Astronaut back bone muscle confrontation training method and device in microgravity environment

Abstract

The invention discloses an astronaut back bone muscle confrontation training method and equipment in a microgravity environment, and belongs to the technical field of astronaut microgravity life health protection. According to training equipment setting parameters and user training feedback parameters, a feedback real-time automatic adjustment training method is constructed, different training loading modes are set by controlling the working number of the pneumatic artificial muscles, and different training loading load types are set by controlling the air inlet rate of the pneumatic artificial muscles; a pressure sensor is used for collecting bone and muscle parameters of a user in a specific training loading mode and feeding back and adjusting training equipment setting parameters, and a training effect picture is output according to an air pressure detection value and time. According to the invention, multi-degree-of-freedom and multi-mode load loading is carried out on back bones and muscles of astronauts in a microgravity environment, meanwhile, the load type is adjustable, and the device is light and portable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microgravity life and health protection for astronauts, and in particular relates to a method and equipment for back bone muscle antagonism training for astronauts in a microgravity environment. Background Art

[0002] Long-term microgravity has a certain degree of impact on the astronauts' musculoskeletal joint system, including muscle atrophy, bone density reduction, joint diseases, etc. Studies have shown that exercise is an effective physical countermeasure to the physiological effects of weightlessness. At present, there are three main types of astronaut training equipment in microgravity: treadmills, resistance training equipment, and aerobic training equipment. Through uninterrupted training, the impact of the microgravity environment on the musculoskeletal system can be mitigated.

[0003] Although astronauts insist on 2 hours of resistance exercise per day, the short- to medium-term (4-6 months) microgravity environment has already caused significant structural and functional changes in the astronauts' spine. After a long-term (i.e. 117-213 days) mission to the International Space Station, despite the adoption of high-intensity exercise measures, the astronauts' spinal muscles still obviously atrophy by 20%-40%, and the bone loss is 1% / month (referenced to the bone loss rate of 1% / year for the elderly on the ground). After returning to the ground from a long-term microgravity environment, the astronauts' intervertebral disc herniation rate is 4.3 times that of the reference group on Earth. The reason is that most of the microgravity resistance training equipment that has been developed so far is mainly designed for limb muscle training, and is not very targeted at the back muscular system, which ultimately leads to little effect on back training despite sufficient training time.

[0004] Currently, there are no specific training methods and equipment to combat the back bone and muscle loss in astronauts in a microgravity environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method and equipment for astronaut back bone muscle antagonism training in a microgravity environment, which can be used to perform antagonism training on astronaut back bone muscle in a microgravity environment.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted is:

[0007] A method for back bone muscle antagonism training for astronauts in a microgravity environment, wherein load loading points are symmetrically designed above the clavicle of both shoulders, and the load direction is vertically downward, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Obtain a human body model, simulate the human body model using biomechanical simulation software, and obtain the relationship between body mass index BMI, training load, and training effect;

[0009] S2. Using the relationship between training load and training effect, find the optimal training load under a certain body mass index (BMI);

[0010] S3. Verify the training effect under the optimal training load through biomechanical software simulation and examine the recovery of various biomechanical parameters.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, a training load is applied vertically downward at the load loading point for training, and the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc are analyzed by biomechanical simulation software, and the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc of the human body model after training are compared with the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc of the human body model under a 1G gravity environment, and the relative difference between the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc after training and the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc under a 1G gravity environment is used to quantify the training effect, and the smaller the relative difference, the better the training effect, and the numerical relationship between the relative difference and the training load is obtained, wherein the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc include lumbar intervertebral disc water content, lumbar intervertebral disc morphology, lumbar intervertebral disc stress, paravertebral ligament force and muscle force;

[0012] In step S2, under the determined body mass index BMI, the relative difference under different training load values ​​and the training load value show a segmented characteristic, and will reach a minimum value near a certain value. The training load value corresponding to the minimum value is the optimal training load under this body mass index BMI.

[0013] The device for the astronaut back bone muscle confrontation training method in a microgravity environment includes a main structure, a drive module, and a detection and control module:

[0014] The main structure includes two symmetrical shoulder straps, four pneumatic artificial muscles, a distance adjustment belt, a waist fixing belt, a restraining ring, a leg fixing belt, a waist adjustment buckle, a leg adjustment buckle, a leg ring height adjustment buckle and a length adjustment buckle: the two symmetrical shoulder straps are respectively placed on the load loading points, and the four pneumatic artificial muscles are respectively located on the front chest and back chest of the left side and the front chest and back chest of the right side; the pneumatic artificial muscles are respectively connected to the shoulder straps and the waist fixing belt, and the waist fixing belt is connected to the leg fixing belt through the restraining ring;

[0015] The driving module includes a micro air pump and a throttle valve;

[0016] The detection and control module comprises an air pressure sensor and a single chip microcomputer, and the air pressure sensor is connected to the pneumatic artificial muscle.

