Kit for promoting developmental myelination

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kit of nutrient blend compositions for young individuals, in particular children between 0 and 66 months of age, each of these compositions having age-specific ingredients. The kit of nutrient blend compositions is particularly intended to promote myelination of a targeted brain region, in particular of the social brain, of children at a specific age and brain development stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to nutritional compositions for young individuals, in particular children between the ages of 0 and 66 months. In particular, the present invention provides a set of nutritional blend compositions for children, each of which has age-specific ingredients. The set of nutritional blend compositions is particularly intended to promote myelination of target brain regions, in particular the social brain, in children of specific ages and brain development stages. Background Art

[0002] Brain development occurs during the maturation process of a child and is most critical during early childhood. It places very high demands on the supply of key nutrients in the child. Failure to meet these nutrient requirements during this critical period can lead to suboptimal neurodevelopment, especially suboptimal brain development.

[0003] A neurodevelopmental process that plays a key role in brain development and has been shown to be influenced by trophic factors is myelination, the process by which bare axons are encased in myelin. During brain development, this process, and particularly the trajectory that follows, plays a key role in determining brain structure and brain connectivity, particularly the amount, temporal distribution, and / or spatial distribution of myelinated material throughout the brain.

[0004] The correlation of brain structure and brain connection, especially the amount, time and / or spatial distribution of myelinated material of the whole social brain has been well documented. In essence, the myelin sheath in the brain provides an insulating sheath along the axons of neurons, thereby allowing nerve impulses to be conducted much faster. However, brain structure and brain connection, especially the amount, time and / or spatial distribution of myelin sheaths of the whole brain affect brain connection, for example, by what pathway and how to quickly and efficiently transmit messages in the form of nerve impulses in the brain, and particularly between different brain regions. This inter-brain communication can especially play a key role in social-emotional skills, performance and development, because they are coordinated in the brain by multiple brain regions (called the social brain), and these multiple brain regions must efficiently communicate with each other to perceive, process and act on social, emotional and social-emotional stimuli.

[0005] Conditions and diseases associated with impaired myelination are well disclosed in the prior art:

[0006]

[0007]

[0008]

[0009] While nutrient recommendations are often made for overall health and development, very limited longitudinal data exist for brain benefits during development.

[0010] The effects of some nutrients and their compositions on promoting overall brain myelination in children are known. Nutrient compositions and infant formula foods that promote overall brain myelination are described in patent documents WO2017102710, WO2017102712, WO2017102714, WO2017102715, WO2017102717, WO2017102718, WO2017102719, WO2017102720, WO2017102721, WO2017102722, WO2017102723, WO2017102724, WO2017102725, WO2017102726, WO2017102727, WO2017102728, WO2017102729, WO2017102730, WO2017102731 The present invention is described in WO2017167415, WO2017167416, WO2017167417, WO2017167419, WO2017167420, WO2017167895, WO2017167896, WO2017167897, WO2017167898, and WO2017167899.

[0011] However, recent studies (Schneider et al., Child Development: 2022: 93: 359-371) reveal that changes in myelination (specifically the amount of myelin) in specific brain regions, particularly in the social brain, are associated with socio-emotional development during brain development at different ages.

[0012] Therefore, there is a need to identify nutrients necessary to promote age-dependent brain development, more particularly myelination, of target brain regions, particularly the social brain.

[0013] Additionally, there is a need to provide age- and brain-stage appropriate nutritional compositions having age-specific ingredients for promoting myelination of target brain regions, particularly the social brain, in children at different developmental stages of the child.

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide an optimal nutrient blend composition with age-specific ingredients to promote myelination of targeted brain areas, particularly the social brain, in young individuals, particularly children of a specific age. Summary of the invention

[0015] This object is achieved by the independent claims.

[0016] The dependent claims further develop the central idea of ​​the invention.

[0017] The inventors have discovered that, at different ages of child development, brain regions associated with social-emotional development are sensitive to intake of different age-specific and stage-specific nutrients that promote myelination in these regions, whereas those specific brain regions are insensitive to other nutrients.

[0018] Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a kit of age-tailored nutritional blend compositions for sequential administration to young individuals for promoting myelination in target brain regions, the kit comprising at least two of the following compositions:

[0019] a) a nutrient blend composition A for administration to young individuals aged 0 to 20 months, the nutrient blend composition A comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, vitamin A, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, 3'-SL, alanine, cystine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine;

[0020] b) a nutrient blend composition B for administration to young individuals aged 20 to 30 months, the nutrient blend composition B comprising at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, octadecatetraenoic acid, oligofructose, 6'-SL, stearidonic acid, β-cryptoxanthin, α-lactalbumin, ganglioside, phosphatidylinositol, 3'-SL, eicosatetraenoic acid;

[0021] c) A nutrient blend composition C for administration to young individuals aged 30 to 66 months, the nutrient blend composition C comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, alpha carotene, folic acid, alpha lactalbumin, gangliosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, DPA, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, alpha tocopherol, stearatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, phosphorus, phosphatidylserine.

[0022] The present invention also provides a kit of age-tailored nutrient blend compositions for sequential administration to young individuals for promoting myelination in a target brain region, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain.

[0023] In another aspect, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein the young individual is a human, a pet, an infant, a toddler or a child.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for promoting brain myelination in a target brain region of a young individual, the method comprising sequentially administering the kit as described above to the young individual.

[0025] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a phased feeding regimen for young individuals, the phased feeding regimen comprising the steps of:

[0026] a) administering composition A as described above at an age of 0 to 20 months,

[0027] b) administering composition B as described above at an age of 20 to 30 months,

[0028] c) administering composition C as described above at 30 to 66 months of age.

[0029] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a phased feeding regimen as described above for promoting myelination in a target brain region.

[0030] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a phased feeding regimen as described above for promoting myelination in a target brain region.

[0031] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a phased feeding regimen as described above, wherein the target brain area is at least one area of ​​the social brain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The association between non-target nutrients and brain myelination is shown.

[0033] Figure 2 Random forest predictions for the test set of non-target nutrients at different ages are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] For a fuller understanding of the present invention and its advantages, reference is made to the following detailed description of the invention.

[0035] definition

[0036] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings.

[0037] In the context of the present invention, the term "nutrient" or "multiple nutrients" is intended to include both macronutrients (such as carbohydrates, proteins or fats) and micronutrients (such as minerals or vitamins) for the human body and their components (such as fatty acids, amino acids).

[0038] In the context of the present invention, the expression "nutritional composition" refers to a composition for nourishing a subject. The nutritional composition is usually taken enterally, orally, parenterally or intravenously. Preferably, the nutritional composition is for oral use.

[0039] Furthermore, a "nutritional composition" may refer to a liquid, powder, gel, paste, solid, concentrate, suspension or ready-to-use enteral formula, oral formula, infant formula, formula for pediatric subjects, children's formula, growing-up milk and / or adult formula, porridge and / or infant cereal, baby food, pet food.

[0040] The term "sequentially" means that the compositions of the kit are administered in a continuous manner, such that composition A of the kit is administered at a first age period and / or brain stage without administration of compositions B and / or C, composition B is administered at a second age period and / or brain stage (after the first age period) without administration of compositions A and / or C, and composition C is administered at a third age period and / or brain stage (after the first age period and the second age period) without administration of compositions A and / or B.

[0041] The term "social brain" refers to areas of the brain associated with social-emotional skills, performance, or development such as: understanding and interacting with others; experiencing, managing, and expressing a range of positive and negative emotions; forming close, satisfying relationships with others, including emotional skills, social skills, social competence, social aspects of executive functioning, well-being, positive mood, social cognition, social communication, social decision-making, self-regulation, compliance, adaptive functioning, emotion, social communication, interaction, and autonomy.

[0042] Social brain regions can be selected from any of the following: superior temporal sulcus (STS), involved in identifying others; anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), involved in emotion and response selectivity; medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), involved in self-mapping; temporoparietal junction (TPJ), involved in understanding oneself and others and thinking about mental states; anterior insula, amygdala, both of which are specialized emotion areas; posterior cingulate cortex, insula, orbital frontal cortex, middle frontal cortex, rostral middle frontal cortex, precuneus, and superior temporal cortex.

[0043] The term "young individuals" includes, but is not limited to, mice, monkeys, humans, animals and pets.

[0044] A human "young individual" is a child between the ages of 0 and 66 months.

[0045] The term "pet" means any animal that can benefit from or enjoy the compositions provided by the present disclosure. For example, the pet can be an avian, bovine, canine, equine, feline, caprine, wolf, murine, ovine, or porcine animal, but the pet can also be any suitable animal.

[0046] The term "infant" means a child under the age of 12 months. The term infant includes infants born at full term or infants born prematurely.

[0047] The expression "infant" refers to a child between the ages of one and three years old, also known as a toddler.

[0048] The expression "child" means a child between the ages of one and six years old and includes toddlers and preschoolers.

[0049] In the context of the present invention, the term "facilitates" refers to a factor or factors that cause a certain process to occur.

[0050] In addition, in the context of the present invention, the term "comprising" or "including" does not exclude other possible elements. The composition of the present invention (including the various embodiments described herein) may comprise, consist of or consist essentially of the following elements: the basic elements and necessary limitations of the present invention described herein, and any additional or optional ingredients, components or limitations described herein or as required.

[0051] In the context of the present invention, the term "ingredient" or "ingredients" refers to an edible substance or mixture of substances, which contains or essentially consists of a nutritional substance for the human body.

[0052] As used herein, "about" should be understood to refer to a number within a certain numerical range, such as a range of -10% to +10% of the referenced number, within a range of -5% to +5% of the referenced number, or in one aspect within a range of -1% to +1% of the referenced number, and in a specific aspect within a range of -0.1% to +0.1% of the referenced number. In addition, all numerical ranges herein should be understood to include all integers or fractions within the range. In addition, these numerical ranges should be understood to provide support for claims involving any number or subset of numbers within the range. For example, a disclosure of 1 to 10 should be understood to support ranges of 1 to 8, 3 to 7, 1 to 9, 3.6 to 4.6, 3.5 to 9.9, etc.

[0053] As used herein, the term "liquid" refers to any liquid into which the powder of the composition can be dispersed into a beverage (eg, water, juice, milk, etc.) to provide a palatable nutrient liquid for oral administration.

[0054] As used herein, the terms "in particular" or "more particularly" should not be seen as limiting, but should be interpreted as being synonymous with "for example" or "especially".

[0055] As used herein, the term "fructose oligosaccharide" refers to fructose oligomers.

[0056] "Alpha lactalbumin" refers to a high-quality, easily digestible whey protein which accounts for 20%-25% of the total human breast milk (HBM) protein and is the main protein present in HBM. The structure of alpha lactalbumin consists of 123 amino acids and 4 disulfide bonds, and the protein has a molecular weight of 14.2K Daltons. Since alpha lactalbumin has a high content of essential amino acids, especially tryptophan, it is an ideal choice for low-protein infant formulas. According to the present invention, alpha lactalbumin also represents a source of sphingomyelin.

[0057] As used herein, the term "ganglioside" indicates an oligosaccharidylceramide lipid molecule comprising the residue of ceramide. When the term ganglioside is used in the present specification, it may identify a single ganglioside species as well as a mixture of single ganglioside species comprising the residue of ceramide.

[0058] The term "sphingomyelin" indicates a lipid molecule in which the sphingosine backbone is acylated by a fatty acid residue at an amino group (-NH2), and in which the hydroxyl group at position 1 of the sphingosine backbone is linked to a phospho-choline or phospho-ethanolamine group. When the term sphingomyelin is used in this specification, it may refer to a single sphingomyelin substance as well as a mixture of a single sphingomyelin substance, wherein the preferred fatty acid residue is a residue of a C14 to C44 fatty acid, non-limiting examples of which include C14 to C44 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, and non-limiting examples of C14 to C44 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids from which the fatty acid residue can be derived include: C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C21:0, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1, C25:0, C28:1, C30:2, C30:1, C30:0, C 32:3, C32:2, C32:l, C32:0, C33:l, C34:3, C34:2, C34:l, C34:0, C35:2, C35:0, C36:4, C36:3, C36:2, C36:l, C36:0, C37:l, C37:0, C38: 4. C38:3, C38:l, C38:0, C39:l, C39:0, C40:2, C40:l, C40:0, C41:2, C41:l, C41:0, C42:47, C42:3, C42:2, C42:l, C42:0, C44:3, C44:l. More preferably, the fatty acid residue is a residue of a C16, C18, C20, C22 or C24 saturated fatty acid.

[0059] In the context of the present invention, the term "DHA" identifies docosahexaenoic acid. In the context of the present invention, the term "DHA" shall be intended to identify all DHA present in the nutritional composition of the present invention, either in free form (as its fatty acids or physiologically acceptable salts) or contained in a fatty acid derivative structure.

