Communication method in earth mobile cell

Abstract

One disclosure of the present specification provides a method by which a UE performs communication. The method comprises the steps of: receiving information on a satellite from a network, where the information on the satellite includes orbit information of the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, and the satellite serves the UE; calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbit information and the reference position; determining a trajectory of a reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and orbit information based on beam angle fixation of the satellite; and performing cell measurement based on the trajectory of the reference position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communications. Background Art

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a technology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemes have been proposed for the LTE goal, including those aimed at reducing user and provider costs, improving service quality, and expanding and improving coverage and system capacity. As upper layer requirements, 3GPP LTE requires reduced cost per bit, increased service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, simple structure, open interfaces, and sufficient power consumption of terminals.

[0003] Development of requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems has begun in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP. 3GPP must identify and develop technical components for successful standardization of new RATs that will meet both immediate market needs and longer-term requirements set forth by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process in a timely manner. In addition, NR should be able to use any spectrum band in the range of at least up to 100 GHz that can be used for wireless communications even in the more distant future.

[0004] The goal of NR is a single technology framework that addresses all use cases, requirements and deployment scenarios, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. NR should be inherently forward compatible. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] In order for a terminal to be served by an Earth-mobile cell, an operation taking into account the characteristics of the Earth-mobile cell is required.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] The terminal uses satellite orbit information (etc.) to predict the reference position trajectory of the earth's mobile cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0012] Figure 4is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0013] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0014] Figure 6 Examples of subframe types in NR are shown.

[0015] Figure 7 is an example diagram showing an example of SS blocks in NR.

[0016] Figure 8 is an example diagram showing an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0017] Fig. 9 is an exemplary diagram showing an example of NTN.

[0018] Fig.10 is an example diagram showing two types of NTN satellites.

[0019] Fig.11 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0020] Fig.12 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0021] Fig.13 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0022] Fig.14 The process of the UE according to the disclosure of this specification is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following techniques, devices and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. The evolutions of 3GPP LTE include LTE-A (Advanced), LTE-A Pro and / or 5G NR (New Radio).

[0024] For the convenience of description, the implementation of the present disclosure is mainly described with respect to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, various aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.

[0025] For terms and techniques not specifically described among the terms and techniques used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to the present disclosure.

[0026] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "A or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, "A, B, or C" in the present disclosure may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0027] In the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0028] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In addition, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as being the same as "at least one of A and B".

[0029] Additionally, in the disclosure, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C.”

[0030] In addition, the brackets used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". In detail, when it is shown as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". In addition, even when it is shown as "control information (ie, PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information".

[0031] The technical features described separately in one drawing in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0032] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0033] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise indicated, the same reference numerals in the following drawings and / or descriptions may represent the same and / or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks and / or functional blocks.

[0034] Figure 1 An example of a communication system to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0035] Figure 1 The 5G usage scenarios shown are only exemplary. The technical features of the present disclosure can be applied to Figure 1 Other 5G usage scenarios not shown.

[0036] The three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communications (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , the communication system 1 includes wireless devices 100a to 100f, a base station (BS) 200, and a network 300. Figure 1 A 5G network is shown as an example of a network of the communication system 1 , but implementations of the present disclosure are not limited to the 5G system and may be applied to future communication systems other than the 5G system.

[0038] BS 200 and network 300 may be implemented as wireless devices, and certain wireless devices may operate as BSs / network nodes relative to other wireless devices.

[0039] The wireless devices 100a to 100f represent devices that perform communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or LTE), and may be referred to as communication / radio / 5G devices. The wireless devices 100a to 100f may include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. A vehicle may include an unmanned vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). An XR device may include an AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head mounted device (HMD), a head up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include televisions, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0040] In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be referred to as user equipment (UE). For example, the UE may include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or a device related to the field of the fourth industrial revolution.

[0041] For example, a UAV may be an aerial vehicle that is flown without humans aboard and is controlled by wireless signals.

[0042] For example, a VR device may include a device for realizing an object or background of a virtual world. For example, an AR device may include a device realized by connecting an object or background of a virtual world to an object or background of a real world. For example, an MR device may include a device realized by merging an object or background of a virtual world into an object or background of a real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device for realizing a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and reproducing stereoscopic information using a light interference phenomenon generated when two lasers meet, called holography.

[0043] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or an image device that may be wearable on a user's body.

[0044] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0045] For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, curing, alleviating, treating or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of diagnosing, curing, alleviating or correcting an injury or trauma. For example, a medical device may be a device for the purpose of inspecting, replacing or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device for regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a device for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro) diagnosis, a hearing aid or a device for surgery.

[0046] For example, the safety device may be a device installed to prevent possible danger and maintain safety. For example, the safety device may be a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder or a black box.

[0047] For example, a fintech device may be a device that is capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a point of sale (POS) system.

[0048] For example, weather / environmental devices may include devices for monitoring or predicting weather / environmental conditions.

[0049] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. The AI ​​technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a super 5G network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., side link communication) with each other without passing through the BS 200 / network 300. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). An IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0050] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f and / or between wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200 and / or between BS200. In this document, wireless communication / connection may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication or device-to-device (D2D) communication 150b, inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)), etc. Wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200 / wireless devices 100a to 100f may send / receive radio signals to each other through wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, and 150c may send / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes for sending / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0051] AI refers to the field that studies artificial intelligence or the methods that can create it, while machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems solved in the field of AI and the methods to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms that increase the performance of a task through steady experience with the task.

[0052] A robot means a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task through its own capabilities. In particular, a robot that has the ability to recognize the environment and determine the actions to be performed by itself can be called an intelligent robot. According to the purpose or field of use, robots can be classified as industrial, medical, household, military, etc. Robots can perform various physical operations, such as moving robot joints using actuators or motors. Mobile robots also include driven wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., allowing them to travel on the ground or fly in the air.

[0053] Autonomous driving means the technology of self-driving, and autonomous vehicles mean vehicles that are driven without user control or with minimal user control. For example, autonomous driving may include maintaining a lane while in motion, automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), automatically driving along a set route, and automatically setting a route when a destination is set. Vehicles cover vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine, hybrid vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and electric vehicles equipped with an electric motor, and may include trains, motorcycles, etc. as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles may be considered robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0054] Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds only through computer graphics (CG) images. AR technology provides virtual CG images on top of real object images. MR technology is a CG technology that combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that they display real objects and virtual objects together. However, the difference is that in AR technology, virtual objects are used as a supplementary form of real objects, while in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as equal individuals.

[0055] NR supports multiple parameter sets (and / or multiple subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15kHz, wide areas can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if the SCS is 30kHz / 60kHz, dense cities, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. If the SCS is 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0056] The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges, namely, FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may vary. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency range used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "range below 6 GHz", FR2 may mean "range above 6 GHz" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0057] [Table 1]

[0058] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 450MHz-6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0059] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may be changed. For example, as shown in Table 2 below, FR1 may include a frequency band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850 MHz, 5900 MHz, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 may include an unlicensed frequency band. The unlicensed frequency band may be used for various purposes, such as for communication of vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0060] [Table 2]

[0061] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing FR1 410MHz-7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0062] Here, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology for low power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, which may be implemented in specifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may be based on LTE-M technology communication. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and is referred to as various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various specifications such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication and / or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited to the above names. Additionally and / or alternatively, the radio communication technology implemented in the wireless device in the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low power communication, and may not be limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) associated with small / low power digital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to as various names.

