An antenna for scattering angle diversity communication system

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system, comprising a feed structure (1), wherein the feed structure (1) is composed of three identical single feeds arranged in parallel; wherein the middle feed is placed at the phase center of a reflection surface, and its maximum radiation direction is located in the axial direction of the reflection surface; the two side feeds and the middle feed have a phase difference relative to the reflection surface, and their maximum radiation directions are respectively at an angle compared with the middle feed, so as to meet the radiation direction required by the angle diversity antenna; the single feed is composed of a dielectric rod (11) and a small opening angle horn (12); the dielectric rod (11) is a rectangular cone structure, the cone parts at both ends are respectively a radiation section (111) and a matching section (113), and the middle rectangular part is a fixed section (112); the small opening angle horn (12) is composed of a straight section horn part (121), an opening angle horn part (122) and a feeding waveguide part (123) connected in sequence. The present invention greatly reduces the size of the entire feed, and realizes the miniaturization of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of communications, and in particular relates to an antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system. Background Art

[0002] Scattering communication is a wireless communication method beyond the line of sight that uses the forward scattering effect of inhomogeneities in the troposphere and ionosphere on radio waves. Since tropospheric scattering communication relies on the relative stability of the troposphere in the natural environment and is not affected by nuclear explosions, sunspots, magnetic storms, and auroras, as long as the communication base station is good, the entire communication link is difficult to be artificially damaged, so its communication system is very safe. The attenuation, scattering, and refraction of electromagnetic waves by the atmosphere cause great electromagnetic wave transmission losses in tropospheric scattering communication. In tropospheric scattering communication, there are two main types of fading in its channel: slow fading and fast fading. Slow fading refers to the median fluctuation of the receiving level over a long time interval, which is mainly caused by changes in meteorological conditions and is a long-term manifestation of the scattered radio wave transmission mechanism, such as hourly changes, daily changes, and monthly changes. The fast fading phenomenon originates from multipath propagation caused by turbulence, sharp change layers, and atmospheric waveguides in the atmosphere, and is manifested as median fluctuations in signal levels in minutes, seconds, or shorter time periods. In view of the slow fading characteristics, measures such as increasing the transmitter power, improving the receiver sensitivity and using large-diameter antennas can be taken to solve the problem. Experiments have shown that these measures have a significant improvement effect on slow fading, but they are often ineffective for fast fading.

[0003] "Diversity reception" technology is used in scattering communication to improve the impact of fast fading. Diversity technologies mainly include space diversity, time diversity, frequency diversity, polarization diversity and angle diversity. Space diversity is widely used in current scattering communication equipment. Space diversity requires that the receiving end must be equipped with at least two sets of antenna equipment, which makes the scattering communication equipment bulky and the cost increases dramatically. As mobile scattering communication equipment, it is inconvenient to transport and has a long loading and unloading cycle. As a military facility, its target is huge and is not conducive to security and concealment. The spectrum delay caused by frequency diversity will also affect the accuracy, which is the most important in strategic communications. Therefore, angle diversity technology, which can reduce the number of equipment, has become a technical hotspot in the research of scattering communication systems.

[0004] The so-called angular diversity refers to the diversity between signals at different arrival angles, that is, using several different antenna beams to simultaneously receive signals from several different angles, and then synthesizing them; due to multipath transmission in the scattering channel, the phases and amplitudes of signals at different arrival angles on the receiving antenna are different, and the greater the difference between different arrival angles, the smaller the correlation between the signals. Therefore, it can be used to achieve angular diversity reception.

[0005] Angle diversity antenna has the following characteristics:

[0006] 1. Low cost. When the communication system adopts the mature space diversity method, at least two large-diameter parabolic antennas are required (some parabolic antennas have a diameter of more than 30 meters), which makes the antenna processing cost account for a high proportion of the cost of the entire scattering communication system. If angle diversity is used instead of space diversity, the number of antennas can be reduced, reducing system costs.

[0007] Second, it is easy to achieve multiple diversity. Compared with space diversity, the equipment required for angle diversity is significantly reduced, making the equipment size and installation time more able to meet the communication needs of the underlying units.

