Engineering rock mass blasting damage imaging integrated monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses an engineering rock mass blasting damage imaging integrated monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass fracture damage detection. According to the method, the anisotropy of the heterogeneous material of the rock mass can be considered, the blasting vibration signals during blasting excavation of the engineering rock mass are fully utilized, the difference between the blasting stress waves received by different seismic detectors is collected and compared, three-dimensional imaging processing is carried out on the blasting stress waves, and the weak plane distribution in the rock mass is detected. Accessory equipment does not need to be additionally arranged, equipment transformation is not needed, the implementation cost is low, and reliability is high. According to the method, a technical basis is provided for studying the corresponding relation between rock mass fracture damage and blasting stress waves, and a technical basis can be provided for studying analysis of catastrophe precursor characteristics caused by engineering rock mass excavation disturbance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass fracture damage detection, and in particular relates to an integrated monitoring method for engineering rock mass blasting damage imaging. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of engineering construction, the safety and stability of rock mass have received increasing attention. Rock mass fracture damage not only affects the safety of the project, but may also lead to serious geological disasters. Therefore, how to effectively monitor and evaluate the distribution of weak planes in the rock mass and its damage degree has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in the field of geotechnical engineering.

[0003] Traditional rock mass monitoring technologies mainly include geological surveys, drilling sampling, ultrasonic imaging, microseismic monitoring and other methods. Although these technologies can provide information on the mechanical properties and internal structure of the rock mass to a certain extent, they often have the following shortcomings: High cost: Many traditional monitoring methods require expensive equipment and technical support, resulting in high monitoring costs. Complex implementation: Some methods require complex equipment installation and maintenance, which increases the difficulty of engineering construction. Poor timeliness: Traditional monitoring methods have delays in data acquisition and it is difficult to reflect the dynamic changes of the rock mass in real time. Insufficient consideration of rock mass heterogeneity: Most monitoring methods cannot effectively consider the heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock materials, resulting in limited accuracy of monitoring results.

[0004] In recent years, blasting stress waves have gradually attracted the attention of researchers as a powerful tool for detecting rock mass characteristics. Stress waves in the blasting process can be transmitted quickly, and when encountering internal defects (such as cracks, cavities, etc.), they are reflected and scattered, thereby generating rich waveform information. By analyzing this waveform information, the structural characteristics of the rock mass and the potential distribution of weak planes can be inferred.

[0005] Although the existing detection technology based on blasting stress waves shows good prospects in monitoring internal defects in rock masses, there are still several key issues. First, how to make full use of the stress wave signals generated during the blasting process to improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring is a key challenge; second, most existing technologies lack in-depth analysis methods for collected data, making it difficult to achieve accurate imaging; finally, how to reduce equipment requirements and implementation costs so that they can be promoted in a wider range of engineering applications also needs to be solved urgently.

[0006] In this context, the present invention proposes an integrated monitoring and imaging method for weak surfaces inside rock mass based on blasting stress waves, aiming to solve the above problems. By reasonably setting up the monitoring system, analyzing the blasting stress wave signal, calculating the energy field matrix and other steps, three-dimensional imaging of the internal structure of the rock mass can be effectively achieved. This method not only overcomes the shortcomings of traditional monitoring technology, but also provides a new technical basis for rock mass fracture damage assessment, and promotes the development of geotechnical engineering. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology and to provide an integrated monitoring method for blasting damage imaging of engineering rock mass.

[0008] In order to solve the technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] An integrated monitoring method for engineering rock mass blasting damage imaging, the method comprising:

[0010] S1: Set up a monitoring system around the mountain to be monitored. The monitoring system includes a blasting system and a test system. The blasting position coordinates in the blasting system are set as B i (X i ,Y i ,Z i ),i=1,2,...,p; the test system includes a vibration pickup and a recorder; the coordinates of the vibration pickup are set to A j (x j ,y j ,z j ),j=1,2,...,q;

[0011] S2: Detonate the set blasting points in sequence through the blasting system, and use the test system to obtain the propagation time and wave velocity of the explosion stress wave reaching the vibration pickup;

[0012] S3: Calculate the energy field matrix inside the mountain based on the explosion stress wave propagation data measured in step S2, and further obtain the energy density matrix;

[0013] S4: Perform weighted processing on each energy density value in the energy density matrix. First, calculate the weighted average value of the energy density matrix, and then obtain the weighted energy density matrix

[0014] S5: The weighted energy density matrix obtained in step S4 The energy density matrix of a section is interpolated, and the resulting imaging result is the three-dimensional manifestation of the weak surface inside the rock mass.

