box 2, which is convenient for simulating the climatic conditions in cold areas. The interior of the inner box 2 is used to install the slope model 3 for simulating the slope collapse test. In order to simulate rainfall or plum rain conditions, the present invention installs a rainfall component 4 on the inner box 2, and the rainfall component 4 can spray water or spray to simulate rainfall conditions of different intensities and frequencies. In order to simulate the vibration state, the present invention arranges a vibration component 5 at the bottom of the slope model 3, and the vibration component 5 can generate movement in multiple directions to simulate external disturbances such as earthquakes and traffic vibrations. At the same time, an electromagnetic force loading component 6 is introduced to apply a load in at least one direction to the slope model 3. This design can simulate the influence of external loads on slope stability, and is used to simulate the stability of slopes in cold-region soil engineering under the coupling of multiple factors, and provide more comprehensive data support for slope collapse tests.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the vibration assembly 5 includes a base 51, a horizontal slide 52, a vertical slide 53 and a driving member 54. The horizontal slide 52 is installed on the base 51, and the horizontal slide 52 can move left and right along the horizontal direction of the base 51; the vertical slide 53 is slidably set on the horizontal slide 52, and the vertical slide 53 can move up and down along the vertical direction of the horizontal slide 52; a mounting plate 546 is set on the top of the vertical slide 53, and the mounting plate 546 is used to connect with the slope model 3; the driving member 54 is set on the base 51, and the driving member 54 is used to drive the horizontal slide 52 and the vertical slide 53 to move.

[0031] According to the above technical solution, the horizontal slide 52 is cleverly installed on the base 51, such as Figure 6 As shown, the design allows it to move left and right along the horizontal direction of the base 51, which can simulate the horizontal displacement that the slope may encounter in the actual environment, such as the propagation of lateral seismic waves or the influence of lateral traffic vibration. At the same time, the vertical slide 53 is set on the horizontal slide 52 and can move up and down along the vertical direction of the horizontal slide 52, so that the slope model 3 can simulate vertical vibrations, such as disturbances caused by terrain changes or ground subsidence. This embodiment can perform synchronous disturbances on the slope in the horizontal and vertical directions, and is not limited to the disturbance simulation in a single direction, which increases the authenticity of the test and improves the comprehensive evaluation capability of the vibration response of the slope model 3.

[0032] The driving member 54 is disposed on the base 51 , and the driving of the horizontal slide 52 and the vertical slide 53 is achieved by controlling the driving member 54 .

[0033] Furthermore, if Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the base 51 includes a bottom plate 511, a back plate 512 and support plates 513 symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate 511, the back plate 512 and the two support plates 513 are fixed to each other, and a plurality of guide holes are opened on the two support plates 513; The horizontal slide 52 includes a horizontal mounting frame 521, a plurality of first guide rods 522 and a plurality of second guide rods 523, wherein the first guide rods 522 and the second guide rods 523 are perpendicular to each other, wherein each first guide rod 522 corresponds to each guide hole one by one; A plurality of second guide holes are formed on the vertical slide 53, and the second guide holes correspond to the second guide rods 523 one by one. A driving hole 531 is formed in the vertical slide 53. like Figure 7 As shown, the driving member 54 includes a first motor 541 fixedly connected to the back plate 512, the output shaft of the first motor 541 penetrates the back plate 512 and is coaxially connected to a disk 542, and a driving rod 543 is eccentrically connected to the disk 542, and the driving rod 543 extends into the driving hole 531 to drive the horizontal slide 52 and the vertical slide 53 to move, wherein the diameter of the driving rod 543 is smaller than the inner diameter of the driving hole 531, and the outer wall of the driving rod 543 is always in contact with the inner wall of the driving hole 531. The back plate 512 and the support plate 513 are fixed to each other to form a stable support frame, and a plurality of guide holes opened on the support plate 513 provide a guiding function for the movement of the horizontal slide 52. Then, the design of the horizontal slide 52 is also innovated, including a horizontal mounting frame 521, a plurality of first guide rods 522 and a plurality of second guide rods 523. The first guide rods 522 correspond to the guide holes on the base 51 one by one, ensuring the stable sliding of the horizontal slide 52 on the base 51. At the same time, the second guide rod 523 is perpendicular to the first guide rod 522, providing reliable support and guidance for the installation and movement of the vertical slide 53. When the first motor 541 is started, the disc 542 and the driving rod 543 rotate accordingly. Since the driving rod 543 is eccentrically connected, a periodic driving force is generated, thereby driving the horizontal slide 52 and the vertical slide 53 to move in their respective directions, simulating a complex disturbance environment.