[0060] In the context of the present invention, the term "ARA" identifies arachidonic acid. In the context of the present invention, the term "ARA" should be intended to identify all ARA present in the nutritional composition of the present invention, either in free form (as its fatty acid or physiologically acceptable salt) or contained in a fatty acid derivative structure.

[0061] In the context of the present invention, the term "DPA" identifies docosapentaenoic acid.

[0062] In the context of the present invention, the term "phosphatidylinositol" denotes a compound of the formula:

[0063]

[0064] wherein R8 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, and

[0065] R9 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group.

[0066] More particularly, R8 and R9 are independently of one another a C13 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C44 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue, and even more particularly, R8 and R9 are independently of one another a C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue.

[0067] More particularly, R8 and R9 are C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl groups, which together with their adjacent carbonyl groups are C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residues, wherein the fatty acid from which the fatty acid residues are derived is selected from: C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C20:3, C20:4, C21:0, C22:0, C23:0, C24:0, C18:ln-9, C18:2n-6 and C24:ln-9. Even more particularly C18:0, C18:ln-9, C18:2, C20:3 and C20:4.

[0068] In the context of the present invention, the term "phosphatidylethanolamine" denotes a compound of the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] wherein R12 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, and

[0071] R13 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group.

[0072] More particularly, R12 and R13 are independently of one another a C13 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C44 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue, and even more particularly, R12 and R13 are independently of one another a C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue.

[0073] In the context of the present invention, the term "phosphatidylcholine" identifies a compound of the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] wherein R16 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, and

[0076] R17 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group.

[0077] More particularly, R16 and R17 are independently of one another a C13 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C44 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue, and even more particularly, R16 and R17 are independently of one another a C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue.

[0078] More particularly, R16 and R17 are C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl groups, which together with their adjacent carbonyl groups are C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residues, wherein the fatty acid from which the fatty acid residue is derived is selected from: C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C16:l, C18:0, C20:0, C20:l, C20:3, C20:4, C21:0, C22:0, C22:6, C23:0, C24:0, C18:ln-9, C18:2n-6 and C24:ln-9.

[0079] Even more particularly C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:ln-9, C18:2n-6, C20:l, C20:3, C20:4 and C22:6.

[0080] In the context of the present invention, the term "phosphatidylserine" denotes a compound of the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] wherein R10 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, and

[0083] R11 is a C2 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group.

[0084] More particularly, R10 and R11 are independently of one another a C13 to C43 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C44 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue, and even more particularly, R10 and R11 are independently of one another a C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl group, which together with its adjacent carbonyl group corresponds to a C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue.

[0085] More particularly, R10 and R11 are C13 to C23 branched or unbranched acyclic alkyl or acyclic alkenyl groups, which together with their adjacent carbonyl groups are C14 to C24 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residues, wherein the fatty acid from which the fatty acid residue is derived is selected from: C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C20:3, C20:4, C21:0, C22:0, C23:0, C24:0, C18:ln-9, C18:2n-6 and C24:ln-9. Even more particularly C18:0, C18:ln-9, C20:4 and C22:6.

[0086] In the context of the present invention, the term "3'SL" identifies 3'-sialyllactose.

[0087] In the context of the present invention, the term "6'SL" identifies 6'-sialyllactose.

[0088] Both 3'SL and 6'SL are human milk oligosaccharides that can be used to promote neural development, especially myelination.

[0089] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0090] Now the invention will be described in more detail. It should be noted that the various aspects, features, embodiments and implementations described in this application can be compatible and / or can be combined together.

[0091] Kit of nutrient blend compositions

[0092] The inventors examined the structural changes associated with myelination in the social brain of children and the relationship with changes in social-emotional development, and identified age-appropriate / brain-stage nutrient blend compositions in social-emotional development, one of the main areas of healthy child development. Children develop increasingly complex social-emotional skills from birth along with developmental tasks and milestones in key areas such as social competence, attachment, emotional competence, self-perception, and temperament / personality (Schneider et al., Child Development: 2022: 93: 359-371). Social-emotional (SE) development in early childhood broadly describes the emerging ability of children to experience, control, and express feelings while establishing close and secure interpersonal relationships, all in the context of family, social, and cultural expectations (Metwally et al., PloS one: 2016; 11 (7), e0158086).

[0093] The inventors have found that at different ages of a child's development, brain regions associated with social-emotional development are sensitive to the intake of different age-specific and stage-specific nutrients that promote myelination in those regions, and therefore, those specific brain regions are insensitive to other nutrients. Therefore, administering some nutrients known in the prior art to promote overall brain myelination during the "non-sensitive" stage may have no effect or even have a negative effect on promoting myelination in target brain regions, particularly social brain regions associated with social-emotional development, which has not been considered in the prior art.

[0094] The inventors surprisingly identified three myelin-nutrient windows within the age range of 1 to 5 years of age in children: Window 1 is 0-20 months, particularly 6 to 20 months; Window 2 is 20 to 30 months, and Window 3 is 30 to 66 months, particularly 30 to 60 months. These myelin-nutrient windows are consistent with the reported myelin and connection dynamics, i.e., a change from a rapid and dramatic increase in myelination (Window 1) to a continuous but slower increase in myelination (Window 3) in the first five years, with the intermediate Window 2 representing a transition period.

[0095] The inventors have identified age-appropriate targeted nutrients for each of the mentioned key stages of brain development. The sequential administration of nutrient blends, each of which is tailored to be delivered at a specific stage of brain development, has the advantage of delivering nutrients that will efficiently promote myelination of targeted specific brain regions, and particularly social brain regions associated with socio-emotional development, consistent with the dynamic needs of brain development.

[0096] Thus, the present invention relates in a first embodiment to a kit of age-tailored nutritional blend compositions for sequential administration to young individuals for promoting myelination of target brain regions, the kit comprising at least two of the following compositions:

[0097] a) a nutrient blend composition A for administration to young individuals aged 0 to 20 months, the nutrient blend composition A comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, vitamin A, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, 3'-SL, alanine, cystine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine;

[0098] b) a nutrient blend composition B for administration to young individuals aged 20 to 30 months, the nutrient blend composition B comprising at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, octadecatetraenoic acid, oligofructose, 6'-SL, stearatetraenoic acid, β-cryptoxanthin, α-lactalbumin, ganglioside, phosphatidylinositol, 3'-SL, eicosatetraenoic acid;

[0099] c) A nutrient blend composition C for administration to young individuals aged 30 to 66 months, the nutrient blend composition C comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, alpha carotene, folic acid, alpha lactalbumin, gangliosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, DPA, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, alpha tocopherol, stearatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, phosphorus, phosphatidylserine.

[0100] In one embodiment the invention relates to a kit of age-tailored nutrient blend compositions for sequential administration to young individuals for promoting myelination of target brain regions, the kit comprising at least two of the following compositions:

[0101] a) a nutrient blend composition A for administration to young individuals aged 0 to 20 months, the nutrient blend composition A comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, vitamin A, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, 3'-SL, alanine, cystine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine;

[0102] b) a nutrient blend composition B for administration to young individuals aged 20 to 30 months, the nutrient blend composition B comprising at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, stearidonic acid, oligofructose, 6'-SL, stearatetraenoic acid, β-cryptoxanthin, α-lactalbumin, ganglioside, phosphatidylinositol, 3'-SL;

[0103] c) A nutrient blend composition C for administration to young individuals aged 30 to 66 months, the nutrient blend composition C comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, alpha carotene, folic acid, alpha lactalbumin, gangliosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, DPA, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine.

[0104] In one embodiment of the invention, the nutritional blend composition A is administered to young individuals between 6 and 20 months of age. In another embodiment, the nutritional blend composition C is administered to young individuals between 30 and 60 months of age.

[0105] In another embodiment the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein:

[0106] a) administering the nutrient blend composition A to a young individual aged 6 to 20 months;

[0107] b) administering the nutrient blend composition B to a young individual aged 20 to 30 months;

[0108] c) administering the nutrient blend composition C to young individuals between 30 and 60 months of age.

[0109] In another embodiment the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein:

[0110] a) administering nutrient blend composition A to a young individual at a stage of brain development when there is a rapid and dramatic increase in myelination (window 1);

[0111] b) administering the nutrient blend composition B to a young individual at a stage of brain development that represents a transition period for myelination (window 2);

[0112] c) Administering nutrient blend composition C to young individuals at a stage of brain development where there is a continuous but slower increase in myelination (Window 3).

[0113] In one embodiment the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein:

[0114] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and leucine.

[0115] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, stearidonic acid, oligofructose, and 6'-SL.

[0116] c) The composition C comprises at least three components selected from the group consisting of DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine.

[0117] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0118] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0119] - vitamin B1 in a daily amount of at least about 0.8 mg;

[0120] - vitamin B2 in a daily amount of at least about 1 mg;

[0121] - a daily amount of at least about 0.9 mg of vitamin B6;

[0122] - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of zinc;

[0123] - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of iron;

[0124] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 mg of copper;

[0125] - a daily amount of at least about 0.2 g of histidine;

[0126] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of isoleucine;

[0127] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of lysine;

[0128] - a daily amount of at least 0.6 g of leucine;

[0129] - a daily amount of at least about 400 μg of vitamin A;

[0130] - a daily amount of at least about 168 μg of folate;

[0131] - a daily amount of at least about 143 mg of magnesium;

[0132] - a daily amount of at least about 688 mg of phosphorus;

[0133] - a daily amount of at least about 1267 mg of potassium;

[0134] - a daily amount of at least about 51 μg of selenium;

[0135] - a daily amount of at least about 4 mg of 3'-SL;

[0136] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of alanine;

[0137] - a daily amount of at least about 0.07 g of cystine;

[0138] - a daily amount of at least about 2 g of glutamate;

[0139] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of phenylalanine;

[0140] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of proline;

[0141] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of serine;

[0142] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of threonine;

[0143] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of tyrosine; and

[0144] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of valine;

[0145] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0146] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of DPA;

[0147] - a daily amount of at least about 0.06 g of ARA;

[0148] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0149] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0150] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearidonic acid;

[0151] - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of oligofructose;

[0152] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of 6'-SL;

[0153] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearate;

[0154] - a daily amount of at least about 93 mg of beta cryptoxanthin;

[0155] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 mg of alpha lactalbumin;

[0156] - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of gangliosides;

[0157] - a daily amount of at least about 4 mg of phosphatidylinositol; and

[0158] - a daily amount of at least about 16 mg of 3'-SL;

[0159] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of eicosatetraenoic acid;

[0160] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0161] - a daily amount of at least about 0.01 g of DHA;

[0162] - a daily amount of at least about 5 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0163] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0164] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of histidine;

[0165] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of isoleucine;

[0166] - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of leucine;

[0167] - a daily amount of at least about 0.7 g of valine;

[0168] - a daily amount of at least about 214 mg of alpha carotene;

[0169] - a daily amount of at least about 251 μg of folate;

[0170] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 mg of alpha lactalbumin;

[0171] - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of gangliosides;

[0172] - a daily amount of at least about 0.01 g of phosphatidylinositol;

[0173] - a daily amount of at least about 0.05 g of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0174] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of eicosenoic acid;

[0175] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearate;

[0176] - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of DPA;

[0177] - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of 3'-SL;

[0178] - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of 6'SL;

[0179] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of alanine;

[0180] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of arginine;

[0181] - aspartic acid in a daily amount of at least about 1 g;

[0182] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of cystine;

[0183] - a daily amount of at least about 2 g of glutamate;

[0184] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of glycine;

[0185] - a daily amount of at least about 0.7 g of lysine;

[0186] - a daily amount of at least about 0.2 g of methionine;

[0187] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of phenylalanine;

[0188] - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of proline;

[0189] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of serine;

[0190] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of threonine;

[0191] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of tryptophan;

[0192] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of tyrosine;

[0193] - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of alpha tocopherol;

[0194] - a daily amount of at least about 6.8 mg of stearidonic acid;

[0195] - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid;

[0196] - a daily amount of at least about 894 mg of phosphorus;

[0197] - A daily amount of at least about 18 mg of phosphatidylserine.