[0063] Figure 2 An example of a wireless device to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0064] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment, the first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be implemented in various forms according to the usage / service. For example, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Figure 1 At least one of {wireless devices 100a to 100f and BS200}, {wireless devices 100a to 100f and wireless devices 100a to 100f} and / or {BS200 and BS200}. The first wireless device 100 and / or the second wireless device 200 may be configured by various elements, devices / components and / or modules.

[0065] The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 106 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 101 ), and / or one or more antennas 108 .

[0066] The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor (eg, the processor 102 ) and at least one memory (eg, the memory 104 ). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 104 may be located outside the processing chip 101 .

[0067] The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104.

[0068] The memory 104 may be operably connected to the processor 102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 104 may store firmware and / or software code 105 that implements codes, commands, and / or command sets that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or software code 105 may control the processor 102 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0069] In this document, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0070] The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver (eg, transceiver 206 ), at least one processing chip (eg, processing chip 201 ), and / or one or more antennas 208 .

[0071] The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor (eg, the processor 202 ) and at least one memory (eg, the memory 204 ). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory 204 may be located outside the processing chip 201 .

[0072] The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts described in the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204.

[0073] The memory 204 may be operably connected to the processor 202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory 204 may store firmware and / or software code 205 that implements codes, commands, and / or command sets that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example, the firmware and / or software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more protocols. For example, the firmware and / or software code 205 may control the processor 202 to execute one or more layers of a radio interface protocol.

[0074] In this document, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0075] In the following, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202, but are not limited thereto. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs), one or more service data units (SDUs), messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, suggestion, method, and / or operational flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure, and provide the generated signal to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, function, procedure, suggestion, method, and / or operational flowchart disclosed in the present disclosure.

[0076] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs) or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may be configured by a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) and a memory control processor.

[0077] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0078] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, suggestion, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in the present disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information or radio signals from one or more other devices.

[0079] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208. Additionally and / or alternatively, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include one or more antennas 108 and 208. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be adapted to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, one or more antennas 108 and 208 may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0080] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so as to process the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may up-convert OFDM baseband signals into OFDM signals through their (analog) oscillators and / or filters under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202, and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal via its (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors 102 and 202 .

[0081] although Figure 2 1 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include additional components. The additional components 140 may be configured differently depending on the type of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a drive device, and a computing device. The additional components 140 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0082] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as a transmitting device in an uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in a downlink (DL). In an implementation of the present disclosure, a BS may operate as a receiving device in an UL and as a transmitting device in a DL. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed that the first wireless device 100 acts as a UE and the second wireless device 200 acts as a BS. For example, a processor 102 connected to, installed on, or started in the first wireless device 100 may be adapted to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control a transceiver 106 to perform UE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure. A processor 202 connected to, installed on, or started in the second wireless device 200 may be adapted to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure or control a transceiver 206 to perform BS behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.

[0083] In this disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a Node B (NB), an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0084] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0085] Figure 3 An example of a UE to which an implementation of the present disclosure is applied is shown.

[0086] Reference Figure 3 , UE 100 may correspond to Figure 2 A first wireless device 100 is provided.

[0087] UE 100 includes a processor 102 , a memory 104 , a transceiver 106 , one or more antennas 108 , a power management module 141 , a battery 142 , a display 143 , a keypad 144 , a subscriber identity module (SIM) card 145 , a speaker 146 , and a microphone 147 .

[0088] The processor 102 may be adapted to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may be adapted to control one or more other components of the UE 100 to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. The layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 102. The processor 102 may include an ASIC, other chipsets, logic circuits and / or data processing devices. The processor 102 may be an application processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, a modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of the processor 102 can be found at MANUFACTURED BY SNAPDRAGON TM Series processors, Manufactured by EXYNOS TM Series processors, A series of processors manufactured by Made by HELIO TM Series processors, ATOM manufactured TM series processors or corresponding to the next generation processors.

[0089] The memory 104 is operatively coupled to the processor 102 and stores various information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104 may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium, and / or other storage devices. When the embodiment is implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that execute the descriptions, functions, processes, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed in the present disclosure. The modules may be stored in the memory 104 and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 may be implemented within the processor 102 or external to the processor 102, in which case these may be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via various means known in the art.

[0090] The transceiver 106 is operatively connected to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives radio signals. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include a baseband circuit to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106 controls one or more antennas 108 to transmit and / or receive radio signals.

[0091] The power management module 141 manages the power of the processor 102 and / or the transceiver 106. The battery 142 supplies power to the power management module 141.

[0092] The display 143 outputs a result processed by the processor 102. The keypad 144 receives an input to be used by the processor 102. The keypad 144 may be displayed on the display 143.

[0093] The SIM card 145 is an integrated circuit designed to securely store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and its associated keys used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

[0094] The speaker 146 outputs sound related results processed by the processor 102. The microphone 147 receives sound related input to be used by the processor 102.

[0095] <6G System Overview>

[0096] The 6G (wireless communication) system has the following objectives: (i) very high data rate per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) interconnected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system may include four aspects, such as "intelligent connectivity", "deep connectivity", "holographic connectivity", and "ubiquitous connectivity", and the 6G system may meet the requirements shown in Table 4 below. That is, Table 3 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0097] [Table 3]

[0098] Peak data rate per device 1Tbps E2E Latency 1ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps / Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km / hr Satellite Integration Complete AI Complete Self-service vehicle Complete XR Complete Tactile communication Complete

[0099] The 6G system may have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), AI-integrated communications, tactile Internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0100] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0101] The 6G system will have 50 times more simultaneous wireless communication connections than the 5G wireless communication system. As a key feature of 5G, URLLC will become a more important technology by providing an end-to-end delay of less than 1ms in 6G communication. At this time, unlike the frequently used domain spectrum efficiency, the 6G system can have better volume spectrum efficiency. The 6G system can provide advanced battery technology for energy harvesting and very long battery life, so mobile devices may not need to be charged separately in the 6G system. In addition, in 6G, new network features may be as follows.

[0102] -Satellite integrated network: In order to provide global mobile groups, 6G will be integrated with satellites. For 6G, it may be very important to integrate ground waves, satellites, and public networks into one wireless communication system.

[0103] -Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and wireless evolution can be updated from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied in each step of the communication process (or each signal processing process described below).

[0104] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks can transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0105] -Ubiquitous beyond 3D connectivity: Networks and core network functions accessing drones and very low earth orbit satellites will establish ubiquitous beyond 3D connectivity in 6G.

