A method and device for evaluating cost-benefit of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and device for evaluating the cost-benefit of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant, wherein the method comprises: quantifying the regulation behavior of resources participating in regional balancing services to obtain quantitative indicators; based on the quantitative indicators, calculating the marginal cost generated by executing a single regulation behavior when the resources participate in regional balancing services; based on the quantitative indicators, calculating the marginal benefit generated by the resources participating in regional balancing services on the power grid side; based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit, establishing a cost-benefit interval for the resources participating in regional balancing services as a quotation range. The present invention can accurately evaluate the cost and benefit of resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of virtual power plant regional balancing services, and in particular to a method and device for evaluating the cost-benefit of virtual power plant regional balancing services. Background Art

[0002] Virtual power plants participate in grid dispatching or power market transactions as a whole by aggregating internal regional resources, achieving complementary resource characteristics, exerting the combined force of internal resources, and improving overall controllability and adjustability. Since there may be excessive output of distributed power sources and insufficient internal load power in virtual power plants, the problem of reverse power transmission in the power grid is serious, affecting the economic and stable operation of the power grid. Therefore, virtual power plants give priority to regional balancing services to alleviate the problem of reverse power transmission in the power grid and improve the economy, stability and reliability of power grid operation.

[0003] Virtual power plants usually use methods such as electricity fee reductions and economic subsidies to guide internal resources to change their output, so as to achieve regional internal self-balance as much as possible. Virtual power plants or resource individuals need to scientifically and reasonably determine their own regulation value based on the cost of executing regulation behavior and the benefits brought to the grid side, so as to assist in decision-making in various scenarios such as declaring electricity fee reductions or economic subsidies, participating in multi-market transactions, etc., and improve the profitability of virtual power plants and internal resources.

[0004] The existing public patent document CN116632935A discloses a power system balancing optimization method based on a balancing unit. This method only considers the balancing cost of the power generation, transmission and consumption entities, does not consider the benefits brought to the power grid by the resources participating in the balancing service, and does not ensure the maximization of profits of virtual power plants and resource users in regional balancing services. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and device for evaluating the cost-benefit of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant, which can accurately evaluate the cost and benefit of resources.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a method for evaluating the cost-benefit of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Quantify the regulatory behavior of resources participating in regional balance services and obtain quantitative indicators;

[0008] Based on the quantitative indicators, the marginal cost of performing a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service is calculated;

[0009] Based on the quantitative indicators, the marginal benefits of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side are calculated;

[0010] Based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit, a cost-benefit range of resources participating in the regional balancing service is established as a quotation range.

[0011] The regulation behavior of resources participating in the regional balance service is quantified to obtain quantitative indicators, including:

[0012] The difference between the output power of the resource after receiving the instruction and the originally planned output power is used as a quantitative indicator for adjusting the power;

[0013] The change in unidirectional output power per unit time of individual resources is used as a quantitative indicator of the regulation rate;

[0014] The accumulated value of the regulation power in the regulation period over time is used as a quantitative indicator of the regulation mileage;

[0015] The time from when the virtual power plant issues an adjustment command to when the output power of the internal resources of the virtual power plant changes in the direction of the command to exceed the threshold is used as a quantitative indicator of the response time;

[0016] The time from when the output power of the resource meets the regulation instruction requirement to when the output power of the resource does not meet the regulation instruction requirement is used as a quantitative indicator of duration;

[0017] The deviation rate between the actual regulated electricity and the declared regulated electricity during the regulation period is used as an indicator of regulation accuracy;

[0018] The ratio of the actual regulated power of resources during the regulation period to the declared regulated power is used as an indicator of the regulation execution rate.

[0019] The marginal cost generated by executing a single adjustment behavior when computing resources participating in the regional balancing service based on the quantitative indicator includes:

[0020] Calculate the investment cost required for resources to participate in regional balancing services based on the quantitative indicators;

[0021] The additional maintenance cost required for computing resources to participate in the regional balancing service;

[0022] The power regulation cost of computing resources for adjusting output power according to the regulation instructions of the virtual power plant;

[0023] Calculate the added carbon emission cost when resources participate in regional balancing services;

[0024] The transaction cost of computing resources to perform regional balancing service transactions;

[0025] The marginal cost generated by executing a single regulation behavior when the resources participate in the regional balancing service is calculated based on the investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

[0026] The investment cost is Calculated, among which, For investment cost, is the investment cost function, Perform a single adjustment action when serving regional balance During the period A quantitative indicator, is the utility time after investment and construction, is the unit time, for Adjust power by time period.

[0027] The maintenance costs are Calculated, among which, For maintenance costs, for Adjust power during time periods, is the unit time, is the maintenance cost per unit of electricity in one year, Calculate the period for maintenance cost.

[0028] The power regulation cost is Calculated, among which, is the power regulation cost, for Adjust power during time periods, , and is the coefficient.

[0029] The carbon emission cost is Calculated, among which, is the carbon emission cost, for The upward adjustment power of power generation resources during the period, for The downward adjustment power of the load resources during the period, is the unit time, is the carbon emission coefficient, is the clearing price of the carbon emission market.

