Cutting-well-free medium-length hole groove broaching method for inclined thick and large ore body

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutting-well-free medium-length hole groove broaching method for an inclined thick and large ore body, which is characterized in that a stope is arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, and comprises the following steps of: (1) constructing a stope rock drilling gate way from a subsection gate way to an ore body hanging wall, and constructing a cutting cross way along the boundary line of the ore body hanging wall; (2) medium-length holes which are obliquely and upwards arranged in a fan shape are constructed from the drilling drift to the hanging wall boundary line; (3) shallow holes are constructed in the positions, corresponding to the medium-length holes, of the two sides of the rock drilling gate way; and (4) the cutting transverse roadway is used as an initial blasting compensation space, multiple times of medium-length hole and shallow hole collaborative millisecond blasting are adopted, and the cutting groove is formed through successive extrusion blasting. Aiming at the problem that groove broaching of the inclined thick and large ore body is difficult, the characteristic that the inclination angle of the ore body is small is utilized, the hanging wall boundary of the ore body serves as the bottom boundary of the groove broaching medium-length hole, the shallow holes are formed in the two sides of the rock drilling gate way, and therefore the space after transverse roadway cutting, rock drilling gate way and shallow hole blasting serves as the medium-length hole blasting compensation space; and retreating type cutting-well-free blasting groove broaching perpendicular to the trend of the ore body is carried out, and a triangular prism type cutting groove matched with the inclined ore body is formed. The process is simple, but high in efficiency and high in safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal and non-metal mining, and in particular relates to a deep hole grooving method for a thick and inclined ore body without cutting in a well. Background Art

[0002] In the field of metal and non-metal mining, ore bodies with a dip angle of 30-50° are classified as inclined ore bodies, and inclined ore bodies are difficult to mine.

[0003] Mining of inclined ore bodies with a thickness below medium cannot fully utilize gravity to remove the ore, resulting in difficulty in removing the ore.

[0004] The mining area of ​​inclined thick and large ore bodies is generally arranged perpendicular to the ore body trend, with retreat from the upper wall to the lower wall of the ore body, and medium-deep hole mining. To adopt medium-deep hole mining, the cutting project including cutting cross lanes and cutting wells must be arranged in the upper wall of the ore body, and then upward medium-deep holes are drilled in the cutting cross lanes around the cutting wells, and cutting grooves are formed by blasting as compensation space for subsequent medium-deep hole blasting.

[0005] However, it is difficult to construct cutting wells in the upper wall of inclined thick ore bodies because it is difficult to use a shaft drill due to the gentle inclination of the ore body. Therefore, artificial shallow hole drilling and blasting are used, and the construction is carried out by excavating upward along the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body. The working conditions are harsh, the efficiency is low, and the construction safety risks are high. In addition, when arranging medium and deep holes around the inclined cutting wells, in order to meet the gravity mining of the collapsed ore, it is necessary to destroy the local roof and lose part of the ore body, resulting in ore loss and depletion.

[0006] CN201610628820.4 discloses a method for symmetrical forced grooving of ultra-high non-cutting well inclination lines. However, in this method, the grooving of medium-deep holes does not utilize the conditions of the ore body, the bottom boundary of the blasthole is an artificially set plumb plane, the angle between the medium-deep hole and the plumb plane is small, the blasting clamping is large, and the success rate of forced grooving is low. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for deep hole grooving in a well without cutting in a thick and inclined ore body in view of the above-mentioned defects.

[0008] The method for deep hole grooving in a non-cutting well of an inclined thick ore body provided by the present invention has a stope arranged perpendicular to the ore body, and comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Drilling tunnels from the sub-level tunnels to the upper wall of the ore body, and cutting horizontal tunnels along the boundary line of the upper wall of the ore body;

[0010] (2) Medium-depth holes arranged in a fan-shaped pattern are constructed from the rock drilling level toward the upper wall boundary;

[0011] (3) Construct shallow holes below the corresponding medium and deep holes on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel;

[0012] (4) The cutting cross tunnel is used as the initial blasting compensation space, and multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used for coordinated micro-difference blasting to form a cutting groove through successive extrusion blasting.