[0106] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements can be summarized as follows.

[0107] - Small cell network: The concept of small cell network is introduced to improve the received signal quality as a result of the improvement of throughput, energy efficiency and spectrum efficiency in cellular systems. As a result, small cell network is an essential feature of 5G and beyond 5G (5GB) communication systems. Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell network.

[0108] -Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous network will be another important feature of 6G communication system. Multi-layer network composed of heterogeneous networks improves overall QoS and reduces costs.

[0109] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connectivity is characterized by a high-capacity backhaul network in order to support high-capacity traffic. High-speed optical fiber and free-space optical (FSO) systems may be possible solutions to this problem.

[0110] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0111] -Softwareization and virtualization: Softwareization and virtualization are two important functions that are the basis of the design process in 5GB networks in order to ensure flexibility, reconfiguration and programmability.

[0112] <Core Implementation Technology of 6G System>

[0113] AI

[0114] The most important new technology to be introduced in 6G systems is AI. AI is not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will support AI for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create smarter networks in 6G for real-time communications. When AI is introduced to communications, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use countless analyses to determine how to perform complex target tasks. That is, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

[0115] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection or resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. Even in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communication AI can play an important role. In addition, AI can be a fast communication in brain-computer interface (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, smart identification radios, self-maintaining wireless networks and machine learning.

[0116] Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems in the application layer or network layer, but deep learning has focused on the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, these studies have gradually developed to the MAC layer and the physical layer, and in particular, attempts to combine deep learning in the physical layer with wireless transmission are emerging. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms rather than traditional communication frameworks in basic signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, it may include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mechanisms, AI-based resource scheduling and allocation, etc.

[0117] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of DL. In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, symbol detection, etc. in MIMO systems.

[0118] Machine learning refers to a series of operations to train a machine in order to create a machine that can perform tasks that are impossible or difficult for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be roughly divided into three methods, namely, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0119] Neural network learning is to minimize the output error. Neural network learning refers to the process of repeatedly inputting training data into the neural network, calculating the error between the output of the neural network and the target based on the training data, propagating the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer to reduce the error, and updating the weights of each node of the neural network.

[0120] Supervised learning can use training data marked with the correct answer, while unsupervised learning can use training data without marking the correct answer. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data can be marked with categories. The marked training data can be input to the neural network, and the output (category) of the neural network can be compared with the label of the training data to calculate the error. The calculated error is back-propagated from the neural network backward (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node of each layer of the neural network can be updated according to the back-propagation. The change in the updated connection weights of each node can be determined according to the learning rate. The calculation of the back-propagation of the input data and the error by the neural network can configure the learning cycle (epoch). The learning data can be applied differently according to the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early learning stage of the neural network, a high learning rate can be used to increase efficiency so that the neural network quickly ensures a certain level of performance, and in the later learning stage, a low learning rate can be used to increase accuracy.

[0121] The learning method may vary according to the characteristics of the data. For example, in order to accurately predict data sent from a transmitter in a receiver in a communication system, learning may be performed using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0122] The learning model corresponds to the human brain and can be regarded as the most basic linear model. However, the machine learning paradigm that uses a neural network structure with high complexity (e.g., an artificial neural network) as a learning model is called deep learning.

[0123] The neural network core used as the learning method can roughly include a deep neural network (DNN) method, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) method, a recursive Boltzmann machine (RNN) method, and a spiking neural network (SNN). This learning model is applicable.

[0124] THz (Terahertz) Communication

[0125] The data rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be performed by using sub-TH communication with broadband and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, called submillimeter radiation, generally indicate a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz, corresponding to a wavelength in the range of 0.03mm to 3mm. The frequency band range of 100GHz to 300GHz (sub-THz band) is considered to be the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. When the sub-THz band is added to the mmWave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. 300GHz to 3THz of the defined THz band is in the far infrared (IR) band. The band of 300GHz to 3THz is part of the optical band, but is at the boundary of the optical band and just behind the RF band. Therefore, the band of 300GHz to 3THz has similarities with RF.

[0126] Figure 5 An example of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.

[0127] The main characteristics of THz communications include (i) wide bandwidth available to support very high data rates and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a greater number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this frequency band. Therefore, advanced adaptive deployment techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0128] Massive MIMO

[0129] One of the core technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is MIMO technology. When MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology uses multiple paths, multiplexing technology suitable for THz bands and beam forming and management technology should be fully considered so that data signals are sent through one or more paths.

[0130] Holographic Beamforming

[0131] Beamforming is a signal processing process that adjusts an antenna array to send a radio signal in a specific direction. This is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology has multiple advantages such as high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and suppression, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that is significantly different from MIMO systems because this uses software-defined antennas. In 6G, HBF will be a very effective method for efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices.

[0132] Optical Wireless Technology

[0133] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared light (IR) or ultraviolet light (UV) to send signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390nm to 750nm) is often referred to as visible light communication (VLC). VLC implementations can utilize light emitting diodes (LEDs). VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicle-mounted networks.

[0134] Compared with RF-based technologies, VLC has the following advantages. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is free / licensed and can provide a wide range of bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC rarely causes significant interference to other electromagnetic devices; therefore, VLC can be applied to electromagnetic interference-sensitive applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC has advantages in communication security and privacy. The transmission medium (i.e., visible light) of VLC-based networks cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, which can protect the privacy and sensitive information of users. Fourth, VLC can use any light source as a base station, thereby eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0135] Free space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space (e.g., air, outer space, and vacuum) to wirelessly send data for telecommunications or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near-infrared frequencies (750nm-1600nm). Laser transmitters can be used in FSO implementations, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10Gbit / s), providing a potential solution to the backhaul bottleneck.

[0136] In addition to RF-based communications for any possible device access network, these OWC technologies are also planned for 6G communications. These networks will access the network to the backhaul / fronthaul network connection. OWC technology has been in use since the 4G communication system, but will be more widely used to meet the needs of the 6G communication system. OWC technologies such as optical fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and FSO communication based on optical bands are already well-known technologies. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide extremely high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0137] In 6G communications based on optical bands, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that uses near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to shine light on an object, and the reflected light is detected by a light sensor to measure the distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving of cars.

[0138] FSO Backhaul Network

[0139] The characteristics of the transmitter and receiver of the FSO system are similar to those of the optical fiber network. Therefore, the data transmission of the FSO system is similar to that of the optical fiber system. Therefore, FSO may also be a good technology for providing backhaul connection in addition to the optical fiber network in the 6G system. When using FSO, very long-distance communication can be performed even at a distance of 10,000 km or more. FSO supports large-scale backhaul connections for remote and non-remote areas such as oceans, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station connections.

[0140] Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)

[0141] 6G systems integrate ground and air networks to support vertically extended user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom makes 3D connectivity very different from traditional 2D networks. NR sees non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a way to do this. NTNs are networks or network segments that use RF resources on satellites (or UAS platforms). For NTNs that provide access to user devices, there are two common scenarios: transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the essential elements of NTNs.