[0015] In the process of monitoring rock mass, the energy density matrix It reflects the energy distribution from each explosion point to different vibration pickups. Indicates that the vibration pickup A j Receive from blasting point B i This information is of great value for identifying and locating weak surfaces within the rock mass.

[0016] Interpolation processing principle: The purpose of interpolation processing is to infer the value of unknown data points between known data points. Through this processing, a more continuous and smooth energy density distribution can be obtained, thereby more accurately showing the characteristics of the rock mass.

[0017] Interpolation technique selection: You can choose from a variety of interpolation methods, such as:

[0018] Cubic spline interpolation: Approximate the data points piecewise through low-degree polynomials, so that the interpolation result is smooth at each node.

[0019] Kriging interpolation: It provides the best linear unbiased estimate based on the spatial correlation of the distribution of existing data points and is suitable for the interpolation of geological data.

[0020] Nearest neighbor interpolation, etc.: simple and direct, suitable for preliminary analysis.

[0021] Section selection: Select a section, that is, extract energy density matrix data on a specific plane. This section can be a horizontal section or a vertical section, depending on the project needs. Section definition: Set the section definition position (for example: a plane at a certain height) and range, and determine the indexes of i and j covered by the energy density data to be extracted.

[0022] Perform interpolation calculations:

[0023] Data preparation: Extracting energy density data on selected sections

[0024] Perform interpolation:

[0025] All known data points as input.

[0026] The interpolation value of each point on the profile is calculated according to the selected interpolation method.

[0027] Generates a new matrix containing the interpolated energy density values.

[0028] Generation of imaging results:

[0029] Three-dimensional display:

[0030] The interpolated energy density data is used to construct a three-dimensional model. This process can be achieved using three-dimensional visualization software or graphics processing tools.

[0031] The interpolation results are plotted into a three-dimensional cloud map to reflect the changes in energy density in different areas.

[0032] Areas of low energy density generally correspond to weak planes within the rock mass, while areas of high energy density reflect stronger material.

[0033] Result verification: Verify the accuracy of the interpolation imaging results by comparing with existing geological exploration data. Weak surface confirmation: Analyze the 3D visualization map to confirm and mark possible geological weak surface areas. These areas usually show frequent low wave velocity and low energy density values.

[0034] Using the above interpolation and imaging methods, the weak surface inside the rock mass can be located more accurately, providing a scientific basis for subsequent engineering decisions and designs. This can play an important role in road construction, mining and other projects involving rock mass safety.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S2, the blasting points are detonated in sequence by the blasting system, and the blasting stress waves generated by the explosions reach the vibration detector from different propagation paths; assuming that the blasting point B in the mountain i The time of explosion is T i ,i=1,2,...,p,vibrator A j Received blast point B i The time point of the explosion stress wave generated by the explosion is t ij ,j=1,2,...,q, wave speed is c(t) ij , set the vibration pickup A j To blast point B i The distance is S ij .

[0036] Further, in step S3, from the blasting point B i Propagate to the vibration pickup A j The energy of the explosion stress wave is The energy field matrix is Assuming the energy density is The energy density matrix is:

[0037] Furthermore, in step S4, the weighted average value of the energy density matrix is ​​first calculated. Then calculate the weighted energy density

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0041] The integrated monitoring and imaging method of weak surfaces inside rock mass based on blasting stress waves of the present invention has many significant advantages, including:

[0042] High precision: By collecting and analyzing the blasting stress wave signals received by different seismic sensors, the distribution of weak surfaces inside the rock mass can be effectively identified, providing high-resolution three-dimensional imaging results that can accurately reflect the structural characteristics and potential defects of the rock mass.

[0043] Real-time monitoring: By utilizing stress wave signals during the blasting process, the method can realize real-time data collection and analysis, greatly shorten the monitoring cycle, and improve the response speed of engineering safety management.

