Disposal and utilization method for internal cavity of strip mine

Abstract

The invention provides a treatment and utilization method for an internal cavity of a strip mine. The strip mine internal cavity disposal and utilization method comprises the steps that an anti-seepage sealing layer is formed on the boundary of an air conditioner; dividing the cavity into a filling area and a water storage area, establishing a segmented blocking line, and carrying out segmented blocking on the filling area and the water storage area; the filling area is filled with a filling material, and water is displaced to the water storage area; and along with advancing of mining, the positions of the filling area and the water storage area are adjusted, and segmented blocking and filling displacement are repeatedly carried out on the remaining water storage area. According to the treatment and utilization method for the cavities in the strip mine, the treatment efficiency of the large-scale water-containing cavities can be effectively improved, the construction period is shortened, the capital investment is reduced, and reasonable storage and utilization of water resources in the cavities are achieved in water resource scarce areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of open-pit mining engineering, and in particular to a method for disposing and utilizing cavities inside an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] The northern and northwestern regions of my country, due to their unique geographical and climatic conditions, are rich in coal resources, which are often present in the form of shallow coal seams, easy to mine and of high economic value. However, the long-term natural differentiation and spontaneous combustion of coal have led to the formation of underground cavities, which not only reduce the stability of the rock mass, but also may become a natural "reservoir" for the confluence of groundwater and surface water. The existence of cavities poses a dual challenge to open-pit mining: first, the rock mass in the cavity area is not stable enough, and the slope angle needs to be adjusted to adapt to weaker geological conditions, which undoubtedly increases the operating cost of the mine; second, water-containing cavities will cause water inrush accidents during the mining process, posing a major threat to the safety of mine operations.

[0003] The traditional method of dealing with open-pit mining cavities mainly relies on advance exploration technology and centralized drilling and pumping operations. By exploring the cavities ahead of the mining path in advance and arranging pumping equipment in the cavity area for pumping, the risk of flooding during the mining process is reduced. Although this method is effective to a certain extent, its limitations are also very obvious, especially when dealing with large-scale water-containing cavities. The inefficiency of centralized pumping not only prolongs the construction period of the mine, but also greatly increases capital investment. More importantly, this method is particularly uneconomical in water-scarce areas (such as the north and northwest), because the centralized water resources are in excess during construction and are difficult to preserve and use. In the non-construction period, the mine may face serious water shortages and need to spend extra money to purchase water, forming an obvious contradiction in resource utilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for treating and utilizing cavities inside open-pit mines, which can effectively improve the treatment efficiency of large-scale water-containing cavities, shorten the construction period, reduce capital investment, and realize the rational storage and utilization of water resources in cavities in areas with scarce water resources.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for disposing and utilizing cavities inside an open-pit mine is provided, comprising:

[0006] Form an impermeable seal at the air conditioning boundary;

[0007] Divide the cavity into a filling area and a water storage area, establish segmented barrier lines, and perform segmented barriering on the filling area and the water storage area;

[0008] Fill the filling area with filling material to displace water into the water storage area;

[0009] As mining progresses, the positions of the filling area and water storage area are adjusted, and segmented isolation and filling and displacement are repeated for the remaining water storage area.

[0010] Further, the step of forming an anti-seepage sealing layer at the air conditioner boundary includes:

[0011] Get the hole boundary;

[0012] Retract the hole boundary by a preset distance and set it as the construction line;

[0013] Construct boundary structural columns on the construction line;

[0014] Fill and seal the area between the construction line and the cavity boundary.

[0015] Further, the steps of constructing boundary structural columns on the construction line include:

[0016] Drill holes into the cavity at intervals along the construction line;

[0017] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0018] Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and form a single support column with a single drill hole;

[0019] Drill holes into the cavity on the construction line between adjacent support columns;

[0020] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0021] Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and form a single reinforcement column with a single drill hole;

[0022] Drill holes on the construction line between adjacent reinforcement columns and support columns;

[0023] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0024] Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and a single drill hole forms a single sealing column.

[0025] Furthermore, the interval between two adjacent support columns is 5m to 6m, the borehole diameter is 2m, and the borehole depth is 1m to 2m;

[0026] The diameter of the drill hole for the reinforcement column is 1m and the depth is 0.5m to 1m;

[0027] The drilling diameter of the sealing column is 0.5m.