[0008] 3. Compared with space diversity, angle diversity not only reduces the number of antenna surfaces used by half, but also streamlines the servo system, greatly reducing system complexity and making antenna installation and adjustment more convenient, especially for mobile scattering communication systems, which can have better maneuverability.

[0009] Scattering communication antenna plays a decisive role in the performance of scattering communication system. Angular diversity antenna is a new type of scattering communication antenna with excellent performance. Angular diversity antennas of scattering communication equipment are mainly concentrated in C band and Ku band. The selected antenna surface diameter is ≥3m in C band and ≥0.75m in Ku band.

[0010] Existing angle diversity technology is mainly implemented in two ways: offset angle diversity antenna and lateral offset angle diversity antenna.

[0011] The offset angle diversity antenna is emitted by an angle diversity feed source that is offset from the focus. Two beams are irradiated onto the reflective surface, and two high-gain angle diversity beams with a certain angle are formed after being reflected by the reflective surface. The designed Ku-band scattering angle diversity antenna mainly includes an angle diversity feed source and an offset parabolic reflector. The feed source is a four-port, dual-linear polarization, angle diversity dual-beam feed source. The feed source consists of an orthogonal mode coupler and a dielectric rod antenna, and has the characteristics of being compact, simple, stable and easy to process in structure. The orthogonal mode coupler is a key component of the angle diversity antenna feed source. It gives the diversity beams different polarization modes, which can increase the isolation between the two beams and make the diversity beams more independent. The design of the dielectric rod antenna plays a vital role in the performance of the angle diversity antenna. The dielectric rod antenna is realized by loading a dielectric rod in an open waveguide structure. The dielectric rod antenna has the advantages of low profile and simple structure like its feeding waveguide, and can be well compatible with the feeding waveguide. Introducing a dielectric rod antenna instead of a feed horn in the angle diversity antenna feed can effectively reduce the lateral size of the feed and is beneficial to the optimization of the beam angle.

[0012] The lateral focus of the feed source in the lateral focus angle diversity antenna mainly causes the linear phase shift and cubic phase shift of the parabolic aperture field. The linear phase shift has no effect on the antenna radiation field pattern, but the pattern is shifted. That is to say, compared with the antenna pattern with the aperture field as the same phase field, only the maximum radiation direction is shifted by an angle, while the shape of the pattern does not change. The cubic phase shift not only shifts the maximum radiation direction of the antenna pattern, but also makes the pattern no longer symmetrical. The side lobes on both sides of the main lobe change, with the side lobe on one side increasing and the side lobe on the other side decreasing.

[0013] Feed is a general term for various weakly directional antennas that serve as illuminators for high-gain focused antennas. Their performance determines the overall performance of the antenna, so the feed is the core of the antenna system. As a widely used feed, the corrugated horn antenna has excellent performance: it can obtain an axisymmetric symmetric pattern over a wide frequency band, high gain and low side lobes, and has a clear phase center. Although the corrugated horn feed has the above advantages, its lateral size is too large, and it is difficult to achieve a small angle beam deviation in the angular diversity system.

[0014] The dielectric rod antenna is a typical traveling wave antenna. The dielectric rod antenna has the advantages of small lateral size, light weight, large irradiation angle and wide bandwidth. In addition, choosing the right shape of the dielectric can change the irradiation and cross-polarization characteristics. The dielectric rod antenna generally uses the dielectric as the transmission medium. The dielectric constant of the selected medium should not be too large, and its bandwidth will decrease with the increase of the dielectric constant. Generally, each volume unit in the dielectric rod antenna is regarded as a basic radiation unit, and the radiation field generated by the entire dielectric rod antenna is the vector sum of the radiation fields generated by each individual radiation unit. Due to the addition of the dielectric, the lateral size of the feed source will be greatly reduced. Figure 1 As shown, a common dielectric rod antenna consists of two parts: a dielectric rod 101 and a feeding waveguide 102. The dielectric rod 101 can be divided into a radiation section, a gradient section, a fixed section, and a matching section. Since the feed source adopts a feeding waveguide, the lateral size of the feed source is greatly reduced. In the application of angle diversity technology, the spacing between the feed sources can be reduced, so that the deflection beam meets the required deflection angle.