[0044] Low cost: The present invention does not require the installation of additional complex monitoring equipment or modification of existing equipment, thereby reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs, making the rock mass monitoring method more economical and practical.

[0045] Simple implementation: The implementation process of this method is relatively simple, and does not involve cumbersome on-site layout and complex technical operations. It is easy to apply quickly in actual projects and reduces interference with project construction.

[0046] Comprehensive consideration of heterogeneity: The present invention fully considers the anisotropy and heterogeneity characteristics of rock materials, which can better reflect the real state of the rock mass and provide a scientific basis for subsequent engineering design and reinforcement.

[0047] Strengthening of technical foundation: This invention provides a new technical path for studying the relationship between rock fracture damage and blasting stress waves, promotes in-depth research in related fields, and lays the foundation for the development of more advanced monitoring technologies in the future.

[0048] Wide applicability: This method is not only suitable for monitoring various types of engineering rock masses, but can also be widely used in civil engineering, mining engineering, tunnel construction and other fields related to rock masses, and has good application prospects.

[0049] In summary, the advantages of the present invention make it uniquely competitive in geotechnical engineering monitoring and is an important tool for achieving rock mass safety management and risk control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 , a main flow chart of an integrated monitoring method for engineering rock blasting damage imaging according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2: Specific configuration diagram of the monitoring system (a-front, b-left, c-top view);

[0052] Figure 3, blast stress waves generated by the explosion;

[0053] Figure 4 , Schematic diagram of blasting stress wave propagation;

[0054] Figure 5 , schematic diagram of the explosion point and the location of the stress wave acquisition sensor;

[0055] Figure 6 , stress wave velocity inversion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0057] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so that people familiar with this technology can understand and read them, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any structural modification, change in proportional relationship or adjustment of size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0058] At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships should be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] The present invention discloses an integrated monitoring and imaging method for weak surfaces inside rock mass based on blasting stress waves, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass fracture and damage detection. The present invention can take into account the anisotropy of non-homogeneous materials of rock mass, make full use of blasting vibration signals during blasting and excavation of engineering rock mass, collect and compare the differences between blasting stress waves received by different vibration pickups, perform three-dimensional imaging processing on blasting stress waves, and detect the distribution of weak surfaces inside the rock mass. The present invention does not require the addition of auxiliary equipment or equipment modification, and has low implementation cost and high reliability. The present invention provides a technical basis for studying the corresponding relationship between rock mass fracture damage and blasting stress waves, and can provide a technical basis for studying the analysis of disaster precursor characteristics caused by engineering rock mass excavation disturbance. The present invention provides an integrated monitoring method for blasting damage imaging of engineering rock mass, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps S1 to S4 are included:

[0061] S1. Set up a monitoring system around the mountain to be monitored.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring system is composed of a blasting system and a testing system. The blasting position coordinates in the blasting system are set as Bi (X i ,Y i ,Z i ),i=1,2,...,p. The test system consists of a vibration pickup and a recorder. The coordinates of the vibration pickup are set to A j (x j ,y j ,z j ),j=1,2,...,q. The specific setting of the monitoring system is shown in FIG2 , wherein the number of the vibration pickups is as large as possible under the conditions permitted, and the more the number of vibration pickups is, the more known data is provided, and the more accurate the imaging result is.

[0063] S2. Detonate the blasting points in sequence through the blasting system, and use the test system to obtain the wave velocity and propagation time of the explosion stress wave.

[0064] The blasting points are detonated in sequence by the blasting system, and the blast stress waves generated by the explosions reach the vibration detectors (such as Figure 3 Assume that the blasting point B in the mountain i The time of explosion is T i ,i=1,2,...,p,vibrator A j Received blast point B i The time point of the explosion stress wave generated by the explosion is t ij ,j=1,2,...,q, the wave speed is c(t)ij (such as Figure 4 ). Assume that the vibration pickup device A j To blast point B i The distance is S ij .

[0065] S3. Calculate the energy field matrix inside the mountain based on the measured data, and further obtain the energy density matrix.