[0028] Furthermore, the cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area, and a segmented barrier line is established. The steps of segmentally blocking the filling area and the water storage area include:

[0029] The cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area along the direction of the open-pit mine advancement, and the boundary between the filling area and the water storage area is the segmented barrier line;

[0030] Drill holes into the cavity at preset intervals on the segmented barrier line;

[0031] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0032] Fill the cage with filling materials to the ground surface, and form a single temporary barrier column with a single drill hole;

[0033] Complete the construction of all continuous temporary barrier columns on the segmented barrier line.

[0034] Furthermore, the cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area, and a segmented barrier line is established. The step of segmentally blocking the filling area and the water storage area also includes:

[0035] When part of the cavity is outside the open-pit mining boundary, the area outside the open-pit mining boundary is divided into a permanent water storage area, and the open-pit mining boundary is used as the segmented barrier line. Reinforced concrete is poured after drilling. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single permanent barrier column.

[0036] Furthermore, the step of filling the filling area with filling materials and displacing water to the water storage area includes:

[0037] After the barrier structure of the segmented barrier line is completed, holes are drilled above the filling area and filling materials are filled into the voids. The filling direction gradually advances from the anti-seepage sealing layer parallel to the temporary barrier column to form a filling layer. The filling layer squeezes the water originally in the filling area into the water storage area until the filling area is completely filled with the filling layer.

[0038] Furthermore, as mining progresses, the positions of the filling area and the water storage area are adjusted, and the steps of repeatedly implementing segmented isolation and filling displacement on the remaining water storage area include:

[0039] During the excavation of the fill area, calculate the estimated excavation period of the remaining area of ​​the fill area;

[0040] When the estimated excavation period is less than N times the estimated construction period of the secondary filling area, the original water storage area will be divided into the secondary filling area and the secondary water storage area again, and segmented isolation will be implemented again, and then filling and displacement will be implemented in the secondary water storage area, where 1.2≤N≤1.5.

[0041] Furthermore, the method for disposing and utilizing the internal cavities of the open-pit mine also includes:

[0042] Drill a hole into the cavity and extract the water in the cavity for use.

[0043] Furthermore, the diameters of the support columns, reinforcement columns and sealing columns become smaller in sequence, and the support columns, reinforcement columns and sealing columns are constructed alternately in opposite directions on the entire construction line.

[0044] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the method for disposing and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine includes: forming an impermeable sealing layer at the boundary of the air conditioning; dividing the cavity into a filling area and a water storage area, establishing a segmented barrier line, and performing segmented barrier on the filling area and the water storage area; filling the filling area with filling materials and displacing water to the water storage area; adjusting the positions of the filling area and the water storage area as the mining progresses, and repeating the segmented barrier and filling and displacement for the remaining water storage area. The method for disposing and utilizing cavities inside open-pit mines utilizes a boundary sealing step to seal the rock mass around the cavities to provide a closed space for subsequent water storage; the segmented barrier step divides the processing and disposal of the cavities into several stages, thereby avoiding centralized construction and centralized capital investment caused by centralized disposal; the filling displacement squeezes water into the water storage area while providing a safe slope environment for mine production; the barrier migration further divides the implementation process of the scheme, which can be flexibly matched with the production arrangements of the mining area, thereby improving the adaptability of the scheme. Through the above method, the disposal efficiency of large-scale water-containing cavities can be effectively improved, the construction period can be shortened, the capital investment can be reduced, and the reasonable storage and utilization of water resources in the cavities can be realized in areas with scarce water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 A flow chart showing a method for disposing and utilizing a cavity inside an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 A diagram showing the operation process of the boundary sealing step of the method for disposing and utilizing the internal cavity of an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 A diagram showing the operation process of the segmented blocking step of the method for disposing and utilizing the internal cavity of an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 A diagram showing the operation process of the filling and displacement step of the method for disposing and utilizing the internal cavity of an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 The diagram shows the operation process of the barrier migration step of the method for disposing and utilizing the internal cavity of an open-pit mine according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 5 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for disposing and utilizing cavities inside an open-pit mine includes:

[0053] Form an impermeable seal at the air conditioning boundary;

[0054] Divide the cavity into a filling area and a water storage area, establish segmented barrier lines, and perform segmented barriering on the filling area and the water storage area;

[0055] Fill the filling area with filling material to displace water into the water storage area;

[0056] As mining progresses, the positions of the filling area and water storage area are adjusted, and segmented isolation and filling and displacement are repeated for the remaining water storage area.