[0142] - One or more satellite gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0143] - GEO satellites are fed by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite's target range (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one satellite gateway.

[0144] - Non-GEO satellites are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system should ensure service and feeder link continuity between the continuously serving satellite gateways for a duration sufficient to allow for mobility anchoring and handover.

[0145] -Feeder link or radio link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0146] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0147] - Satellites (or UAS platforms) capable of transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. The satellite (or UAS platform) generates beams. A satellite (or UAS platform) typically generates multiple beams for a given service area based on its field of view. The coverage of the beams is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum angle of attack.

[0148] - Transparent Payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification. Therefore, the payload repetitive waveform signal remains unchanged.

[0149] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is effectively the same as carrying all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0150] -Optionally, for satellite deployment, an Inter-Satellite Link (ISL). This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. The ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the optical band.

[0151] - User equipment is served by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target coverage area.

[0152] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services.

[0153] Typically, constellations in LEO and MEO are used to provide services in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can also provide global coverage, including polar regions. The latter requires appropriate orbital inclination, generation of sufficient beams, and links between satellites.

[0154] Quantum communication

[0155] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that can overcome the limitations of existing communication technologies such as security and ultra-high-speed computing by applying the properties of quantum mechanics to the fields of information and communication. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the form of 0 and 1 based on binary bit information used in traditional communication technology. In traditional communication technology, wavelength or amplitude is used to transmit information between a transmitter and a receiver, but in quantum communication, photons (the smallest unit of light) are used to transmit information between a transmitter and a receiver. In particular, in the case of quantum communication, quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be used for the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), so quantum communication has the characteristic of being able to communicate completely securely. Quantum communication can also achieve ultra-high-speed communication using quantum entanglement under certain conditions.

[0156] No cellular communication

[0157] Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is essential for 6G systems. As a result, users will be able to move seamlessly from one network to another without having to create any manual configuration on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from the available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, moving users from one cell to another in a dense network results in too many handovers, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and ping-pong effects. 6G cellular-free communications will overcome all of these and provide better QoS.

[0158] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) use the same time / frequency resources to collaboratively serve a small number of terminals with the help of a fronthaul network and CPU". A single terminal is served by a group of multiple APs (called an AP cluster). There are many ways to form AP clusters, among which the method of organizing AP clusters with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the reception performance of terminals is called the terminal-centric clustering method, and the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. This device-centric AP clustering technology ensures that the device is always at the center of the AP cluster and is therefore not affected by inter-cluster interference that would occur if the device was at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-layer hybrid technologies as well as different heterogeneous radios in the device.

[0159] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0160] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of batteries used to charge wireless systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communications.

[0161] Integration of wireless communications and sensing

[0162] Autonomous wireless networks are the ability to continuously detect dynamically changing environmental states and exchange information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0163] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0164] In 6G, the density of access networks will be huge. Each access network is connected by optical fiber and backhaul connections (such as FSO networks). In order to cope with the very large number of access networks, the access network and the backhaul network will be tightly integrated.

[0165] Big Data Analysis

[0166] Big data analytics is a complex process used to analyze various large data sets or big data. This process looks for information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer dispositions to ensure complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources such as videos, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0167] Reconfigurable smart metasurface

[0168] A great deal of research has been conducted that considers the radio environment as a variable to be optimized along with the transmitter and receiver. The radio environment created by this approach is called a smart radio environment (SRE) or intelligent radio environment (IRE) to emphasize its fundamental difference from past design and optimization standards. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable smart antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) technology to achieve SRE, including reconfigurable metasurfaces, smart large smart surfaces (SLIS), large smart surfaces (LIS), reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS).

[0169] In the case of THz band signals, due to the strong linearity of the signal, there are many shadow areas caused by obstacles, and in order to expand the communication area by installing RIS near these shadow areas, RIS technology is important to enhance communication stability and provide additional value-added services. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that changes the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. Although RIS can be regarded as an extension of massive MIMO, it has an array structure and operating mechanism different from massive MIMO. RIS has the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, that is, it only passively reflects signals without using active RF chains. In addition, each passive reflector in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, which is beneficial to the wireless communication channel. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift via the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to increase the received signal power.

[0170] In addition to reflecting radio signals, there are RIS that can adjust transmission and refraction properties, and these RIS are often used in outdoor to indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS) that provides transmission simultaneously with reflection has also been actively studied.

[0171] metaverse

[0172] The metaverse is a combination of the word "meta", meaning virtual and transcendent, and "universe", meaning space. Generally, the term is used to describe a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities are the same as in the real world.

[0173] Extended reality (XR) is a key technology to realize the metaverse. It is the fusion of virtual and real, which can extend the real experience and provide a unique immersive experience. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks will enable users to experience more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) experiences.

[0174] Autonomous driving (self-driving)

[0175] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles need to communicate with each other to alert each other to dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to check information such as parking location information and signal change time. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a key element when building autonomous driving infrastructure. It is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share information with various elements on the road for autonomous driving (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)).

[0176] In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low latency technologies are essential. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond transmitting warning and guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in the operation of the vehicle and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. The amount of information that needs to be sent and received will be huge, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency compared to 5G.

[0177] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0178] In 6G wireless communications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones will be an important factor. In most cases, UAV technology is used to provide high-speed data wireless connections. The base station entity is installed in the UAV to provide cellular connections. UAVs have certain features that are not available in fixed base station infrastructures, such as easy deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and controllable freedom of mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, the deployment of terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure is economically unfeasible and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle this situation. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology contributes to the three basic requirements of wireless networks such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also serve many purposes, such as network connectivity improvements, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is considered to be one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0179] Blockchain

[0180] Blockchain will become an important technology for managing a large amount of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology, and a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores the same copy of the ledger. The blockchain is managed through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. This can exist without being managed by a centralized institution or server. Blockchain data is collected together and organized into blocks. The blocks are connected to each other and protected using encryption. Blockchain fully complements large-scale IoT through improved interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides multiple functions such as interoperability between devices, high-capacity data traceability, autonomous interaction of different IoT systems, and large-scale connection stability of 6G communication systems.

[0181] Figure 6 An example of the subframe type in NR is shown.

[0182] For NR (or new RAT), Figure 6 The TTI (transmission time interval) shown can be referred to as a subframe or a slot. Figure 6 The subframe (or slot) can be used in the TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission latency. As Figure 6 shown, similar to the current subframe, the subframe (or slot) includes 14 symbols. The first symbols of the subframe (or slot) can be used for the DL control channel, and the last symbols of the subframe (or slot) can be used for the UL control channel. The remaining symbols can be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission can be sequentially performed in one subframe (or slot). Therefore, downlink data can be received within the subframe (or slot), and uplink acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) can be sent within the subframe (or slot). This structure of the subframe (or slot) can be referred to as a self-contained subframe (or slot). When using this structure of the subframe (or slot), the time spent retransmitting data with reception errors is reduced, so that the final data transmission latency can be minimized. In this self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap may be required from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode during the transition process. For this purpose, some OFDM symbols when switching from DL to UL in the subframe structure can be set as a guard period (GP).