[0066] From blast point B i Propagate to the vibration pickup A j The energy of the explosion stress wave is The energy field matrix is Assuming the energy density is The energy density matrix is:

[0067] S4. Perform weighted processing on each energy density value in the energy density matrix, and first calculate the weighted average value of the energy density matrix. Then calculate the weighted energy density

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] S5. During the propagation of the explosion stress wave, the wave attenuation is different due to the different degrees of damage inside the rock. When encountering defects such as cracks, the wave velocity on the straight path decreases. The energy density is the area of ​​the envelope of the explosion stress wave waveform. The decrease in wave velocity leads to a decrease in energy density.

[0071] S6. According to the weighted energy density matrix obtained above First, the energy density matrix of a section is interpolated and imaged, and the imaging result is the three-dimensional manifestation of the weak surface inside the rock mass.

[0072] Embodiment 2:

[0073] This implementation 2 is applied to implementation 1. A specific example is: when an airport was building an aircraft takeoff runway, it was found that there were multiple geological weak surfaces in the runway foundation. The existence of geological weak surfaces will seriously affect the flatness of the runway. In order to effectively detect the distribution of geological bodies, stress waves are stimulated by fixed-point blasting, and stress waves are collected by sensors arranged in multiple locations. According to the differentiated properties of the acoustic wave propagation velocity of geological weak surfaces and rock masses, stress wave waveforms and wave velocities at different positions are collected. Through cubic spline interpolation processing, a three-dimensional cloud map of the wave velocity in the area affected by the airport runway is formed. The three-dimensional geological weak surface distribution of the foundation is inverted.

[0074] Figure 6 The figure shows the schematic diagram of the geological section of #500. Table 1 shows the coordinates of the blasting stress wave collector and the blasting point. Table 2 shows the corresponding velocity information. The geological weak surface distribution cloud map of #500 is inverted using the velocity in Table 2. Figure 6 As shown. Figure 5 The geological weak surface and Figure 6 From the wave velocity distribution cloud diagram, we can see that Figure 5 The wave velocity cloud diagram at the geological weak surface marked in the middle also shows a low-speed distribution ( Figure 6 ). In the future, by adding more explosion points, the relative position of the weak surface can be further delineated to achieve accurate positioning of the weak surface, thereby providing the coordinate information of the weak surface for runway foundation treatment.

[0075] Table 1 - Coordinate statistics

[0076]

[0077] Table 2-Statistics of blasting stress wave velocity corresponding to different blasting points

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

[0081] Many other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the concept and scope of the present invention.It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An integrated monitoring method for engineering rock mass blasting damage imaging, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1: Set up a monitoring system around the mountain to be monitored. The monitoring system includes a blasting system and a test system. The blasting position coordinates in the blasting system are set as B i (X i ,Y i ,Z i ),i=1,2,...,p; the test system includes a vibration pickup and a recorder; the coordinates of the vibration pickup are set to A j (x j ,y j ,z j ),j=1,2,...,q; S2: Detonate the set blasting points in sequence through the blasting system, and use the test system to obtain the propagation time and wave velocity of the explosion stress wave reaching the vibration pickup; S3: Calculate the energy field matrix inside the mountain based on the explosion stress wave propagation data measured in step S2, and further obtain the energy density matrix; S4: Perform weighted processing on each energy density value in the energy density matrix. First, calculate the weighted average value of the energy density matrix, and then obtain the weighted energy density matrix S5: The weighted energy density matrix obtained in step S4 The energy density matrix of a section is interpolated, and the resulting imaging result is the three-dimensional manifestation of the weak surface inside the rock mass.

2. The integrated monitoring method for engineering rock blasting damage imaging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the blasting points are detonated in sequence by the blasting system, and the blasting stress waves generated by the explosions reach the vibration detector from different propagation paths; assuming that the blasting point B in the mountain i The time of explosion is T i ,i=1,2,...,p,vibrator A j Received blast point B i The time point of the explosion stress wave generated by the explosion is t ij ,j=1,2,...,q, wave speed is c(t) ij , set the vibration pickup A j To blast point B i The distance is S ij .

3. The integrated monitoring method for engineering rock blasting damage imaging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, from the blasting point B i Propagate to the vibration pickup A j The energy of the explosion stress wave is The energy field matrix is Assuming the energy density is The energy density matrix is:

4. The integrated monitoring method for engineering rock blasting damage imaging according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the weighted average value of the energy density matrix is ​​first calculated. Then calculate the weighted energy density

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