[0013] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the first row of medium and deep holes is perpendicular to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body and keeps a distance of 0.5-0.8m from the cutting cross tunnel, and the angle between the subsequent rows and the horizontal plane increases row by row.

[0014] When the above method is implemented, the horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium and deep holes ranges from 40° to 60°.

[0015] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the distance between the bottom of the medium-deep hole and the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel is greater than 1.2 m, and the medium-deep hole covers the area from 1.2 m above the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel.

[0016] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the increased inclination angle of adjacent medium and deep hole rows is 3-7°, and the maximum inclination angle does not exceed 90°.

[0017] When the above method is implemented, in step (2), the spacing between the rows of medium-deep holes is 1.2-1.5 m, and the distance between the hole bottoms is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between the rows.

[0018] When the above method is implemented, in step (3), during shallow hole construction, the angle between the axial direction of the blasthole and the side of the rock drilling tunnel is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

[0019] When the above method is implemented, in step (2) and step (3), the blasthole depths of the medium-deep holes and the shallow holes both reach the boundary of the stope.

[0020] When the above method is implemented, in step (4), the staged blasting area includes 2-3 rows of medium-deep holes and the corresponding rows of shallow holes below them. The detonation time of the shallow holes is ahead of that of the medium-deep holes, and the micro-difference time between the rows is not less than 50ms.

[0021] When the above method is implemented, in step (4), the next blasting is carried out after more than half of the collapsed ore is shoveled out after each blasting.

[0022] The present invention takes advantage of the relatively gentle inclination of the upper plate, arranges inclined upward fan-shaped medium-deep holes approximately perpendicular to the boundary line of the upper plate, and the horizontal inclination of the medium-deep hole arrangement surface is adapted to the inclination of the ore body. The cutting crossway is used as the initial blasting compensation space, and the cutting groove is formed by successive extrusion blasting to realize the medium-deep hole blasting without well grooving. The process is simple, but the efficiency is high and the safety is high. It solves the defects of the prior art that it is difficult to use a skylight drilling rig to construct a cutting well due to the relatively gentle inclination of the upper plate, and the cutting well is constructed by manual excavation, which is inefficient and has a high operational safety risk. Shallow holes are arranged on both sides of the rock drilling lane, and multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used for coordinated micro-difference blasting. The setting of shallow holes can increase the compensation space for medium-deep hole blasting on both sides of the rock drilling lane, and make up for the defects of insufficient medium-deep hole blasting space and poor blasting effect in the prior art. The medium-deep hole construction takes the upper plate of the ore body as the boundary, and all the blast holes are arranged in the ore body, and the depletion rate during the grooving blasting process is greatly reduced. This method solves the problem of the existing technology that the cutting groove is formed by medium-deep hole blasting in the cutting lane around the cutting shaft. In order to meet the requirement of gravity discharge of the collapsed ore, the local roof needs to be destroyed and part of the ore body needs to be lost, resulting in ore loss and dilution. In addition, the medium-deep hole slot blasting does not destroy the upper plate roof. The upper plate roof is gradually exposed during the formation of the cutting groove, and the cross-section of the cutting groove is triangular, which is conducive to the stability of the surrounding rock of the cutting groove. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 BB schematic diagram in.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of CC in .

[0026] Detailed serial numbers in the figure:

[0027] 1- ore body; 2- upper wall boundary; 3- segmented horizontal tunnel; 4- rock drilling horizontal tunnel; 5- cutting horizontal tunnel; 6- medium-deep hole; 7- shallow hole; 8- staged blasting area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention discloses a method for deep hole grooving in a sloped thick ore body without cutting, and the overall technical scheme is as follows:

[0029] The mining area is arranged perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. The mining area rock drilling tunnel is constructed from the segmented tunnel to the upper wall of the ore body, and the cutting cross tunnel is constructed along the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body. The top plate of the upper wall of the ore body is used as the boundary. Medium-deep holes inclined upward in a fan-shaped arrangement are drilled in the rock drilling tunnel, supplemented by shallow holes on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel. The cutting cross tunnel is used as the initial compensation space, and multiple blasting is carried out to form a cutting groove, realizing medium-deep hole blasting without well pulling.