[0057] By forming an impermeable sealing layer at the boundary of the cavity, the stability of the rock mass in the cavity area is effectively enhanced, and the risk of rock collapse during mining is reduced, thus providing a safer environment for open-pit mining operations.

[0058] The cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area. Through the steps of segmented blocking and filling and displacement, the water resources in the cavity are efficiently concentrated in the water storage area, avoiding the waste of water resources and the drop in groundwater level caused by over-exploitation, while providing a stable and dispatchable water source for mine operations.

[0059] This method avoids the high cost problems caused by traditional centralized construction and capital investment. By treating and utilizing voids in stages, the complexity and cost of project implementation can be reduced. By rationally planning the filling and storage areas, water resources can be extracted and utilized on demand, reducing the economic burden of water resource management.

[0060] As mining progresses, dynamic adjustment of the positions of the filling area and water storage area can flexibly respond to mining needs and void conditions at different stages, improve the adaptability of disposal methods and the flexibility of mining, and reduce mining interruptions or delays caused by the existence of voids.

[0061] In the north or northwest regions where water resources are extremely scarce, this method reduces dependence on ground water resources by efficiently utilizing water resources in the cavity, which is beneficial to resource conservation and environmental protection. This advantage is particularly significant in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0062] In one embodiment, the step of forming an impermeable sealing layer at the air conditioner boundary includes:

[0063] Get the hole boundary;

[0064] Retract the hole boundary by a preset distance and set it as the construction line;

[0065] Construct boundary structural columns on the construction line;

[0066] Fill and seal the area between the construction line and the cavity boundary.

[0067] By obtaining the cavity boundary through advanced exploration technology, the location, size and shape of the cavity can be accurately identified, providing a scientific basis for subsequent construction and disposal. It is also convenient to evaluate the impact of the cavity on mining and take corresponding measures to reduce the risk of accidents.

[0068] The boundary of the cavity is retracted a certain distance (for example, 3 meters) and set as the construction line. On this basis, boundary structural columns can be constructed. These structural columns can effectively support the rock mass around the cavity, prevent the instability and potential collapse risk of the rock structure caused by the existence of the cavity, and provide a more stable foundation and operating environment for mining activities.

[0069] The area between the construction line and the boundary of the cavity is filled and sealed to form a closed anti-seepage sealing layer, which can effectively isolate the hydraulic connection between the cavity and the external environment, avoid further influx of groundwater and surface water, and reduce the possibility of water gushing accidents during mining. At the same time, it provides closed conditions for the establishment of water storage areas and the management of water resources, ensuring the control and utilization of water resources.

[0070] By constructing boundary structure columns and filling and sealing areas, a stable and closed cavity disposal framework is formed, which is conducive to the implementation of subsequent segmented barrier, filling and displacement steps, avoiding the high cost and long delays brought about by centralized cavity treatment. At the same time, it also creates conditions for the rational use of water resources in the cavity, improves resource utilization efficiency, and reduces mine operating costs.

[0071] This method provides a flexible strategy for dealing with void problems in open-pit mining. Through the establishment of boundary structure columns and filling sealing layers, it provides a basis for the subsequent dynamic adjustment of filling areas and water storage areas according to the direction of mine advancement, realizes the continuous management and utilization of voids, and ensures the continuity and safety of mining.

[0072] In one embodiment, the step of constructing boundary structural columns on the construction line includes:

[0073] Drill holes into the cavity at intervals along the construction line;

[0074] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0075] Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and a single drill hole forms a single support column.

[0076] Holes are drilled into the cavity at intervals on the construction line. After the holes are drilled, cylindrical mesh cages are placed in the holes, and then filling materials are filled inside the cages until they reach the ground surface. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single support column.

[0077] Drill holes into the cavity on the construction line between adjacent support columns;

[0078] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0079] Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and a single drill hole forms a single reinforcement column.