[0030] The transaction costs are Calculated, among which, is the transaction cost, is the explicit cost, expressed as: , The fee paid in proportion to the transaction amount for participating in the regional balancing service through an intermediary service agency is The service fee is payable to the intermediary service agency according to the service duration. For taxes, The remaining fees need to be paid directly; is the implicit cost, expressed as: , The opportunity cost of forgoing the benefits of other options when choosing to participate in the regional balancing service, The cost of obtaining the information required for the transaction, The cost of negotiating the transaction. Supervision and enforcement costs to ensure that both parties to the transaction fulfill the contract.

[0031] The marginal cost is given by Calculated, among which, is the marginal cost, for Adjust power during time periods, To adjust the power variation, To adjust the power The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost, To adjust the power The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

[0032] The marginal benefit of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side is calculated based on the quantitative indicators, including:

[0033] Calculate the economic benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side based on the quantitative indicators;

[0034] The social benefits of computing resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side;

[0035] Calculate the environmental benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side;

[0036] The marginal benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side are calculated based on the economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.

[0037] The economic benefits are Calculated, among which, For economic benefits, In order to save the income from purchasing electricity, it is expressed as: , for Adjust power during time periods, for The price of electricity purchased from the upper power grid during the period; In order to save investment cost, the benefits are expressed as: , The benefit of saving capacity investment cost is expressed as: , The benefits of saving the investment cost of transmission and distribution are expressed as: , Indicates construction satisfaction The cost of adjusting the traditional unit behavior index, Indicates that the traditional unit performs a single adjustment behavior in During the period A quantitative indicator, Indicates construction satisfaction The cost of virtual power plants that adjust behavioral indicators, Indicates that the virtual power plant performs a single adjustment behavior in During the period A quantitative indicator, is the unit time, is the utility time after investment and construction, It represents the cost required to construct transmission and distribution facilities per unit capacity. Indicates the operating life of the constructed power transmission and distribution facilities; is the equipment protection benefit, expressed as: , The benefit of extending equipment life is expressed as: , The benefit of reducing maintenance cost is expressed as: , is the equipment replacement cost, For the expected life of the equipment, Extended life time for all regional balancing services within one year, Regulate electricity consumption for all regional balancing services throughout the year, is the maintenance cost of the equipment, The number of maintenance times is reduced each year; is the financial return, expressed as: , is the investment interest rate.

[0038] The social benefits are Calculated, among which, For social benefits, The benefits of improving regional power grid reliability under resource interaction are expressed as: , In order to save land resources, the benefits are expressed as: , for Adjust power during time periods, and They are The upper and lower limits of power are adjusted during the time period. and Regional power grid The average utilization capacity factor of the upward and downward reserve capacity during the period, for Average power outage time per period, for The output value generated by the unit electricity in the time period, is the land area function required to build a traditional unit of unit capacity, is the value per unit land area, The duration of the utility of the purchased land.

[0039] The environmental benefits are achieved through Calculated, among which, For environmental benefits, is the clean power generation substitution benefit, expressed as: , is the clean energy substitution benefit, expressed as: , express Time period resource replacement The capacity of the power generation resources, For the The unit capacity of the power generation resource corresponds to The level of pollutant emissions, is the average capacity ratio of renewable energy, The unit quantity The cost of treating the pollutants required, For the Unit consumption of fossil energy corresponds to The level of pollutant emissions, for Time period The capacity of fossil fuels replaced, for The additional electricity consumption due to regional balancing services during the period, The first The level of pollutant emissions.

[0040] The marginal benefit is Calculated, among which, For marginal benefit, for Adjust power during time periods, To adjust the power variation, To adjust the power The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits at the time of To adjust the power The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits at the time of implementation.

[0041] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: to provide a cost-benefit evaluation device for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant, comprising:

[0042] The quantification module is used to quantify the regulation behavior of resources participating in the regional balancing service and obtain quantitative indicators;

[0043] A cost calculation module, used to calculate the marginal cost of executing a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service based on the quantitative indicators;

[0044] A benefit calculation module, used to calculate the marginal benefit of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side based on the quantitative indicators;

[0045] A module is established for establishing a cost-benefit range for resource participation in regional balancing services based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit as a quotation range.

[0046] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned virtual power plant regional balancing service cost-benefit evaluation method when executing the computer program.

[0047] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: providing a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above-mentioned virtual power plant regional balancing service cost-benefit evaluation method are implemented.

[0048] Beneficial Effects

[0049] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the present invention comprehensively considers multiple factors such as resource regulation capability and effect, resource party cost, and grid-side benefit, and conducts quantitative evaluation of resource regulation behavior. On this basis, the comprehensive marginal cost of the resource party and the comprehensive marginal benefit of the grid side are calculated, thereby accurately evaluating the cost and benefit of resources, and proposing a cost-benefit range for resources participating in regional balancing services as a reasonable quotation range, thereby helping to improve the profitability of virtual power plants and resource entities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the cost-benefit evaluation method of the regional balancing service of a virtual power plant according to the first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0052] The first embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for evaluating the cost-benefit of a virtual power plant regional balancing service. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0053] Step 1: quantify the regulation behavior of resources participating in regional balancing services and obtain quantitative indicators. This step establishes a quantitative indicator system for the regulation behavior of resources, which includes regulation power, ramp rate, response time, duration, regulation accuracy, regulation execution rate, etc. This indicator system can be used to describe the regulation actions of individual resources when participating in the regional balancing service of the virtual power plant, and is used for subsequent evaluation of the economic benefits that individual resources can bring to the grid side in a single regulation behavior.