[0017] Preferably, the device has the following loading modes:

[0018] a: Four pneumatic artificial muscles are ventilated simultaneously to pressurize the entire skeletal muscle;

[0019] b: Two pneumatic artificial muscles at the front and back chest positions on the right side are ventilated to perform pressurized training on the right skeletal muscles;

[0020] c: Two pneumatic artificial muscles at the front and back chest positions on the left side are ventilated to perform pressurized training on the left skeletal muscles;

[0021] The loading load types include: dynamic load, static load, and dynamic and static combined load.

[0022] The present invention discloses a method and device for astronaut back bone muscle antagonism training in a microgravity environment. A set of effective antagonism training methods and devices for astronaut back bone muscle system are designed. Specific load training can be achieved for specific parts of the user's back bone muscle by setting the loading mode and load type required by the user.

[0023] The present invention discloses a method and equipment for astronaut back bone muscle antagonism training in a microgravity environment, which is of great significance to the back bone muscle antagonism training of astronauts in microgravity, and is of great value to the research and development of real-time non-destructive monitoring methods, technologies and equipment for bone muscle structure and function in a microgravity environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a wearing schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the overall method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a graph showing the experimental results of the contraction force of the shoulder strap and the air pressure of the pneumatic artificial muscle of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a method for astronaut back bone muscle antagonism training in a microgravity environment. A load loading point is designed at a symmetrical fixed position above the shoulder clavicles. The load direction is vertically downward. Different training loads are used to perform antagonism training on the astronaut's back bone muscle according to different astronaut body shapes and different microgravity environments. The method for setting the training strategy includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Use biomechanical simulation software to simulate the human body model and analyze the synchronous change relationship between the size of the antagonistic load and the antagonistic effect;

[0030] S2, establishing a data relationship model of body mass index BMI, resistance load and resistance effect by analyzing the multiple groups of data obtained in step S1;

[0031] S3, using the confrontation load and confrontation effect data relationship to find the optimal training load under a certain BMI;

[0032] S4. Verify the training effect under the optimal training load through biomechanical software simulation and examine the recovery of various biomechanical parameters, such as intervertebral disc pressure and intervertebral disc morphology.

[0033] In step S1, various human body model data including various BMI, microgravity and 1G gravity resistance load magnitude and resistance effect data.

[0034] In step S2, the antagonistic effect is quantified using the biomechanical parameters of the back musculoskeletal system. The training effects of the five segments of the lumbar disc, L1L2, L2L3, L3L4, L4L5, and L5S1, are quantified separately. The parameters after training are compared with those in a 1G gravity environment, and the relative change rate of the biomechanical parameters is used to characterize the quality of the training effect, and the quantitative relationship between the relative change rate and the training load is obtained.

[0035] In step S3, under a determined BMI, the relative change rate and the training load under different training loads present a segmented characteristic, and will reach a minimum value near a certain value. The training load corresponding to this point is the optimal training load under this BMI.

[0036] The astronaut back bone muscle confrontation training method and equipment in a microgravity environment are used for confrontation training. The equipment includes a main structure, a drive module, and a detection and control module. The main structure is used to wear and fix the equipment and ensure that the load is applied to the shoulders on both sides. The drive module is used to implement the training load applied by the equipment, and the detection and control module is used to monitor and control the working mode of the equipment.

[0037] The main structure of the device includes shoulder straps (1), pneumatic artificial muscles (2), distance adjustment belts (3), waist fixing belts (4), restraining rings (5), leg fixing belts (6), waist adjustment buckles (7), leg adjustment buckles (8), leg ring height adjustment buckles (9) and length adjustment buckles (10), wherein the pneumatic artificial muscles are connected to the shoulder straps and waist fixing belts respectively. The waist fixing belt is connected to the leg fixing belts through the restraining rings. The shoulder straps (1) on both sides ensure that the load of the device is applied to the shoulders on both sides. There are four pneumatic artificial muscles (2) located on the front chest and back respectively, and the distance between them is controlled by the distance adjustment belt (3). The pneumatic artificial muscles are ventilated by an air pump to generate contraction force, and training methods with different loading modes and load types are realized by controlling the number and air pressure. The waist adjustment buckle (7) and the leg adjustment buckle (8) respectively play the role of fixing the waist belt and the leg belt, and the waist belt is fixed at a specific position of the waist through the crotch, so that the load applied during training only acts on the upper body of the human body. The leg strap height adjustment buckle (9) plays a role in adjusting different heights according to the length of the legs.

[0038] The driving module includes a micro air pump, a throttle valve and a pair of switch solenoid valves. The detection and control module includes an air pressure sensor and a single-chip microcomputer, and the air pressure sensor is connected to the pneumatic artificial muscle (2). The detection and control module is used to monitor and control the working mode of the device. The device has three loading modes:

[0039] 1) Four muscles are ventilated at the same time, which can increase the pressure on the entire back muscles;

[0040] 2) Ventilate the two muscles of the right chest and back to perform pressure training on the right skeletal muscles;

[0041] 3) Ventilate the left chest and back muscles and perform pressure training on the left skeletal muscles.

[0042] The loading load types include three types: dynamic load, static load, and dynamic and static combined load.

[0043] Figure 2 The overall method flow chart of the invention includes:

[0044] The user wears the training equipment, fixes the leg straps on the legs, the waist belt on the waist, and the shoulder straps on the shoulders. The four artificial muscles are divided into two parts, located on the front chest and back of the human body respectively.

