Bio-signal-based adaptive exercise plan creation and personalized fitness guidance

Abstract

Methods, systems, and / or computer-implemented instructions are configured to perform or support actions including: determining, for a user, a temporal contribution of each of a set of exercise effort areas, where each of the set of exercise effort areas corresponds to a range of values of a biological signal; determining a time series of exercise target effort areas for the user based on the target time contributions of the set of exercise effort areas; receiving real-time bio-signal data from sensors in a wearable electronic device worn by the user during the exercise period; generating, during the exercise period, an audio, video, or tactile stimulus based on the real-time biosignal data and a target effort region in the time series of exercise target effort regions; and outputting the audio, visual or tactile stimulus during the exercise period.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 373,008, filed on August 19, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] People may choose and plan to participate in various exercise regimens in an attempt to achieve various goals, such as increased metabolism, enhanced athletic performance, weight management, maintaining or improving cardiovascular function, or overall long-term health.

[0004] Selecting and planning an exercise program is challenging for two reasons: First, people have different physical abilities, physical characteristics, or exercise experiences. Therefore, an exercise program that may be particularly appropriate for one individual may be far less appropriate for another.

[0005] Second, users may have different preferences for exercise intensity or indoor and outdoor activities. These preferences may even change from day to day (e.g., depending on the user's fatigue level or based on the weather).

[0006] Therefore, there is a need to facilitate the generation of specifications for exercises that are tailored to an individual's physical abilities and preferences. Summary of the invention

[0007] Some embodiments relate to methods, systems and / or computer-implemented instructions configured to perform or support actions, including: determining a time contribution for a user for each exercise effort area in a set of exercise effort areas, wherein each exercise effort area in the set of exercise effort areas corresponds to a range of values ​​of a biosignal; determining an exercise target effort area time series for the user based on these target time contributions of the set of exercise effort areas; receiving real-time biosignal data from a sensor in a wearable electronic device worn by the user during an exercise time period; generating audio, video or tactile stimulation based on the real-time biosignal data and the target effort areas in the exercise target effort area time series during the exercise time period; and outputting the audio, visual or tactile stimulation during the exercise time period.

[0008] Other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, devices, and computer-readable media associated with the methods described herein. In one embodiment, the computer-readable medium includes instructions for receiving data and analyzing data, but does not include instructions for instructing a machine to create data. In another embodiment, the computer-readable medium includes instructions for instructing a machine to create data. In one embodiment, a computer program product includes a computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions, which are used to control a processor to perform the operations of the methods described herein. Embodiments also relate to a computer system configured to perform the steps of any of the methods described herein, potentially having different components for performing a corresponding step or a corresponding set of steps.

[0009] Reference to the remainder of the specification, including the drawings and claims, will recognize other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The following describes in detail the additional features and advantages of the present disclosure, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments, with respect to the drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals may indicate the same or functionally similar elements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 An exemplary process 100 is shown according to some embodiments of the present disclosure for dynamically defining one or more suggested exercise features based on various types of input (e.g., input received from a user via a user interface, from sensor data, and / or from data collected from one or more external data sources), generating a suggested exercise based on the suggested exercise features, and monitoring progress and / or one or more bio-signals during the exercise.

[0011] Figure 2 An illustration of input components (eg, toggle switches and sliders) that may be provided to receive exercise preferences from a user is provided.

[0012] Figure 3 The presentation of the subset of the bio-signal is shown to correspond to the current time minus a predefined previous offset from the current time plus a predefined subsequent offset.

[0013] Figure 4 It is shown that audio feedback stimulation can be provided to recommend effort changes.

[0014] Figure 5 It is shown that audio feedback stimulation may (eg, alternatively or additionally) include non-verbal stimulation.

[0015] Figure 6 An alternative collapsed representation of the range of effort is shown, where the different ranges are stacked horizontally rather than vertically, and previous areas are not shown.

[0016] Figure 7A process 1000 is shown for using biosignals to design exercises and provide dynamic feedback to help a user achieve exercise goals.

[0017] Figure 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device 800 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In some embodiments, one or more features of the recommended exercise can be defined based on user input or default values. For example, an exercise target effort zone (an example of a feature) can be determined based on the time contribution of the effort zone. This time contribution can be specified by the user or determined by a device worn by the user. A stimulus (e.g., audio, visual, or tactile stimulus) (e.g., based on measured biosignal data) that conveys whether one or more features of the recommended exercise (e.g., a target heart rate value or range) are met can be generated, and the stimulus can be output. For example, the one or more features can indicate a target biosignal (e.g., a target value or target range for heart rate) of the recommended exercise. The exercise target effort zone can have a target value or target range for a biosignal.

[0019] Figure 1 An exemplary process 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown, which is used to dynamically define one or more suggested exercise features based on various types of input (e.g., input received from a user via a user interface, from sensor data, and / or from data collected from one or more external data sources), generate suggested exercises based on the suggested exercise features, and monitor progress and / or one or more biosignals during the exercise. Part or all of process 100, part or all of each of one or more other processes disclosed herein, part or all of each of one or more actions disclosed herein, and / or part or all of one or more methods disclosed herein may be performed by an electronic device (e.g., worn by a user from whom biosignals are collected and / or outputs are presented). In some cases, an application loaded on an electronic device performs part or all of each of one or more other processes disclosed herein, part or all of each of one or more actions disclosed herein, and / or part or all of one or more methods disclosed herein. The electronic device may be a wearable electronic device (such as a watch, armband, or wristband, etc.).