[0034] A first spring 544 is provided between the support plate 513 and the horizontal mounting frame 521, and a second spring 545 is provided between the horizontal mounting frame 521 and the vertical slide seat 53. The purpose of providing the first spring 544 and the second spring 545 is to improve the disturbance effect of the device; As a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic force loading assembly 6 includes a first electromagnetic coil 61 and a second electromagnetic coil 62. The first electromagnetic coil 61 is sleeved on the inner box 2 in the vertical direction. Specifically, the inner box 2 includes a first inner box plate 211 and a second inner box plate 212. The first electromagnetic coil 61 is arranged between the first inner box plate 211 and the second inner box plate 212. Figure 3As shown, the second electromagnetic coil 62 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner box 2 in the horizontal direction, wherein the inner box 2 and the outer box 1 are made of metal iron. The sand on the slope model 3 is mixed with powdered magnetic materials, which are affected by electromagnetic forces in the electromagnetic field. When a direct current is passed, the first electromagnetic coil 61 can generate an electromagnetic force in the vertical direction, which can simulate the external load on the slope in the vertical direction, such as simulating the soil pressure under the action of gravity or the vertical load imposed by humans. The second electromagnetic coil 62 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner box 2 in the horizontal direction, and can also generate an electromagnetic force in the horizontal direction when a direct current is passed. This helps to simulate the external load on the slope in the horizontal direction, such as horizontal forces caused by wind, water scouring or earthquakes. By setting the first electromagnetic coil 61 and the second electromagnetic coil The coil 62 can independently or jointly apply electromagnetic force in different directions, so as to more accurately simulate the stability of the slope under the action of complex external loads. At the same time, by adjusting the magnitude of the DC current passed through the first electromagnetic coil 61 and the second electromagnetic coil 62, the magnitude of the generated electromagnetic force can be conveniently adjusted, so as to achieve precise control of the external load on the slope model 3. It is also possible to replace DC with AC, or change the direction of the electromagnetic force by adjusting the direction of the current to adapt to the simulation requirements under different working conditions. This design not only enhances the responsiveness of the slope model 3 to the electromagnetic force, but also enables the electromagnetic force loading component 6 to more effectively simulate the effect of the external load on the slope.

[0035] Furthermore, if Figure 5 As shown, the number of coils of the first electromagnetic coil 61 gradually decreases from top to bottom. According to the above technical solution, in the process of slope sliding and collapse, the external loads and internal stress distributions on different parts of the slope body (such as the foot of the slope, the middle of the slope, etc.) are different. By gradually reducing the number of coils from top to bottom, the force differences of different parts of the slope body under the action of its own weight and external loads can be simulated, which helps to more accurately analyze the deformation and damage of the local slope body. Of course, the number of coils of the first electromagnetic coil 61 can also be gradually increased from top to bottom. For example, under the condition of its own weight, the self-weight of the upper part of the high and steep slope body will produce a large pressure on the lower part of the slope body. By gradually increasing the number of coils from top to bottom, the influence of this self-weight on the lower part of the slope body can be simulated, which helps to more realistically reflect the deformation and damage process of the slope body under the action of its own weight, and provide a more accurate scientific basis for the design and construction of related projects.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the rainfall assembly 4 includes an annular placement plate 41 fixed on the top of the inner box 2, a spray head 42 slidably arranged on the annular placement plate 41, and a driving unit 43. The spray head 42 can be connected to a water pipe to simulate precipitation / raining conditions. The spray head 42 can also be connected to a liquid nitrogen tank through a low-temperature output hose, creating a low-temperature environment around the slope model 3 to simulate the climate conditions in cold areas. The driving unit 43 is used to drive the spray head 42 to slide on the annular placement plate 41; the driving unit 43 includes a second motor 431, a tension belt 432 and a plurality of tension wheels 433. The tension wheel 433 is rotatably connected to the annular placement plate 41. When the tension wheel 433 rotates, it can drive the tension belt 432 to move. The output shaft of the second motor 431 is coaxially connected to one of the tension wheels 433. When the second motor 431 is started, it drives the tension wheel 433 to rotate. Since the tension belt 432 is tight, it drives the tension belt 432 to move when the tension wheel 433 rotates. In this way, the sprinkler head 42 is fixed on the tension belt 432, and moves with the tension belt 432. The second motor 431 is a forward and reverse motor, and the movement path and speed of the sprinkler head 42 can be controlled by controlling the second motor 431, so as to control the rainfall amount and rainfall area of ​​the slope, and evenly distribute the spray, which not only improves the simulation accuracy, but also provides a powerful tool for studying the influence of rainfall on the stability of the slope.