[0030] The above technical solution, when implemented specifically, includes the following steps:

[0031] (1) The stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body 1, and the rock drilling tunnel 4 is excavated from the segmented tunnel 3 to the ore body upper wall boundary 2, and the cutting tunnel 5 is constructed along the ore body upper wall boundary. Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown.

[0032] (2) Construct medium-depth holes 6 arranged in a fan shape and inclined upward in the rock drilling tunnel.

[0033] The general principle of medium and long hole layout: about the width direction of the rock drilling level roadway, the center plane is symmetrically arranged, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0034] Height positioning of medium-deep holes on the side of the rock drilling tunnel: Since the fulcrum height of the drilling rig for medium-deep hole construction is generally 1.2m, the layout height of the bottom of the medium-deep hole is greater than 1.2m.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the first row of medium-deep holes is arranged perpendicular to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body, and a distance of about 0.5m is kept between them and the cutting cross tunnel. The inclination angles of subsequent rows increase by about 5° row by row.

[0036] Since the inclination angle of the ore body ranges from 30-50°, and the first row of medium-deep holes is perpendicular to the upper boundary of the ore body, the sum of the horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium-deep holes and the inclination angle of the ore body is a right angle, so it can be concluded that the horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium-deep holes ranges from 40-60°.

[0037] Determination of row spacing and hole bottom distance:

[0038] The spacing between rows of medium and deep holes is the vertical distance from the bottom of the holes in the previous row to the surface of the next row, which is generally 1.2-1.4m. The distance between the bottoms of the holes in each row is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between rows.

[0039] (3) Construct two shallow holes 7 in the rock drilling tunnel.

[0040] Since the fulcrum height of the medium-deep hole construction drilling rig is generally 1.2m, the layout height of the bottom of the medium-deep hole is less than 1.2m.

[0041] The angle between the axial direction of the blasthole and the two sides is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole spacing is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

[0042] In step (2) and step (3), the blasthole depths of both the medium-deep hole and the shallow hole are required to reach the stope boundary, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0043] (4) Blasting

[0044] After the construction of medium-deep holes and shallow holes is completed, multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are carried out in coordination with micro-difference blasting:

[0045] Divide the blasting area into 8 zones and blast them one by one.

[0046] Figure 1 The number of rows of medium-deep holes in the staged blasting area 8 shown in the figure is two, and the number of rows of shallow holes in each staged blasting area is not necessarily the same, which is determined according to the specific situation. The basis for determination is: the shallow hole row corresponds to the bottom position of the medium-deep hole row.

[0047] During batch blasting, the detonation time of shallow holes is ahead of that of medium and deep holes, and the micro-difference time between rows is not less than 50ms.

[0048] After each blast, a remote-controlled scraper is used to shovel out more than half of the collapsed ore to provide blasting compensation space for subsequent blasting. Then the next blast is carried out, and the cycle continues to form an upper plate cutting groove.

[0049] From the technical solution and construction process of this method, it can be seen that this method has the following advantages:

[0050] Taking advantage of the gentle inclination of the upper plate, the medium-deep hole with an inclined upward fan shape that is approximately perpendicular to the boundary of the upper plate is arranged. The horizontal inclination of the medium-deep hole arrangement surface is adapted to the inclination of the ore body. The cutting cross lane is used as the initial blasting compensation space, and the cutting groove is formed by successive extrusion blasting to achieve the medium-deep hole blasting without well grooving. The process is simple, but efficient and safe. It solves the defect of the existing technology that it is difficult to use a shaft drill to construct a cutting well due to the gentle inclination of the upper plate, and the cutting well is constructed by manual excavation, which is inefficient and has a high safety risk.