[0020] At box 105, determine the target time distribution of the exercise effort area. Each exercise effort area can be defined based on one or more biosignal metrics. For example, each exercise effort area can correspond to a closed or open range metric, wherein the metric is defined based on the user's current heart rate and resting heart rate and / or across the maximum heart rate previously observed for the user. The distribution can be determined based on (for example) the user's preferred exercise intensity and the user's caloric consumption target. It should be understood that the time contribution, percentage time or distribution of the exercise target effort area (or target effort area or effort area) can indicate the target absolute time amount or target relative time amount that the biosignal will be in the area used for exercise for each effort area in the effort area set. The target time contribution, percentage time or distribution of the exercise target effort area can also potentially identify the target order or target sequence that the biosignal will be in each area during exercise. For example, the target time contribution can indicate that the target of the biosignal will be in area 1 for one minute, then in area 2 for one minute, and then in area 1 for three minutes. The target time contribution, percentage time or distribution of the exercise target effort area can be defined at the exercise level, and exercise can be defined as including multiple sections. Each segment can be assigned to a target exercise effort zone and can have a predefined duration so that the exercise level effort goal (or actual effort) can be evaluated (e.g., by analyzing all segments). Some embodiments may assign a duration of an exercise time period for a period and a specific target value range for a biosignal from a set of exercise effort ranges to each exercise target effort zone in the exercise target effort zone time series.

[0021] At block 110 of process 100, an electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device or another electronic device configured to communicate with the wearable electronic device) receives one or more selections, wherein each selection of at least one of the one or more selections corresponds to a selected exercise type. The electronic device may have presented a plurality of potential selections (e.g., high intensity interval training, hiking, outdoor biking, outdoor running, stationary biking, stationary running, etc.).

[0022] The electronic device or remote computing system may identify multiple potential selections based on, for example, retrieving a pre-identified set of exercise type identifiers or identifying or inferring exercise types that the user has previously participated in. For example, multiple potential selections may be identified based on user input specifying an exercise type of interest or a previously performed exercise type.

[0023] As shown in the exemplary presented potential selection of runs, a preview of the target effort zone time series may be presented so that the user can see how the predicted exercise effort will progress during a given period of time. In some cases, the target effort zone time series may be generated based on, for example, the user's preferred exercise intensity and the user's caloric expenditure goal (see box 105 of the exemplary exercise builder interface).

[0024] As an illustration of the model: a workout session may include predefined amounts of time in multiple effort zones (e.g., high, medium, and low effort zones). To generate this target effort zone time series, first, a base percentage of time in each zone in a workout session is set by using the following thresholds:

[0025] Baseline percentage of time in high-effort zone (a): User preference

[0026] Base time percentage in the medium effort zone (b): 1 / 2*a*(1-a)

[0027] Basal percentage of time in low-effort zone (c): 1-ab

[0028] A time period in minutes can then be defined by relating the user's basal caloric expenditure goal to the estimated energy expenditure of exercising within the above effort zone percentages for a reference time (e.g., 60 minutes). For example, a time period that depends on one or more user attributes (e.g., biological sex, age, weight, and VO 2max ) to generate an estimate of energy expenditure for exercise in the corresponding effort zone, as described, for example, in Keytel, L. et al., Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise., J Sports Sci., 2005; Vol. 23, No. 3: pp. 289-297, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0029] Once the length of the exercise period is determined, a set of effort segments of varying lengths can be generated. If the segment of a specific effort level will have a duration below the threshold time, these parts of the period can be merged into a higher or lower effort zone. This process can be repeated until all effort segments have a length above the threshold time. These segments can then be disrupted. One or more transition segments can then be added to ease the uncoordinated efforts in the adjacent effort ranges. In addition, adjacent segments with the same effort range can be merged into a longer segment. Since the merging of segments below the threshold and the addition of transition zones will change the overall caloric consumption of the exercise plan, the overall intensity of the plan, and the time spent in each effort zone, the estimated caloric consumption of the recommended period can be readjusted by relating the resulting caloric consumption to the basic caloric consumption target and readjusting the duration of each segment by the resulting factor. The final intensity of the exercise plan is determined by the above process and may be biased from the basic selection provided by the user. The final energy consumption estimate of the exercise plan can be presented to the user as a range, starting from the estimated energy consumption of exercising at the lower limit of each effort zone, and ending at the estimated energy consumption of exercising at the upper limit of each effort zone.

[0030] Figure 2 An illustration of input components (eg, toggle switches and sliders) that may be provided to receive exercise preferences from a user is provided. As shown, the distribution of target effort ranges varies with the selected base intensity.

[0031] In some (additional or alternative) instances, a user may have indicated that a given exercise period is preferred by, for example, selecting between a plurality of possible exercise periods. Each of the possible exercise periods may have been associated with a possible effort zone time series generated from a process as described herein.

[0032] The device can determine that a workout has begun by detecting a corresponding input from the user (e.g., pressing a "start" virtual button or speaking a "start workout" command). In some cases, the electronic device performing process 100 continuously collects one or more types of biosignal data as long as the device is worn by the person. In some cases (e.g., if biosignal data is not continuously collected), the application performing process 100 can request or instruct collection of such data upon detecting that a workout has begun.