[0080] After all the support columns along the construction line are constructed, a hole is drilled into the cavity in the middle of the construction line between adjacent support columns. After the hole is drilled, a cylindrical mesh cage is placed in the hole, and then the filling material is filled inside the cage until it reaches the ground surface. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single reinforcement column.

[0081] Drill holes on the construction line between adjacent reinforcement columns and support columns;

[0082] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0083] Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and a single drill hole forms a single sealing column.

[0084] After all the reinforcement columns along the construction line are constructed, a hole is drilled into the cavity in the middle of the construction line between the reinforcement column and the support column. After the hole is drilled, a cylindrical mesh cage is placed in the hole, and then the filling material is filled inside the cage until it reaches the ground surface. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single sealing column.

[0085] In one embodiment, the interval between two adjacent support columns is 5m to 6m, the borehole diameter is 2m, and the borehole depth is 1m to 2m;

[0086] The diameter of the drill hole for the reinforcement column is 1m and the depth is 0.5m to 1m;

[0087] The drilling diameter of the sealing column is 0.5m.

[0088] The steps of filling and sealing the area between the construction line and the cavity boundary include: after all the sealing columns along the construction line are constructed, multiple grouting holes are drilled in the area between the cavity boundary and the construction line, and anti-seepage filling materials are filled into the area through the grouting holes to fill the space in the area, thereby forming a closed anti-seepage sealing layer around the cavity.

[0089] In one embodiment, the cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area, and a segmented barrier line is established. The steps of segmentally blocking the filling area and the water storage area include:

[0090] The cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area along the direction of the open-pit mine advancement, and the boundary between the filling area and the water storage area is the segmented barrier line;

[0091] Drill holes into the cavity at preset intervals on the segmented barrier line;

[0092] Place a ground cage in the drilled hole;

[0093] Fill the cage with filling materials to the ground surface, and form a single temporary barrier column with a single drill hole;

[0094] Complete the construction of all continuous temporary barrier columns on the segmented barrier line.

[0095] By dividing the filling area and the water storage area, the filling area can be filled in a planned manner, thereby strengthening the rock and soil structure above the cavity, effectively reducing the safety hazards that may occur during the mining process, such as collapse, water gushing and other disasters, and providing a safer working environment for mine workers.

[0096] The establishment of a water storage area can collect and retain water resources in the cavity that would otherwise be lost. Through segmented blocking and filling displacement, the water body is concentrated in the water storage area, which is convenient for subsequent scheduling and utilization according to the actual needs of the mine, avoiding the waste of water resources caused by traditional centralized pumping methods and excessive consumption of water resources in arid areas.

[0097] The segmented barrier method avoids the one-time treatment of the entire void area, reduces centralized construction and capital investment, and allows the mine to gradually and economically deal with the void without affecting the mining progress, thereby reducing the overall cost of mining.

[0098] By establishing segmented barrier lines and gradually implementing filling and displacement, the mine can flexibly adjust the mining plan and maintain the continuity of mining activities even in the face of water-containing cavities, avoiding the impact of a single disposal method on the mining progress and improving the mine's production efficiency.

[0099] The method of segmented isolation and zoning enables the disposal and utilization method to adapt to cavities of different sizes and depths, as well as changing geological conditions, providing a flexible and adaptable solution for open-pit mining.

[0100] By rationally utilizing the water resources in the cavity, damage to the environment is reduced, a balance between mining activities and environmental protection is achieved, and the trend of mining towards an environmentally friendly type is reflected.

[0101] In one embodiment, the cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area, and a segmented barrier line is established. The step of segmentally blocking the filling area and the water storage area further includes:

[0102] When part of the cavity is outside the open-pit mining boundary, the area outside the open-pit mining boundary is divided into a permanent water storage area, and the open-pit mining boundary is used as the segmented barrier line. Reinforced concrete is poured after drilling. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single permanent barrier column.

[0103] By designating the hollow area outside the open-pit mining boundary as a permanent water storage area, the water resources in the hollow can be stored for a long time, avoiding over-exploitation and waste of this part of water resources during mining. This can not only provide a reliable water source for the mine during the dry season or non-pumping period, but also serve as an emergency water source to enhance the mine's water resource guarantee capacity.