[0051] Shallow holes are arranged on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel, and multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used for coordinated micro-difference blasting. The arrangement of shallow holes can increase the compensation space for medium-deep hole blasting on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel, making up for the defects of insufficient space for deep hole blasting and poor blasting effect in the existing technology.

[0052] The construction of medium-deep holes is based on the upper plate of the ore body, and all blastholes are arranged in the ore body, which greatly reduces the depletion rate during the slot blasting process. This solves the problem that in the existing technology of forming a cutting slot by medium-deep hole blasting around the cutting well in the cutting cross tunnel, in order to meet the requirement of gravity discharge of the collapsed ore, it is necessary to destroy the local roof and lose part of the ore body, resulting in ore loss and depletion.

[0053] The medium-deep hole slot blasting does not damage the upper plate roof. The upper plate roof is gradually exposed during the formation of the cutting groove, and the cross-section of the cutting groove is triangular, which is conducive to the stability of the cutting groove surrounding rock.

[0054] In summary, the present invention aims to solve the problem of difficulty in slotting in thick and inclined ore bodies. By utilizing the characteristic of the relatively gentle inclination of the ore body, the boundary line of the upper wall of the ore body is used as the bottom boundary of the medium- and deep holes in the slotting, and shallow holes are arranged on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel. The space after cutting the horizontal tunnel, drilling the rock tunnel, and blasting the shallow holes is used as the compensation space for the medium- and deep hole blasting, and a backward-type non-cutting well blasting slotting is implemented perpendicular to the direction of the ore body to form a triangular prism cutting groove that matches the inclined ore body.

Claims

1. A method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting, wherein the stope is arranged perpendicular to the ore body, comprising the following steps: (1) Drilling tunnels from the sub-level tunnels to the upper wall of the ore body, and cutting horizontal tunnels along the boundary line of the upper wall of the ore body; (2) Medium-depth holes arranged in a fan-shaped pattern are constructed from the rock drilling level toward the upper wall boundary; (3) Construct shallow holes below the corresponding medium and deep holes on both sides of the rock drilling tunnel; (4) The cutting cross tunnel is used as the initial blasting compensation space, and multiple medium-deep holes and shallow holes are used for coordinated micro-difference blasting to form a cutting groove through successive extrusion blasting.

2. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the first row of medium and deep holes is perpendicular to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body and keeps a distance of 0.5-0.8m from the cutting cross tunnel. The angle between the subsequent rows and the horizontal plane increases row by row.

3. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal inclination angle of the first row of medium and deep holes ranges from 40 to 60°.

4. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the distance between the bottom of the medium-deep hole and the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel is greater than 1.2 m, and the medium-deep hole covers the area from 1.2 m above the bottom of the rock drilling tunnel.

5. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the increased inclination angle of adjacent medium and deep hole rows is 3-7°, and the maximum inclination angle does not exceed 90°.

6. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the spacing between the rows of medium and deep holes is 1.2-1.5 m, and the distance between the hole bottoms is 1.3-1.5 times the spacing between the rows.

7. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when constructing shallow holes, the angle between the axial direction of the blasthole and the side of the rock drilling tunnel is 45-60°, the row spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the hole bottom distance is 1.0-1.2 times the row spacing.

8. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2) and step (3), the blasthole depths of the medium-deep holes and the shallow holes all reach the boundary of the stope.

9. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the staged blasting area includes 2-3 rows of medium-deep holes and the corresponding rows of shallow holes below them. The detonation time of the shallow holes is ahead of that of the medium-deep holes, and the micro-difference time between the rows is not less than 50ms.

10. The method for deep hole grooving in a thick and inclined ore body without cutting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), after each blasting, more than half of the collapsed ore is shoveled out before the next blasting.

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