[0033] The biosignal data may include, for example, the user's current heart rate. For example, by correlating the measured biosignal with the user's personal biosignal range (e.g., with the user's resting heart rate and maximum heart rate), the biosignal may be used to predict the user's real-time effort during exercise, as described in Karvonen, J., Vuorimaa, T., Heart Rate and Exercise Intensity During Sports Activities., Sports Medicine, Vol. 5: pp. 303-311 (1988), https: / / doi.org / 10.2165 / 00007256-198805050-00002, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes).

[0034] Once it is detected that exercise has begun (block 115 ), the device may control an output (e.g., a visual, audio, or tactile stimulus) to indicate whether an estimated current exercise effort (e.g., generated based on one or more detected biosignal measurements) corresponds to a target biosignal and / or target effort level.

[0035] For example, the interface may present a representation of each of one or more target values ​​and / or one or more detection values ​​of the biosignal type. As shown in block 115, the interface may also present a representation of a range corresponding to each of the one or more target values, each of the one or more detection values, and / or one or more effort ranges.

[0036] Representations of current or historical biosignal values ​​may be superimposed on representations of one or more effort zones (e.g., as shown at block 115). For example, a function may be used to convert a current heart rate (e.g., associated with a personal range of heart rate values) into an effort level, such that an estimate of the current effort level may be generated based on a recent or current heart rate, and the estimated current heart rate may be compared to a target heart rate. As another example, a target heart rate may be estimated by correlating the target exercise effort with the difference between the user's maximum and resting heart rates and adding their resting heart rate, as described in Karvonen (1988).

[0037] As shown in block 115, the target effort range may be represented via different colored bars having visual sizes and positions associated with the area of ​​specified effort, and the interface may also include information about current or historical biosignal values ​​and overall exercise session progress. For example, the elapsed time bar may have an x-offset representing overall session progress. The target area may have a visual size and position, a point representing current effort (e.g., estimated from heart rate) may have a position, and a point representing historical effort may have a position as follows:

[0038] Regarding visual updates:

[0039] / / Overall size

[0040] timelineWidth=screenWidth-2*baseIndicatorSize / / front end alignment timelineHeight=screenHeight-2*baseIndicatorSize / / center alignment

[0041] / / Visualize the progress of the time period

[0042] elapsedTimeBarWidth=baseIndicatorSize

[0043] elapsedTimeBarHeight=timelineHeight+2*baseIndicatorSize

[0044] elapsedTimeBarX(offset)=timelineWidth*currentProgress

[0045] elapsedTimeBarY(offset)=-baseIndicatorSize

[0046] / / Visualize the target area

[0047] For regions in the target region:

[0048] zoneWidth=(zoneStart-zoneEnd)*baseZoneWidth

[0049] zoneHeight=timelineHeight

[0050] *((zoneUpperTarget-sessionMinTarget) / (sessionMaxTarget-sessionMinTarget)-(zoneLowerTarget-sessionMinTarget) / (sessionMaxTarget-sessionMinTarget))zoneX(offset)=timelineWidth*currentProgress

[0051] +baseZoneWidth*zoneStart

[0052] +timelineWidth*currentProgress

[0053] -baseZoneWidth*currentProgress

[0054] zoneY(offset)=timelineHeight-zoneHeight

[0055] -timelineHeight*(zoneLowerTarget-sessionMinTarget) / (sessionMaxTarget-sessionMinTarget)

[0056] / / Visualize the collected effort estimates, e.g. based on heart rate

[0057] For (effort, progress) in the collected (effort, progress) estimates:

[0058] / / Visualize recent effort estimates

[0059] If currently:

[0060] effortSize(width,height)=baseIndicatorSize

[0061] effortX(offset)=timelineWidth*currentProgress

[0062] effortY(offset)=timelineHeight

[0063] *(1-((effort-sessionMinTarget) / (sessionMaxTarget-sessionMinTarget)))

[0064] -baseIndicatorSize / / Limited to 0...1

[0065] / / Visualize the previous estimate

[0066] otherwise:

[0067] effortSize(width,height)=baseIndicatorSize / 4

[0068] effortX(offset)=timelineWidth*progress+baseZoneWidth*(progress-

[0069] currentProgress)

[0070] effortY(offset)=timelineHeight

[0071] *(1-((effort-sessionMinTarget) / (sessionMaxTarget-sessionMinTarget)))

[0072] baseIndicatorSize / 4 / / Limited to 0...1

[0073] Wherein screen width, height, timeline width, height, zone width, height, X offset, and Y offset are measured in screen units (e.g., points, pixels); progress, zone start, and zone end range from 0 to 100% of the total period time; zone goal and estimated effort range from 0 to 100% effort (e.g., estimated from heart rate as described above); X and Y offsets are calculated using the timeline width and height as a reference frame; the effort Y offset is constrained between 0% and 100% of the timeline height; baseZoneWidth and baseIndicatorSize are visual constants set in screen units (e.g., points, pixels).

[0074] It should be understood that a given presentation of historical, current, and / or target biosignals (and / or one or more target effort areas) may be a subset of biosignals captured across time periods. Figure 3 As shown, the subset may correspond to the current time minus a predefined previous offset from the current time plus a predefined subsequent offset. In various cases, these visual offsets may be adjusted dynamically (e.g., by changing baseZoneWidth). Thus, each exercise goal effort zone in the exercise goal effort zone time series may include an exercise goal effort zone from the set of exercise goal effort zones, wherein the audio, visual, or tactile stimulus identifies a specific target exercise goal effort zone corresponding to the current time.