[0015] The feed sources of the offset angle diversity antenna and the lateral offset focus angle diversity antenna are both implemented using dielectric rod antennas. Although the lateral size is small, the longitudinal size is too long, which makes the entire antenna too large and heavy, increasing the complexity of the structure. Summary of the invention

[0016] The object of the present invention is to provide an antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system to solve the above technical problems.

[0017] The present invention provides an antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system, comprising a feed structure, wherein the feed structure is composed of three identical single feeds arranged in parallel; wherein the middle feed is placed at the phase center of a reflecting surface, and its maximum radiation direction is located in the axial direction of the reflecting surface; the two side feeds and the middle feed have a phase difference relative to the reflecting surface, and their maximum radiation directions each have an angle compared to the middle feed, so as to meet the radiation direction required by the angle diversity antenna;

[0018] The single feed source is composed of a dielectric rod and a small-angle horn; the dielectric rod is a rectangular cone structure, the cone parts at both ends are respectively a radiation section and a matching section, and the middle rectangular section is a fixed section;

[0019] The small opening angle horn is composed of a straight section horn part, an opening angle horn part and a feeding waveguide part connected in sequence; the opening angle horn part has an opening angle on both sides in the direction of the straight section horn part based on the port size of the feeding waveguide part;

[0020] The fixed section of the dielectric rod is matched and connected with the straight section horn part of the small angle horn; the matching section of the dielectric rod is inserted into the angle horn part of the small angle horn; the cone tip of the matching section is confined inside the angle horn part; the feeding waveguide part is used as the excitation of the dielectric rod.

[0021] Furthermore, the invention also includes a feeding waveguide, and the feeding waveguide is connected to the feeding source structure.

[0022] Furthermore, the feeding waveguide part of the small angle speaker and the cross section of the feeding waveguide both adopt a rectangular structure.

[0023] Furthermore, the feeding waveguide is a gooseneck structure.

[0024] Furthermore, the medium of the dielectric rod is polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0025] By means of the above scheme, the antenna used in the scattering angle diversity communication system has the following technical effects:

[0026] 1) The present invention simplifies the structure of the traditional dielectric rod into three parts, removes the gradient section, and retains the matching section, the fixed section and the radiation section, thereby reducing the exposed length of the dielectric rod, increasing the structural stability and reliability, and avoiding deformation caused by excessive length.

[0027] 2) The single feed source of the present invention is composed of a dielectric rod and a small angle horn. The small angle horn is composed of a straight section horn part, an angle horn part and a feeding waveguide part. The feeding waveguide part of the small angle horn is used as the excitation of the dielectric rod. Compared with the structure of the traditional dielectric rod antenna that directly connects the dielectric rod to the feeding waveguide, the size of the entire feed source can be greatly reduced, so that the feed source can be miniaturized. At the same time, the addition of the angle horn part structure will increase the gain of the waveguide small angle horn, that is, improve the beam focusing capability, and thus greatly shorten the size of the dielectric rod antenna. The straight section horn part has both matching effects and facilitates the installation of the dielectric rod.

[0028] 3) The dielectric rod of the present invention is in the shape of a rectangular cone structure. The cone portion of the dielectric rod matching section is inserted into the horn portion, which can improve the matching between the small horn and the feeding waveguide and play a role in reducing the standing wave coefficient. The cone tip of the cone portion is limited inside the horn portion, which can also improve the cross-polarization characteristics of the small horn.

[0029] 4) The feeding waveguide part and the cross-section of the feeding waveguide of the small angle horn of the present invention both adopt a rectangular structure. Compared with the traditional circular waveguide, the spacing between the feed sources of the rectangular feeding waveguide is more flexible to adjust, so that the angle pointing of the multi-beam radiation can more easily meet the angular diversity antenna with different requirements.

[0030] 5) The use of the gooseneck feeding waveguide of the present invention can minimize the shielding of the feeding waveguide on the feed source, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.