[0054] The regional balance adjustment behavior in this embodiment can be described by the following aspects: , are quantitative indicators:

[0055] Quantitative indicators To adjust the power, that is, the difference between the output power of the resource after receiving the instruction and the originally planned output power, the calculation expression is as follows:

[0056] ;

[0057] Where: for Adjust power during time periods, For the running time, for Output power during the period, for The originally planned output power / load baseline power of the power supply and energy storage during the period.

[0058] Quantitative indicators The adjustment rate is the change in the output power of a resource in one direction per unit time. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0059] ;

[0060] Where: for Time period adjustment rate.

[0061] Quantitative indicators The adjustment mileage is the cumulative value of the adjustment power over time during the adjustment period. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0062] ;

[0063] Where: for Adjust mileage by time period, The calculation cycle is within the current The adjustment period before the period, for Adjust power by time period.

[0064] Quantitative indicators is the response time, that is, the time from when the virtual power plant issues an adjustment command to when the output power of the internal resources of the virtual power plant changes in the direction of the command to exceed the threshold, which is expressed as:

[0065] ;

[0066] Where: is the response time, The moment when the resource receives the adjustment instruction. The moment when the resource output power exceeds a certain threshold as required by the regulation instruction.

[0067] Quantitative indicators is the duration, that is, the time from when the output power of the resource meets the regulation instruction requirements to when the output power of the resource does not meet the regulation instruction requirements, which is expressed as:

[0068] ;

[0069] Where: is the duration, The time when the regulation instruction requirements are met is The time at which the resource begins to fail to meet the requirements of the adjustment instruction.

[0070] Quantitative indicators The regulation accuracy is the deviation rate between the actual regulated power and the declared regulated power during the regulation period. The calculation method is as follows:

[0071] ;

[0072] Where: To adjust the accuracy, To actually adjust the power, is the declared regulated power.

[0073] Quantitative indicators The regulation execution rate is the ratio of the actual regulated power of resources to the declared regulated power during the regulation period. The calculation method is as follows:

[0074] ;

[0075] Where: To adjust the execution rate.

[0076] Step 2: Based on the quantitative indicators, calculate the marginal cost of executing a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service. This step specifically includes:

[0077] The investment cost required for resources to participate in the regional balancing service is calculated based on the quantitative indicators. In this implementation, when calculating the software and hardware transformation costs required for resources to participate in the regional balancing service, the investment cost is calculated based on the investment cost amount and the cost amount value within the calculation period calculated on average during the utility period. The investment cost is calculated as follows:

[0078] ;

[0079] in, For investment cost, is the investment cost function, Perform a single adjustment action when serving regional balance During the period A quantitative indicator, is the utility time after investment and construction, The investment cost function in this embodiment is is a polynomial function that transforms the quantitative index Substitute it into the polynomial function to get the investment cost .

[0080] The additional maintenance costs required for computing resources to participate in regional balancing services. Since resources participating in regional balancing services require additional daily operation and maintenance work, including equipment maintenance, the additional maintenance costs mainly include the wages of operation and maintenance personnel, equipment and material replacement costs, etc. The maintenance costs are calculated as follows:

[0081] ;

[0082] in, For maintenance costs, is the maintenance cost per unit of electricity in one year, The maintenance cost calculation period is one year in this embodiment.

[0083] The power regulation cost of the resource for output power regulation according to the regulation instruction of the virtual power plant is calculated. The resource regulates the output power according to the regulation instruction of the virtual power plant, and its regulation cost is a function of the time period and the regulation power. This implementation method is equivalent to a quadratic function of the regulation power, and its expression is as follows:

[0084] ;

[0085] in, is the power regulation cost, is the power regulation cost function, , and The coefficients of the quadratic function

[0086] The carbon emission cost added when the resource participates in the regional balancing service is calculated. The carbon emission cost in this implementation is calculated as follows:

[0087] ;

[0088] in, is the carbon emission cost, for The upward adjustment power of the power generation resources in the time period is a positive number. for The downward adjustment power of the load resource in the time period, that is, the power change of the upward adjustment power consumption, its value is a positive number. is the unit time, is the carbon emission coefficient (kg / kWh), is the clearing price of the carbon emission market (kg / kWh).

[0089] The transaction costs incurred by computing resources to perform regional balancing service transactions. The transaction costs in this implementation mode refer to the costs incurred to perform regional balancing service transactions in addition to the above costs, including the time and amount costs of disseminating information, market-related transportation, and negotiation, contract signing, declaration, execution, supervision and other activities. Transaction costs can be divided into explicit costs and implicit costs.