[0104] Permanent barrier columns cast with reinforced concrete can not only effectively isolate the filling area from the water storage area, but also provide additional support for the mining boundary of the open-pit mine, enhance the stability of the slope, and reduce the risk of safety accidents caused by cavities or other geological structures. The establishment of a permanent water storage area avoids the filling of cavities outside the boundary, reduces unnecessary engineering costs and construction time, enables mines to focus more on operations within the mining range, and improves mining efficiency and economic benefits. By establishing a permanent water storage area outside the mining boundary, interference with the surrounding environment is reduced, and problems such as ground subsidence caused by excessive groundwater extraction are avoided, which helps protect the ecological environment and achieve sustainable mining.

[0105] The addition of this step makes the disposal and utilization plan of the voids more flexible, and can be dynamically adjusted according to the geographical location and size of different voids and the actual needs of mining, improving the adaptability and feasibility of the plan. The existence of permanent water storage areas provides mines with the ability to flexibly dispatch water resources according to actual needs, avoiding the mismatch between supply and demand in water resource management and improving the overall utilization efficiency of water resources.

[0106] In one embodiment, the step of filling the filling area with filling material and displacing water to the water storage area comprises:

[0107] After the barrier structure of the segmented barrier line is completed, holes are drilled above the filling area and filling materials are filled into the voids. The filling direction gradually advances from the anti-seepage sealing layer parallel to the temporary barrier column to form a filling layer. The filling layer squeezes the water originally in the filling area into the water storage area until the filling area is completely filled with the filling layer.

[0108] By drilling holes above the filling area and filling the filling material to form a filling layer, the rock layer above the cavity can be effectively supported and reinforced, the potential safety hazards caused by the cavity can be eliminated or reduced, and a safer and more stable working environment can be provided for mining activities in the mine. By displacing the water in the filling area to the water storage area, this part of the water resources can be concentrated and preserved to avoid disorderly loss of water during the mining process. The establishment of the water storage area provides the mine with the conditions for pumping water on demand, which not only ensures the safety of mining operations, but also avoids excessive consumption of water resources and realizes the efficient use of water resources.

[0109] Filling the void area in stages avoids large-scale filling of the entire void at one time, which can reduce the amount of work and construction costs. At the same time, as the filling work progresses, mining can be carried out simultaneously, improving mining efficiency and economy. The strategy of squeezing water into the water storage area allows the mine to flexibly adjust the location of the filling area and the water storage area according to geological conditions and mining progress, so as to better adapt to the changing mining environment and ensure the smooth implementation of the mining plan.

[0110] The selection of filling materials in this step should take into account their impact on the environment. The use of environmentally friendly filling materials can reduce pollution to the surrounding environment. At the same time, the establishment of a water storage area helps to protect the groundwater system and avoid problems such as ground subsidence caused by excessive pumping, reflecting the concept of transforming mining into an environmentally friendly one. As the filling area is completely filled, the formed filling layer replaces the original empty space, providing a more uniform and stable rock structure for subsequent mining operations, reducing the difficulty of mining due to complex geological structures. The establishment of a water storage area not only solves the water resource management problem in the current mining stage, but also provides a stable water resource guarantee for the long-term operation of the mine, which is particularly important, especially in areas with scarce water resources.

[0111] In one embodiment, following the advancement of mining, the positions of the filling area and the water storage area are adjusted, and the steps of repeatedly performing segmented isolation and filling displacement on the remaining water storage area include:

[0112] During the excavation of the fill area, calculate the estimated excavation period of the remaining area of ​​the fill area;

[0113] When the estimated excavation period is less than N times the estimated construction period of the secondary filling area, the original water storage area will be divided into the secondary filling area and the secondary water storage area again, and segmented isolation will be implemented again, and then filling and displacement will be implemented in the secondary water storage area, where 1.2≤N≤1.5.

[0114] By calculating the estimated excavation period of the remaining area of ​​the filling area and comparing it with the estimated construction period of the secondary filling area, the mine can more scientifically plan the mining progress and cavity disposal sequence to ensure the continuity of mining activities and the efficiency of resource utilization. This dynamic adjustment strategy avoids mining interruptions or resource waste caused by improper cavity disposal.