[0075] The interface can indicate whether the current effort level estimated based on one or more observed biosignal values ​​matches (or is close enough) the current target effort level and / or can identify the current effort level. For example, at box 115, a representation of the current biosignal is presented by a large circle (174bpm heart rate, converted to effort) together with a representation of the target effort area (high because the translucent bar representing the overall exercise period progress is hovering above the orange high effort area). The historical biosignal values ​​converted to effort are represented by smaller white circles. In the illustrated scenario, the vertical position of the small circle, large circle, and bar is determined by the effort, as calculated by the equation described above. The horizontal position of these elements is determined by the period progress.

[0076] At box 115, the target effort area and the inferred current effort level (as inferred based on one or more detected biosignals) are the same. It should be understood that in the same, similar, or opposite circumstances, the device may output a stimulus indicating whether the inferred effort level matches (or differs from) the target effort level and / or its degree. For example, the visual presentation may vertically position one representation of the target effort level (e.g., a horizontal bar, as described above) and vertically position another representation of the inferred current effort level (e.g., a large circle, as described above).

[0077] As another example, an audio stimulus may be generated such that one or more acoustic characteristics of the stimulus vary (e.g., vary monotonically) based on the difference between the target effort level and the inferred current effort level. To illustrate, the volume of the cyclic audio feedback stimulus may depend monotonically on the degree to which the target effort level differs from the inferred current effort level. As another illustration, an audio feedback stimulus may be provided to recommend an effort change (e.g., such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in Figure 4 As shown, the audio feedback stimulus may include speech (e.g., simulated speech) that may identify a user's current effort range, a current target effort range generated for the user, and / or an upcoming target effort range.

[0078] like Figure 5As shown, the audio feedback stimulus may (e.g., alternatively or additionally) include a non-verbal stimulus (e.g., a looped audio sample, a beep, a tone, an audible pulse, etc.), wherein the acoustic characteristics of the stimulus indicate the degree to which the user's inferred current effort is different from the current target effort range. For example, the volume of the non-verbal audio stimulus may be scaled as the user's current effort is above or below the current target effort range, as defined below. The difference is measured from the upper limit of the target effort region for audio feedback of the inferred current effort above the target effort region, and the difference is measured from the lower limit of the target effort region for audio feedback of the inferred current effort below the target effort region. In some cases, when the user's current effort is within the current target effort range, there is no non-verbal audio stimulus. Exemplary pseudo code is as follows:

[0079] Regarding the new effort estimates:

[0080] If effort > zoneUpperTarget:

[0081] currentFeedbackVolume=abs(effort-zoneUpperTarget) /

[0082] maxDifference*maxVolume

[0083] Otherwise, if you work hard <zoneLowerTarget:

[0084] currentFeedbackVolume=abs(effort-zoneLowerTarget) /

[0085] maxDifference*maxVolume

[0086] otherwise:

[0087] currentFeedbackVolume=0

[0088] where abs(effort-target) is limited between 0 and maxDifference; and maxDifference and maxVolume are constants.

[0089] In some embodiments, the degree to which the user's current effort level differs from the exercise target effort zone can be estimated based on the real-time biosignal data and at least a portion of the exercise target effort zone time series. A stimulus characteristic (e.g., the location of a volume) is determined based on the estimated degree. Audio, visual, or tactile stimulation can be generated based on the stimulus characteristic. As part of determining the degree, the current value of the biosignal can be compared to a target value range of the biosignal for the exercise target effort zone.

[0090] return Figure 1 , box 120 shows how the user switches screens to track their progress with exercise-related or absolute data. For example, exercise-related data may identify an estimated or actual duration of the exercise; an indication of an upcoming zone; explicit identification of current, past, or target biosignal values, distance to a target, etc.

[0091] Finally, box 125 shows how the user can review information corresponding to a completed exercise session. The interface may include, for example, a time series of measured biosignal values, average pace and distance, and the absolute time or percentage of time spent in each effort zone. The interface may also allow the user to review previous exercise sessions.

[0092] It should be understood that additional or alternative functionality to that disclosed may be contemplated. For example, Figure 6 An alternative collapsed representation of the effort range is shown, where the different ranges are stacked horizontally rather than vertically, and the previous areas are not shown. This collapsed representation can facilitate showing a larger amount of other types of data on the screen. For another example, Figure 6 It is shown that the technology can be used when performing exercises in a single location (e.g., and not outside). Such exercises can include following exercise instructions provided on a television or computer screen, using a treadmill, using a stationary bicycle, etc. For another example, the interface can be configured to present "group mode" data, where a given user can see real-time information about which effort zone (or at what effort level) one or more contacts are in, or what percentage of the exercise period that the effort level of one or more contacts has matched the target effort zone. Such information can also be transmitted from the user's device to one or more contacts.

[0093] Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein facilitate using dynamic data and various models to provide exercise structure and feedback that can help users achieve exercise goals. The effort level zones and dynamic feedback can help users easily internalize how to modify exercise efforts (in real time) to meet exercise goals.

[0094] Figure 7A process 1000 for designing an exercise using biosignals and providing dynamic feedback to help a user achieve an exercise goal is shown. Part or all of process 700 may be performed at a user device, such as a wearable device. It should be understood that the blocks in process 700 correspond to selected actions related to embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the disclosure presented above may involve further details about one or more of blocks 700; may illustrate how one or more blocks of process 700 may be modified; and / or may illustrate how process 700 may include more than one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 There are fewer or more actions depicted in the .