[0090] Among them, explicit cost The direct expenses are calculated as follows:

[0091] ;

[0092] in, The fee to be paid in proportion to the transaction amount for participating in the regional balancing service through an intermediary service agency is expressed as: , The service fee to be paid to the intermediary service agency according to the service duration is expressed as: , is the tax, expressed as: , For the remaining fees that need to be paid directly, is the transaction amount, is the handling fee rate, To adjust the time period, is the service fee per unit time, For the tax rate.

[0093] Among them, hidden costs The calculation method is as follows:

[0094] ;

[0095] in, The opportunity cost of giving up the benefits of other options when choosing to participate in regional balancing services is expressed as: , The cost of obtaining the information required for the transaction is expressed as: , is the cost of negotiation during the transaction, expressed as: , The supervision and enforcement costs to ensure that both parties fulfill the contract are expressed as: . is the comprehensive benefit of the abandoned option, is the current comprehensive income, To search for information time, is the time value, Direct costs of obtaining information, For negotiation time, Other costs required for negotiation unit time, To supervise the time, Direct costs required for supervision.

[0096] Among them, the comprehensive benefits of the choice given up by the resource individual are the benefits obtained by giving up participating in the regional balancing service and choosing to use its regulation capacity to participate in the intraday / real-time electricity energy market, ancillary service market, etc., which can be calculated by participating in various markets. And compare and take the maximum value (max) to get, Representing different types of markets.

[0097] In summary, transaction costs are the sum of explicit costs and implicit costs, calculated as follows:

[0098] .

[0099] The marginal cost generated by executing a single regulation behavior when the resources participate in the regional balancing service is calculated based on the investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

[0100] In this implementation, the comprehensive cost is calculated based on the above five aspects of cost as follows:

[0101] ;

[0102] in, The comprehensive cost of resources participating in the regional balancing service of the virtual power plant, is the number of the cost indicator, For various costs.

[0103] The marginal cost of performing a single adjustment action when a resource participates in the regional balancing service is calculated as follows:

[0104] ;

[0105] in, is the marginal cost, for Adjust power during time periods, To adjust the power variation, To adjust the power The comprehensive cost (i.e. the sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost) when To adjust the power The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

[0106] Step 3: Based on the quantitative indicators, calculate the marginal benefits of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side. This step specifically includes:

[0107] The economic benefits of participating in regional balancing services on the grid side are calculated based on the quantitative indicators. The economic benefits in this implementation include saving electricity purchase income , save investment cost and benefit , Equipment protection benefits and financial benefits , so the economic benefit is calculated as:

[0108] ;

[0109] in, For economic benefits.

[0110] When resources participate in regional balancing services, if power generation is increased or power consumption is reduced, the cost of purchasing power from the upper power grid can be reduced, thereby gaining benefits. Otherwise, the cost of purchasing power will increase and benefits will be lost, thus saving power purchase benefits. The calculation method is:

[0111] ;

[0112] in, for The electricity price purchased from the upper power grid during a period of time.

[0113] The participation of resources in grid interaction can meet the grid regulation needs and replace traditional energy to a certain extent, thereby reducing the investment and construction costs of new traditional energy, and at the same time reducing the investment and construction costs of supporting transmission and distribution lines and substations. The saved investment costs include capacity costs and transmission and distribution costs. The profit calculation formula for saving investment costs is as follows:

[0114] ;

[0115] in, The benefit of saving capacity investment cost is expressed as:

[0116] ;

[0117] The benefits of saving the investment cost of transmission and distribution are expressed as:

[0118] ;

[0119] in, Indicates construction satisfaction The cost of adjusting the traditional unit behavior index, Indicates that the traditional unit performs a single adjustment behavior in During the period A quantitative indicator, Indicates construction satisfaction The cost of virtual power plants that adjust behavioral indicators, Indicates that the virtual power plant performs a single adjustment behavior in During the period A quantitative indicator, It represents the cost required to construct transmission and distribution facilities per unit capacity. It indicates the operating life span of the constructed power transmission and distribution facilities.

[0120] The calculation method of equipment protection benefits is:

[0121] ;

[0122] in, The benefit of extending equipment life is expressed as: , The benefit of reducing maintenance cost is expressed as: , is the equipment replacement cost, For the expected life of the equipment, Extended life time for all regional balancing services within one year, Regulate electricity consumption for all regional balancing services throughout the year, is the maintenance cost of the equipment, The number of maintenance tasks is reduced each year.

[0123] Because regional balancing services can save the power grid company's investment and construction costs, equipment maintenance and replacement costs, the saved costs can be used for financial investment to obtain benefits. The calculation method of financial benefits is:

[0124] ;

[0125] in, is the investment interest rate.

[0126] The social benefits of computing resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side. Social benefits of this implementation Including reliability benefits and land resource saving benefits.

[0127] The participation of resources in regional balancing services can improve the operational reliability of the power grid. Reliability benefits refer to the fact that after a resource performs a regulation behavior on a long time scale (such as the day before), its remaining regulation capacity can be used to improve the regulation capacity of regional balancing services on a short time scale (such as intraday), thereby improving the reliability of the power grid on a short time scale and obtaining potential benefits. Reliability benefits can be expressed as:

[0128] ;

[0129] in, To improve the benefits of regional grid reliability in the case of resource interaction, and They are The upper and lower limits of power are adjusted during the time period. and Regional power grid The average utilization capacity factor of the upward and downward reserve capacity in the period is calculated by the ratio of the utilization power of the upward / downward reserve capacity to the total power in a longer period. For a longer period Average power outage time per period, for The output value generated by unit electricity in a time period.