[0198] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0199] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0200] - vitamin B1 in a daily amount of at least about 0.8 mg;

[0201] - vitamin B2 in a daily amount of at least about 1 mg;

[0202] - a daily amount of at least about 0.9 mg of vitamin B6;

[0203] - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of zinc;

[0204] - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of iron;

[0205] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 mg of copper;

[0206] - a daily amount of at least about 0.2 g of histidine;

[0207] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of isoleucine;

[0208] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of lysine;

[0209] - a daily amount of at least 0.6 g of leucine;

[0210] - a daily amount of at least about 400 μg of vitamin A;

[0211] - a daily amount of at least about 168 μg of folate;

[0212] - a daily amount of at least about 143 mg of magnesium;

[0213] - a daily amount of at least about 731 mg of phosphorus;

[0214] - a daily amount of at least about 1267 mg of potassium;

[0215] - a daily amount of at least about 51 mg of selenium;

[0216] - a daily amount of at least about 4 mg of 3'-SL;

[0217] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of alanine;

[0218] - a daily amount of at least about 0.07 g of cystine;

[0219] - a daily amount of at least about 2 g of glutamate;

[0220] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of phenylalanine;

[0221] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of proline;

[0222] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of serine;

[0223] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of threonine;

[0224] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of tyrosine; and

[0225] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of valine;

[0226] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0227] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of DPA;

[0228] - a daily amount of at least about 0.06 g of ARA;

[0229] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0230] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0231] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearidonic acid;

[0232] - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of oligofructose;

[0233] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of 6'-SL;

[0234] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearate;

[0235] - a daily amount of at least about 93 mg of beta cryptoxanthin;

[0236] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 mg of alpha lactalbumin;

[0237] - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of gangliosides;

[0238] - a daily amount of at least about 4 mg of phosphatidylinositol; and

[0239] - a daily amount of at least about 16 mg of 3'-SL;

[0240] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0241] - a daily amount of at least about 0.01 g of DHA;

[0242] - a daily amount of at least about 5 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0243] - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0244] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of histidine;

[0245] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of isoleucine;

[0246] - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of leucine;

[0247] - a daily amount of at least about 0.7 g of valine;

[0248] - a daily amount of at least about 214 mg of alpha carotene;

[0249] - a daily amount of at least about 251 μg of folate;

[0250] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 mg of alpha lactalbumin;

[0251] - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of gangliosides;

[0252] - a daily amount of at least about 0.01 g of phosphatidylinositol;

[0253] - a daily amount of at least about 0.05 g of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0254] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of eicosenoic acid;

[0255] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearate;

[0256] - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of DPA;

[0257] - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of 3'-SL;

[0258] - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of 6'SL;

[0259] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of alanine;

[0260] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of arginine;

[0261] - aspartic acid in a daily amount of at least about 1 g;

[0262] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of cystine;

[0263] - a daily amount of at least about 2 g of glutamate;

[0264] - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of glycine;

[0265] - a daily amount of at least about 0.7 g of lysine;

[0266] - a daily amount of at least about 0.2 g of methionine;

[0267] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of phenylalanine;

[0268] - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of proline;

[0269] - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of serine;

[0270] - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of threonine;

[0271] - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of tryptophan; and

[0272] - A daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of tyrosine.

[0273] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0274] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0275] - vitamin B1 in a daily amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 2 mg;

[0276] - vitamin B2 in a daily amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 3 mg;

[0277] - vitamin B6 in a daily amount ranging from about 0.9 mg to about 5 mg;

[0278] - daily amounts ranging from about 6 mg to about 13 mg of zinc;

[0279] - daily amounts ranging from about 8 mg to about 29 mg of iron;

[0280] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 1.1 mg of copper;

[0281] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g of histidine;

[0282] - isoleucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g;

[0283] - lysine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 3 g;

[0284] - leucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 4 g;

[0285] - Vitamin A in a daily amount ranging from about 400 μg to about 2600 μg;

[0286] - daily amounts ranging from about 168 μg to about 460 μg of folate;

[0287] - magnesium in a daily amount ranging from about 143 mg to about 369 mg;

[0288] - a daily amount ranging from about 688 mg to about 1687 mg of phosphorus;

[0289] - Potassium in a daily amount ranging from about 1267 mg to about 4085 mg;

[0290] - daily amounts ranging from about 51 μg to about 150 μg of selenium;

[0291] - daily amounts ranging from about 4 mg to about 68 mg of 3'-SL;

[0292] - alanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g;

[0293] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.07 g to about 0.4 g of cystine;

[0294] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 g to about 10 g of glutamate;

[0295] - phenylalanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g;

[0296] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 g to about 3 g of proline;

[0297] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g of serine;

[0298] - a daily amount of threonine ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g;

[0299] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g of tyrosine; and

[0300] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g of valine;

[0301] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0302] - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 53 mg of DPA;

[0303] - ARA in a daily amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g;

[0304] - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 55 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0305] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 5 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0306] - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 33 mg of stearidonic acid;

[0307] - oligofructose in a daily amount ranging from about 1 g to about 7 g;

[0308] - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 23 mg of 6'-SL;

[0309] - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 41 mg of stearate;

[0310] - beta cryptoxanthin in a daily amount ranging from about 93 mg to about 484 mg;

[0311] - alpha lactalbumin in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 mg to about 1 mg;

[0312] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 mg to about 15 mg of gangliosides;

[0313] - a daily amount ranging from about 4 mg to about 59 mg of phosphatidylinositol; and

[0314] - daily amounts ranging from about 16 mg to about 113 mg of 3'-SL;

[0315] - eicosatetraenoic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.3 g;

[0316] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0317] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.3 g of DHA;

[0318] - daily amounts ranging from about 5 mg to about 96 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0319] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.4 g to about 4 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0320] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 1 g of histidine;

[0321] - isoleucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0322] - a daily amount of leucine ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g;

[0323] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g of valine;

[0324] - alpha carotene in a daily amount ranging from about 214 mg to about 2087 mg;

[0325] - daily amounts ranging from about 251 μg to about 400 μg of folate;

[0326] - alpha lactalbumin in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 1 mg;

[0327] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 mg to about 16 mg of gangliosides;

[0328] - phosphatidylinositol in a daily amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g;

[0329] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.05 g to about 0.9 g of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0330] - eicosenoic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.5 g;

[0331] - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 70 mg of stearate;

[0332] - a daily amount ranging from about 8 mg to about 46 mg of DPA;

[0333] - Daily amounts ranging from 6 mg to about 102 mg of 3'-SL;

[0334] - a daily amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 21 mg of 6'SL;

[0335] - alanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0336] - arginine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0337] - aspartic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g;

[0338] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g of cystine;

[0339] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 g to about 11 g of glutamate;

[0340] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g of glycine;

[0341] - lysine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g;

[0342] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g of methionine;

[0343] - phenylalanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g;

[0344] - daily amounts ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g of proline;

[0345] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g of serine;

[0346] - a daily amount of threonine ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0347] - a daily amount of tryptophan ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g;

[0348] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g of tyrosine;

[0349] - alpha tocopherol in a daily amount ranging from about 6 mg to about 18 mg;

[0350] - a daily amount ranging from about 6.8 mg to about 56 mg of stearidonic acid;

[0351] - daily amounts ranging from about 8 mg to about 127 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid;

[0352] - a daily amount ranging from about 894 mg to about 1475 mg of phosphorus;

[0353] - Daily amounts ranging from about 18 mg to about 294 mg of phosphatidylserine.

[0354] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0355] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0356] - vitamin B1 in a daily amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 2 mg;

[0357] - vitamin B2 in a daily amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 3 mg;

[0358] - vitamin B6 in a daily amount ranging from about 0.9 mg to about 5 mg;

[0359] - daily amounts ranging from about 6 mg to about 7.5 mg of zinc;

[0360] - daily amounts ranging from about 8 mg to about 29 mg of iron;

[0361] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 1 mg of copper;

[0362] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g of histidine;

[0363] - isoleucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g;

[0364] - lysine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 3 g;

[0365] - leucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 4 g;

[0366] - Vitamin A in a daily amount ranging from about 400 μg to about 900 μg;

[0367] - daily amounts ranging from about 168 μg to about 300 μg of folate;

[0368] - magnesium in a daily amount ranging from about 143 mg to about 369 mg;

[0369] - phosphorus in a daily amount ranging from about 731 mg to about 1687 mg;

[0370] - Potassium in a daily amount ranging from about 1267 mg to about 4085 mg;

[0371] - daily amounts ranging from about 51 mg to about 90 mg of selenium;

[0372] - daily amounts ranging from about 4 mg to about 68 mg of 3'-SL;

[0373] - alanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g;

[0374] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.07 g to about 0.4 g of cystine;

[0375] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 g to about 10 g of glutamate;

[0376] - phenylalanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g;

[0377] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 g to about 3 g of proline;

[0378] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g of serine;

[0379] - a daily amount of threonine ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g;

[0380] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g of tyrosine; and

[0381] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g of valine;

[0382] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0383] - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 53 mg of DPA;

[0384] - ARA in a daily amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g;

[0385] - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 55 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0386] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 5 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0387] - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 33 mg of stearidonic acid;

[0388] - oligofructose in a daily amount ranging from about 1 g to about 7 g;

[0389] - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 23 mg of 6'-SL;

[0390] - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 41 mg of stearate;

[0391] - beta cryptoxanthin in a daily amount ranging from about 93 mg to about 484 mg;

[0392] - alpha lactalbumin in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 mg to about 1 mg;

[0393] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 mg to about 15 mg of gangliosides;

[0394] - a daily amount ranging from about 4 mg to about 59 mg of phosphatidylinositol; and

[0395] - daily amounts ranging from about 16 mg to about 113 mg of 3'-SL;

[0396] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0397] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.3 g of DHA;

[0398] - daily amounts ranging from about 5 mg to about 96 mg of sphingomyelin;

[0399] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.4 g to about 4 g of phosphatidylcholine;

[0400] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 1 g of histidine;

[0401] - isoleucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0402] - a daily amount of leucine ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g;

[0403] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g of valine;

[0404] - alpha carotene in a daily amount ranging from about 214 mg to about 2087 mg;

[0405] - daily amounts ranging from about 251 μg to about 400 μg of folate;

[0406] - alpha lactalbumin in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 1 mg;

[0407] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 mg to about 16 mg of gangliosides;

[0408] - phosphatidylinositol in a daily amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g;

[0409] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.05 g to about 0.9 g of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0410] - eicosenoic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.36 g;

[0411] - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 70 mg of stearate;

[0412] - a daily amount ranging from about 8 mg to about 46 mg of DPA;

[0413] - Daily amounts ranging from 6 mg to about 102 mg of 3'-SL;

[0414] - a daily amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 21 mg of 6'SL;

[0415] - alanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0416] - arginine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0417] - aspartic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g;

[0418] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g of cystine;

[0419] - daily amounts ranging from about 2 g to about 11 g of glutamate;

[0420] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g of glycine;

[0421] - lysine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g;

[0422] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g of methionine;

[0423] - phenylalanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g;

[0424] - daily amounts ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g of proline;

[0425] - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g of serine;

[0426] - a daily amount of threonine ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g;

[0427] - a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g of tryptophan; and

[0428] - Daily amounts ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g of tyrosine.

[0429] In one embodiment the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0430] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0431] - Vitamin B1 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0432] - Vitamin B2 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0433] - Vitamin B6 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0434] - zinc in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0435] - Iron in an amount of at least about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0436] - copper in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0437] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0438] - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0439] - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0440] - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0441] - Vitamin A in an amount of at least about 81 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0442] - folate in an amount of at least about 34 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0443] - magnesium in an amount of at least about 29 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0444] - phosphorus in an amount of at least about 30 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0445] - Potassium in an amount of at least about 258 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0446] - selenium in an amount of at least about 1 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0447] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0448] - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0449] - Cystine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0450] - glutamic acid in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0451] - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0452] - proline in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0453] - serine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0454] - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0455] - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0456] - valine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0457] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0458] - an amount of at least about 0.6 mg of DPA per 100 mL of liquid;

[0459] - ARA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0460] - an amount of at least about 0.6 mg of sphingomyelin per 100 mL of liquid;

[0461] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0462] - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0463] - oligofructose in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0464] - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0465] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0466] - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount of at least about 19 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0467] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0468] - Gangliosides in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0469] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0470] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0471] - eicosatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0472] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0473] - DHA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0474] - an amount of at least about 1 mg of sphingomyelin per 100 mL of liquid;

[0475] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0476] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0477] - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0478] - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0479] - valine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0480] - alpha carotene in an amount of at least about 43 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0481] - Folate in an amount of at least about 51 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0482] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.02 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0483] - Gangliosides in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0484] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0485] - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0486] - eicosenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0487] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0488] - an amount of at least about 2 mg of DPA per 100 mL of liquid;

[0489] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0490] - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0491] - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0492] - Arginine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0493] - aspartic acid in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0494] - cystine in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0495] - glutamic acid in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0496] - glycine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0497] - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0498] - methionine in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0499] - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0500] - proline in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0501] - serine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0502] - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0503] - tryptophan in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0504] - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0505] - alpha tocopherol in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0506] - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0507] - eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0508] - phosphorus in an amount of at least about 6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0509] - Phosphatidylserine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid.