[0095] At box 710, the time contribution of each exercise effort zone in the set of exercise effort zones is determined for the user. This determination can be based on (for example) the user's preferred exercise intensity and the user's caloric consumption target. The time contribution of the exercise effort zone can identify the user's biological signal corresponding to the target absolute or relative amount of time for a given effort zone. A given time contribution can be specific to a given time interval or accumulation. For example, box 710 may include determining a target sequence of exercise effort zones, wherein the sequence includes an ordered identification of the effort zone and the duration of each zone. For another example, box 710 may include identifying the absolute cumulative amount of time for exercise or the target time percentage of exercise to be allocated to a given target exercise effort zone. Each exercise effort zone time percentage corresponds to a specific target value range of the biological signal. The biological signal may include any biological signal disclosed herein, such as heart rate. The total period time is generated by correlating the expected caloric burn of each effort zone with the user's caloric burn base target.

[0096] At block 720, a target effort zone time sequence for the user is determined based on the set of exercise effort zone time percentages and the total session time. In some cases, a series of exercise sessions are defined, where each session corresponds to a possible effort zone time sequence.

[0097] At block 730, real-time biosignal data is received during the exercise. The real-time biosignal data may be received from and / or may be collected by sensors in a user device. The user device may include a wearable electronic device worn by a user.

[0098] At block 740, during the exercise period, an audio, visual, or tactile stimulus is generated based on the real-time biosignal data and the target effort zone in the exercise target effort zone time series. The stimulus may, for example, indicate how closely the detected biosignal corresponds to the target biosignal (or target effort range), may recommend a specific change to the user (e.g., to increase speed), etc.

[0099] At block 750, audio, visual, or tactile stimulation is output.

[0100] Figure 8 800 is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device, also referred to as a computing device. Device 800 generally includes a computer-readable medium 802, a processing system 804, an input / output (I / O) subsystem 806, a wireless circuit 808, and an audio circuit 810 including a speaker 812 and a microphone 814. These components may be coupled via one or more communication buses or signal lines 803. Device 800 may be any portable electronic device, including a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a tablet device, a media player, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a key chain, a car key, an access card, a multi-function device, a mobile phone, a portable gaming device, a headset, etc., including a combination of two or more of these items.

[0101] Obviously, Figure 8 The architecture shown is only one example of an architecture for device 800 , and device 800 may have more or fewer components or components in a different configuration than shown. Figure 8 The various components shown may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing circuits and / or application specific integrated circuits.

[0102] The wireless circuit 808 is used to send and receive information over a wireless link or network to conventional circuits of one or more other devices, such as an antenna system, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a codec (CODEC) chipset, memory, etc. The wireless circuit 808 may use various protocols, such as those described herein. In various embodiments, the wireless circuit 808 is capable of establishing and maintaining communications with other devices using one or more communication protocols including time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced data GSM environment (EDGE), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), LTE, advanced long term evolution (LTE), Wi-Fi (such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE802.11g and / or IEEE 802.11n), Bluetooth, Wi-MAX, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), near field communication protocol (NFC), protocols for email, instant messaging and / or short message service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols that have not been developed as of the filing date of this document.

[0103] The wireless circuit 808 is coupled to the processing system 804 via the peripheral device interface 816. The peripheral device interface 816 may include conventional components for establishing and maintaining communications between peripheral devices and the processing system 804. Voice information and data information received by the wireless circuit 808 (e.g., in a voice recognition or voice command application) is sent to the one or more processors 818 via the peripheral device interface 816. The one or more processors 818 can be configured to process various data formats of the one or more applications 834 stored on the medium 802.

[0104] The peripheral device interface 816 couples the input peripheral devices and output peripheral devices of the device 800 to one or more processors 818 and the computer-readable medium 802. One or more processors 818 communicate with the computer-readable medium 802 via the controller 820. The computer-readable medium 802 can be any device or medium that can store code and / or data for use by one or more processors 818. The computer-readable medium 802 may include a memory hierarchy, including cache, main memory, and auxiliary memory. The memory hierarchy can be implemented using any combination of random access memory (RAM) (e.g., static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), double data random access memory (DDRAM)), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, magnetic storage device, and / or optical storage device (such as, disk drive, tape, CD (optical disc) and DVD (digital video disc)). In some embodiments, the peripheral device interface 816, one or more processors 818, and the controller 820 can be implemented on a single chip such as the processing system 804. In some other embodiments, they can be implemented on separate chips.

[0105] The processor 818 may include hardware and / or software elements that perform one or more processing functions, such as mathematical operations, logical operations, data manipulation operations, data transfer operations, controlling the receipt of user input, controlling the output of information to a user, etc. The processor 818 may be embodied as one or more hardware processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.

[0106] Device 800 also includes a power system 842 for powering the various hardware components. Power system 842 may include a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., batteries, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED)), and any other components typically associated with the generation, management, and distribution of electricity in a mobile device.

[0107] In some embodiments, the device 800 includes a camera 844. In some embodiments, the device 800 includes a sensor 846. The sensor may include an accelerometer, a compass, a gyroscope, a pressure sensor, an audio sensor, a light sensor, a barometer, etc. The sensor 846 may be used to sense aspects of a location, such as an auditory marker or a light marker of a location.

[0108] In some embodiments, the device 800 may include a GPS receiver, sometimes referred to as a GPS unit 848. The mobile device may use a satellite navigation system such as a global positioning system (GPS) to obtain positioning information, timing information, altitude, or other navigation information. During operation, the GPS unit may receive signals from GPS satellites orbiting the earth. The GPS unit analyzes the signals to estimate the transmission time and distance. The GPS unit may determine the current location (current position) of the mobile device. Based on these estimates, the mobile device may determine the position, altitude, and / or current speed. The position may be a geographic coordinate, such as latitude information and longitude information.