[0031] 6) The dielectric rod of the present invention is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which meets the conditions of easy availability, easy processing, and low loss.

[0032] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an existing dielectric rod antenna;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dielectric rod of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the feed structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a front view of the feed structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a left view of the feed structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6is a top view of the feed structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the feed structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding waveguide of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 The overall structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Fig.10 The overall structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0043] Fig.11 The overall structure of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0044] Fig.12 It is the simulation result of the feed source standing wave ratio of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.13 is the intermediate feed directional diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.14 is the right feed pattern of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.15 This is the left side feed pattern of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.16 It is the simulation result of the standing wave ratio of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.17 This is the simulation result of the directional pattern of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0051] Ginseng Figures 2 to 11As shown, this embodiment provides an antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system, which is mainly used in the Ku frequency band, including a feed structure 1, wherein the feed structure 1 is composed of three identical single feeds arranged in parallel in the electric field direction; wherein the middle feed is placed at the phase center of the reflection surface, and its maximum radiation direction is located in the axial direction of the reflection surface; the two side feeds and the middle feed have a certain phase difference relative to the reflection surface, and their maximum radiation directions are respectively at an angle compared with the middle feed, so as to meet the radiation direction required by the angle diversity antenna; the single feed is composed of a dielectric rod 11 and a small angle horn 12; the dielectric rod 11 is a rectangular cone structure, and the cone parts at both ends are respectively a radiation section 111 and a matching section 113, and the middle The rectangular portion is a fixed section 112; the small angle horn 12 is composed of a straight section horn section 121, an angle horn section 122 and a feeding waveguide section 123 connected in sequence; the angle horn section 122 has an angle on both sides in the direction of the straight section horn section 121 based on the port size of the feeding waveguide section 123; the fixed section 112 of the dielectric rod 11 is matched and connected with the straight section horn section 121 of the small angle horn 12; the matching section 113 of the dielectric rod 11 is inserted into the angle horn section 122 of the small angle horn 12; the cone tip of the matching section 113 is limited inside the angle horn section 122; the feeding waveguide section 123 is used as an excitation for the dielectric rod 11. The feed source structure 1 is connected to the feeding waveguide 2. The feeding waveguide 2 is a gooseneck structure. The cross-sections of the feeding waveguide section 123 and the feeding waveguide 2 of the small angle horn are both rectangular structures.

[0052] The present invention is described in further detail below.

[0053] The design of angle diversity antenna feed should meet the following basic requirements:

[0054] (1) Miniaturization of the feed source’s lateral aperture size. The feed source’s lateral size will block electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing radiation efficiency. Therefore, the feed source’s lateral size should be as small as possible to reduce the inefficiency caused by blocking.

[0055] (2) It can provide a uniform aperture field distribution for the reflector. When the feed source and the reflector can be well matched, the energy leakage of the reflector antenna is low, and the reflector antenna can achieve higher efficiency.

[0056] (3) The feed bandwidth meets the reflection surface bandwidth requirements.

[0057] (4) It has a stable phase center.

[0058] While meeting the basic requirements for the design of angular diversity antenna feeds, the present invention changes the original dielectric rod antenna from waveguide feeding to angular horn feeding. By selecting appropriate dielectric materials and dielectric shapes, the feed has a stable phase center and a suitable illumination angle. Finally, three-beam radiation is achieved through three feeds to realize the beam characteristics that must be met for angular diversity.

[0059] In order to achieve angular diversity, three feed sources are used to form multi-beam radiation. The phase center of the middle feed source is located at the focus of the reflecting surface, and the maximum value of the radiation field is located on the axis of the reflecting surface. The phase centers of the left and right feed sources deviate from the focus of the reflecting surface, so that the maximum value of the radiation field deviates from the axis of the reflecting surface, and deviates by a fixed angle in the positive and negative directions.