[0115] When the estimated excavation period is less than N times the estimated construction period of the secondary filling area (1.2≤N≤1.5), the original water storage area can be divided again in advance to reserve enough time for the upcoming secondary filling operation, ensuring that the filling area is fully filled before excavation, thereby avoiding collapse or water inrush accidents caused by the existence of voids and ensuring the safety of mining. Dynamic adjustment and repeated implementation of segmented isolation and filling displacement avoids excessive concentration of capital and manpower in the disposal of a certain area. Through phased treatment, resources can be allocated more reasonably and the overall engineering cost can be reduced. At the same time, by filling and displacing water bodies on demand, the economy of water resource management and utilization is improved.

[0116] The strategy in this step not only focuses on mining efficiency and cost control, but also takes into account the rational use of water resources and environmental protection. By effectively managing and utilizing the water resources in the voids within the mining range, excessive interference with the surrounding environment is avoided, reflecting the concept of green mining. Following the progress of mining, the positions of the filling area and the water storage area are adjusted in a timely manner, so that this disposal and utilization plan can better adapt to changes in the actual mining situation of the mine, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the implementation of the plan. By dynamically managing and recycling the void areas, water resources can be continuously provided to the mine, reducing dependence on other water sources, and providing water resource guarantees for the long-term stable operation of the mine.

[0117] In one embodiment, the method for disposing and utilizing the internal voids of an open-pit mine further comprises:

[0118] Drill a hole into the cavity and extract the water in the cavity for use.

[0119] During the drilling and pumping steps, when all the cavities are located within the mining range, the volume of the space after pumping should be able to meet the filling speed requirements of the cavities; when part of the cavities are located outside the mining range, the water can be permanently squeezed and retained in the cavity area, and drilling and pumping can be done at any time when the mining area needs water.

[0120] In one embodiment, the diameters of the support columns, reinforcement columns and sealing columns become smaller in sequence, and the support columns, reinforcement columns and sealing columns are constructed alternately in opposite directions on the entire construction line.

[0121] See also Figures 2 to 5As shown, the specific implementation process of the method for disposing and utilizing internal cavities in an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes five steps: boundary sealing, segmented blocking, filling displacement, blocking migration and drilling pumping, wherein the boundary sealing includes four steps: constructing support columns, constructing reinforcement columns, constructing sealing columns and filling sealing.

[0122] (1) Boundary sealing: It includes four steps: building support columns, building reinforcement columns, building sealing columns and filling and sealing, as follows:

[0123] ① Construction of support columns: Use the advanced exploration method to obtain the cavity boundary 2 of the cavity 1 in front of the open-pit mine advancement direction 8, set the cavity boundary 2 inward by 3m as the construction line 3, drill a borehole with a diameter of 2m into the cavity 1 every 5-6m on the construction line 3, and drill the hole 1-2m deep from the bottom of the cavity 1. After the hole is drilled, put a high-strength cylindrical mesh cage in the hole, and then fill the cage with high-strength filling materials until the surface. At this time, a single borehole forms a single support column 4; the support columns 4 are alternately constructed in opposite directions on the entire construction line 3 to reduce the concentrated transition interference to the cavity 1 during drilling, until all continuous support columns 4 are completed on the entire construction line 3. The main function of the support column 4 is to provide the main support force for subsequent construction, to avoid the drilling reducing the strength of the covering layer above the cavity 1, and then causing the risk of collapse and other accidents, so the construction volume and strength are relatively large.

[0124] ② Construction of reinforcement columns: After all support columns 4 along the construction line 3 are constructed, a hole with a diameter of 1m is drilled into the cavity 1 at the middle position of the construction line 3 between adjacent support columns 4, and the hole is 0.5-1m deeper than the bottom of the cavity 1. After the hole is drilled, a high-strength cylindrical mesh cage is placed in the hole, and then the cage is filled with high-strength filling materials until the surface. At this time, a single hole forms a single reinforcement column 5; the reinforcement columns 5 are alternately constructed in opposite directions on the entire construction line 3 to reduce the concentrated transition interference to the cavity 1 during drilling, until all continuous reinforcement columns 5 are completed on the entire construction line 3. The main function of the reinforcement column 5 is to provide additional support for subsequent construction, and at the same time, it can play a certain role in interval sealing, so the construction volume and strength are reduced compared to the support column 4.