[0037] Furthermore, if Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the slope model 3 includes a step plate 31, an angle adjustment seat 32 and baffles 33 symmetrically fixed on both sides of the step plate 31, and the angle adjustment seat 32 is arranged at the bottom of the step plate 31; the angle adjustment seat 32 includes a mounting strip 321, a clamping seat 322 symmetrically fixed on the mounting strip 321 and a mounting sheet 323 symmetrically fixed at the bottom of the step plate 31, the clamping seat 322 is hinged with the mounting sheet 323, an arc groove 324 is provided on the mounting sheet 323, and a fastening screw is provided in the arc groove 324, and the fastening screw is used to fix the mounting sheet 323 and the mounting strip 321. According to the above technical solution, the clamping seat 322 and the mounting sheet 323 are connected by a hinged manner, so that the step plate 31 can be adjusted in an angle within a certain range, which not only makes the angle adjustment of the slope model 3 more flexible, but also ensures the stability of the model during the adjustment process. Specifically, an arc groove 324 is provided on the mounting sheet 323, and a fastening screw is provided in the arc groove 324. When the slope angle needs to be adjusted, just loosen the fastening screws, rotate the step plate 31 to the desired angle, and finally fix the mounting plate 323 and the mounting strip 321 with the fastening screws. In this way, the angle of the slope model 3 can be flexibly adjusted according to the test requirements and fixed firmly. It not only solves the problem of flexible adjustment of the slope angle, but also ensures the stability and bearing capacity of the slope model 3 during the test, providing strong technical support for improving the simulation accuracy and reliability of the test, and also provides a more accurate scientific basis for the design and construction of related projects.

[0038] Further, one of the baffles 33 is provided with a plurality of vibrators 34, and each vibrator 34 is evenly arranged along the length direction of the baffle 33; and another baffle 33 is provided with a plurality of heaters 35, and each heater 35 is evenly arranged along the length direction of the baffle 33. According to the above technical scheme, a plurality of vibrators 34 are provided on one baffle 33, and the vibrators 34 can be combined with the vibration assembly 5 to further enhance the vibration effect, and can quickly reflect the influence of vibration on the stability of the slope. The setting of the vibrator 34 not only helps to simulate the slope vibration caused by natural and human factors such as earthquakes and mechanical vibrations, but also can provide researchers with valuable data on the influence of parameters such as vibration frequency and amplitude on the stability of the slope. Secondly, in order to simulate the influence of temperature changes in cold regions on the stability of the slope, the design team set a plurality of heaters 35 on another baffle 33, and these heaters 35 are also evenly distributed along the length direction of the baffle 33. The setting of the heaters 35 can simulate the actual conditions such as large temperature difference between day and night and seasonal temperature changes in cold regions, so as to study the influence of temperature changes on the internal stress distribution, material properties and overall stability of the slope. By precisely controlling the temperature and heating time of the heater 35, researchers can conduct in-depth research on the specific impact mechanism of temperature changes on slope stability.

[0039] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cold region soil engineering collapse test system, comprising the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device as described above; Data processors; A data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit includes a stress sensor, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device, the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are all electrically connected to the data acquisition device, and the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are all used to be arranged in the slope model 3; A monitoring unit, the monitoring unit includes a camera and a speckle image monitor, the camera and the speckle image monitor are electrically connected to a data processor respectively, and the data processor is used to process image information transmitted by the camera and the speckle image monitor; A low-temperature output hose and a liquid nitrogen tank, one end of the low-temperature output hose is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank, and the other end of the low-temperature output hose passes into the inner box 2 and is connected to the spray head 42.

