Facility greenhouse fig two-crop-in-one-year cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a facility greenhouse fig two-crop-in-one-year cultivation method which comprises the steps that a planting container and fig plants are selected, the fig plants start to be planted in a greenhouse in early February, root systems of the fig plants are pretreated and then planted in the container, then the fig plants are immediately and thoroughly watered, and a plant growth regulator and a bactericide are subjected to drip irrigation 7 days later; during first crop production, stumping and trunk fixing are conducted on figs in the middle ten days of February, and strong branches are selected and reserved for cultivation after young shoots germinate; prohexadione calcium is used for controlling vigorous growth every 10-15 days in the rapid growth period of the young sprouts, pinching is conducted when the young sprouts grow to 1.5 m, then lateral buds are removed, and fruits are mature from July to August; the figs are stumped in mid-to-late August, 2-3 buds are reserved on each fruiting branch for re-shearing, 1-2 young shoots in proper directions are selected and reserved on each branch after germination to culture new fruiting branches, and the rest of the young shoots are all removed; covering the greenhouse and raising the temperature in late October, wherein fruits are mature from January to February in the next year. The method is simple, convenient, feasible, efficient and low in cost, is not limited by ground temperature, and can be sold on the market in different seasons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse suitable for cold and arid areas (such as southern Xinjiang). Background Art

[0002] Figs can bear fruit in the same year they are planted, and enter the high-yield period in the second year, with obvious economic benefits. At present, the main fig variety in southern Xinjiang is the local yellow variety Zaohuang. In recent years, new fig varieties such as Bojihong, Balaonai, and Masyitaofen have become increasingly popular in the market, and are also favored by leisure picking gardens and agricultural cooperatives. Various regions in southern Xinjiang are also actively introducing and developing them. However, under the conditions of open-field natural cultivation, its maturity period is in September, and only 1 / 3 of the fruits can mature when frost hits in October, resulting in a waste of about 2 / 3 of the yield, and it needs to be buried in the soil for wintering, which is costly and low in efficiency.

[0003] The above problems can be effectively avoided by adopting greenhouse cultivation. Figs are now mostly planted in greenhouses, and micro-environment regulation is used to achieve normal maturity and safe wintering of figs. However, the current method of greenhouse cultivation of figs adopted by the industry is mainly a one-year cultivation and management method. This method has problems such as low ground temperature in early spring, late germination, long production cycle, concentrated maturity period, low effective yield, and low comprehensive economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing method for cultivating figs in greenhouses with one crop per year, the present application proposes a new method for cultivating figs in greenhouses with two crops per year, which is suitable for cold and arid areas (such as southern Xinjiang).

[0005] The present application aims to provide a method for cultivating figs in a greenhouse twice a year, which is not restricted by ground temperature, can be put on the market in different seasons, and can achieve efficient production.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] Specifically, the present application provides a method for cultivating figs in a greenhouse twice a year, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps: S1. Container planting: Select planting containers and fig plants, start planting in the greenhouse in early February, trim the root system of the fig plants during planting, and then soak them in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil. After drying in the shade, plant the fig plants in the container, water them thoroughly immediately after planting, and drip-irrigate with plant growth regulators and fungicides after 7 days; S2. First production: In mid-February, the figs are cut flat and fixed, and strong branches are selected for cultivation after new shoots sprout. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, 400-600 times of calcium cyclohexadione is used every 10-15 days to control growth. When the new shoots grow to 1.5m, they are topped and the side buds are removed after topping. The fruits mature in July and August. S3. Second production: In mid-to-late August, the figs are pruned flat, and each fruiting branch is heavily pruned with 2-3 buds left. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are all removed. In late October, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised according to the temperature changes, and the fruits mature in January and February of the following year.

[0008] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the planting container in step S1 of the method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse of the present application includes but is not limited to: a non-woven bag, a root control container or a purple clay pot; the diameter of the planting container is 30-45 cm and the height is 25-45 cm.

[0009] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the age of the fig plants described in step S1 of the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs of the present application is 2 years old or perennial.

[0010] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the method for cultivating greenhouse figs twice a year in the present application, wherein the soaking treatment in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil as described in step S1 comprises: soaking the roots of the fig plants in a mixture of 600-800 times rooting powder and 700-800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and then taking them out; The step of planting the fig plant in the container comprises: firstly filling the container with 40% of the substrate, then placing the fig plant in the middle of the container, and then filling the container with the remaining substrate, and after filling, slightly lifting the root system of the fig plant upwards, and compacting it by shaking, so that the amount of the substrate filled in the container is flush with the position where the root neck of the fig plant emerges from the ground; The plant growth regulator and fungicide for drip irrigation comprises: drip irrigation with 25,000 times of Bihu and 800 times of 30% oxazolidinone.