[0183] <NR to SS block>

[0184] The SS block (SS / PBCH block: SSB) includes the information required for a terminal to perform initial access in 5G NR, that is, the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) including the master information block (MIB) and the synchronization signal (Synchronization Signal: SS) (PSS and SSS).

[0185] In addition, multiple SSBs may be bundled to define an SS burst, and multiple SS bursts may be bundled to define an SS burst set. Assuming that each SSB is beamformed in a specific direction, multiple SSBs in an SS burst set are designed to support terminals existing in different directions, respectively.

[0186] Figure 7 is an example diagram showing an example of SS blocks in NR.

[0187] Reference Figure 7 , SS bursts are sent every predetermined period. Therefore, the terminal receives the SS block and performs cell detection and measurement.

[0188] In addition, in 5G NR, beam sweeping is performed for SS. This will refer to Figure 8 to describe.

[0189] Figure 8 is an example diagram showing an example of beam sweeping in NR.

[0190] The base station transmits each SS block in the SS burst while performing beam sweeping according to time. In this case, a plurality of SS blocks in the SS burst set are transmitted to respectively support terminals existing in different directions.

[0191] <Non-terrestrial network>

[0192] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) is a network or network segment that uses RF resources on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0193] There are two common scenarios for NTNs providing access to user equipment: transparent payload and regenerated payload.

[0194] NTN is usually characterized by the following elements:

[0195] -One or more satellite gateways to connect non-terrestrial networks to the public data network

[0196] - GEO satellites are served by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite's target coverage area (eg, regional or even continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one satellite gateway.

[0197] - Non-GEO satellites that are continuously served by one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between the continuously serving satellite gateways with sufficient duration for mobility anchoring and handover.

[0198] -Feeder link or radio link between satellite gateway and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0199] - A service link or radio link between the user equipment and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0200] - A satellite (or UAS platform) that can implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. The satellite (or UAS platform) typically generates multiple beams over a given service area defined by its field of view. The coverage of the beams is typically elliptical. The field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) depends on the onboard antenna pattern and the minimum elevation angle.

[0201] - Transparent payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal is repeated unchanged by the payload;

[0202] - Regenerative payload: RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. This is effectively equivalent to having all or part of the base station functionality (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0203] -Optionally Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) in case of satellite constellation. This will require a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate in RF band or optical band.

[0204] - The user equipment is served by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0205] Table 4 shows the types of NTN.

[0206] [Table 4]

[0207]

[0208] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services. Typically, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the northern and southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can even provide global coverage, including polar regions. For the latter, this requires appropriate orbital inclination, generation of sufficient beams, and inter-satellite links.

[0209] Fig. 9 is an exemplary diagram showing an example of NTN.

[0210] like Fig. 9As shown, NR-based NTN (non-terrestrial network) communication is introduced as a method of efficiently providing communication services to areas where terrestrial network services are not provided by satellites (geostationary satellites GEO, low-orbit satellites LEO, etc.). In the case of a transparent satellite, the satellite amplifies the signal sent from the ground base station (gNB-NTN gateway) and sends the signal to the terminal. In the case of a regenerative satellite, in addition to signal amplification, the regenerative satellite also performs the functions of the ground base station, such as routing, coding, modulation, and decoding demodulation. The NTN terminal has a GPS function and periodically receives information about the position, time, and speed of the NTN satellite.

[0211] 5G NR NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) is introduced to provide communication services using satellites / aircraft in the coverage holes of existing terrestrial networks (TN: Ground Network). Depending on their types, satellites and aircraft have different times and methods to serve an area. For example, in the case of GEO (Geostationary Orbit) satellites, the rotation of the earth and the revolution of the satellite are aligned, so they can serve an area continuously. On the other hand, in the case of LEO (Low Earth Orbit) or aircraft (HAPS), since the rotation of the earth and the revolution of the satellite are not aligned, they have the disadvantage of not being able to serve an area continuously, unlike GEO. Non-geostationary satellites are called NGSO (Non-Geostationary Orbit).

[0212] From the perspective of receiving services on the Earth's surface, such as Fig.10 As shown, the cells of NGSO satellites can be classified into two types.

[0213] Fig.10 is an example diagram showing two types of NTN satellites.

[0214] Fig.10 The left figure shows a quasi-Earth fixed cell. The satellite adjusts the angle of the beam to serve a specific area as long as possible.

[0215] Fig.10 The right figure of FIG shows an earth mobile cell. The service coverage of the earth mobile cell can be constantly moved according to the movement of the satellite. Therefore, a communication method taking these characteristics into account is required.

[0216] <Disclosure of this specification>

[0217] This specification proposes an operation of a terminal receiving a service from an earth mobile cell and an apparatus and process for smoothing the terminal operation. This specification assumes and describes LEO. However, it can be similarly applied to HAPS as well as LEO. In addition, the method of this specification can be applied not only to earth mobile cells, but also to satellites such as earth fixed cells or GEO. In addition, the method of this specification can be used for operations related to service continuity of ground networks required for satellite operations.

[0218] In order to smoothly perform operations related to measurement and mobility (cell selection / reselection and handover, etc.) of a terminal, the network may inform a terminal receiving a service from a geo-fixed cell of information such as cell service time, reference location, and ephemeris.

[0219] The cell service time may be information about how long a cell can serve a particular area. The reference position may be information about the center of a satellite service area. The ephemeris information may be orbital information of a satellite.

[0220] In the case of earth fixed cells, the cell service time and reference location information may be meaningful.

[0221] In a geo-mobile cell, the cell service time may not be meaningful because the area of ​​the cell is constantly changing. In a geo-mobile cell, the availability of a reference position may be low because the center of the cell is constantly changing. Therefore, for the operation of a terminal receiving service in a geo-mobile cell, the following apparatus and process may be proposed.

[0222] Each of the methods described below may be provided to the terminal individually, or may be provided in a mixed manner.

[0223] 1. Reference location

[0224] It may be difficult for a terminal receiving a service in an earth-moving cell to utilize information about a reference position. A method for a terminal receiving a service in an earth-moving cell to utilize a reference position will be described below.

[0225] The reference location described below may be sent to the terminal together with the coverage information so that the terminal can infer the remaining cell service time.

[0226] As mentioned above, the reference location is the center of the cell, and since Fig.10 As shown, the coverage information is usually determined as a circle of a satellite beam, so the coverage information can be information such as a radius. For service continuity with the ground network, the reference position (center information) and radius of the satellite coverage and the reference position (center information) and radius of the ground network can be used.

[0227] The reference position in this section may be the reference position of the satellite coverage (the centre of the cell).

[0228] (1) Reference position information based on time

[0229] The network may send reference location information to the terminal based on time.

[0230] The reference position is not provided as a simple position value, but may be provided as a position value corresponding to a specific time (eg, based on GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)). (eg, Figure 5 )

[0231] Alternatively, the reference position may be provided as a corresponding position value after a certain time. (e.g., Figure 6 )

[0232] For example, the network may send both location information and time information to the terminal.