[0510] In one embodiment the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0511] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0512] - Vitamin B1 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0513] - Vitamin B2 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0514] - Vitamin B6 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0515] - zinc in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0516] - Iron in an amount of at least about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0517] - copper in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0518] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0519] - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0520] - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0521] - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0522] - Vitamin A in an amount of at least about 81 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0523] - folate in an amount of at least about 34 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0524] - magnesium in an amount of at least about 29 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0525] - phosphorus in an amount of at least about 149 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0526] - Potassium in an amount of at least about 258 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0527] - selenium in an amount of at least about 10 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0528] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0529] - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0530] - Cystine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0531] - glutamic acid in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0532] - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0533] - proline in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0534] - serine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0535] - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0536] - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0537] - valine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0538] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0539] - an amount of at least about 0.6 mg of DPA per 100 mL of liquid;

[0540] - ARA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0541] - an amount of at least about 0.6 mg of sphingomyelin per 100 mL of liquid;

[0542] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0543] - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0544] - oligofructose in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0545] - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0546] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0547] - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount of at least about 19 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0548] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0549] - Gangliosides in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0550] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0551] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0552] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0553] - DHA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0554] - an amount of at least about 1 mg of sphingomyelin per 100 mL of liquid;

[0555] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0556] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0557] - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0558] - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0559] - valine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0560] - alpha carotene in an amount of at least about 43 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0561] - Folate in an amount of at least about 51 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0562] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.02 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0563] - Gangliosides in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0564] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0565] - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0566] - eicosenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0567] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0568] - an amount of at least about 2 mg of DPA per 100 mL of liquid;

[0569] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0570] - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0571] - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0572] - Arginine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0573] - aspartic acid in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0574] - cystine in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0575] - glutamic acid in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0576] - glycine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0577] - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0578] - methionine in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0579] - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0580] - proline in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0581] - serine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0582] - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0583] - tryptophan in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0584] -Tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid.

[0585] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0586] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0587] - Vitamin B1 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0588] - Vitamin B2 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0589] - Vitamin B6 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0590] - zinc in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 2.5 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0591] - Iron in an amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0592] - copper in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0593] - histidine in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0594] - isoleucine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0595] - lysine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0596] - leucine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0597] - Vitamin A in an amount ranging from about 81 μg to about 500 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0598] - folate in an amount ranging from about 34 μg to about 95 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0599] - magnesium in an amount ranging from about 29 mg to about 75 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0600] - phosphorus in an amount ranging from about 33 mg to about 343 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0601] - potassium in an amount ranging from about 258 mg to about 830 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0602] - selenium in an amount ranging from about 10 μg to about 31 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0603] - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0604] - alanine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0605] - Cystine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0606] - glutamic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0607] - phenylalanine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0608] - proline in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0609] - serine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0610] - threonine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0611] - tyrosine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0612] - valine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0613] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0614] - an amount of DPA ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0615] - ARA in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0616] - an amount of sphingomyelin ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0617] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0618] - stearidonic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 7 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0619] - oligofructose in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0620] - 6'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 5 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0621] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0622] - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount ranging from about 19 mg to about 98 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0623] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount ranging from about 0.06 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0624] - Gangliosides in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0625] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 12 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0626] - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 23 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0627] - eicosatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0628] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0629] - DHA in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0630] - an amount of sphingomyelin ranging from about 1 mg to about 20 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0631] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0632] - histidine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0633] - isoleucine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0634] - leucine in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0635] - valine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0636] - alpha carotene in an amount ranging from about 43 mg to about 424 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0637] - folate in an amount ranging from about 51 μg to about 82 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0638] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount ranging from about 0.02 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0639] - Gangliosides in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0640] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0641] - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0642] - eicosenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.12 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0643] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0644] - an amount of DPA ranging from about 2 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0645] - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 21 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0646] - 6'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0647] - alanine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0648] - arginine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0649] - aspartic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0650] - Cystine in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0651] - glutamic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0652] - glycine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0653] - lysine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0654] - methionine in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0655] - phenylalanine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0656] - proline in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0657] - serine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0658] - threonine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0659] - tryptophan in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0660] - tyrosine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0661] - alpha tocopherol in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 3.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0662] - stearidonic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 11.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0663] - eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 26 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0664] - phosphorus in an amount ranging from about 6 mg to about 300 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0665] - Phosphatidylserine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid.

[0666] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein

[0667] a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0668] - Vitamin B1 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0669] - Vitamin B2 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0670] - Vitamin B6 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0671] - zinc in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0672] - Iron in an amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0673] - copper in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0674] - histidine in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0675] - isoleucine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0676] - lysine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0677] - leucine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0678] - Vitamin A in an amount ranging from about 81 μg to about 184 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0679] - folate in an amount ranging from about 34 μg to about 61 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0680] - magnesium in an amount ranging from about 29 mg to about 75 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0681] - phosphorus in an amount ranging from about 149 mg to about 343 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0682] - potassium in an amount ranging from about 258 mg to about 830 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0683] - selenium in an amount ranging from about 10 mg to about 18 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0684] - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0685] - alanine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0686] - Cystine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0687] - glutamic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0688] - phenylalanine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0689] - proline in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0690] - serine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0691] - threonine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0692] - tyrosine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0693] - valine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0694] b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0695] - an amount of DPA ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0696] - ARA in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0697] - an amount of sphingomyelin ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0698] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0699] - stearidonic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 7 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0700] - oligofructose in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0701] - 6'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 5 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0702] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0703] - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount ranging from about 19 mg to about 98 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0704] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount ranging from about 0.06 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0705] - Gangliosides in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0706] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 12 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0707] - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 23 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0708] c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0709] - DHA in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0710] - an amount of sphingomyelin ranging from about 1 mg to about 20 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0711] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0712] - histidine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0713] - isoleucine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0714] - leucine in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0715] - valine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0716] - alpha carotene in an amount ranging from about 43 mg to about 424 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0717] - folate in an amount ranging from about 51 μg to about 82 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0718] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount ranging from about 0.02 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0719] - Gangliosides in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0720] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0721] - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0722] - eicosenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0723] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0724] - an amount of DPA ranging from about 2 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0725] - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 21 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0726] - 6'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0727] - alanine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0728] - arginine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0729] - aspartic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0730] - Cystine in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0731] - glutamic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0732] - glycine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0733] - lysine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0734] - methionine in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0735] - phenylalanine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0736] - proline in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0737] - serine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0738] - threonine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0739] - tryptophan in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0740] -Tyrosine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid.

[0741] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions comprises at least four of said ingredients selected from said group.

[0742] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions comprises at least five of said ingredients selected from said group.

[0743] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions comprises at least six of said ingredients selected from said group.

[0744] Suitably, each composition of the kit according to the invention may differ from the other compositions, such that composition A may differ from compositions B and C, composition B may differ from compositions A and C, and composition C may differ from compositions A and B in terms of at least one included ingredient, or in terms of at least two included ingredients, or in terms of at least three included ingredients, or in terms of at least four included ingredients.

[0745] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions differ from each other in at least one comprised ingredient or in at least two comprised ingredients or in at least three comprised ingredients or in at least four comprised ingredients.

[0746] In one embodiment, composition A contained in the kit according to the invention may differ from composition B and / or C in that composition A comprises at least one ingredient, at least two ingredients or at least three ingredients or at least four ingredients not contained in compositions B and / or C.

[0747] In one embodiment, composition B comprised in the kit according to the invention may differ from compositions A and / or C in that composition B comprises at least one ingredient, at least two ingredients or at least three ingredients or at least four ingredients not comprised in compositions A and / or C.

[0748] In one embodiment, composition C contained in the kit according to the invention may differ from compositions A and / or B in that composition C comprises at least one ingredient, at least two ingredients or at least three ingredients or at least four ingredients not contained in compositions A and / or B.

[0749] Advantageously, the kit according to the invention promotes myelination of target brain regions, in particular the social brain associated with socio-emotional development. The claimed kit has the advantage of targeting specific brain regions, in particular the social brain, involved in socio-emotional development and following the dynamic needs of brain development at a specific age window.

[0750] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain associated with social-emotional development.

[0751] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein the young individual is a human, a pet, an infant, a toddler or a child.

[0752] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for promoting brain myelination in a target brain region of a young individual, the method comprising sequentially administering to the young individual a kit as described above.

[0753] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method as described above, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain.

[0754] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method as described above, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain associated with socio-emotional development.

[0755] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a phased feeding regimen for young individuals, the phased feeding regimen comprising the steps of:

[0756] a) administering a composition A according to the invention at an age of 0 to 20 months;

[0757] b) administering a composition B according to the invention at an age of 20 to 30 months;

[0758] c) administration of composition C according to the invention at an age of 30 to 66 months.

[0759] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a phased feeding regimen for a young individual as described above, the phased feeding regimen comprising the following steps:

[0760] a) administering a composition A according to the invention at an age of 6 to 20 months;

[0761] b) administering a composition B according to the invention at an age of 20 to 30 months;

[0762] c) administration of composition C according to the invention at an age of 30 to 66 months.

[0763] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a phased feeding regimen for a young individual as described above, the phased feeding regimen comprising the following steps:

[0764] a) administering a composition A according to the invention at an age of 6 to 20 months;

[0765] b) administering a composition B according to the invention at an age of 20 to 30 months;

[0766] c) administration of the composition C according to the invention at an age of 30 to 60 months.

[0767] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a phased feeding regimen for a young individual as described above, the phased feeding regimen comprising the following steps:

[0768] a) administering a composition A according to the invention at an age of 0 to 20 months;

[0769] b) administering a composition B according to the invention at an age of 20 to 30 months;

[0770] c) administration of the composition C according to the invention at an age of 30 to 60 months.

[0771] In one embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a phased feeding regimen as described above for promoting myelination in a target brain region.

[0772] In one embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a phase feeding regimen, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain. In another embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a phase feeding regimen, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain associated with socio-emotional development.

[0773] Composition of the kit

[0774] Unless otherwise indicated, all nutrient amounts indicated are expressed as daily amount weight or amount per 100 mL of liquid.

[0775] Where a nutrient may be contained in the composition in different forms (either as such or in the form of a salt, complex or more complex structure comprising the nutrient), the amounts reported below should be intended to refer to the amount of the nutrient itself.

[0776] Minerals such as, but not limited to, zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, calcium, and combinations thereof are typically added to the compositions of the present invention in the form of salts.

[0777] Phosphorus may be incorporated into the composition of the invention as such or in the form of a physiologically acceptable salt and / or via any source comprising phosphorus (eg: calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate).

[0778] Calcium can be incorporated into the composition of the invention as such or in the form of its physiologically acceptable salts and / or via any source comprising calcium. For example, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, calcium hydroxide, calcium orthophosphate.

[0779] Vitamin B12 may be incorporated into the nutritional composition of the kit of the present invention as such or in the form of its physiologically acceptable salt or mixture thereof, or via any source comprising vitamin B12. In particular, vitamin B12 may be incorporated into the composition in its pure form, such as cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and any combination thereof.

[0780] Folic acid may be present in the compositions of the kit as such or in the form of one of its physiologically acceptable salts (folate) and mixtures thereof.

[0781] The amino acids included in the composition, such as but not limited to histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, carnitine, taurine, and mixtures thereof, may be naturally occurring or synthetic.

[0782] The fatty acids in the composition, such as ARA, DHA, DPA, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, are from natural sources, non-limiting examples of which include eggs, algae, fish oil, mold, yeast, seeds, plants (e.g., soybeans) and animal sources (e.g., bovine brain and / or mammalian milk or their extracts). Non-limiting examples of soybean sources include soybean lecithin food additives, and non-limiting examples of mammalian milk include cow's milk, camel's milk, sheep's milk, goat's milk (including mature milk). Non-limiting extracts of milk include protein extracts, milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) and extracts containing them. Fatty acid derivatives can also be from palm oil, tallow, lard, cottonseed oil, peanut oil.

[0783] These fatty acids may be important components of the myelin sheath, enabling it to surround and coat axons.

[0784] The source of DHA, ARA, DPA may be very important in the context of the present invention, since the mentioned fatty acids obtained from fish oils may have different effects compared to microbial fatty acids.

[0785] The phospholipids included in the composition of the present invention such as sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine can be natural, synthetic or their mixture. They can be used in the composition of the present invention in its pure form or substantially pure form. Alternatively, they can be added in the form of comprising their source.

[0786] In particular, at least one of the phospholipids mentioned is from a natural source, non-limiting examples of which include eggs, soybeans, bovine brains and / or mammalian milk or extracts thereof. Non-limiting examples of soybean sources include soy lecithin food additives, and non-limiting examples of mammalian milk include cow milk, camel milk, sheep milk, goat milk (including mature milk). Non-limiting extracts of milk include protein extracts (e.g., whey protein and casein), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and extracts containing them.

[0787] Sphingomyelin can be synthesized from ceramide and / or one or more gangliosides and phosphatidylcholine, and therefore it may be particularly advantageous if ceramide and / or one or more gangliosides are used in combination with phosphatidylcholine, its metabolic precursors or its metabolites.