[0011] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the substrate used in the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs of the present application is composed of raw materials in the following mass ratios: Garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter = 8:1:0.5:0.5.

[0012] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the fixing of the stems in step S2 of the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs of the present application is performed within 10 cm from the container opening.

[0013] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, the method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse of the present application further comprises in step S2: In the early stage of the first crop, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.2-0.3%; In the middle and late stages of the first crop, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer should be applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.3-0.5%; When the outside temperature is stable above 25℃, ventilate to keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the outside; Pest and disease control is carried out by hanging yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid or ozone generator.

[0014] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, in the first production in step S2 of the twice-a-year cultivation method of greenhouse figs in the present application, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 22-28°C during the germination and new shoot growth period during the day and at 15-18°C at night, the air humidity is maintained at 60%-80%, and the soil humidity is maintained at 40%-60%.

[0015] Optionally, according to some embodiments of the present application, in the method for cultivating greenhouse figs twice a year in the present application, the water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity control cultivation management measures for the second production in step S3 are exactly the same as those for the first production in step S2.

[0016] In addition, the present application also relates to the application of the above-mentioned greenhouse fig cultivation method for two crops a year in fig tree cultivation production.

[0017] In summary, this application uses a greenhouse to control the root cultivation of figs, which solves the problems of low ground temperature, late fig germination, high heating cost for off-season cultivation, and low efficiency of one harvest per year in traditional facility soil cultivation, and achieves the goal of two harvests per year in facility fig cultivation. This method has the advantages of being simple, easy to operate, efficient, and low-cost, and can significantly improve the economic benefits of fig cultivation, and has broad application prospects in fig cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 The figure is a flowchart of the overall implementation of the present application method.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a picture of the first batch of plants produced in the present application method.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a picture of the second crop of plants produced in the present application method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of them. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application.

[0023] At the same time, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terms used in the examples of the present application are for describing specific embodiments rather than for limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] When the embodiment gives a numerical range, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified in the present application, the two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used in this application have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. In addition to the specific methods, equipment, and materials used in the embodiments, according to the prior art mastery and the records of this application by those skilled in the art, any method, equipment, and material of the prior art similar or equivalent to the method, equipment, and material described in the embodiments of the present application can also be used to implement this application. In this application, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are weight units, and if not otherwise specified, all instruments and reagents can be obtained from commercial sources or are commonly used in this industry. The experimental methods and operations in the following embodiments, if not otherwise specified, are conventional experimental methods and operations in this area.

[0025] Embodiment: A method for growing figs twice a year in a greenhouse The method comprises the following steps: 1. Variety selection The recommended varieties are Bruges, Brunswick, Masyi-Taufin, and Balaunay, and the tree should be more than 2 years old.

[0026] Container planting Planting containers should be non-woven bags, root control containers, purple sand pots, etc., with a diameter of 30-45cm and a height of 25-45cm. Start planting in the greenhouse in early February, trim the roots during planting, and then soak them in a mixture of 600-800 times rooting powder and 700-800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and dry in the shade. First fill the container with 40% of the substrate (garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter mass ratio = 8:1:0.5:0.5), then place the fig tree in the middle of the container, and then fill the container with the configured substrate. After filling, lift the roots slightly upwards and press them down. The amount of substrate filled in the container should be flush with the position of the fig root neck. Insert 1-2 drip arrows in each container, water it thoroughly immediately after planting, and drip irrigate with Bihu + oxazolidinone once after 7 days.

[0027] (III) First batch of production In mid-February, the figs were cut flat and fixed within 10cm from the container mouth. After the new shoots sprouted, two strong branches were selected for cultivation. During the rapid growth period of the new shoots, 400-600 times of calcium cyclohexane was used to control the growth every 10-15 days. When the new shoots grow to 1.5m, they were pinched and the side buds were removed in time after pinching. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, and water-soluble fertilizers were selected. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used in the early stage, and the fertilizer concentration was preferably 0.2-0.3%. In the middle and late stages, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer were mainly used, and the fertilizer concentration was preferably 0.3-0.5%. During the germination and new shoot growth period, the temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 22-28℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night. The air humidity was maintained at 60%-80%, and the soil humidity was maintained at 40%-60%. When the outside temperature was stable above 25℃ around mid-May, attention was paid to ventilation to keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the outside. Yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid, and ozone generators are used to control pests and diseases. The fruits mature gradually from July to August. Remove the old leaves at the bottom in time when harvesting, and keep ventilation and light. The first batch of plants is shown in the following figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0028] (IV) Second crop production Figs are cut flat in mid-to-late August, and each fruiting branch is pruned with 2-3 buds. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are all removed. The cultivation and management measures such as water and fertilizer management, temperature and humidity control are the same as the first production. After late October, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised in time according to the temperature changes. The fruits mature gradually from January to February. The pictures of the plants produced in the second production are as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0029] Fig cultivation comparative test: 1. Variety selection The variety chosen is the large-fruited variety Bojihong, with purple-red peel and red flesh. The seedling diameter is 2.5 cm, the root system is intact, without mechanical damage and pests and diseases, and the tree is 3 years old.