[0040] Stress sensors, strain sensors and displacement sensors are arranged inside the slope model 3. These sensors can monitor the stress, strain and displacement changes of the soil in real time when affected by various factors (such as temperature, pressure, etc.). All these sensors are electrically connected to the data acquisition device to ensure that the data they collect can be recorded and transmitted in time. The camera and speckle image monitor are installed at a suitable position to capture the changes of the slope model 3 during the experiment. The camera and speckle image monitor are electrically connected to the data processor to transmit real-time image information to the data processor for analysis. The speckle image monitor can be used to capture detailed information on the micro deformation and displacement of the soil. When simulating the low-temperature environment, one end of the low-temperature output hose is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank, and the other end is connected to the spray head 42 in the inner box 2. By supplying liquid nitrogen to the spray head 42, a low-temperature environment can be created around the slope model 3 to simulate the climatic conditions in cold areas, which is helpful to study the influence of low temperature on the mechanical properties of soil and the collapse behavior of soil under low temperature conditions. Based on the collected data and information, researchers can analyze the collapse behavior of slope model 3 and understand the mechanical properties and collapse mechanism of soil under cold region soil conditions, which can provide valuable reference for the design and construction of soil engineering in cold regions.

[0041] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for testing the collapse of soil engineering in cold regions. Equipment construction and preparation; build the cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to the design drawings; Outer box 1 and inner box 2: The outer box 1 can be placed outside the inner box 2 to form a closed environment that can be used to simulate the environment in cold areas, including temperature, humidity and other conditions. The inner box 2 is used to place the slope model 3 and ensure that the slope model 3 is not disturbed by the outside world during the experiment.

[0042] Rainfall Component 4: Rainfall Component 4 is used to simulate the rainfall process. Its design and installation ensure that the rainfall intensity, rainfall time and rainfall pattern can be accurately controlled to ensure the uniformity of spraying / rainfall.

[0043] Vibration component 5: The vibration component 5 is used to simulate the impact of earthquakes or other vibration sources on the slope. The vibration frequency, amplitude and other parameters of the vibration component 5 are adjustable to simulate vibrations of different intensities.

[0044] Electromagnetic force loading component 6: The electromagnetic force loading component 6 is used to apply load to the slope model 3 to simulate the actual force conditions in the project.

[0045] Preparation and installation of slope model 3: According to the test requirements, the slope model 3 is prepared, and stress sensors, strain sensors and displacement sensors are arranged inside the model. The slope model 3 is installed on the vibration component 5 and adjusted to the required angle; Setting and starting test parameters: setting test parameters through a data processor, starting the vibration component 5 to vibrate the slope model 3, starting the electromagnetic force loading component 6 to apply a load to the slope model 3, starting the camera and the speckle image monitor, and recording the test process; Data collection and analysis, during the test, the data collector will collect data from sensors such as stress, strain, and displacement in real time, and transmit it to the data processor. At the same time, the data processor will process the image information transmitted by the camera and the speckle image monitor to generate deformation and displacement images of the slope model 3, collect all data and information for analysis and processing, in order to understand the collapse behavior of the slope model 3 and its influencing factors.

[0046] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device, characterized in that: include: An outer box (1), an inner box (2) and a slope model (3), wherein the slope model (3) is arranged in the inner box (2), and the outer box (1) is used to accommodate the inner box (2); A rain component (4) is movably mounted on the inner box (2) and is used to spray water or mist toward the inner box (2) to simulate rainfall or plum rain conditions; A vibration component (5) is arranged at the bottom of the slope model (3), the slope model (3) is adjustably mounted on the vibration component (5), and the vibration component (5) is used to make the slope model (3) vibrate to simulate a vibration state; It also comprises an electromagnetic force loading component (6), wherein the electromagnetic force loading component (6) is arranged outside the slope model (3) and is used to apply a load in at least one direction to the slope model (3).

2. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vibration assembly (5) comprises a base (51), a horizontal slide (52), a vertical slide (53) and a driving member (54); the horizontal slide (52) is mounted on the base (51); and the horizontal slide (52) can move left and right along the horizontal direction of the base (51); The vertical slide (53) is slidably arranged on the horizontal slide (52), and the vertical slide (53) can move up and down along the vertical direction of the horizontal slide (52); a mounting plate (546) is arranged on the top of the vertical slide (53), and the mounting plate (546) is used to connect with the slope model (3); The driving member (54) is arranged on the base (51), and the driving member (54) is used to drive the horizontal slide (52) and the vertical slide (53) to move.

3. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 2 is characterized by: The base (51) comprises a bottom plate (511), a back plate (512), and a support plate (513) symmetrically fixed on the bottom plate (511); the back plate (512) and the two support plates (513) are fixed to each other, and a plurality of guide holes are formed on the two support plates (513); The horizontal slide seat (52) comprises a horizontal installation frame (521), a plurality of first guide rods (522) and a plurality of second guide rods (523), wherein the first guide rods (522) and the second guide rods (523) are perpendicular to each other, wherein each of the first guide rods (522) corresponds to each of the guide holes one by one; The vertical slide seat (53) is provided with a plurality of second guide holes, and the second guide holes correspond to the second guide rods (523) one by one; a driving hole (531) is provided in the vertical slide seat (53); The driving member (54) comprises a first motor (541) fixed on the back plate (512); an output shaft of the first motor (541) passes through the back plate (512) and is coaxially connected to a disk (542); a driving rod (543) is eccentrically connected to the disk (542); the driving rod (543) extends into the driving hole (531) to drive the horizontal slide (52) and the vertical slide (53) to move.

4. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The electromagnetic force loading component (6) comprises a first electromagnetic coil (61) and a second electromagnetic coil (62); the first electromagnetic coil (61) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner box (2) in a vertical direction, and the second electromagnetic coil (62) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner box (2) in a horizontal direction.

5. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The number of coils of the first electromagnetic coil (61) gradually decreases or increases from top to bottom.

6. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rainfall assembly (4) comprises an annular placement plate (41) fixed on the top of the inner box (2), a spray head (42) slidably arranged on the annular placement plate (41), and a driving unit (43), wherein the driving unit (43) is used to drive the spray head (42) to slide on the annular placement plate (41); the driving unit (43) comprises a second motor (431), a tensioning belt (432), and a plurality of tensioning wheels (433), wherein the tensioning wheel (433) is rotatably connected to the annular placement plate (41), and when the tensioning wheel (433) rotates, it can drive the tensioning belt (432) to move, and the output shaft of the second motor (431) is coaxially connected to the tensioning wheel (433) described above.

7. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The slope model (3) comprises a step plate (31), an angle adjustment seat (32), and baffles (33) symmetrically fixedly arranged on both sides of the step plate (31), wherein the angle adjustment seat (32) is arranged at the bottom of the step plate (31); The angle adjustment seat (32) comprises a mounting strip (321), a clamping seat (322) symmetrically fixed on the mounting strip (321), and a mounting sheet (323) symmetrically fixedly arranged at the bottom of the step plate (31), the clamping seat (322) being hinged to the mounting sheet (323), the mounting sheet (323) being provided with an arc groove (324), a fastening screw being arranged in the arc groove (324), and the fastening screw being used to fix the mounting sheet (323) and the mounting strip (321).

8. The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device according to claim 7 is characterized by: A plurality of vibrators (34) are arranged on one of the baffles (33), and the vibrators (34) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the baffle (33); A plurality of heaters (35) are arranged on the other baffle (33), and the heaters (35) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the baffle (33).

9. A cold region soil engineering collapse test system, characterized in that: include: The cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; Data processors; a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit comprising a stress sensor, a strain sensor, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device, the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are all electrically connected to the data acquisition device, and the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the displacement sensor are all used to be arranged in the slope model (3); a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit comprising a camera and a speckle image monitor, the camera and the speckle image monitor being electrically connected to the data processor respectively, and the data processor being used to process image information transmitted by the camera and the speckle image monitor; A cryogenic output hose and a liquid nitrogen tank, wherein one end of the cryogenic output hose is connected to the liquid nitrogen tank, and the other end of the cryogenic output hose passes into the inner box (2).

10. A cold region soil engineering collapse test method, applied to the cold region soil engineering collapse test system as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: Includes steps: Construction and preparation of test equipment; construction of cold region soil engineering collapse monitoring equipment according to design drawings; Preparation and installation of the slope model (3): According to the test requirements, the slope model (3) is prepared, and a stress sensor, a strain sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged inside the model, and the slope model (3) is installed on the vibration component (5) and adjusted to a desired angle; Setting and starting test parameters: setting test parameters through a data processor, starting a vibration component (5) to vibrate the slope model (3), starting an electromagnetic force loading component (6) to apply a load to the slope model (3), starting a camera and a speckle image monitor, and recording the test process; Data collection and analysis. During the test, the data collector will collect data from sensors such as stress, strain, and displacement in real time and transmit it to the data processor. At the same time, the data processor will process the image information transmitted by the camera and speckle image monitor to generate deformation and displacement images of the slope model (3) and collect all data and information for analysis and processing.

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