[0788] In the context of the present invention, sphingomyelin can be used as is or in the form of its metabolic precursors and / or its metabolites. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that compared with directly administering sphingomyelin, such metabolic precursors and / or metabolites cause the same beneficial effects in promoting myelination in brain regions. Non-limiting exemplary substances in this regard are: galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide, D-erythro-dihydroceramide and ceramide-1-phosphate and gangliosides.

[0789] Sphingomyelin is present in natural sources such as α-lactalbumin, eggs, bovine brain or milk.

[0790] Sphingomyelin and / or its metabolic precursor or metabolite can be incorporated into the nutritional composition of the present invention as a single substance, as a component consisting of a mixture of different sphingomyelin substances or by adding natural or synthetic ingredients containing one or more sphingomyelin substances. Sphingomyelin can be incorporated into the nutritional composition of the present invention in the form of being contained in skimmed milk powder, alpha lactalbumin, whey protein concentrate and / or whey protein concentrate enriched with alpha lactalbumin.

[0791] Composition A

[0792] As mentioned previously, it is beneficial that Composition A of the kit is for administration to young individuals between 0 and 20 months of age, preferably between 6 and 20 months of age, because Composition A comprises suitable targeted nutrients that are proven to promote myelination of targeted brain regions, particularly the social brain, following a specific stage of brain development at that specific age. Thus, the delivery of nutrients that may have no effect on this process or may even cause negative effects, such as suboptimal myelination leading to impaired or delayed brain development, is avoided.

[0793] Suitably, composition A is administered to a young individual of 0 to 20 months of age, such as 1 to 20 months, 2 to 20 months, 3 to 20 months, 4 to 20 months, 5 to 20 months or 6 to 20 months of age.

[0794] Composition A is advantageously tailored for administration to young individuals in the Myelin-Nutrient Window 1 to effectively promote myelination in target brain regions, particularly the social brain associated with socio-emotional development, during a period when a dramatic and rapid increase in myelination is observed.

[0795] In one embodiment of the present invention, composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, vitamin A, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, 3'-SL, alanine, cystine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine.

[0796] In a preferred embodiment, the composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and leucine.

[0797] Composition A of the present invention may contain one or more of the following vitamins or their derivatives:

[0798] - vitamin B1, such as thiamine, thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP, thiamine triphosphate, TTP, thiamine hydrochloride, thiamine mononitrate, in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 0.8 mg to about 2 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.2 mg to about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0799] - vitamin B2, such as riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, FMN, flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD, lactoflavin, lutein, in an amount of at least about 1 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 3 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0800] - vitamin B6, such as pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, in an amount of at least about 0.9 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 0.9 mg to about 5 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in a range of about 0.2 mg to about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0801] - vitamin A, such as retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl esters with other long chain fatty acids, retinal, retinoic acid, retinol esters, in an amount of at least about 400 μg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 400 μg to about 2600 μg or from about 400 μg to about 900 μg per day, or in an amount of at least about 81 μg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 81 μg to about 540 μg per 100 mL of liquid, or in an amount ranging from about 81 μg to about 184 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0802] - Folate, such as folic acid, a folic acid analogue, pteroylglutamate, in an amount of at least about 168 μg per day, preferably in a range of about 168 μg to about 460 μg per day, or in a range of about 168 μg to about 300 μg per day, or in an amount of at least about 34 μg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in a range of about 34 μg to about 95 μg per 100 mL of liquid, or in an amount in a range of about 34 μg to about 61 μg per 100 mL of liquid.

[0803] Zinc can be incorporated into composition A of the present invention in an amount of at least 6 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 6 mg to about 13 mg per day, or in an amount ranging from about 6 mg to about 7.5 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 2.6 mg per 100 mL, or in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, in the form of a physiologically acceptable salt such as zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate or mixtures thereof, or in the form of a physiologically acceptable zinc complex such as zinc picolinate or mixtures thereof.

[0804] Iron can be incorporated into composition A of the present invention in a daily amount of at least 8 mg, preferably in a daily amount ranging from about 8 mg to about 29 mg, or in an amount of at least about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, in free form, or in the form of a physiologically acceptable salt (such as ferric citrate, ferric phosphate, ferric pyrophosphate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous carbonate, ferrous citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous lactate, ferrous sulfate or mixtures thereof), or in the form of a physiologically acceptable iron complex (such as sodium ferric EDTA) and mixtures thereof.

[0805] Copper may be incorporated into the composition A of the present invention in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 1.1 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, as such or in the form of a physiologically acceptable salt and / or via any source comprising copper. For example, copper may be incorporated into the composition as: copper sulfate and / or copper gluconate and / or copper carbonate and / or copper citrate and / or copper-lysine complex.

[0806] Magnesium can be incorporated into the composition A of the present invention in an amount of at least about 143 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 143 mg to about 369 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 29 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 29 mg to about 75 mg per 100 mL of liquid, as such or in the form of a physiologically acceptable salt and / or via any source containing magnesium. For example, magnesium carbonate, magnesium chloride, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, magnesium orthophosphate.

[0807] Composition A of the present invention may comprise one or more of the following amino acids in the following amounts:

[0808] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.2 g to about 1 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0809] - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.3 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0810] - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 3 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0811] - leucine in an amount of at least 0.6 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0812] - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0813] - cystine in an amount of at least about 0.07 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.07 g to about 0.4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0814] - glutamate in an amount of at least about 2 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 2 g to about 10 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0815] - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0816] - proline in an amount of at least about 0.6 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 3 g per day, or in an amount of at least 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0817] - serine in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0818] - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0819] - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0820] - valine in an amount of at least about 0.5 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0821] Composition A may also contain at least one of the following substances in the following amounts:

[0822] - phosphorus in an amount of preferably at least about 688 mg or at least about 731 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 688 mg to about 1687 mg or about 731 mg to about 1687 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 141 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 141 mg to about 343 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0823] - potassium in an amount of at least about 1267 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1267 mg to about 4085 mg per day, or in an amount of at least 258 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 258 mg to about 830 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0824] - selenium in an amount of at least about 51 μg per day, preferably in a range of about 51 μg to about 150 μg or about 51 μg to about 90 μg per day, or in an amount of at least about 10 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 10 μg to about 31 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0825] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 4 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 4 mg to about 68 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.8 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid.

[0826] Suitably, composition A may differ from composition B and / or composition C in that composition A comprises at least one or at least two or at least three or at least four ingredients not present in composition B and / or composition C.

[0827] Composition B

[0828] As mentioned previously, it is beneficial to administer composition B to young individuals between 20 and 30 months of age, since composition B contains only specific nutrients that have been shown to promote myelination of target brain regions, particularly the social brain, following the brain development stage at this specific age. Thus, the delivery of nutrients that may have no effect on the process or may even cause negative effects, such as suboptimal myelination leading to impaired or delayed brain development, is avoided.

[0829] Suitably, composition B is administered to a young individual of 20 to 30 months of age, such as 21 to 30 months, 22 to 30 months, 23 to 30 months, 24 to 30 months, 25 to 30 months or 26 to 30 months of age.

[0830] Composition B is advantageously tailored for administration to young individuals in the Myelin-Nutrient Window 2 to effectively promote myelination in target brain regions during the transition period of myelination, particularly in the social brain associated with socio-emotional development.

[0831] In one embodiment composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, stearidonic acid, oligofructose, 6'-SL, stearatetraenoic acid, β-cryptoxanthin, α-lactalbumin, gangliosides, phosphatidylinositol, 3'-SL.

[0832] In one embodiment composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, stearidonic acid, oligofructose, 6'-SL.

[0833] Composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0834] - DPA in an amount of at least about 3 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 3 mg to about 53 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0835] - ARA in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0836] - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg, preferably a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 55 mg, or an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0837] - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.3 g to about 5 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.06 g to about 1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0838] - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 3 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 3 mg to about 33 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.6 mg to about 7 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0839] - oligofructose in an amount of at least about 1 g per day, preferably in a range of about 1 g to about 7 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.2 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0840] - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 3 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 3 mg to about 23 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.6 mg to about 5 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0841] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 3 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 41 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0842] - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount of at least about 93 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 93 mg to about 484 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 19 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 19 mg to about 98 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0843] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.3 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 0.3 mg to about 1 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.06 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0844] - gangliosides in an amount of at least about 2 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 15 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0845] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 4 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 4 mg to about 59 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 12 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and

[0846] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 16 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 16 mg to about 113 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 3 mg to about 23 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0847] - Eicosatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.1 g to about 0.3 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.01 mg to about 0.06 mg per 100 mL of liquid.

[0848] ARA or DPA is found in natural sources such as eggs, fungi, algae or fish oil.

[0849] ARA or DPA can be incorporated into the nutritional composition of the present invention as a single substance (as a fatty acid, in the form of its physiologically acceptable salts or in the form of triglycerides containing it), as an ingredient consisting of a mixture of different ARA or DPA substances or by adding natural or synthetic ingredients containing one or more ARA or DPA substances.

[0850] Fructo-oligosaccharides may be long chain or short chain, depending on the degree of polymerization (number of monomers) of the fructo-oligosaccharide. Preferably the fructo-oligosaccharide of the present invention is a short chain fructo-oligosaccharide, most preferably it has a degree of polymerization of 2 to 10, such as 2 to 8.

[0851] Suitably, composition B may differ from composition A and / or composition C in that composition B comprises at least one or at least two or at least three or at least four ingredients not present in composition A and / or composition C.

[0852] Composition C

[0853] As mentioned previously, it is beneficial to administer composition C to young individuals between 30 and 66 months of age, preferably between 30 and 60 months of age, because composition C contains only specific nutrients that have been shown to promote myelination of target brain regions, particularly the social brain, following the brain development stage at this specific age. Thus, the delivery of nutrients that may have no effect on this process or may even cause negative effects, such as suboptimal myelination leading to impaired or delayed brain development, is avoided.

[0854] Suitably, composition C is administered to young individuals of 30 to 66 months, e.g., 31 to 66 months, 32 to 66 months, 33 to 66 months, 34 to 66 months, 35 to 66 months, or 36 to 66 months of age. In one embodiment, composition C is administered to young individuals of 30 to 60 months, e.g., 31 to 60 months, 32 to 60 months, 33 to 60 months, 34 to 60 months, 35 to 60 months, or 36 to 60 months of age.

[0855] Composition C is advantageously tailored for administration to young individuals in the Myelin-Nutrient Window 3 to effectively promote myelination in target brain regions, particularly the social brain associated with socio-emotional development, during a period when slower increases in myelination are observed.

[0856] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, α-carotene, folic acid, α-lactalbumin, ganglioside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, DPA, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, α-tocopherol, stearatetraenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, phosphorus, and phosphatidylserine.

[0857] In one embodiment of the present invention, composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, alpha-carotene, folic acid, alpha-lactalbumin, gangliosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, DPA, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine.

[0858] In a preferred embodiment, composition C comprises at least three components selected from the group consisting of DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine.

[0859] Composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following:

[0860] - DHA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.01 g to about 0.3 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.01 g to about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0861] - a daily amount of at least about 5 mg, preferably a daily amount ranging from about 5 mg to about 96 mg, or an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 20 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0862] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.4 g to about 4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.08 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0863] - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.3 g to about 1 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.06 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0864] - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.5 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.5 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0865] - leucine in an amount of at least about 1 g per day, preferably in a range of about 1 g to about 4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0866] - valine in an amount of at least about 0.7 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0867] - alpha carotene in an amount of at least about 214 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 214 mg to about 2087 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 43 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 43 mg to about 424 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0868] - folate in an amount of at least about 251 μg per day, preferably in a range of about 251 μg to about 400 μg per day, or in an amount of at least about 51 μg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 51 μg to about 82 μg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0869] - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 0.1 mg to about 1 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.02 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.02 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0870] - gangliosides in an amount of at least about 2 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 16 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0871] - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.01 g to about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0872] - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount of at least about 0.05 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.05 g to about 0.9 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0873] - eicosenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.36 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0874] - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 3 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 70 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0875] - DPA in an amount of at least about 8 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 8 mg to about 46 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 2 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0876] - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 6 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 6 mg to about 102 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 1 mg to about 21 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0877] - 6'SL in an amount of at least about 2 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 2 mg to about 21 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.4 mg to about 4 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0878] - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.5 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.5 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0879] - arginine in an amount of at least about 0.5 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.5 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0880] - aspartic acid in an amount of at least about 1 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0881] - cystine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.02 g to about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0882] - glutamate in an amount of at least about 2 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 2 g to about 11 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0883] - glycine in an amount of at least about 0.3 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0884] - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.7 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.7 g to about 3 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0885] - methionine in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0886] - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.6 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0887] - proline in an amount of at least about 1 g per day, preferably in a range of about 1 g to about 4 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0888] - serine in an amount of at least about 0.6 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.6 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0889] - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.5 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.5 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0890] - tryptophan in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per day, preferably in a range of about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.02 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0891] - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.5 g per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid;

[0892] - alpha tocopherol in an amount of at least about 6 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 6 mg to about 18 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 1.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1.2 mg to about 3.7 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0893] - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 6.8 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 6.8 mg to about 56 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 1.3 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in a range of about 1.3 mg to about 11.5 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0894] - eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount of at least about 8 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 8 mg to about 127 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 1.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1.6 mg to about 26 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0895] - phosphorus in an amount of at least about 894 mg per day, preferably in an amount ranging from about 894 mg to about 1475 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 183 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount ranging from about 183 mg to about 301 mg per 100 mL of liquid;

[0896] - Phosphatidylserine in an amount of at least about 18 mg per day, preferably in a range of about 18 mg to about 294 mg per day, or in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid, preferably in an amount in the range of about 0.1 mg to about 60 mg per 100 mL of liquid.