[0130] Compared with the construction of traditional power generation energy, the construction of virtual power plants can avoid the use of additional land and save land resources. Therefore, the calculation formula for saving land resources is as follows:

[0131] ;

[0132] in, In order to save land resources, is the land area function required to build a traditional unit of unit capacity, is the value per unit land area, The duration of the utility of the purchased land.

[0133] Environmental benefits of computing resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side The participation of internal resources of virtual power plants in regional balancing services can reduce carbon emissions and improve energy conservation, thereby reducing pollutant emissions. The environmental benefits of this implementation method include clean power generation substitution benefits and clean energy substitution benefits.

[0134] The calculation method of clean power generation substitution benefit is as follows:

[0135] ;

[0136] in, For the benefit of clean power generation alternative, Representative pollutants, Representative Types of alternative power generation resources, express Time period resource replacement The capacity of the power generation resources, For the The unit capacity of the power generation resource corresponds to The level of pollutant emissions, is the average capacity ratio coefficient of renewable energy, and 0< <1, The unit quantity The cost of treating the pollutants.

[0137] The calculation method of clean energy substitution benefit is:

[0138] ;

[0139] in, For the benefit of clean energy substitution, is the unit consumption of the uth type of fossil energy corresponding to the The level of pollutant emissions, for The capacity of the uth type of fossil energy replaced in period, for The additional electricity consumption due to regional balancing services during the period, The first The level of pollutant emissions.

[0140] The marginal benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side are calculated based on the economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.

[0141] In this implementation method, the comprehensive benefit can be calculated by weighting the economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit. The calculation method is as follows:

[0142] ;

[0143] Among them, R is the comprehensive benefit, α and β are benefit weight parameters, which satisfy the conditions 0≤α≤1, 0≤β≤1, α+β≤1.

[0144] The marginal benefit of resource participation in regional balancing services on the grid side is calculated as follows:

[0145] ;

[0146] in, For marginal benefit, To adjust the power The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits (i.e. comprehensive benefits) To adjust the power The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits (i.e. comprehensive benefits) at the time of implementation.

[0147] Step 4: Based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit, a cost-benefit range of resource participation in regional balancing service is established as a quotation range. The cost-benefit range of resource participation in regional balancing service established in this step can be expressed as:

[0148] ;

[0149] in: The declared price for regional balancing services. In a perfectly competitive market environment, resource entities are price takers, and the marginal price equal to the marginal comprehensive cost is the equilibrium condition for maximizing profits. In an imperfectly competitive market environment, the highest price that can be declared for regional balancing services is the marginal comprehensive benefit, provided that the benefits of the power grid are not harmed and the profits of resources in the virtual power plant are maximized.

[0150] It is not difficult to find that this implementation method comprehensively considers multiple factors such as resource regulation capacity and effect, resource party cost, and grid-side benefit, and conducts a quantitative evaluation of resource regulation behavior. On this basis, the comprehensive marginal cost of the resource party and the comprehensive marginal benefit of the grid side are calculated, thereby accurately evaluating the cost and benefit of resources, and proposing a cost-benefit range for resources participating in regional balancing services as a reasonable quotation range, helping to improve the profitability of virtual power plants and resource entities.

[0151] A second embodiment of the present invention relates to a cost-benefit evaluation device for a virtual power plant regional balancing service, comprising:

[0152] The quantification module is used to quantify the regulation behavior of resources participating in the regional balancing service and obtain quantitative indicators;

[0153] A cost calculation module, used to calculate the marginal cost of executing a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service based on the quantitative indicators;

[0154] A benefit calculation module, used to calculate the marginal benefit of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side based on the quantitative indicators;

[0155] A module is established for establishing a cost-benefit range for resource participation in regional balancing services based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit as a quotation range.

[0156] The quantization module comprises:

[0157] The first unit is used to use the difference between the output power of the resource after receiving the instruction and the originally planned output power as a quantitative index for adjusting the power;

[0158] The second unit is used to use the change in unidirectional output power per unit time of the individual resource as a quantitative indicator of the regulation rate;

[0159] The third unit is used to use the cumulative value of the adjustment power in the adjustment period over time as a quantitative indicator of the adjustment mileage;

[0160] The fourth unit is used to use the time from when the virtual power plant issues an adjustment command to when the output power of the internal resources of the virtual power plant changes in the direction of the command to exceed the threshold as a quantitative indicator of the response time;

[0161] A fifth unit is used to use the time from when the output power of the resource meets the regulation instruction requirement to when the output power of the resource does not meet the regulation instruction requirement as a quantitative indicator of duration;

[0162] The sixth unit is used to use the deviation rate between the actual regulated power and the declared regulated power during the regulation period as an indicator of regulation accuracy;

[0163] The seventh unit is used to use the ratio of the actual regulated power of resources during the regulation period to the reported regulated power as an indicator of the regulation execution rate.