[0060] A single feed source is composed of a small angle horn 12 and a dielectric rod 11. The addition of the dielectric rod can reduce the sidelobe level of an ordinary horn. The feed end of the dielectric rod is made into a cone and then inserted into the feed waveguide part 123, which can improve the matching between the horn and the feed waveguide part, thereby reducing the standing wave coefficient. The cross-section processing of the dielectric material should be relatively flat, and the part inserted into the small angle horn should not reach the throat of the horn, which can improve the cross-polarization characteristics of the small angle horn. In the electrical properties of the reflector feed source, the phase center is an important indicator for judging the quality of a feed source. Since the dielectric rod itself is a phase shifting material, the phase characteristics vary greatly with frequency. As the frequency increases, the phase center moves forward along the axis to approach the front end of the cone. This is because the bunching effect of the dielectric rod is enhanced after the frequency increases, and the electromagnetic wave is radiated from the thinner part. It is opposite to the movement of the phase center of the ordinary conical horn. The position of the phase center can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of the dielectric rod.

[0061] When other conditions remain unchanged, the larger the dielectric constant of the medium, the larger the Q value will lead to a narrower bandwidth. Therefore, dielectric materials with smaller dielectric constants should be selected as much as possible. At the same time, the selection of dielectric materials should also meet the conditions of material availability, easy processing, and low loss. After comprehensive consideration, polytetrafluoroethylene is selected to realize the feed source.

[0062] Ginseng Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in the previous dielectric rod antenna, the dielectric rod structure can be divided into four parts, namely the matching section, the fixed section, the gradient section and the radiation section. The length of the radiation section is usually about three wavelengths, the length of the gradient section is usually about 1.5 wavelengths, and the size of the protruding feed waveguide is about 4.5 wavelengths. In the Ku dispersion RF band, the size of the protruding feed waveguide will be nearly 100mm long, and the exposed part will easily increase the difficulty of dielectric processing and easily deform, thus affecting the electrical performance of the feed source.

[0063] In this embodiment, the structure of the dielectric rod is simplified into three parts, the gradient section is removed, and the matching section, the fixed section and the radiation section are retained, thereby reducing the exposed length of the dielectric rod, increasing the structural stability and reliability, and avoiding deformation caused by excessive length. Since common dielectric rod antennas are often fed by circular waveguides, the dielectric rod is composed of a combination of multiple frustums. In this embodiment, the feeding structure is changed to a small-angle horn, so the dielectric rod is in the shape of a rectangular cone structure.

[0064] The small opening angle horn can be divided into three parts: a feeding waveguide part 123, an opening angle horn part 122 and a straight section horn part 121. The feeding waveguide part 123 is used to excite the feed source, and the opening angle horn part 122 has a certain opening angle on two opposite sides based on the size of the feeding waveguide mouth part. Compared with the traditional dielectric rod antenna directly fed by waveguide, this can greatly reduce the size of the entire feed source. Traditional dielectric rod antennas usually have very long dielectric rods. The function of the dielectric rod is to guide the direction of electromagnetic waves, converge electromagnetic wave beams and impedance matching. The addition of the opening angle horn part 122 will increase the gain of the waveguide small opening angle horn, that is, improve the beam convergence capability, and thus greatly shorten the size of the dielectric rod antenna. The straight section horn part 121 has both matching effects and facilitates the installation of the dielectric rod.

[0065] The simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the feed source are as follows: Fig.12 As shown, the standing wave ratios of the three feeds are all less than 1.2.

[0066] The simulation results of the feed pattern are as follows: Figures 13 to 15 As shown, all three feeds have angularly symmetric directivity patterns.

[0067] Ginseng Figures 9 to 11 In order to reduce the shielding of the feed waveguide, the feed waveguide 2 is formed into a gooseneck shape. The shielding size of the feed source by the feed waveguide 2 is determined by the projection area of ​​the feed source radiation direction on the feed waveguide. The narrow sides of the three feed waveguides are arranged in parallel. At this time, the shielding is minimized when the projection of the feed source radiation direction intersects with the narrow side of the waveguide. The feed waveguide has the smallest impact on the radiation field and the highest radiation efficiency.

[0068] Fig.16 This is the simulation result of standing wave ratio.