[0125] ③ Construction of sealing columns: After all reinforcement columns 5 along the construction line 3 are constructed, a hole with a diameter of 0.5m is drilled into the cavity 1 at the middle position of the construction line 3 between the reinforcement column 5 and the support column 4. After the hole is drilled, a high-strength cylindrical mesh cage is placed in the hole, and then the cage is filled with high-strength filling materials until the surface. At this time, a single hole forms a single sealing column 6; the sealing columns 6 are alternately constructed in opposite directions on the entire construction line 3 to reduce the concentrated transition interference to the cavity 1 during drilling, until all continuous sealing columns 6 are completed on the entire construction line 3. The main function of the dense column 6 is to provide a small supplementary support force for subsequent construction, and at the same time, it plays a more sealing role, so the construction volume and strength are further reduced compared to the reinforcement column 5.

[0126] ④ Filling and sealing: After the construction of all sealing columns 6 along the construction line 3 is completed, multiple grouting holes are drilled in the area between the cavity boundary 2 and the construction line 3, and high-density anti-seepage filling materials are filled into the area through the grouting holes to fill the space in the area, thereby forming a closed anti-seepage sealing layer 7 around the cavity 1 to provide sealing conditions for subsequent water storage.

[0127] (2) Segmented barrier: The cavity 1 is divided into a filling area 9 and a water storage area 10 along the open-pit mine advancement direction 8. The boundary between the filling area 9 and the water storage area 10 is the segmented barrier line 11. A borehole with a diameter of 2 m is drilled into the cavity 1 every 3-4 m on the segmented barrier line 11. The borehole is about 1 m deeper than the bottom of the cavity. After the borehole is drilled, a high-strength cylindrical mesh cage is placed in the borehole, and then the cage is filled with high-strength filling material until it reaches the surface. At this time, a single borehole forms a single temporary barrier column 12. The temporary barrier column 12 is located in the entire segmented barrier line 1. 1, alternately construct in opposite directions to reduce the concentrated transition interference to the cavity 1 during drilling, until all continuous temporary barrier columns 12 are built on the entire segmented barrier line 11; when part of the cavity 1 is outside the open-pit mining boundary 13, the area outside the open-pit mining boundary 13 is preferentially divided into a permanent water storage area 14, with the open-pit mining boundary 13 as the segmented barrier line 11, and reinforced concrete is poured after drilling. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single permanent barrier column 15, which provides permanent support for the side of the open-pit mine while achieving water storage. At this time, if the filling area 9 has a large space, the segmented barrier line 11 can be divided twice in the filling area 9 and temporary barrier columns 12 can be deployed.

[0128] (3) Filling and displacement: After the construction of all temporary barrier columns 12 is completed, holes are drilled above the filling area 9 and high-strength filling materials are filled into the cavity 1. The filling direction 17 gradually advances from the anti-seepage sealing layer 7 to the temporary barrier column 12 in parallel, and finally forms a filling layer 16. Here, the area where the open-pit mine is about to be advanced is filled first, and the water originally in the filling area 9 is squeezed into the water storage area 10 until the filling area 9 is completely filled with the filling layer 16. The main purpose is to squeeze the water into the water storage area 10 while filling the filling area 9 with filling materials. When the open-pit mine is subsequently advanced to the cavity 1 area, there is no need or less need to change the open-pit mine slope parameters. The filling layer 16 is directly excavated and forms an overall slope together with other rock masses, providing a safe slope environment for mining production.

[0129] (4) Isolation and migration: After the filling area 9 is filled with the filling layer 16, as the mine is continuously mined, the filling area 9 formed in the above steps is gradually excavated. When the estimated excavation period of the remaining area of ​​the filling area 9 is less than 1.3 times the estimated construction period of the secondary filling area, the original water storage area 10 is divided into the secondary filling area 18 and the secondary water storage area 19 again, and segmented isolation is implemented again, and then filling and displacement are implemented again in the secondary water storage area 19; segmented isolation, filling and displacement and isolation and migration are repeated continuously to continuously fill the cavity 1, and at the same time, the water storage in the cavity 1 is further squeezed into a smaller space until the cavity 1 is completely filled; the cavity 1 outside the mining range does not need to be filled.