[0233] Figure 5 and Figure 6 An example of reference position information according to time is shown.

[0234] [Table 5]

[0235]

[0236] [Table 6]

[0237]

[0238] The values ​​or units of the above examples are merely examples. The above examples show times in seconds for convenience, but they may be expressed in units smaller or larger than this.

[0239] (2) Indicates the current reference position and the reference position after a specific time

[0240] The network can inform the terminal of the current reference position of the corresponding cell and the reference position after a specific time. Based on the current reference position of the corresponding cell and the reference position after a specific time received by the terminal, the terminal can estimate the reference position of the corresponding cell at a specific time point.

[0241] For example, the current (or past) reference position of the corresponding cell may be the position of T=0. In addition, the position after a certain time (for example, after 1 second) may be the position of T=1(s). The network may send the position of T=0 and the position of T=1(s) to the terminal. The terminal may assume that the reference position of the satellite moves along a straight line (or a curve with constant curvature) at a constant speed from T=0 to T=1. The terminal may estimate the reference position of the corresponding cell at a specific point in time based on the position of T=0, the position of T=1(s) and the above assumptions. For example, the terminal may estimate the reference position of T=0.1(s) or the reference position of T=0.4(s). In addition, the terminal may estimate the reference position of T=1.4(s) after 1 second.

[0242] The units in the above examples are merely examples, and smaller or larger units may be applied.

[0243] The information sent by the network may be similar to the content of Table 6 of (1) above, but the terminal may additionally perform an operation of estimating a reference position at a specific time point.

[0244] (3) Beam angle

[0245] In NTN Rel-17, it is agreed that the network will provide the terminal with the satellite's orbit information. In NTN Rel-18, the terminal can also receive the satellite's orbit information.

[0246] If the network provides the terminal with the beam angle that the satellite is using (ie, the beam angle projected onto the ground), and the beam angle of the satellite does not change, the terminal can estimate the reference position, ie, the center of the cell created from the satellite.

[0247] For example, the terminal may estimate the reference position of the cell at a specific time point based on the following information:

[0248] -The beam angle the satellite is using (i.e. the angle of the beam projected onto the ground).

[0249] -The beam angle of the satellite does not change.

[0250] The terminal may estimate the movement trajectory of the reference position of the cell based on the above information.

[0251] The network may send information about the beam angle that the satellite is using (ie, the angle of the beam projected onto the ground).

[0252] The network may send information that the beam angle of the satellite does not change to the terminal. Alternatively, the information that the beam angle of the satellite does not change may be preset in the terminal.

[0253] (4) Traditional reference position

[0254] Satellites may provide (periodically or aperiodically) a reference position to the terminal (via the SIB).

[0255] The network may send the satellite's orbit information and the current reference position information of the corresponding cell to the terminal. The terminal may calculate the beam angle of the corresponding satellite based on the current orbit information of the satellite and the reference position information of the corresponding cell. If the beam angle of the satellite is fixed, the terminal may predict the reference position of the corresponding cell at a specific future point based on the calculated beam angle (fixed) and the satellite's orbit information (future). For example, the terminal may predict the trajectory of the reference position of the corresponding cell.

[0256] (5) Implementation

[0257] Describe the implementation method of the above (1)-(4).

[0258] The terminal may generally start cell measurement when the distance from the reference position of the serving cell is greater than or equal to a threshold value. For example, the cell measurement may be started based on a comparison result between the distance from the reference position and the threshold value.

[0259] In the present specification, in addition to the comparison result of the distance from the reference position and the threshold, the trajectory of the reference position may be additionally considered to determine whether to start the cell measurement.

[0260] The terminal can predict the reference position (the trajectory of the reference position) that changes over time based on specific information. The terminal can calculate the distance between the terminal and the reference position. In addition, the terminal can predict whether the reference position of the cell will be closer or farther away from itself in the future.

[0261] The terminal may perform operations such as measurement state change and conditional handover / cell reselection based on the calculated distance.

[0262] For example, the following operations can be performed.

[0263] Example 1) If the location of the terminal and the reference location are getting closer or close enough, the terminal may not perform measurement. For example, if the distance between the terminal and the reference location decreases or is lower than a threshold, the terminal may not perform measurement.

[0264] Example 2) If the terminal's position and the reference position are close enough but are expected to become farther, the terminal may start measuring. For example, if the distance between the terminal and the reference position is less than or equal to a threshold but the distance between the terminal and the reference position is expected to increase, the terminal may start measuring.

[0265] Example 3) If it is expected that the location of the terminal and the reference location will become increasingly distant, the terminal may perform a procedure for handover or cell reselection. The procedure for handover or cell reselection may include cell measurement.

[0266] Example 4) During a cell reselection / switching process of a terminal, the terminal may determine the cell priority of a specific cell according to whether a distance between the terminal and a reference location of the specific cell increases / decreases.

[0267] Example 5) Timer related

[0268] The satellite can provide the terminal with the reference position of the cell at the current time. The terminal can calculate the distance from the reference position of the cell at a specific time using the orbit information (current time) of the satellite provided from the network and the reference position of the cell.

[0269] If the distance from the reference position of the serving cell is less than a certain threshold, the terminal may not perform measurement, whereas if it is greater than a certain threshold, the measurement may be started. Alternatively, if the distance from the reference position of the target cell is greater than a certain threshold, the terminal may not perform measurement on the target cell, whereas if it is less than a certain threshold, the measurement on the cell may be performed.

[0270] In addition, the network may send information about the reference position and radius of the terrestrial network to the terminal. The terminal may start cell measurement at a specific time based on the reference position of the terrestrial network, the radius of the terrestrial network, the reference position of the satellite cell, the radius of the satellite cell, etc.

[0271] The terminal can perform the following operations before starting a measurement:

[0272] - If the distance between the terminal and the reference position of the cell is greater than a threshold, the terminal may start a timer. For example, the timer may be started at the moment when the distance exceeds the threshold.

[0273] -While the timer is running, the terminal can check the change in the distance between the terminal and the reference position.

[0274] - If the distance to the reference position increases while the timer is running, the terminal may stop the timer and start measuring.

[0275] - If the distance to the reference location does not increase while the timer is running, the terminal may stop the timer and not start measurement.

[0276] - If the distance from the reference location becomes less than or equal to the threshold while the timer is running, the terminal may start a new timer and check a change in the distance from the reference location while the new timer is running.

[0277] After starting a measurement, the terminal can perform the following operations:

[0278] - If the distance to the reference location of the cell is less than a threshold, the terminal may start a timer.

[0279] -While the timer is running, the terminal can check the change in the distance between the terminal and the reference position.

[0280] - If the distance to the reference location decreases while the timer is running, the terminal may stop the timer and stop measuring.

[0281] - If the distance to the reference location increases while the timer is running, the terminal may stop the timer and not stop measuring.