[0164] The cost calculation module includes:

[0165] An investment cost calculation unit, used to calculate the investment cost required for resources to participate in the regional balancing service based on the quantitative indicators;

[0166] Maintenance cost calculation unit, used to calculate the additional maintenance cost required for resources to participate in regional balancing services;

[0167] A power regulation cost calculation unit, used to calculate the power regulation cost of resources for output power regulation according to the regulation instructions of the virtual power plant;

[0168] Carbon emission cost calculation unit, used to calculate the added carbon emission cost when resources participate in regional balancing services;

[0169] A transaction cost calculation unit, used to calculate the transaction cost of resources executing regional balancing service transaction behavior;

[0170] The marginal cost calculation unit is used to calculate the marginal cost generated by performing a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service according to the investment cost, maintenance cost, power adjustment cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

[0171] The investment cost is calculated by Calculate the investment cost, where For investment cost, is the investment cost function, Perform a single adjustment action when serving regional balance During the period A quantitative indicator, is the utility time after investment and construction, is the unit time, for Adjust power by time period.

[0172] The maintenance cost calculation unit is Calculate maintenance cost, where For maintenance costs, for Adjust power during time periods, is the unit time, is the maintenance cost per unit of electricity in one year, Calculate the period for maintenance cost.

[0173] The power regulation cost calculation unit is Calculate the power regulation cost, where is the power regulation cost, for Adjust power during time periods, , and is the coefficient.

[0174] The carbon emission cost calculation unit is Calculate the carbon emission cost, where is the carbon emission cost, for The upward adjustment power of power generation resources during the period, for The downward adjustment power of the load resources during the period, is the unit time, is the carbon emission coefficient, is the clearing price of the carbon emission market.

[0175] The transaction cost calculation unit is Calculate transaction costs, where is the transaction cost, is the explicit cost, expressed as: , The fee paid in proportion to the transaction amount for participating in the regional balancing service through an intermediary service agency is The service fee is payable to the intermediary service agency according to the service duration. For taxes, The remaining fees need to be paid directly; is the implicit cost, expressed as: , The opportunity cost of forgoing the benefits of other options when choosing to participate in the regional balancing service, The cost of obtaining the information required for the transaction, The cost of negotiating the transaction. Supervision and enforcement costs to ensure that both parties to the transaction fulfill the contract.

[0176] The marginal cost calculation unit is Calculate marginal cost, where is the marginal cost, for Adjust power during time periods, To adjust the power variation, To adjust the power The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost, To adjust the power The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

[0177] The benefit calculation module includes:

[0178] An economic benefit calculation unit, used to calculate the economic benefits of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side based on the quantitative indicators;

[0179] A social benefit calculation unit, used to calculate the social benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side;

[0180] Environmental benefit calculation unit, used to calculate the environmental benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side;

[0181] The marginal benefit calculation unit is used to calculate the marginal benefit of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the power grid side according to the economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.

[0182] The economic benefit calculation unit is Calculate the economic benefits, where For economic benefits, In order to save the income from purchasing electricity, it is expressed as: , for Adjust power during time periods, for The price of electricity purchased from the upper power grid during the period; In order to save investment cost, it is expressed as: , The benefit of saving capacity investment cost is expressed as: , The benefits of saving the investment cost of transmission and distribution are expressed as: , Indicates construction satisfaction The cost of adjusting the traditional unit behavior index, Indicates that the traditional unit performs a single adjustment behavior During the period A quantitative indicator, Indicates construction satisfaction The cost of virtual power plants that adjust behavioral indicators, Indicates that the virtual power plant performs a single adjustment behavior in During the period A quantitative indicator, is the unit time, is the utility time after investment and construction, It represents the cost required to construct transmission and distribution facilities per unit capacity. Indicates the operating life of the constructed power transmission and distribution facilities; is the equipment protection benefit, expressed as: , The benefit of extending the equipment life is expressed as: , The benefit of reducing maintenance cost is expressed as: , is the equipment replacement cost, For the expected life of the equipment, Extended life time for all regional balancing services within one year, Regulate electricity consumption for all regional balancing services throughout the year, is the maintenance cost of the equipment, The number of maintenance times is reduced each year; is the financial return, expressed as: , is the investment interest rate.

[0183] The social benefit calculation unit is Calculate the social benefit, where For social benefits, The benefits of improving regional power grid reliability under resource interaction are expressed as: , In order to save land resources, the benefits are expressed as: , for Adjust power during time periods, and They are The upper and lower limits of power are adjusted during the time period. and Regional power grid The average utilization capacity factor of the upward and downward reserve capacity during the period, for Average power outage time per period, for The output value generated by the unit electricity in the time period, is the land area function required to build a traditional unit of unit capacity, is the value per unit land area, The duration of the utility of the purchased land.