[0897] DHA is present in natural sources such as eggs, algae or fish oil. According to one embodiment, the DHA is provided in the form of triglycerides comprising DHA.

[0898] The oil comprising DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) generally can have various sources. Preferably, DHA is provided in the form of fish oil comprising DHA. Fish oil generally comprises 5 % by weight or more, preferably 10 % by weight or more of DHA. The oil comprising a large amount of DHA obtained from algae or microorganisms is also available. For example, the oil containing 10 % by weight or more, for example 20 % by weight or more of DHA gathered from algae can be used.

[0899] DHA can be incorporated into the nutritional composition of the invention as a single substance (as a fatty acid, in the form of its physiologically acceptable salts or in the form of triglycerides containing it), as a component consisting of a mixture of different DHA substances or by adding natural or synthetic ingredients containing one or more DHA substances.

[0900] Suitably, composition C may differ from composition A and / or composition B in that composition C comprises at least one or at least two or at least three or at least four ingredients that are not present in composition A and / or composition B.

[0901] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions comprises at least four of said ingredients selected from said group.

[0902] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions comprises at least five of said ingredients selected from said group.

[0903] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein each of said compositions comprises at least six of said ingredients selected from said group.

[0904] Composition A, Composition B, or Composition C of the kit can be any type of composition suitable for direct administration to a subject.

[0905] In particular, the composition of the kit may be a synthetic nutritional composition.

[0906] One skilled in the art will determine the appropriate amounts of the above nutrients, metabolic precursors or metabolites thereof to achieve their maximum permitted levels in the nutritional composition after administration.

[0907] Preferred nutritional composition base

[0908] Composition A, composition B or composition C according to the present invention may be a synthetic nutritional composition. It may be a liquid, powder, gel, paste, solid, concentrate, suspension or a ready-to-use enteral formula, oral formula, infant formula, formula for pediatric subjects, children's formula, growing-up milk and / or formula, baby food.

[0909] In a typical embodiment of the invention, the composition will comprise a protein source, a lipid source, and a carbohydrate source.

[0910] For example, such compositions may comprise protein in the range of about 2 g / 100 kcal to 6 g / 100 kcal, lipid in the range of about 1.5 g / 100 kcal to 3 g / 100 kcal, and / or carbohydrate in the range of about 1.7 g / 100 kcal to 12 g / 100 kcal.

[0911] If the composition is a liquid, its energy density may be between 60 kcal / 100 mL and 75 kcal / 100 mL. If the composition is a solid, its energy density may be between 60 kcal / 100 g and 75 kcal / 100 g.

[0912] The type of protein is considered to be immaterial to the present invention. Thus, for example, protein sources based on whey, casein and mixtures thereof may be used. As for whey protein, acid whey or sweet whey or mixtures thereof may also be used.

[0913] The protein may be complete or hydrolyzed, or a mixture of complete protein and hydrolyzed protein. For example, for a subject who is considered to be at risk of milk allergy, it may be desirable to provide partially hydrolyzed protein (degree of hydrolysis between 2% and 20%). If hydrolyzed protein is required, a hydrolysis process may be performed as required and as known in the art. For example, the whey fraction may be enzymatically hydrolyzed by two steps as described in EP 322589 to prepare a whey protein hydrolyzate. For fully hydrolyzed protein, Alcalase 2.4 L (EC 940459) may be used first at 55 ° C, then Neutrase 0.5 L (available from Novo Nordisk Ferment AG), and then pancreatin may be used to triple hydrolyze whey protein. If the whey fraction used as a raw material is substantially lactose-free, it is found that the protein undergoes much less lysine blockage during the hydrolysis process. This enables the extent of lysine blocking to be reduced from about 15 wt % total lysine to less than about 10 wt % lysine; for example about 7 wt % lysine, which greatly improves the nutritional quality of the protein source.

[0914] The composition of the present invention may comprise a carbohydrate source. Any carbohydrate source may be used, such as lactose, sucrose, maltodextrin, starch, honey and mixtures thereof.

[0915] The composition of the present invention may include a lipid source. The lipid source may be any lipid. Preferred fat sources include milk fat and vegetable oils (including but not limited to palm oil, high oleic sunflower oil and high oleic safflower oil). Essential fatty acids linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid may also be added.

[0916] In addition to the substances mentioned above, the composition may optionally contain other substances that may have beneficial effects, such as probiotics, prebiotics, nucleotides, nucleosides, and the like.

[0917] The composition used in the present invention, such as infant formula, can be prepared by any suitable means. For example, an infant formula can be prepared by blending a protein source, a carbohydrate source and a fat source in a suitable proportion. If an emulsifier is used, it can be included in the blend. Vitamins and minerals can be added at this time, but in order to avoid thermal degradation, they are usually added a little later. Before blending, any lipophilic vitamins, emulsifiers, etc. can be dissolved in the fat source. Water (preferably water subjected to reverse osmosis) can then be mixed to form a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture can then be heat treated to reduce the bacterial load. For example, the liquid mixture can be rapidly heated to a temperature in the range of about 80°C to about 110°C for about 5 seconds to about 5 minutes. This can be done by steam injection or a heat exchanger, such as a plate heat exchanger. Then, the liquid mixture can be cooled to about 60°C to about 85°C, for example, by rapid cooling. The liquid mixture can then be homogenized; for example, in two stages: the first stage is carried out at about 7MPa to about 40MPa, and the second stage is carried out at about 2MPa to about 14MPa. The homogenized mixture can then be further cooled to add any heat-sensitive components, such as vitamins and minerals. The pH and solid content of the homogenized mixture are conveniently standardized at this moment. The homogenized mixture is transferred to a suitable drying device (such as a spray dryer or a freeze dryer), and converted into a powder. The moisture content of the powder should be less than about 5 weight %. If it is necessary to add one or more probiotics, the probiotics can be cultivated according to any suitable method, then for example, made by freeze drying or spray drying, for adding to infant formula. Alternatively, a bacterial product that has been made into a suitable form can be purchased from a professional supplier such as Danish Hansen Group Co., Ltd. (Christian Hansen) and Japan Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. (Morinaga), for adding to a food product (such as infant formula). This type of bacterial product can be added to powdered infant formula by dry mixing.

[0918] For example, the composition of the kit can be a solid form. The composition can be in the form of, for example, a chewable tablet, a dispersible tablet, a capsule, a lozenge, a lozenge, a chewing gum, a powder (for example, a pouch form), a strip pouch or a bottle with a lid containing powder. Tablets or capsules can be provided as unit dosage forms. Powder compositions can be contained in a pouch. Powder compositions according to the present invention can be used for sprinkling on food or beverages. Particularly preferred embodiments provide compositions according to the present invention in the form of a pouch comprising powder, wherein the powder can be dispersed in a beverage (for example, water, fruit juice, milk, etc.), to provide a delicious nutrient liquid for oral administration.

[0919] For example, it may be a dairy product, a refrigerated or shelf-stable beverage or soup, a dietary supplement, a meal replacement, or a nutritional bar.

[0920] Purpose of the box

[0921] In order to promote age-dependent brain development, more particularly myelination of target brain regions, more particularly myelination of social brain regions associated with social-emotional skills, performance and development such as: understanding and interacting with others; experiencing, managing and expressing a variety of positive and negative emotions; establishing close, satisfying relationships with others, including emotional skills, social skills, social competence, social aspects of executive functioning, well-being, positive mood, social cognition, social communication, social decision-making, self-regulation, compliance, adaptive functioning, emotion, social communication, interaction, autonomy, each of the compositions of the kit should be delivered to the child at an appropriate age window that is sensitive to the intake of age-specific and brain-stage-specific ingredients contained therein as defined by the inventors and described above.

[0922] Sequential administration of the compositions of the kit follows a phased feeding regimen for the claimed young individual comprising the steps of:

[0923] a) administering composition A as described above at an age of 0 to 20 months, preferably 6 to 20 months;

[0925] b) administering composition B as described above at 20 to 30 months of age;

[0926] c) administering composition C as described above at an age of 30 to 66 months, preferably 30 to 60 months.

[0927] In one embodiment of the invention, composition A and composition B of the kit are administered in corresponding age windows.

[0928] In one embodiment of the invention, composition A and composition C of the kit are administered in corresponding age windows.

[0929] In one embodiment of the invention, composition B and composition C of the kit are administered in corresponding age windows.

[0930] In one embodiment of the invention, composition A and composition B and composition C of the kit are administered in corresponding age windows.

[0931] Health Effects

[0932] As discovered by the inventors, factors / nutrients that have an impact on myelination in specific brain regions are different at different age stages of child development, and the administration of some nutrients known from the prior art to promote overall brain myelination during a "non-sensitive" stage may have no effect or even have a negative impact on this process, particularly in specific brain regions such as the social brain, which has not been considered in the prior art.

[0933] The nutrient content in each age-customized composition of the kit of the present invention is particularly important in the brain development of children at different ages. Each nutrient can be related to promoting myelination in target brain areas of a specific age, thereby affecting brain development. Each nutrient (presence and content) can be properly balanced with other nutrients of the composition to ensure appropriate age-segmented brain development, more particularly myelination, of target brain areas such as the social brain.

[0934] The kit of the invention has a positive effect on myelination in the brain of young individuals, particularly children, who are provided with the composition of the kit during a sensitive age window.

[0935] Such positive impacts can include brain development, and more particularly myelination of target brain areas associated with the child's social-emotional skills, performance, and development such as: understanding and interacting with others; experiencing, managing, and expressing a variety of positive and negative emotions; establishing close, satisfying relationships with others, including emotional skills, social skills, social competence, social aspects of executive functioning, well-being, positive mood, social cognition, social communication, social decision-making, self-regulation, compliance, adaptive functioning, emotion, social communication, interaction, and autonomy.

[0936] It can also prevent developmental impairment or delay.

[0937] Health effects may be observed days, weeks or months after using the kit.

[0938] The effects of the invention may be preventative (eg, avoiding suboptimal myelination in a target brain region) or curative (restoring optimal myelination in a target brain region).

[0939] Child-related health effects can be measured by various methods as shown in the examples below.

[0940] In general, by changing the content of nutrients in the composition according to the age of the child, the kit of nutrient blend compositions of the present invention can provide optimal nutrient content that follows the nutrient supply requirements for myelination of brain structures according to age segments, thereby benefiting the brain development, more particularly myelination, of target brain areas associated with the social-emotional skills, performance and development of children at specific ages.

[0941] Example

[0942] The inventors have studied the developmental dynamics of nutrient-myelin interactions from infancy to early childhood using myelin imaging as a marker of brain maturation. Brain neuroimaging and infant nutritional intake information from 293 children from a US longitudinal cohort study were analyzed. A sliding window approach was used to study the relationship between nutrient intake and brain regional myelination in a set of consecutive age windows.

[0943] Materials and methods

[0944] Participants

[0945] Participants in the study are part of a larger longitudinal study of child health and development around the time of birth in the United States. The study aims to understand the relationship between childhood genomics, nutrition, and home environmental exposures and brain and cognitive development. Infants and toddlers from birth to 5 years of age are recruited and study visits are scheduled every two years from birth to 30 months of age and annually thereafter.

[0946] For inclusion in the analysis of this study, 293 children aged between 6 and 60 months who met the following criteria were selected: 1. Singleton term pregnancy (>37 weeks); 2. Uncomplicated pregnancy (i.e., no reports of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); 3. No reports of fetal ultrasound abnormalities; 4. Infant 5-minute Apgar (APGAR) score ≥8; 5. Infant birth weight greater than 1500 g; 6. No reports of neurological trauma in the child; 7. No reports of psychiatric history (including autism) in siblings or parents; and 8. No reports of major depression requiring maternal medication during pregnancy or within the first 6 months of pregnancy. In addition, children had to have a successful MRI scan and time-matched nutritional intake information for at least one 24-hour period within one week of the MRI. Demographic information is summarized in Table 1.

[0947] Table 1: Demographic information of the study population

[0948]

[0949] Myelin MRI data acquisition and processing

[0950] All MR imaging was performed at 3 Tesla (Siemens Tim Trio) during natural and unsedated sleep as described in Dean DC. et al. Pediatr. Radiol. 2014; 44(1): 64-72.