[0282] - If the distance from the reference location becomes greater than a threshold value while the timer is running, the terminal may run a new timer and check a change in the distance from the reference location while the new timer is running.

[0283] The thresholds in the above operations may be different or the same. The threshold may be information built into the terminal or information provided by the network.

[0284] 2. Community service hours

[0285] In a geo-fixed cell, the cell service time may be the same for all beams and cells within the satellite service area.

[0286] In an earth mobile cell, the cell service time may vary according to the location of the terminal, the beam characteristics of the satellite and the configuration of the cell.

[0287] A method for managing cell service time and related information in an earth mobile cell is described below.

[0288] (1) Send cell service time based on the terminal's location

[0289] The network may send the cell service time to the terminal based on the location of the terminal.

[0290] The satellite may manage the area served by the satellite through beam units and / or cell IDs according to the configuration of the satellite.

[0291] If the area served by the satellite is managed by beam units and the satellite uses the same cell ID for the area served by one beam, the network may transmit different cell service times for each beam.

[0292] Alternatively, the satellite may estimate the location of the terminal or receive the location from the terminal. The satellite may send different cell service times to each terminal based on the location of each terminal. For example, information indicating that a large amount of cell service time remains may be sent to a terminal in the direction of movement of the satellite (e.g., the direction in which the cell moves through the satellite), and information indicating that a shorter cell service time remains may be sent to a terminal in the direction opposite to the satellite movement (e.g., the direction in which the cell moves through the satellite).

[0293] (2) Implementation

[0294] The terminal can identify the remaining cell service time by using the relevant information sent from the satellite. The terminal can perform operations related to measurement state change and conditional handover / cell reselection (CHO / cell reselection) based on the cell service time and the distance between the terminal and the reference location. For example, the following operations can be performed:

[0295] Example 1) If the remaining cell service time of the cell serving the terminal is insufficient, the terminal may start measuring neighboring cells.

[0296] Example 2) If the remaining cell service time of the cell serving the terminal is insufficient, the terminal may initiate conditional handover / cell reselection (CHO / cell reselection) to a neighboring cell.

[0297] Example 3) In a conditional handover / cell reselection (CHO / cell reselection) process of a terminal, the cell priority of a cell may be determined based on the cell service time of the cell.

[0298] 3. Reselection margin

[0299] A method of setting a reselection margin to specify the operations in example 4) of (5) (implementation) of the above 1 (reference position) and example 3) of 2 (cell service time) may be proposed.

[0300] Typically, due to cell service time and satellite mobility, a terminal may require more operations in a geo-mobile cell than in a geo-fixed cell. Therefore, if conditions such as signal strength are similar, a terminal may receive service more stably in a geo-fixed cell.

[0301] When performing cell reselection or handover, the terminal may generally consider cell reselection or handover when a neighboring cell has a signal that is stronger (better) than the current serving cell by a threshold value (eg, x dB).

[0302] In order to make it difficult for the terminal to perform handover / cell reselection to the earth mobile cell, the threshold of the earth mobile cell may be greater than the normal threshold (eg, xdB).

[0303] In this way, the reselection margin may be added to the threshold of cell reselection and used for cell reselection.

[0304] For example, when the geomobile cell is the target cell (neighboring cell), a value y greater than x may be used as a threshold. For example, if the terminal performs measurements on the serving cell and the neighboring cell, and the signal strength of the neighboring cell is y dB or stronger than the signal strength of the serving cell, the terminal may consider handover / cell reselection to the neighboring cell.

[0305] A 3dB threshold is typically used as follows:

[0306] "The cell is at least 3dB better than the ranking in FR1"

[0307] Then, a value higher than 3dB (instead of 3dB) may be used as the handover / cell reselection threshold for earth-moving cells.

[0308] However, in the above operation, various conditions of the current cell and the neighboring cell may be compared. For example, the current cell may be a geo-fixed cell and the cell service time may not be long, and the target cell (neighboring cell) for cell reselection may be a geo-mobile cell. Then, the terminal may determine the reselection margin by considering the fact that the current cell is a geo-fixed cell, the fact that the service time of the current cell is not long, and the fact that the cell reselection target is a geo-mobile cell. The terminal may perform cell reselection using the determined reselection margin.

[0309] Although cell reselection is described, the method is also applicable to handover.

[0310] The following figures are created to illustrate specific examples of this specification. The names of specific devices or the names of specific signals / messages / fields described in the figures are presented as examples so that the technical features of this specification are not limited to those described in the following figures. Not limited to the specific names used.

[0311] Fig.11 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0312] Fig.11 The operations shown may be performed repeatedly and periodically.

[0313] Step 1) The network may send a reference position (ie, the center position of the cell), a distance threshold (distance_threshold) and satellite ephemeris information to the terminal. In addition, the network may selectively send coverage information of the cell to the terminal.

[0314] The four pieces of information (reference position, distance threshold, ephemeris, and coverage) may be sent to the terminal at different times. The four pieces of information may be sent to the terminal at different periods. The four pieces of information may be sent to the terminal via different SIBs.

[0315] The information may be used to reference position estimates or for terminal measurement operations using the information.

[0316] Step 2) The terminal may estimate the reference position over time based on the reference position and ephemeris information. For example, the terminal may use this information to estimate the reference position at a specific time.

[0317] In addition, the terminal may estimate the beam angle (etc.) of the satellite using the above information, and may estimate the reference position based on the estimated beam angle over time.

[0318] Alternatively, the network may transmit information about the beam angle to the terminal. The terminal may estimate the reference position based on the transmitted beam angle over time.

[0319] Step 3) The terminal may measure the distance to the reference location and perform a cell reselection operation based on the measured distance.

[0320] The above steps 2-3 can be Fig.12 Specified as shown.

[0321] Fig.12 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0322] Step 1) The terminal may estimate the reference position based on the reference position and ephemeris information over time. That is, the terminal may estimate the reference position at a specific time point using the above information. Based on the estimated reference position, the terminal may calculate the distance between the reference position and the terminal.

[0323] In addition, the terminal may estimate the beam angle of the satellite using the above information, and may estimate the reference position based on the estimated beam angle over time.

[0324] Alternatively, the network may transmit information about the beam angle to the terminal. The terminal may estimate the reference position based on the transmitted beam angle over time.

[0325] The terminal may use the reference position of the satellite and the ephemeris information to predict how the reference position of the cell through the satellite will move.

[0326] The terminal may calculate a distance between the terminal and the reference location based on the predicted reference location.

[0327] Step 2) If the terminal does not receive the coverage information of the serving cell, step 4 may be executed.

[0328] Step 3) If the terminal receives the coverage information of the serving cell, it can check whether the current terminal is located at the edge of the serving cell.

[0329] If it is expected that the terminal will go out of the serving cell coverage, the terminal may prepare or start searching / messaging / evaluating for cell reselection regardless of the serving cell coverage or serving cell quality / power.

[0330] If the terminal is not located at the edge of the serving cell, step 4 may be performed. If the terminal is located at the edge of the serving cell, step 5 may be performed.