[0184] The environmental benefit calculation unit is Calculate the environmental benefits, where For environmental benefits, is the clean power generation substitution benefit, expressed as: , is the clean energy substitution benefit, expressed as: , express Time period resource replacement The capacity of the power generation resources, For the The unit capacity of the power generation resource corresponds to The level of pollutant emissions, is the average capacity ratio of renewable energy, The unit quantity The cost of treating the pollutants required, For the Unit consumption of fossil energy corresponds to The level of pollutant emissions, for Time period The capacity of fossil fuels replaced, for The additional electricity consumption due to regional balancing services during the period, The first The level of pollutant emissions.

[0185] The marginal benefit calculation unit is Calculate the marginal benefit, where For marginal benefit, for Adjust power during time periods, To adjust the power variation, To adjust the power The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits at the time of To adjust the power The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits at the time of implementation.

[0186] A third embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for cost-benefit evaluation of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant of the first embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0187] A fourth embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for cost-benefit evaluation of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant of the first embodiment.

[0188] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0189] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0190] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction method, which is implemented in the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0191] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0192] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The regulatory behavior of resources participating in regional balance services is quantified to obtain quantitative indicators, including: The difference between the output power of the resource after receiving the instruction and the originally planned output power is used as a quantitative indicator for adjusting the power; The change in unidirectional output power per unit time of individual resources is used as a quantitative indicator of the regulation rate; The accumulated value of the regulation power in the regulation period over time is used as a quantitative indicator of the regulation mileage; The time from when the virtual power plant issues an adjustment command to when the output power of the internal resources of the virtual power plant changes in the direction of the command to exceed the threshold is used as a quantitative indicator of the response time; The time from when the output power of the resource meets the regulation instruction requirement to when the output power of the resource does not meet the regulation instruction requirement is used as a quantitative indicator of duration; The deviation rate between the actual regulated electricity and the declared regulated electricity during the regulation period is used as an indicator of regulation accuracy; The ratio of the actual regulated electricity volume of resources during the regulation period to the declared regulated electricity volume is used as an indicator of the regulation execution rate; Based on the quantitative index, the marginal cost of a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service is calculated, wherein the marginal cost is calculated by Calculated, C M is the marginal cost, P t To adjust the power for the period t, ΔP t To adjust the power change, C(P t ) is the adjustment power P t The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost, C(P t +ΔP t ) is the adjustment power P t +ΔP t The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost; Based on the quantitative indicators, the marginal benefit of the resource participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side is calculated, wherein the marginal benefit is calculated by Calculated, where R M is the marginal benefit, R(P t ) is the adjustment power P t The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits when t +ΔP t ) is the adjustment power P t +ΔP t The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits at the time of implementation; Based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit, a cost-benefit range of resources participating in the regional balancing service is established as a quotation range.

2. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The marginal cost of executing a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service is calculated based on the quantitative index, include: Calculate the investment cost required for resources to participate in regional balancing services based on the quantitative indicators; The additional maintenance cost required for computing resources to participate in the regional balancing service; The power regulation cost of computing resources for adjusting output power according to the regulation instructions of the virtual power plant; Calculate the added carbon emission cost when resources participate in regional balancing services; The transaction cost of computing resources to perform regional balancing service transactions; The marginal cost generated by executing a single regulation behavior when the resources participate in the regional balancing service is calculated based on the investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost.

3. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The investment cost is Calculated, where C1 is the investment cost, C B () is the investment cost function, I 1,t ,...,I N,t N quantitative indicators of a single adjustment behavior in a period of t when serving regional balance, is the utility time after investment and construction, and Δt is the unit time.

4. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The maintenance costs are Calculated, where C2 is the maintenance cost, Δt is the unit time, π om is the maintenance cost per unit of electricity in one year, T yr Calculate the period for maintenance cost.

5. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power regulation cost is given by C3=a·(P t ) 2 +b·P t +c is calculated, where C3 is the power regulation cost, and a, b and c are coefficients.

6. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon emission cost is Calculated, where C4 is the carbon emission cost, P t gn+ is the upward adjustment power of the power generation resources in period t, P t ld- is the downward adjustment power of the load resource in period t, Δt is the unit time, μ car is the carbon emission coefficient, π car is the clearing price of the carbon emission market.

7. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transaction costs are Calculated, where C5 is the transaction cost, is the explicit cost, expressed as: C prop The fee paid in proportion to the transaction amount for participating in the regional balancing service through an intermediary service agency is C serve C is the service fee that needs to be paid to the intermediary service agency according to the service duration. tax For taxes, C other The remaining fees need to be paid directly; is the implicit cost, expressed as: C oppo The opportunity cost of giving up the benefits of other options when choosing to participate in regional balancing services, C info The cost of obtaining the information required for the transaction, C nego is the cost of negotiation during the transaction, C super Supervision and enforcement costs to ensure that both parties to the transaction fulfill the contract.

8. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The marginal benefit of resources participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side is calculated based on the quantitative indicators, including: Calculate the economic benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side based on the quantitative indicators; The social benefits of computing resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side; Calculate the environmental benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side; The marginal benefits of resources participating in regional balancing services on the grid side are calculated based on the economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits.

9. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that: The economic benefits are achieved through Calculated, where R eco For economic benefits, In order to save the income from purchasing electricity, it is expressed as: λ power,t is the electricity price purchased from the upper power grid during period t; In order to save investment cost, it is expressed as: The benefit of saving capacity investment cost is expressed as: The benefits of saving the investment cost of transmission and distribution are expressed as: C G,Q,t () indicates that the construction meets I 1,G,t ,...,I N,G,t The cost of traditional units to adjust the behavior index, I 1,G,t ,...,I N,G,t It represents the N quantitative indicators of the traditional unit performing a single regulation behavior within a period of t, C self,Q,t () indicates that the construction meets I 1,self,t ,...,I N,self,t The cost of virtual power plants to adjust the behavior indicators, I 1,self,t ,...,I N,self,t It represents the N quantitative indicators of a single regulation behavior of the virtual power plant within a period of t, Δt is the unit time, is the utility time after investment and construction, C G,T,t It represents the cost required to construct transmission and distribution facilities per unit capacity. Indicates the operating life of the constructed power transmission and distribution facilities; is the equipment protection benefit, expressed as: R life The benefit of extending equipment life is expressed as: R main The maintenance cost reduction benefit is expressed as: C replace is the equipment replacement cost, T life is the expected life of the equipment, T extend Extended life time for all regions balanced service within one year, Q balance To balance the electricity consumption of all regions in a year, C main is the maintenance cost of the equipment, N reduce The number of maintenance times per year is reduced; is the financial return, expressed as: ε int is the investment interest rate.

10. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that: The social benefits are Calculated, where R soc For social benefits, The benefits of improving regional power grid reliability under resource interaction are expressed as: In order to save land resources, the benefits are expressed as: P t max and P t min They are the upper and lower limits of power adjustment for period t, and are the average utilization capacity factors of the upward and downward reserve capacity of the regional power grid during period t, T t outage is the average power outage time during period t, is the output value of unit electricity generated in period t, S G () is the land area function required for the construction of a traditional unit of unit capacity, C G is the value per unit land area, T land The duration of the utility of the purchased land.

11. The cost-benefit evaluation method for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that: The environmental benefits are achieved through Calculated, where R env For environmental benefits, is the clean power generation substitution benefit, expressed as: is the clean energy substitution benefit, expressed as: P t,n represents the capacity of the nth type of power generation resource replaced by the resource in period t, e m,n is the emission level of the mth pollutant corresponding to the unit capacity of the nth type of power generation resources, w renew is the average capacity ratio of renewable energy, is the treatment cost per unit of the mth pollutant, e m,u is the emission level of the mth pollutant corresponding to the unit consumption of the uth type of fossil energy, is the capacity of the uth type of fossil energy replaced in period t, is the additional electricity consumption due to regional balancing services during period t, e m is the emission level of the mth pollutant corresponding to unit electricity consumption.

12. A cost-benefit evaluation device for regional balancing services of a virtual power plant, characterized in that: include: The quantification module is used to quantify the regulation behavior of resources participating in the regional balancing service and obtain quantitative indicators; The quantization module comprises: The first unit is used to use the difference between the output power of the resource after receiving the instruction and the originally planned output power as a quantitative index for adjusting the power; The second unit is used to use the change in unidirectional output power per unit time of the individual resource as a quantitative indicator of the regulation rate; The third unit is used to use the cumulative value of the adjustment power in the adjustment period over time as a quantitative indicator of the adjustment mileage; The fourth unit is used to use the time from when the virtual power plant issues an adjustment command to when the output power of the internal resources of the virtual power plant changes in the direction of the command to exceed the threshold as a quantitative indicator of the response time; A fifth unit is used to use the time from when the output power of the resource meets the regulation instruction requirement to when the output power of the resource does not meet the regulation instruction requirement as a quantitative indicator of duration; The sixth unit is used to use the deviation rate between the actual regulated power and the declared regulated power during the regulation period as an indicator of regulation accuracy; The seventh unit is used to use the ratio of the actual regulated power of resources to the declared regulated power during the regulation period as an indicator of the regulation execution rate; The cost calculation module is used to calculate the marginal cost of a single adjustment behavior when the resource participates in the regional balancing service based on the quantitative index; the marginal cost calculation unit is used to calculate the marginal cost of the resource. Calculate marginal cost, where C M is the marginal cost, P t To adjust the power for the period t, ΔP t To adjust the power change, C(P t ) is the adjustment power P t The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost, C(P t +ΔP t ) is the adjustment power P t +ΔP t The sum of investment cost, maintenance cost, power regulation cost, carbon emission cost and transaction cost The benefit calculation module is used to calculate the marginal benefit of the resource participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side based on the quantitative index; the marginal benefit calculation unit is used to calculate the marginal benefit of the resource participating in the regional balancing service on the grid side based on the quantitative index; Calculate the marginal benefit, where R M is the marginal benefit, R(P t ) is the adjustment power P t The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits when t +ΔP t ) is the adjustment power P t +ΔP t The weighted sum of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits at the time of implementation; A module is established for establishing a cost-benefit range for resource participation in regional balancing services based on the marginal cost and marginal benefit as a quotation range.

13. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method for cost-benefit evaluation of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant as described in any one of claims 1-11.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for cost-benefit evaluation of regional balancing services of a virtual power plant as described in any one of claims 1-11 are implemented.

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