[0109] One or more processors 818 execute various software components stored in the medium 802 to perform various functions of the device 800. In some embodiments, the software components include an operating system 822, a communication module 824 (or an instruction set), a location module 826 (or an instruction set), an exercise module 828 used as part of the adaptive exercise operations described herein, and other applications 834 (or an instruction set).

[0110] The operating system 822 may be any suitable operating system, including iOS, Mac OS, Darwin, a real-time operating system (RTXC), LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks. The operating system may include various programs, instruction sets, software components, and / or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.), and facilitate communication between various hardware and software components.

[0111] The communication module 824 facilitates communication with other devices through one or more external ports 836 or via the wireless circuit 808, and includes various software components for processing data received from the wireless circuit 808 and / or the external port 836. The external port 836 (e.g., a universal serial bus (USB), FireWire, a lightning connector, a 60-pin connector, etc.) is suitable for coupling to other devices directly or indirectly through a network (e.g., the Internet, a wireless local area network (LAN), etc.).

[0112] The location / motion module 826 can help determine the current location (e.g., coordinates or other geographic location identifiers) and movement of the device 800. Modern positioning systems include satellite-based positioning systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), cellular network positioning based on "cell IDs," and Wi-Fi positioning technology based on Wi-Fi networks. GPS also relies on the visibility of multiple satellites to determine location estimates, which may not be visible (or have weak signals) indoors or in "urban canyons." In some embodiments, the location / motion module 826 receives data from the GPS unit 848 and analyzes the signal to determine the current location of the mobile device. In some embodiments, the location / motion module 826 can use Wi-Fi or cellular location technology to determine the current location. For example, the location of the mobile device can be estimated using knowledge of nearby cell sites and / or Wi-Fi access points and knowledge of their locations. Information identifying the Wi-Fi or cellular transmitter is received at the wireless circuit 808 and passed to the location / motion module 826. In some embodiments, the location module receives one or more transmitter IDs. In some embodiments, the sequence of transmitter IDs may be compared to a reference database (e.g., a cell ID database, a Wi-Fi reference database) that maps or associates transmitter IDs to location coordinates of corresponding transmitters, and based on the location coordinates of the corresponding transmitters, an estimated location coordinate of the device 800 is calculated. Regardless of the particular positioning technology used, the position / motion module 826 receives information from which a position fix can be derived, interprets the information, and returns location information, such as geographic coordinates, latitude / longitude, or other location fix data.

[0113] The exercise module 828 can transmit / receive ranging messages to / from, for example, an antenna connected to the wireless circuit 808. These messages can be used for various purposes, such as for identifying the transmitting antenna of the device, determining the timestamp of the message to determine the distance between the mobile device 800 and another device. The ranging module 828 can exist on various processors of the device, such as an always-on processor (AOP), a UWB chip, and / or an application processor. For example, a component of the ranging module 828 can determine the distance on the AOP, and another component of the ranging module can interact with the sharing module, such as to display the location of another device on the screen so that the user can select another device to share data items. The ranging module 828 can also interact with a reminder module, which can provide an alarm based on the distance to another mobile device.

[0114] The one or more applications 834 on the device 800 may include any application installed on the device 800, including but not limited to a browser, an address book, a contact list, email, instant messaging, social networking, word processing, keyboard emulation, desktop applets, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, voice replication, a music player (for playing back recorded music stored in one or more files such as MP3 or AAC files), and the like.

[0115] There may be other modules or instruction sets (not shown), such as a graphics module, a time module, and the like. For example, the graphics module may include various conventional software components for presenting, animating, and displaying graphical objects (including but not limited to text, web pages, icons, digital images, animations, etc.) on a display surface. In another example, the timer module may be a software timer. The timer module may also be implemented in hardware. The timer module may maintain various timers for any number of events.

[0116] The I / O subsystem 806 may be coupled to a display system (not shown) which may be a touch-sensitive display. The display displays visual output to the user in a graphical user interface (GUI). The visual output may include text, graphics, video, and any combination thereof. Some or all of the visual outputs may correspond to user interface objects. Although the display may use LED (light emitting diode), LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, or LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, other display technologies may be used in other embodiments.

[0117] In some embodiments, the I / O subsystem 806 may include a display and a user input device, such as a keyboard, a mouse and / or a touchpad. In some embodiments, the I / O subsystem 806 may include a touch-sensitive display. The touch-sensitive display may also accept input from a user based at least in part on tactile and / or tactile contact. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive display forms a touch-sensitive surface for accepting user input. The touch-sensitive display / surface (together with any associated modules and / or instruction groups in the computer-readable medium 802) detects contact (and any movement or release of contact) on the touch-sensitive display, and converts the detected contact into an interaction with a user interface object, such as one or more soft keys displayed on a touch screen when contact occurs. In some embodiments, the contact point between the touch-sensitive display and the user corresponds to one or more fingers of the user. The user may contact the touch-sensitive display using any suitable object or accessory such as a stylus, a pen, a finger, etc. The touch-sensitive display surface may use any suitable touch-sensitive technology to detect contact and any movement or release thereof, including capacitive technology, resistive technology, infrared technology, and surface acoustic wave technology, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more contact points with the touch-sensitive display.