[0951] To measure white matter development and myelination, mcDESPOT multicomponent T1 and T2 relaxation time data were collected using an age-optimized protocol (Table 2). A consistent voxel size of approximately (1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8) mm was used across the age span. 3 , where the field of view and imaging matrix are adjusted according to the child's age and head size. The theoretical basis of DESPOT1 and mcDESPOT has been previously described in detail in Dean DC. et al. Pediatr. Radiol. (2014); 44 (1): 64-72; Deoni SC. et al. Magn. Reason. Med. 2008; 60 (6): 1372-87) and involves the acquisition of multi-flip angle T1-weighted SPGR images (DESPOT1) and T1 / T2-weighted bSSFP images in two different radio frequency (RF) phase cycling modes. Single-component and multi-component relaxation time measurements are calculated from these data. For multi-component analysis, a three-pool tissue model including myelin-associated pools, intracellular and extracellular pools, and CSF pools was fitted to the combined SPGR and bSSFP data using an iterative random region method (38).

[0952] Table 2: For qT 1 ,qT 2. Age-optimized imaging protocol for MWF imaging .

[0953]

[0954] Myelin water fraction (MWF) was calculated from the acquired mcDESPOT data using a processing pipeline that included linear alignment of SPGR, IR-SPGR, and bSSFP images to account for subtle intra-scan head motion, nonparenchymal voxel removal, and correction for flip angle error and off-resonance inhomogeneity using DESPOT1-HIFI and DESPOT2-FM. A 3-pooled tissue model was fit to the multi-angle SPGR and bSSFP data to estimate MWF, a surrogate and non-invasive measure of myelin content. The MWF images (maps) were then nonlinearly aligned to a common analysis space in approximate MNI space using a previously described multi-step approach that first aligned the subject's high flip angle T1-weighted SPGR image to one of 14 age-specific templates and then to an overall study-specific template using a nonlinear 3D deformation ANTS. The calculated transformation matrix was then applied to the quantitative MWF map.

[0955] Nutritional data collection

[0956] Nutrient intake data were collected by the automated self-administered 24-hour dietary assessment tool (ASA-24). Mean daily nutrient intake was calculated for each scanned age, resulting in 293 observations for 88 nutrients. Values ​​for amino acids and phospholipids (including sphingomyelin) were retrieved from relevant United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases. The USDA choline database contains values ​​for free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin for approximately 630 foods. Ganglioside values ​​for meat and fish were estimated according to Khor et al. BMC Nutrition 2016;2(1):74, and the present inventors assumed 11 mg gangliosides per liter of milk as proposed by Vesper et al. Journal of Nutrition 1999;129(7):1239-50. Oligosaccharides 3'SL and 6'SL are only found in dairy products, and 114 mg / 100 g and 23 mg / 100 g were used as the corresponding concentration values ​​in milk. To estimate oligofructose, the inventors' calculations were based on Moshfegh et al. J. Nutr. 1999; 129(7 Suppl): 1407s-11s. We then mapped the foods reported in ASA-24 to the corresponding items in the USDA database and calculated the daily totals.

[0957] Brain-nutrient associations across windows

[0958] Using MWF plots in standard space, regional averages were calculated for the entire brain for each child. Combined data from all 293 children were used to identify dynamics and window sizes, and a series of MWF-nutrient correlation studies were performed using a sliding window approach. For each nutrient of interest and each brain region, the inventors set a window size corresponding to 25 myelin imaging measurements with a step size from 72 days to 162 days, and fit the following generalized linear model to the data: MWF i,j =β 0,j +β1log(age i,j )+β2 nutrient intake i,j +β3 nutrient intake i,j x log(age i,j ) [1].

[0959] In our model, MWFi,j is the mean regional myelin water fraction estimated in child j at time point i, age i,jis the corresponding child's age at that time point, and βo, β1, β2, and β3 are regression coefficients. After fitting a generalized linear model for all age-nutrient-brain myelin combinations, the inventors plotted a "map" of the resulting p-values ​​associated with the β2 nutrient intake term (unadjusted p<0.05), with p-values ​​by age along the x-axis and nutrients along the y-axis. Since the sliding window method provides information about the relationship with age, the inventors focused on the direct nutrient intake term.

[0960] Finally, the inventors identified age windows with distinct nutrient association patterns using Sobel filter vertical edge detection with a threshold of 25. Nutrients for each window were selected based on a 50% significance threshold for positive associations in each window (i.e., they had an unadjusted p-value of < 0.05 for at least half of the age points within the age window).

[0961] Nutrient uptake dynamics at each nutrient-myelin window

[0962] Samples were separated after identifying windows according to the following age windows: [6,20) months, [20,30) months, and [30,60) months. For each nutrient, and within each window, a linear model was fitted to the data with nutrient intake as the response and scan age as the independent variable. In the linear model, an increasing trend was defined as a positive slope, while a decreasing trend was defined as a negative slope with a p value below 0.05. Non-significant slopes were considered "stable trends". In addition, for each nutrient, a linear model was fitted to data of all ages.

[0963] Association of myelin sheath with nutrient intake across windows

[0964] For each nutrient, a linear model as in [1] was fitted to the data set including all ages. Linear models with significant and positive coefficients for the nutrient intake terms were considered to indicate a linear positive association with myelin. Myelin water fraction was Box Cox transformed to make it more symmetric. In addition, to account for possible nonlinear associations and correlations between nutrients, we performed regression models using random forests and used a feature selection algorithm to find all relevant variables.

[0965] result

[0966] Brain-nutrient connection (nutrient-myelin window)

[0967] Most of the nutrients (60%) evaluated are positively correlated with brain maturation in the early development period (window 1) of 6 to 20 months of age; then a relatively stable period, during which only one-fifth of the nutrients (20%) are significantly associated with brain myelination (20 to 30 months, window 2); finally, a turning point in growth, during which 37% of the nutrients are positively correlated with brain development (30 to 60 months, window 3). The inventors note that in all cases, the association is a positive association, that is, higher nutrient intake is associated with higher brain myelin measurements. This may reflect the study of the research sample, i.e., healthy, neurologically normal children living in resource-rich areas of the United States. Finally, the inventors observed differences in nutrient-myelin dynamics across age windows, such as amino acids only positively associated with myelin at later ages (windows 2 and 3), unlike minerals (window 1) or vitamins (windows 1 and 3, not window 2), see Table 3.

[0968] Figure 1 Nutrient versus age p-value plots calculated by sliding window analysis and aggregated into a master age window are shown. Complete samples up to 12 years of age were initially analyzed until a window covering the target age range of 1 to 5 years was identified.

[0969] Table 3: Nutrients significantly associated with myelin in each window

[0970]

[0971]

[0972] 1 Age Window 1 is 6-20 months, Window 2 is 20-30 months, and Window 3 is 30 to 60 months.

[0973] 2 Folic acid is the fully oxidized monoglutamate form of the vitamin that is used in fortified foods and most dietary supplements.

[0974] 3 Folate is a general term for naturally occurring folate in foods and fortified foods (including folic acid).

[0975] 4 Food folates occur naturally in foods and are in the form of tetrahydrofolate (THF) and often have additional glutamic acid residues, making them polyglutamates.

[0976] Nutrient intake dynamics of nutrients per window

[0977] The ranges and median values ​​of nutrient intake are summarized in Table 4 .

[0978] Table 4: Mean daily nutrient intake and minimum (min) to maximum values ​​of nutrients in each age window(max) Range a .

[0979]

[0980]

[0981] a Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; g, gram; mg, milligram; mcg, microgram.

[0982] In addition, five nutrients with positive and significant associations with myelin were identified across windows according to the linear model (Table 5). The variables selected by the random forest model and classified by the average importance of nutrients across age were as follows: log age; gangliosides (mg); sphingomyelin (mg); octadecadienoic acid 18:2 (g); docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] 22:6n-3 (g); phosphatidylcholine (g); phosphatidylinositol (g); eicosatetraenoic acid 20:4 (g); total saturated fatty acids (g); 3'SL (mg); phosphorus (mg); total polyunsaturated fatty acids (g); dietary folate (μg); isoleucine (g); methionine (g); total fat (g); total phospholipids (g); beta-carotene (mcg); serine (g); calcium (mg); phosphatidylserine (g).

[0983] Figure 2 The transformed MWF values ​​were compared to those predicted by the random forest on the test set. The Pearson correlation between the predicted and original values ​​was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.81-0.92), indicating that the model appropriately predicted myelin values.

[0984] Table 5. Nutrients with positive and significant myelination associations across age

[0985]

[0986] discuss

[0987] The inventors have described for the first time nutrient-myelin windows and their dynamics in well-nourished young children, thereby applying myelin imaging to identify sensitive windows of brain stage-related nutrients. Although four of the nutrients evaluated were significantly associated with myelin development in all age windows up to 5 years of age, most nutrients follow a dynamic association pattern over time. The inventors have identified three nutrient-myelin windows across the age range of 6 to 60 months that follow previously defined brain development dynamics: a sharp increase in myelin in the first 1.5 years after birth, followed by a transition to slower growth at about 2 years of age, and then continued slower myelin increase from 3 to 5 years of age.

[0988] The relationship between brain growth and emerging skills or behaviors and between brain growth and influencing factors has been well described. Georgieff emphasized the dynamic association between nutrition, brain and cognitive development. The inventor's discovery further confirmed these views by supporting new hypotheses and observational data about nutrition opportunities suitable for age and brain stage consistent with the dynamic needs of brain development. Time is very critical for both effective support and nutritional intervention during nutrient deficiency and development. Understanding the sensitive period of the specific connection between nutrients and brain development is the basis for developing effective nutritional solutions and reliably recommending brain nutrients. Interestingly, all kinds of nutrients show dynamic patterns and sensitive windows. Micronutrients and fatty acids appear to be particularly relevant during the rapid increase of myelin in the first 1.5 years after birth, while these two types of nutrients gradually disappear during the brain development window of myelin rate changes, and fatty acids gradually recover after 2.5 years of age when myelin continues to increase at a slower rate. This can indicate the relevance of fatty acids in myelin accumulation. The formation of myelin requires high levels of fatty acids and lipid synthesis and the uptake of extracellular fatty acids. In contrast, the results suggest that amino acids become important during the toddler years, when the steep increase in myelin slows and transitions to a slower, continuous increase. Amino acids may be more indirectly related to developmental myelination. Amino acid abnormalities have been associated with protein synthesis disorders that may affect myelin synthesis. Dietary essential amino acids such as tryptophan and tyrosine may play a role in neurodevelopment, including motor and sensory function.

[0989] For children aged 6 to 20 months (window 1), fatty acids and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) primarily contribute to higher myelin levels. In contrast, for children aged 20 to 30 months (window 2), amino acids primarily contribute to myelination, while for children aged 30 to 60 months (window 3), a combination of both fatty acids and amino acids have been identified to contribute to myelination. In addition, an age-adjusted model that examined nutrient-myelin associations across age windows proposed that the oligosaccharides 3'SL and 6'SL, lysine, α-lactalbumin, and oligofructose are associated with higher myelin levels. Little is known about the role of these nutrients in developmental myelination. However, 6'SL has recently been shown in preclinical studies to affect myelination, possibly by reducing sialylated binding targets of myelin-associated glycoproteins.

Claims

1. A kit of age-tailored nutrient blend compositions for sequential administration to young individuals for promoting myelination in target brain regions, the kit comprising at least two of the following compositions: a) A nutrient blend composition A for administration to young individuals aged 0 to 20 months, the nutrient blend composition A comprising at least three ingredients selected from the following: Vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, vitamin A, folate, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, 3'-SL, alanine, cystine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine; b) a nutrient blend composition B for administration to young individuals aged 20 to 30 months, the nutrient blend composition B comprising at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, octadecatetraenoic acid, oligofructose, 6'-SL, stearatetraenoic acid, β-cryptoxanthin, α-lactalbumin, ganglioside, phosphatidylinositol, 3'-SL, eicosatetraenoic acid; c) a nutritional blend composition C for administration to young individuals aged 30 to 66 months, the nutritional blend composition C comprising at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, α-carotene, folic acid, α-lactalbumin, ganglioside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, eicosenoic acid, stearatetraenoic acid, DPA, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, alpha-tocopherol, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, phosphorus, phosphatidylserine.

2. The kit according to claim 1, wherein a) the nutrient blend composition A is used for administration to young individuals aged 6 to 20 months; b) the nutrient blend composition B is used for administration to young individuals aged 20 to 30 months; c) The nutrient blend composition C is for administration to young individuals aged 30 to 60 months.

3. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) the composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, copper, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, and leucine; b) the composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of DPA, ARA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, octadecatonic acid, oligofructose, and 6'-SL; c) The composition C comprises at least three components selected from the group consisting of DHA, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine.

4. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - vitamin B1 in a daily amount of at least about 0.8 mg; - a daily amount of at least about 1 mg of vitamin B2; - a daily amount of at least about 0.9 mg of vitamin B6; - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of zinc; - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of iron; - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 mg of copper; - a daily amount of at least about 0.2 g of histidine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of isoleucine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of lysine; - a daily amount of at least 0.6 g of leucine; - a daily amount of at least about 400 μg of vitamin A; - a daily amount of at least about 168 μg of folate; - a daily amount of at least about 143 mg of magnesium; - a daily amount of at least about 688 mg of phosphorus; - a daily amount of at least about 1267 mg of potassium; - a daily amount of at least about 51 μg of selenium; - a daily amount of at least about 4 mg of 3'-SL; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of alanine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.07 g of cystine; - a daily amount of at least about 2 g of glutamate; - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of phenylalanine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of proline; - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of serine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of threonine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of tyrosine; and - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of valine; b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of DPA; - a daily amount of at least about 0.06 g of ARA; - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of sphingomyelin; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of phosphatidylcholine; - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearidonic acid; - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of oligofructose; - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of 6'-SL; - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearate; - a daily amount of at least about 93 mg of beta cryptoxanthin; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 mg of alpha lactalbumin; - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of gangliosides; - a daily amount of at least about 4 mg of phosphatidylinositol; and - a daily amount of at least about 16 mg of 3'-SL; - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of eicosapentaenoic acid; c) the composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: - a daily amount of at least about 0.01 g of DHA; - a daily amount of at least about 5 mg of sphingomyelin; - a daily amount of at least about 0.4 g of phosphatidylcholine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of histidine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of isoleucine; - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of leucine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.7 g of valine; - a daily amount of at least about 214 mg of alpha carotene; - a daily amount of at least about 251 μg of folate; - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 mg of alpha lactalbumin; - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of gangliosides; - a daily amount of at least about 0.01 g of phosphatidylinositol; - a daily amount of at least about 0.05 g of phosphatidylethanolamine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of eicosenoic acid; - a daily amount of at least about 3 mg of stearate; - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of DPA; - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of 3'-SL; - a daily amount of at least about 2 mg of 6'SL; - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of alanine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of arginine; - aspartic acid in a daily amount of at least about 1 g; - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of cystine; - a daily amount of at least about 2 g of glutamate; - a daily amount of at least about 0.3 g of glycine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.7 g of lysine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.2 g of methionine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of phenylalanine; - a daily amount of at least about 1 g of proline; - a daily amount of at least about 0.6 g of serine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of threonine; - a daily amount of at least about 0.1 g of tryptophan; - a daily amount of at least about 0.5 g of tyrosine; - a daily amount of at least about 6 mg of alpha tocopherol; - a daily amount of at least about 6.8 mg of stearidonic acid; - a daily amount of at least about 8 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid; - a daily amount of at least about 894 mg of phosphorus; - A daily amount of at least about 18 mg of phosphatidylserine.

5. The kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) the composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: - vitamin B1 in a daily amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 2 mg; - vitamin B2 in a daily amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 3 mg; - vitamin B6 in a daily amount ranging from about 0.9 mg to about 5 mg; - daily amounts ranging from about 6 mg to about 13 mg of zinc; - daily amounts ranging from about 8 mg to about 29 mg of iron; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 1.1 mg of copper; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g of histidine; - isoleucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g; - lysine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 3 g; - leucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 4 g; - Vitamin A in a daily amount ranging from about 400 μg to about 2600 μg; - daily amounts ranging from about 168 μg to about 460 μg of folate; - magnesium in a daily amount ranging from about 143 mg to about 369 mg; - a daily amount ranging from about 688 mg to about 1687 mg of phosphorus; - Potassium in a daily amount ranging from about 1267 mg to about 4085 mg; - daily amounts ranging from about 51 μg to about 150 μg of selenium; - daily amounts ranging from about 4 mg to about 68 mg of 3'-SL; - alanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.07 g to about 0.4 g of cystine; - daily amounts ranging from about 2 g to about 10 g of glutamate; - phenylalanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 g to about 3 g of proline; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g of serine; - a daily amount of threonine ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g; - a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g of tyrosine; and - daily amounts ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g of valine; b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 53 mg of DPA; - ARA in a daily amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g; - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 55 mg of sphingomyelin; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 5 g of phosphatidylcholine; - a daily amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 33 mg of stearidonic acid; - oligofructose in a daily amount ranging from about 1 g to about 7 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 23 mg of 6'-SL; - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 41 mg of stearate; - beta cryptoxanthin in a daily amount ranging from about 93 mg to about 484 mg; - alpha lactalbumin in a daily amount ranging from about 0.3 mg to about 1 mg; - daily amounts ranging from about 2 mg to about 15 mg of gangliosides; - a daily amount ranging from about 4 mg to about 59 mg of phosphatidylinositol; and - daily amounts ranging from about 16 mg to about 113 mg of 3'-SL; - a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.3 g of eicosatetraenoic acid; c) the composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - a daily amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.3 g of DHA; - daily amounts ranging from about 5 mg to about 96 mg of sphingomyelin; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.4 g to about 4 g of phosphatidylcholine; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 1 g of histidine; - isoleucine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g; - a daily amount of leucine ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g of valine; - alpha carotene in a daily amount ranging from about 214 mg to about 2087 mg; - daily amounts ranging from about 251 μg to about 400 μg of folate; - alpha lactalbumin in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 1 mg; - daily amounts ranging from about 2 mg to about 16 mg of gangliosides; - phosphatidylinositol in a daily amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g; - a daily amount ranging from about 0.05 g to about 0.9 g of phosphatidylethanolamine; - eicosenoic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.5 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 3 mg to about 70 mg of stearate; - a daily amount ranging from about 8 mg to about 46 mg of DPA; - Daily amounts ranging from 6 mg to about 102 mg of 3'-SL; - a daily amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 21 mg of 6'SL; - alanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g; - arginine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g; - aspartic acid in a daily amount ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g of cystine; - daily amounts ranging from about 2 g to about 11 g of glutamate; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.3 g to about 2 g of glycine; - lysine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.7 g to about 3 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.2 g to about 1 g of methionine; - phenylalanine in a daily amount ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 1 g to about 4 g of proline; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.6 g to about 2 g of serine; - a daily amount of threonine ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g; - a daily amount of tryptophan ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g; - daily amounts ranging from about 0.5 g to about 2 g of tyrosine; - alpha tocopherol in a daily amount ranging from about 6 mg to about 18 mg; - a daily amount ranging from about 6.8 mg to about 56 mg of stearidonic acid; - daily amounts ranging from about 8 mg to about 127 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid; - a daily amount ranging from about 894 mg to about 1475 mg of phosphorus; - Daily amounts ranging from about 18 mg to about 294 mg of phosphatidylserine.

6. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - Vitamin B1 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Vitamin B2 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Vitamin B6 in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - zinc in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Iron in an amount of at least about 2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - copper in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid; - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid; - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Vitamin A in an amount of at least about 81 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - folate in an amount of at least about 34 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - magnesium in an amount of at least about 29 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphorus in an amount of at least about 141 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Potassium in an amount of at least about 258 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - selenium in an amount of at least about 10 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Cystine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid; - glutamic acid in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid; - proline in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - serine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid; - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; and - valine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - an amount of at least about 0.6 mg of DPA per 100 mL of liquid; - ARA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of at least about 0.6 mg of sphingomyelin per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - oligofructose in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount of at least about 19 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Gangliosides in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.8 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of at least about 0.01 g of eicosatetraenoic acid per 100 mL of liquid; c) the composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the group consisting of: - DHA in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of at least about 1 mg of sphingomyelin per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylcholine in an amount of at least about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid; - histidine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - isoleucine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - leucine in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - valine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha carotene in an amount of at least about 43 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Folate in an amount of at least about 51 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha lactalbumin in an amount of at least about 0.02 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Gangliosides in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylinositol in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid; - eicosenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid; - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount of at least about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of at least about 2 mg of DPA per 100 mL of liquid; - 3'-SL in an amount of at least about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - 6'-SL in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - alanine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Arginine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - aspartic acid in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Cystine in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid; - glutamic acid in an amount of at least about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - glycine in an amount of at least about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - lysine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - methionine in an amount of at least about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid; - phenylalanine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - proline in an amount of at least about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - serine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - threonine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - tryptophan in an amount of at least about 0.02 g per 100 mL of liquid; - tyrosine in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha tocopherol in an amount of at least about 1.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - stearidonic acid in an amount of at least about 1.3 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount of at least about 1.7 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphorus in an amount of at least about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Phosphatidylserine in an amount of at least about 0.01 g per 100 mL of liquid.

7. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a) The composition A comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - Vitamin B1 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.4 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Vitamin B2 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 0.6 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Vitamin B6 in an amount ranging from about 0.2 mg to about 1 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - zinc in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 2.66 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Iron in an amount ranging from about 2 mg to about 6 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - copper in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - histidine in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - isoleucine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - lysine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid; - leucine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Vitamin A in an amount ranging from about 81 μg to about 532 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - folate in an amount ranging from about 34 μg to about 94 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - magnesium in an amount ranging from about 29 mg to about 75 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphorus in an amount ranging from about 141 mg to about 343 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - potassium in an amount ranging from about 258 mg to about 830 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - selenium in an amount ranging from about 10 μg to about 31 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - alanine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Cystine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid; - glutamic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - phenylalanine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - proline in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid; - serine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - threonine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - tyrosine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; and - valine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; b) The composition B comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - an amount of DPA ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - ARA in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.08 g per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of sphingomyelin ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 11 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylcholine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - stearidonic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 7 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - oligofructose in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - 6'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 5 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - beta cryptoxanthin in an amount ranging from about 19 mg to about 98 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha lactalbumin in an amount ranging from about 0.06 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Gangliosides in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylinositol in an amount ranging from about 0.8 mg to about 12 mg per 100 mL of liquid; and - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 3 mg to about 23 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - eicosatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; c) The composition C comprises at least three ingredients selected from the following: - DHA in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.06 g per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of sphingomyelin ranging from about 1 mg to about 20 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylcholine in an amount ranging from about 0.08 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid; - histidine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - isoleucine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - leucine in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid; - valine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha carotene in an amount ranging from about 43 mg to about 424 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - folate in an amount ranging from about 51 μg to about 82 μg per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha lactalbumin in an amount ranging from about 0.02 mg to about 0.2 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - Gangliosides in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 3 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylinositol in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.04 g per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphatidylethanolamine in an amount ranging from about 0.01 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - eicosenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.11 g per 100 mL of liquid; - stearatetraenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.6 mg to about 14 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - an amount of DPA ranging from about 2 mg to about 9 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - 3'-SL in an amount ranging from about 1 mg to about 21 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - 6'-SL in an amount ranging from about 0.4 mg to about 4 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - alanine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - arginine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - aspartic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid; - Cystine in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.1 g per 100 mL of liquid; - glutamic acid in an amount ranging from about 0.4 g to about 2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - glycine in an amount ranging from about 0.06 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - lysine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid; - methionine in an amount ranging from about 0.04 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; - phenylalanine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - proline in an amount ranging from about 0.2 g to about 0.8 g per 100 mL of liquid; - serine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.6 g per 100 mL of liquid; - threonine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - tryptophan in an amount ranging from about 0.02 g to about 0.2 g per 100 mL of liquid; and - tyrosine in an amount ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.4 g per 100 mL of liquid; - alpha tocopherol in an amount ranging from about 1.2 mg to about 3.7 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - stearidonic acid in an amount ranging from about 1.3 mg to about 116 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - eicosapentaenoic acid in an amount ranging from about 1.7 mg to about 26 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - phosphorus in an amount ranging from about 0.1 mg to about 300 mg per 100 mL of liquid; - An amount of phosphatidylserine in the range of about 0.01 mg to about 60 mg per 100 mL of liquid.

8. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the compositions comprises at least four, or at least five, or at least six ingredients selected from the group.

9. A kit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the compositions differ from one another in at least one, or at least two, or at least three, or at least four of the ingredients comprised.

10. A kit according to any preceding claim, wherein the young individual is a human, a pet, an infant, a toddler or a child.

11. A method for promoting brain myelination in a target brain region of a young individual, the method comprising sequentially administering to the young individual a kit according to any one of the preceding claims.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain.

13. A phased feeding regimen for young individuals, the phased feeding regimen comprising the following steps: a) administering the composition A according to claim 1 to claim 10 at an age of 0 to 20 months; b) administering the composition B according to claim 1 to claim 10 at an age of 20 to 30 months; c) administering the composition C according to claim 1 to claim 10 at an age of 30 to 66 months.

14. Use of the phased feeding regimen according to claim 13 for promoting myelination in target brain regions.

15. Use of a phase feeding regimen according to claim 14, wherein the target brain region is at least one region of the social brain.

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