[0030] (ii) Planting (1) Field planting Plant in the field in late April. When planting, dig a planting pit with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 40cm. The rows are arranged in a north-south direction with a spacing of 1.5m×2m. Before planting, trim the root system of the fig, and then soak it in a mixture of 800 times rooting powder and 800 times thiabendazim for 30 seconds and then dry it in the shade. When planting, place the fig tree in the center of the planting pit, and then backfill the soil into the planting pit. While backfilling, lift the root system slightly upward to allow the root system to fully stretch. The backfill soil should be level with the original unearthed position of the fig root neck after being pressed and compacted. Water it thoroughly immediately after planting, and irrigate the root area once with 25,000 times Bihu and 800 times 30% oxadiazine after 7 days.

[0031] (2) Greenhouse cultivation Planting was carried out in the greenhouse in late March. When planting, a planting pit was dug with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 40cm. The rows were arranged in a north-south direction with a spacing of 1.5m×2m. The root system of the fig was trimmed before planting, and then soaked in a mixture of 800 times rooting powder and 800 times thiabendazim for 30 seconds and then dried in the shade. When planting, the fig tree was placed in the center of the planting pit, and then backfilled with soil in the planting pit. While backfilling, the roots were slightly lifted up to allow the roots to fully stretch. The height of the backfilled soil was pressed and compacted to be flush with the original position of the root neck of the fig. Water it thoroughly immediately after planting, and irrigate the root area once with 25,000 times of Bihu and 800 times of 30% oxadiazine 7 days later.

[0032] (3) Greenhouse + container planting The planting container is a 35cm×40cm (caliber×height) non-woven bag. Planting began in the greenhouse in early February, with a row spacing of 1.0m×0.4m. The roots were trimmed during planting, and then soaked in a mixture of 800 times rooting powder and 800 times chlorothalonil for 30 seconds and then dried in the shade. First fill the non-woven bag with 40% of the matrix (garden soil: decomposed sheep manure: straw crushed material: river sand mass ratio = 8:1:0.5:0.5), then place the fig tree in the middle of the non-woven bag, and then fill the non-woven bag with the prepared matrix. After filling, lift the roots slightly upwards, and press and squat. The matrix filling amount in the non-woven bag should be flush with the position of the fig root neck unearthed. Insert a drip arrow in each container, water it thoroughly immediately after planting, and drip irrigate once with 25,000 times Bihu and 800 times 30% oxadiazine after 7 days.

[0033] (III) Production (1) Field production Figs were cut flat in early May, and two strong branches were selected for cultivation after figs began to sprout. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, 500 times of calcium cyclamate was used every 15 days to control the growth. When the new shoots grow to 1.8m, they were pinched, and the side buds were removed in time after pinching. Water and fertilizer management was strengthened, and water-soluble fertilizers were selected. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used in the early stage, with an application rate of 15kg per mu. Phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer were mainly used in the middle and late stages, with an application rate of 25kg per mu. The soil moisture content was maintained at 60%. Pest and disease control was carried out by hanging yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid, etc. The fruits began to mature in late August. Remove the lower old leaves in time when harvesting, and keep ventilation and light transmission.

[0034] (2) Greenhouse production Figs were cut flat in early April, and two strong branches were selected for cultivation after figs began to sprout. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, 500 times of calcium cyclohexane was used to control growth every 10 days. When the new shoots grow to 2.0m, they were pinched, and the side buds were removed in time after pinching. Water and fertilizer management was strengthened, and water-soluble fertilizers were selected. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used in the early stage, with an application rate of 15kg per mu. Phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer were mainly used in the middle and late stages, with an application rate of 25kg per mu. The soil moisture content was maintained at 60%. Pest and disease control was carried out by hanging yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid, ozone generators, etc. The fruits began to mature in mid-June. Remove the lower old leaves in time when harvesting, and keep ventilation and light transmission.