[0130] (5) Drilling and pumping water: In any of the above steps, a hole can be drilled into the cavity 1 at any location that is convenient for construction and the water in the cavity 1 can be pumped out for use in the mining area. Alternatively, a nearby already drilled hole can be used for pumping water. However, it should be ensured that when the entire cavity 1 is within the mining range, the volume of the space after pumping water should be able to meet the filling speed requirements of the cavity 1; when part of the cavity 1 is outside the mining range, the water can be permanently squeezed and retained in the cavity 1 area, and can be drilled and pumped out at any time when the mining area needs water.

[0131] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0132] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0133] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating and utilizing cavities inside an open-pit mine, characterized in that: include: Form an impermeable seal at the air conditioning boundary; Divide the cavity into a filling area and a water storage area, establish segmented barrier lines, and perform segmented barriering on the filling area and the water storage area; Fill the filling area with filling material to displace water into the water storage area; As mining progresses, the positions of the filling area and water storage area are adjusted, and segmented isolation and filling and displacement are repeated for the remaining water storage area.

2. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps to form an impermeable seal at the air conditioning boundary include: Get the hole boundary; Retract the hole boundary by a preset distance and set it as the construction line; Construct boundary structural columns on the construction line; Fill and seal the area between the construction line and the cavity boundary.

3. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps to construct boundary structural columns on the construction line include: Drill holes into the cavity at intervals along the construction line; Place a ground cage in the drilled hole; Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and form a single support column with a single drill hole; Drill holes into the cavity on the construction line between adjacent support columns; Place a ground cage in the drilled hole; Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and form a single reinforcement column with a single drill hole; Drill holes on the construction line between adjacent reinforcement columns and support columns; Place a ground cage in the drilled hole; Fill the cage with backfill material to the ground surface, and a single drill hole forms a single sealing column.

4. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent support columns is 5m to 6m, the borehole diameter is 2m, and the borehole depth is 1m to 2m; The diameter of the drill hole for the reinforcement column is 1m and the depth is 0.5m to 1m; The drilling diameter of the sealing column is 0.5m.

5. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area, and a segmented barrier line is established. The steps of segmented barrier of the filling area and the water storage area include: The cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area along the direction of the open-pit mine advancement, and the boundary between the filling area and the water storage area is the segmented barrier line; Drill holes into the cavity at preset intervals on the segmented barrier line; Place a ground cage in the drilled hole; Fill the cage with filling materials to the ground surface, and form a single temporary barrier column with a single drill hole; Complete the construction of all continuous temporary barrier columns on the segmented barrier line.

6. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cavity is divided into a filling area and a water storage area, and a segmented barrier line is established. The steps of segmentally blocking the filling area and the water storage area also include: When part of the cavity is outside the open-pit mining boundary, the area outside the open-pit mining boundary is divided into a permanent water storage area, and the open-pit mining boundary is used as the segmented barrier line. Reinforced concrete is poured after drilling. At this time, a single drill hole forms a single permanent barrier column.

7. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of filling the filling area with filling material and displacing water to the water storage area include: After the barrier structure of the segmented barrier line is completed, holes are drilled above the filling area and filling materials are filled into the voids. The filling direction gradually advances from the anti-seepage sealing layer parallel to the temporary barrier column to form a filling layer. The filling layer squeezes the water originally in the filling area into the water storage area until the filling area is completely filled with the filling layer.

8. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: As mining progresses, the positions of the filling area and the water storage area are adjusted, and the steps of segmented isolation and filling displacement are repeated for the remaining water storage areas, including: During the excavation of the fill area, calculate the estimated excavation period of the remaining area of ​​the fill area; When the estimated excavation period is less than N times the estimated construction period of the secondary filling area, the original water storage area will be divided into the secondary filling area and the secondary water storage area again, and segmented isolation will be implemented again, and then filling and displacement will be implemented in the secondary water storage area, where 1.2≤N≤1.

5.

9. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The methods for disposing and utilizing the cavities inside open-pit mines also include: Drill a hole into the cavity and extract the water in the cavity for use.

10. The method for treating and utilizing the internal cavities of an open-pit mine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameters of the supporting columns, reinforcing columns and sealing columns become smaller in sequence, and the supporting columns, reinforcing columns and sealing columns are constructed alternately in opposite directions throughout the entire construction line.

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