[0118] In addition, the I / O subsystem 806 may also be coupled to one or more other physical control devices (not shown), such as buttons, keys, switches, rocker buttons, dials, slide switches, joysticks, LEDs, etc., for controlling or performing various functions, such as power control, speaker volume control, ring volume, keyboard input, scrolling, holding, menus, lock screens, clearing and ending communications, etc. In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the device 800 may include a touch pad (not shown) for activating or deactivating specific functions. In some embodiments, the touch pad is a touch-sensitive area of ​​the device that, unlike a touch screen, does not display visual output. The touch pad may be a touch-sensitive surface separate from a touch-sensitive display or an extension of a touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch-sensitive display.

[0119] In some embodiments, an application executed on a user's device may be used to perform some or all of the operations described herein. Circuits, logic modules, processors, and / or other components may be configured to perform the various operations described herein. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that such configuration may be accomplished by design, setup, interconnection, and / or programming of specific components, depending on the specific implementation, and again depending on the specific implementation, the configured components may be reconfigurable or not reconfigurable for different operations. For example, a programmable processor may be configured by providing appropriate executable code; a dedicated logic circuit may be configured by appropriately connecting logic gates and other circuit elements; and so on.

[0120] Any software component or function described in this patent application can be implemented as a software code to be executed by a processor using any suitable computer language such as Java, C++ or Perl, using, for example, conventional or object-oriented techniques. The software code can be stored as a series of instructions or commands on a computer-readable medium for storage and / or transmission, and suitable media include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic media such as a hard drive or floppy disk, or optical media such as a compact disk (CD) or DVD (digital versatile disk), flash memory, etc. The computer-readable medium can be any combination of such storage devices or transmission devices.

[0121] Such programs can also be encoded and transmitted using carrier signals, which are suitable for transmission via wired networks, optical networks and / or wireless networks (including the Internet) that meet various protocols. Similarly, the computer-readable medium according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be created using data signals encoded by such programs. The computer-readable medium encoded with program code can be encapsulated with compatible devices or provided independently of other devices (for example, downloaded via the Internet). Any such computer-readable medium can reside in or be located in a single computer program product (for example, a hard drive or an entire computer system), and can be present in or located in different computer program products in a system or network. The computer system may include a monitor, a printer or other suitable displays for providing any result mentioned herein to the user.

[0122] Computer programs incorporating various features of the present disclosure may be encoded on various computer-readable storage media; suitable media include disks or tapes, optical storage media such as compact disks (CDs) or DVDs (digital versatile disks), flash memory, etc. Computer-readable storage media encoded with program code may be packaged with compatible devices or provided independently of other devices. In addition, program code may be encoded and transmitted via wired optical and / or wireless networks (including the Internet) that conform to a variety of protocols, thereby allowing distribution, for example, via Internet downloads. Any such computer-readable medium may reside in or be located within a single computer product (e.g., a solid-state drive, a hard drive, a CD, or an entire computer system), and may be present in or located within different computer products within a system or network. The computer system may include a monitor, a printer, or other suitable display for providing any results mentioned herein to a user.

[0123] As described above, one aspect of the technology of the present invention is to collect, share and use data, including authentication tags and data derived from the tags. The present disclosure contemplates that, in some instances, these collected data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data may include demographic data, location-based data, phone numbers, email addresses, twitter IDs, home addresses, data or records related to the user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital sign measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other identifying information or personal information.

[0124] The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data in the present technology can be used to benefit the user. For example, the personal information data can be used to authenticate another device and vice versa to control which device ranging operations can be performed. In addition, the present disclosure also anticipates other uses of personal information data that benefit the user. For example, health and fitness data can be shared to provide insights into the user's overall health status, or can be used as positive feedback to individuals using technology to pursue health goals.

[0125] The disclosure anticipates that entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transmission, storage or other uses of such personal information data will comply with sound privacy policies and / or privacy measures. Specifically, such entities should implement and adhere to the use of privacy policies and measures that are recognized as meeting or exceeding the industry or government requirements for maintaining the privacy and security of personal information data. Users can easily access such policies and should be updated as the collection and / or use of data changes. Personal information from users should be collected for legal and reasonable entity purposes and should not be shared or sold outside these legal purposes. In addition, such collection / sharing should be carried out after receiving the user's informed consent. In addition, such entities should consider taking any necessary steps to protect and safeguard access to such personal information data, and ensure that other entities with access to personal information data comply with the privacy policies and procedures of other entities. In addition, such entities can subject themselves to third-party assessments to prove that they comply with widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adapted to specific types of personal information data collected and / or accessed, and to applicable laws and standards including considerations of special jurisdictions. For example, in the United States, the collection or acquisition of certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); while health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly. Therefore, different privacy measures should be advocated for different types of personal data in each country.

[0126] Notwithstanding the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates implementation schemes in which users selectively block the use or access of personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware elements and / or software elements may be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, with respect to sharing content and performing ranging, the technology of the present invention may be configured to allow users to choose to "opt in" or "opt out" to participate in the collection of personal information data at any time during or after registration for a service. In addition to providing "opt-in" and "opt-out" options, the present disclosure also contemplates providing notifications related to access or use of personal information. For example, a user may be notified that their personal information data will be accessed when downloading an application, and then be reminded again just before the personal information data is accessed by the application.

[0127] In addition, it is the intention of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and processed in a manner that minimizes the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Once the data is no longer needed, the risk can be minimized by limiting the collection of data and deleting the data. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health-related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect the privacy of users. De-identification can be facilitated by removing specific identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of stored data (e.g., collecting location data at the city level rather than at the address level), controlling how the data is stored (e.g., aggregating data between users), and / or other methods when appropriate.