[0045] The tightness of the waist belt and leg straps can be adjusted by the waist adjustment buckle and leg adjustment buckle to achieve a comfortable and fixed effect. The height of the leg strap can be adjusted by the leg height adjustment buckle according to the length of the leg. The height of each artificial muscle can be adjusted by the length adjustment buckle, and the distance between the two artificial muscles on the front chest and back can be adjusted by the distance adjustment belt to achieve a comfortable wearing state.

[0046] The device is preloaded, and four pneumatic artificial muscles are inflated simultaneously for 5 seconds. The air pressure in each muscle is adjusted to make the air pressure in each muscle the same, and then the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes;

[0047] The height of each artificial muscle is adjusted by the length adjustment buckle to keep the pressure sensor values ​​of the two shoulder straps consistent.

[0048] Initialize the device parameters, record the preloaded pressure value as f0 at time t0, and initialize the preloaded air pressure and other values ​​to zero.

[0049] Set parameters according to training needs, and choose unilateral, bilateral or overall force loading by controlling the ventilation amount of the four muscles. Choose dynamic load, static load or dynamic and static combined load by controlling the speed, time and change rate of ventilation.

[0050] like Figure 3As shown, there is an approximately linear relationship between the internal air pressure of the pneumatic artificial muscle and the shoulder contraction force. The training effect can be indirectly reflected by the output of the air pressure sensor and the time-varying process diagram of the air pressure.

[0051] The working principle is as follows: the user puts on the training equipment, adjusts the length through the buttons to achieve the most comfortable wearing state, and then passes a certain amount of air through the pneumatic artificial muscle to give it a certain prestress. After that, the control setting parameters and the pressure sensor f0 at time t0 are initialized, and then the loading mode is selected by controlling the working amount of the pneumatic artificial muscle, and the load type is selected by controlling the ventilation process of the pneumatic artificial muscle. Finally, the shoulder strap pressure sensor outputs a curve graph of its pressure value changing over time to quantitatively reflect the training effect.

Claims

1. A method for back muscular antagonism training for astronauts in a microgravity environment, characterized by: The load application points are designed symmetrically above the clavicle of both shoulders, and the load direction is vertically downward. The method comprises the following steps: S1. Obtain a human body model, simulate the human body model using biomechanical simulation software, and obtain the relationship between body mass index BMI, training load, and training effect; S2. Using the relationship between training load and training effect, find the optimal training load under a certain body mass index (BMI); S3. Verify the training effect under the optimal training load through biomechanical software simulation and examine the recovery of various biomechanical parameters.

2. The method for astronaut back bone muscle antagonism training in a microgravity environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a training load is applied vertically downward at a load loading point for training, and the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc are analyzed by biomechanical simulation software. The biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc of the human body model after training are compared with the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc of the human body model under a 1G gravity environment. The relative difference between the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc after training and the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc under a 1G gravity environment is used to quantify the training effect. The smaller the relative difference, the better the training effect. The numerical relationship between the relative difference and the training load is obtained, wherein the biomechanical parameters of the lumbar intervertebral disc include lumbar intervertebral disc water content, lumbar intervertebral disc morphology, lumbar intervertebral disc stress, paravertebral ligament force and muscle force; In step S2, under the determined body mass index BMI, the relative difference under different training load values ​​and the training load value show a segmented characteristic, and will reach a minimum value near a certain value. The training load value corresponding to the minimum value is the optimal training load under this body mass index BMI.

3. A device for the astronaut back muscular antagonism training method in a microgravity environment according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The equipment includes the main structure, drive module, detection and control module: The main structure comprises two symmetrical shoulder straps (1), four pneumatic artificial muscles (2), a distance adjustment belt (3), a waist fixing belt (4), a restraining ring (5), a leg fixing belt (6), a waist adjustment buckle (7), a leg adjustment buckle (8), a leg ring height adjustment buckle (9) and a length adjustment buckle (10): the two symmetrical shoulder straps (1) are respectively placed on the load loading points, and the four pneumatic artificial muscles (2) are respectively located on the front chest and back chest of the left side and the front chest and back chest of the right side; the pneumatic artificial muscles (2) are respectively connected to the shoulder straps (1) and the waist fixing belt (4), and the waist fixing belt (4) is connected to the leg fixing belt (6) through the restraining ring (5); The driving module includes a micro air pump and a throttle valve; The detection and control module comprises an air pressure sensor and a single chip microcomputer, and the air pressure sensor is connected to the pneumatic artificial muscle (2).

4. The device for astronaut back bone muscle antagonism training method in a microgravity environment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The device has 3 loading modes: a): Four pneumatic artificial muscles (2) are ventilated simultaneously to train the entire skeletal muscle; b): Two pneumatic artificial muscles (2) at the front and back chest positions on the right side are ventilated to perform pressure training on the right skeletal muscles; c): Two pneumatic artificial muscles (2) at the left front and back chest positions are ventilated to perform pressure training on the left skeletal muscles; The loading load types include three types: dynamic load, static load, and dynamic and static combined load.

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