[0069] Fig.17 The following is the simulation result of the radiation pattern. The axially radiated beam, that is, the beam with the maximum value pointing to 0°, has symmetrical side lobes on both sides. The beam deviating from the axial direction is distorted, mainly the side lobes are distorted, and the side lobes are no longer symmetrical. This is caused by the asymmetric distribution of amplitude and phase difference on the entire aperture surface.

[0070] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0071] 1) The present invention simplifies the structure of the traditional dielectric rod into three parts, removes the gradient section, and retains the matching section, the fixed section and the radiation section, thereby reducing the exposed length of the dielectric rod, increasing the structural stability and reliability, and avoiding deformation caused by excessive length.

[0072] 2) The single feed source of the present invention is composed of a dielectric rod and a small angle horn. The small angle horn is composed of a straight section horn part, an angle horn part and a feeding waveguide part. The feeding waveguide part of the small angle horn is used as the excitation of the dielectric rod. Compared with the structure of the traditional dielectric rod antenna that directly connects the dielectric rod to the feeding waveguide, the size of the entire feed source can be greatly reduced, so that the feed source can be miniaturized. At the same time, the addition of the angle horn part structure will increase the gain of the waveguide small angle horn, that is, improve the beam focusing capability, and thus greatly shorten the size of the dielectric rod antenna. The straight section horn part has both matching effects and facilitates the installation of the dielectric rod.

[0073] 3) The dielectric rod of the present invention is in the shape of a rectangular cone structure. The cone portion of the dielectric rod matching section is inserted into the horn portion, which can improve the matching between the small horn and the feeding waveguide and play a role in reducing the standing wave coefficient. The cone tip of the cone portion is limited inside the horn portion, which can also improve the cross-polarization characteristics of the small horn.

[0074] 4) The feeding waveguide part and the cross-section of the feeding waveguide of the small angle horn of the present invention both adopt a rectangular structure. Compared with the traditional circular waveguide, the spacing between the feed sources of the rectangular feeding waveguide is more flexible to adjust, so that the angle pointing of the multi-beam radiation can more easily meet the angular diversity antenna with different requirements.

[0075] 5) The use of the gooseneck feeding waveguide of the present invention can minimize the shielding of the feeding waveguide on the feed source, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.

[0076] 6) The dielectric rod of the present invention is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which meets the conditions of easy availability, easy processing, and low loss.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a feed structure (1), wherein the feed structure (1) is composed of three identical single feeds arranged in parallel; wherein the middle feed is placed at the phase center of the reflection surface, and its maximum radiation direction is located in the axial direction of the reflection surface; the two side feeds and the middle feed have a phase difference relative to the reflection surface, and their maximum radiation directions are respectively at an angle compared with the middle feed, so as to meet the radiation direction required by the angle diversity antenna; The single feed source is composed of a dielectric rod (11) and a small-angle horn (12); the dielectric rod (11) is a rectangular cone structure, the cone parts at both ends are respectively a radiation section (111) and a matching section (113), and the middle rectangular section is a fixed section (112); The small opening angle horn (12) is composed of a straight section horn part (121), an opening angle horn part (122) and a feeding waveguide part (123) connected in sequence; the opening angle horn part (122) has an opening angle on both sides in the direction of the straight section horn part (121) based on the port size of the feeding waveguide part (123); The fixed section (112) of the dielectric rod (11) is matched and connected with the straight section horn part (121) of the small opening angle horn (12); the matching section (113) of the dielectric rod (11) is inserted into the opening angle horn part (122) of the small opening angle horn (12); the cone tip of the matching section (113) is confined inside the opening angle horn part (122); and the feeding waveguide part (123) is used as an excitation for the dielectric rod (11).

2. The antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a feeding waveguide (2), wherein the feeding waveguide (2) is connected to the feeding source structure (1).

3. The antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross sections of the feeding waveguide part (123) of the small angle horn and the feeding waveguide (2) both adopt a rectangular structure.

4. The antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding waveguide (2) is a gooseneck structure.

5. The antenna for a scattering angle diversity communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium of the dielectric rod (11) is polytetrafluoroethylene.

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