[0128] Therefore, while the present disclosure broadly covers the use of personal information data to implement one or more of the various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that various embodiments may be implemented without access to such personal information data. That is, various embodiments of the present technology will not fail to function properly due to the lack of all or part of such personal information data.

[0129] Although the disclosure has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the disclosure is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents coming within the scope of the following claims.

[0130] All patents, patent applications, publications, and specifications mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. No admission is made that any document is prior art.

[0131] Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims.

[0132] Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus, while the disclosed technology is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrative embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described in detail above. However, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalent forms that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0133] The use of the terms "one" and "an" and "the" and similar indicators in the context of describing the disclosed embodiments (particularly in the context of the following claims) will be interpreted as covering both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise specified herein or clearly contradicted by the context. Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprise", "have", "include" and "contain" should be interpreted as open terms (i.e., meaning "including but not limited to"). The term "connection" is interpreted as being partially or completely included, attached or joined together even if there is something intervening. The phrase "based on" should be understood as open, and is not limited in any way, and is intended to be interpreted or otherwise understood as "at least partially based on" where appropriate. Unless otherwise specified herein, the description of the numerical range herein is intended only to be used as a simple method of referring to each individual value falling within the range individually, and each individual value is incorporated into the specification, as if quoted separately herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise specified herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by the context. Unless otherwise stated, the use of any and all examples or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein is intended only to better illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Any language in the specification should not be interpreted as indicating that any undeclared element is essential to the practice of the present disclosure. Unless explicitly indicated to the contrary, the use of "or" is intended to mean "inclusive or" rather than "exclusive or". Mentioning a "first" component does not necessarily require the provision of a second component. In addition, unless explicitly stated, mentioning a "first" component or a "second" component does not limit the components mentioned to a specific location. The term "based on" is intended to mean "based at least in part on".

[0134] Unless otherwise specifically stated, disjunctive language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, or Z" is understood in context as generally used to present an item, term, or the like that can be X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and / or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is generally not intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require that at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z each be present. Additionally, conjunctive language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z" is also understood to mean X, Y, Z, or any combination thereof, including "X, Y, and / or Z," unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0135] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventor for carrying out the present disclosure. After reading the foregoing description, variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The inventor expects that the technical staff will appropriately adopt such variations, and the inventor intends to practice the present disclosure in a manner different from that specifically described herein. Therefore, as permitted by applicable law, the present disclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recorded in the claims attached to the present disclosure. In addition, unless otherwise noted herein or obviously contradictory to the context, the present disclosure includes any combination of all possible variations of the above-mentioned elements.

[0136] The specific details of particular embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner or varied from those shown and described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of embodiments of the invention.

[0137] The above description of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for the purpose of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive, nor is it intended to limit the present disclosure to the precise form described, and many modifications and variations are possible in accordance with the above teachings. The embodiments are selected and described to fully illustrate the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, so as to enable others skilled in the art to take full advantage of the present disclosure in various embodiments and with various modifications suitable for the specific purpose envisioned.

[0138] All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: determining a target time contribution for each exercise target effort area in a set of exercise target effort areas for the user's exercise, thereby determining a plurality of target time contributions, wherein each exercise target effort area in the set of exercise target effort areas corresponds to a target value range of the bio-signal; determining an exercise goal effort zone time sequence for the user based on the plurality of target time contributions to the set of exercise goal effort zones; receiving real-time biosignal data from sensors in a wearable electronic device worn by the user during an exercise period; generating audio, visual, or tactile stimulation during the exercise period based on the real-time biosignal data and an exercise target effort zone in the exercise target effort zone time series; as well as During the exercise period, the audio, visual or tactile stimulation is output.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the biological signal is heart rate.

3. A computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein each exercise target effort area in the exercise target effort area time series includes an exercise target effort area from the exercise target effort area set, and wherein the audio, visual or tactile stimulation identifies a specific exercise target effort area corresponding to a current time.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising: estimating the degree to which the user's current effort level differs from the exercise target effort zone based on the real-time biosignal data and at least a portion of the exercise target effort zone time series; as well as A stimulation characteristic is determined based on the degree, wherein the audio, visual or tactile stimulation is generated based on the stimulation characteristic.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein estimating the degree to which the user's current effort level differs from the exercise target effort zone based on the real-time biosignal data and at least a portion of the exercise target effort zone time series comprises: A current value of the biosignal is compared with the target value range of the biosignal for the exercise target effort zone.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the audio, visual, or tactile stimulation comprises an audio stimulation.

7. A computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein determining the exercise target effort zone time series for the user based on the multiple target time contributions to the exercise target effort zone set includes using a model that transforms the biosignal into estimated energy expenditure.

8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein determining the exercise goal effort zone time series comprises: determining a target percentage of time to be spent in the set of exercise goal effort zones based on one or more preferences identified by the user; defining a set of time periods for the exercise, wherein each time period corresponds to the exercise target effort zone time series; as well as Each exercise target effort zone in the exercise target effort zone time series is assigned a duration of the exercise time period for the period and a specific target value range of the bio-signal from an exercise effort range set.

9. A computing device comprising: one or more memories; and One or more processors in communication with the one or more memories and configured to execute instructions stored in the one or more memories to perform the operations of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer readable medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a computing device, cause the one or more processors to perform the operations of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

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