[0035] (3) Greenhouse + container production (a) First crop production In mid-February, the figs were cut flat and fixed within 10 cm from the container mouth. After the new shoots sprouted, two strong branches were selected for cultivation. During the rapid growth period of the new shoots, 500 times of calcium cyclohexane was used to control the growth every 10 days. When the new shoots grow to 1.5m, they were pinched and the side buds were removed in time after pinching. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, and water-soluble fertilizers were selected for fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers were mainly used in the early stage, and the fertilizer concentration was 0.2%. Phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and calcium fertilizers were mainly used in the middle and late stages, and the fertilizer concentration was 0.4%. During the germination and new shoot growth period, the temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 26℃ during the day and 18℃ at night. The air humidity was maintained at 70% and the soil humidity was maintained at 50%. When the outside temperature was stable above 25℃ around mid-May, attention was paid to ventilation to keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the outside world. Pest and disease control was carried out by hanging yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid, ozone generators, etc. The fruits matured from July to August. Remove the lower old leaves in time when harvesting to keep ventilation and light transmission.

[0036] (b) Second crop production Figs are cut flat in mid-to-late August, and each fruiting branch is pruned heavily with 2-3 buds left. After budding, two new shoots with suitable locations and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are all removed. The cultivation and management measures such as water and fertilizer management, temperature and humidity control are the same as the first crop production. After late October, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised in time according to the temperature changes. The fruits mature gradually from January to February.

[0037] The cultivation results of the above three production methods are shown in the following table:

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Any technician familiar with the profession can make slight changes or modifications to the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application to obtain equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for growing figs twice a year in a greenhouse, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1. Container planting: Select planting containers and fig plants, start planting in the greenhouse in early February, trim the root system of the fig plants during planting, and then soak them in a mixture of rooting powder and chlorothalonil. After drying in the shade, plant the fig plants in the container, water them thoroughly immediately after planting, and drip-irrigate with plant growth regulators and fungicides after 7 days; S2. First production: In mid-February, the figs are cut flat and fixed, and strong branches are selected for cultivation after new shoots sprout. During the rapid growth period of new shoots, 400-600 times of calcium cyclohexadione is used every 10-15 days to control growth. When the new shoots grow to 1.5m, they are topped and the side buds are removed after topping. The fruits mature in July and August. S3. Second production: In mid-to-late August, the figs are pruned flat, and each fruiting branch is heavily pruned with 2-3 buds left. After budding, 1-2 new shoots with suitable orientation and space are selected from each branch to cultivate new fruiting branches, and the rest are all removed. In late October, the greenhouse is covered and the temperature is raised according to the temperature changes, and the fruits mature in January and February of the following year.

2. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting container in step S1 is a non-woven bag, a root control container or a purple clay pot; the diameter of the planting container is 30-45 cm and the height is 25-45 cm.

3. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fig plants in step S1 are 2-year-old or perennial.

4. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking treatment in the mixed solution of rooting powder and thiophanate-methyl in step S1 comprises: soaking the roots of the fig plants in the mixed solution of 600-800 times rooting powder and 700-800 times thiophanate-methyl for 30 seconds and then taking them out; The step of planting the fig plant in the container comprises: firstly filling the container with 40% of the substrate, then placing the fig plant in the middle of the container, and then filling the container with the remaining substrate, and after filling, slightly lifting the root system of the fig plant upwards, and compacting it by shaking, so that the amount of the substrate filled in the container is flush with the position where the root neck of the fig plant emerges from the ground; The plant growth regulator and fungicide for drip irrigation comprises: drip irrigation with 25,000 times of Bihu and 800 times of 30% oxazolidinone.

5. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 4, characterized in that: The matrix is ​​composed of the following raw materials in mass ratio: Garden soil: organic fertilizer: organic matter: particulate matter = 8:1:0.5:0.

5.

6. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying in step S2 is performed within 10 cm from the container opening.

7. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 also includes: In the early stage of the first crop, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.2-0.3%; In the middle and late stages of the first crop, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium fertilizer should be applied at a fertilizer concentration of 0.3-0.5%; When the outside temperature is stable above 25℃, ventilate to keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse consistent with the outside; Pest and disease control is carried out by hanging yellow boards, sweet and sour liquid or ozone generator.

8. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, during the first production, the temperature in the greenhouse during the germination and new shoot growth period is controlled at 22-28° C. during the day and 15-18° C. at night, the air humidity is maintained at 60%-80%, and the soil humidity is maintained at 40%-60%.

9. The method for cultivating figs twice a year in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management and temperature and humidity control cultivation management measures for the second crop production in step S3 are exactly the same as those for the first crop production in step S2.

10. Application of the twice-a-year cultivation method for greenhouse figs according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in fig tree cultivation and production.

Images