[0331] Step 4) The terminal may determine whether the distance between the terminal and the reference location calculated in step 1 is greater than a distance threshold.

[0332] If the distance between the terminal and the reference position calculated in step 1 is greater than the distance threshold, step 5 may be performed. If the distance between the terminal and the reference position calculated in step 1 is less than the distance threshold, step 6 may be performed.

[0333] Step 5) The terminal may perform measurement, which may be a same-frequency or different-frequency measurement with a high / same / low priority.

[0334] The measurement may be a measurement used by the terminal to perform handover or cell reselection.

[0335] Step 6) For the same-frequency neighboring cells, the terminal may not perform measurement. For the different-frequency neighboring cells, the terminal may only measure the high priority. For example, for the different-frequency neighboring cells, the terminal may not measure the same / low priority.

[0336] In steps 4-6, examples 1-3 of (5) (implementation) of 1 (reference position) above may be applied.

[0337] In steps 4-6, the following cell quality-based operations of existing NTN operations may be used in combination.

[0338] -If Srxlev>SnonIntraSearchP and Squal>SnonIntraSearchQ, if distanceThresh is set and the UE has location information, if the distance between the UE and the serving cell reference position is less than distanceThresh, the UE may not perform intra-frequency measurement.

[0339] For example, the terminal may estimate the reference position over time and calculate the distance between the terminal and the reference position. It may be confirmed whether the calculated distance is less than distanceThresh. If the calculated distance is less than distanceThresh, and Srxlev>SnonIntraSearchP and Squal>SnonIntraSearchQ, the terminal may not perform the same frequency measurement.

[0340] Fig.13 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a process according to an embodiment of the present specification.

[0341] Fig.13 The operation of the terminal based on the neighboring cell coverage information is shown. The neighboring cell may be a high priority cell, such as a terrestrial network.

[0342] Step 1) The network may send the coverage information of the ground network to the terminal. The coverage information of the ground network may include the reference position of the cell and the radius of the cell.

[0343] Step 2) may check whether the terminal is within the coverage of the terrestrial network cell.

[0344] If the terminal is within the coverage of the terrestrial network cell, step 4 may be performed. If the terminal is not within the coverage of the terrestrial network cell, step 3 may be performed.

[0345] Step 3) The terminal may not perform measurements on the terrestrial network, but may only perform measurements on satellite neighboring cells.

[0346] If it does not belong to the coverage of a terrestrial network cell, the terminal may not perform measurements on the terrestrial network.

[0347] As the terminal moves, the location of the terminal may fall within the coverage of the terrestrial network cell. Therefore, the terminal may perform step 2 again.

[0348] If the cell serving the terminal is an earth mobile cell, you can execute Fig.12 operation.

[0349] Step 4) The terminal may perform measurements on the terrestrial network.

[0350] If it falls within the coverage of a terrestrial network cell, the terminal may perform measurements on the terrestrial network.

[0351] Step 5) Based on the measurement results, the terminal can check whether there is a terrestrial network cell that meets the cell reselection conditions.

[0352] If the terminal does not find a terrestrial network cell that meets the cell reselection conditions, step 2 may be performed again.

[0353] If the terminal finds a terrestrial network cell that meets the cell reselection conditions, step 6 may be executed.

[0354] Step 6) The terminal may perform cell reselection on a terrestrial network cell (found in step 5) that meets the cell reselection conditions.

[0355] Fig.14 The process of the UE according to the disclosure of this specification is shown.

[0356] 1. UE can receive information about satellites from the network.

[0357] The information about the satellite may include orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite.

[0358] Satellites can serve UEs.

[0359] 2. The UE can calculate the beam angle of the satellite based on the orbit information and the reference position.

[0360] 3. Based on the beam angle fixation of the satellite, the UE can determine the trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and orbit information.

[0361] 4. The UE may perform cell measurements based on the trajectory of the reference location.

[0362] The UE may determine whether the distance between the reference location and the location of the terminal will increase or decrease after the current time point based on the trajectory of the reference location.

[0363] Based on determining that the distance between the reference location and the location of the terminal will increase after the current time point, the UE may trigger the execution of cell measurement.

[0364] Based on determining that the distance between the reference location and the location of the terminal will decrease after the current point in time, the UE may skip performing cell measurement.

[0365] The information about the satellite may include coverage information of the cell of the satellite.

[0366] Cell measurements may be based on coverage information.

[0367] The coverage information may include radius information of the satellite's cell.

[0368] The UE may determine whether the UE will go out of the coverage of the satellite's cell in the future based on the coverage information and the trajectory of the reference position.

[0369] Based on determining that the UE will move out of the coverage of the satellite's cell, regardless of the quality of the satellite's cell, the UE may be triggered to perform cell measurements.

[0370] The UE may receive coverage information of the terrestrial network from the network.

[0371] The coverage information includes a reference location of the terrestrial network and a radius of a cell of the terrestrial network.

[0372] Based on the coverage information of the terrestrial network, the UE can be triggered to perform cell measurements.

[0373] The UE may perform cell reselection or handover based on the result of the cell measurement.

[0374] Hereinafter, an apparatus for performing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0375] For example, the device may include a processor, a transceiver, and memory.

[0376] For example, a processor may be configured to be operatively coupled to a memory and a processor.

[0377] The processor can execute: receiving information about a satellite from a network, wherein the information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, wherein the satellite serves a UE; calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbital information and the reference position; determining a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information based on the beam angle of the satellite being fixed; and performing cell measurement based on the trajectory of the reference position.

[0378] Hereinafter, a processor for providing communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0379] The processor is configured to: receive information about a satellite from a network, wherein the information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, wherein the satellite serves a UE; calculate a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbital information and the reference position; determine a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information based on the beam angle of the satellite being fixed; and perform cell measurement based on the trajectory of the reference position.

[0380] Hereinafter, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for providing a multicast service in wireless communication according to some embodiments of the present specification will be described.

[0381] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the technical features of the present disclosure may be directly implemented as hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. For example, in wireless communications, the method performed by the wireless device may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, the software may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or other storage media.

[0382] Some examples of storage media are coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage media. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC. As another example, the processor and the storage medium can reside as separate components.

[0383] Computer readable media may include tangible and non-volatile computer readable storage media.

[0384] For example, the non-volatile computer readable medium may include a random access memory (RAM), such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), or a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or other media that can be used to store instructions or data structures, or non-volatile computer readable media may also include combinations of the above.

[0385] Furthermore, the methods described herein may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium carrying code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0386] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores one or more instructions. The one or more stored instructions may be executed by a processor of a base station.

[0387] The stored one or more instructions enable: receiving information about a satellite from a network, wherein the information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, wherein the satellite serves a UE; calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbital information and the reference position; determining a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information, based on a fixation of the beam angle of the satellite; and performing cell measurement based on the trajectory of the reference position.

[0388] This description can have various effects.

[0389] For example, by applying orbit information (etc.) of the Earth mobile cell to the mobility of the terminal, the terminal can utilize the Earth mobile cell more efficiently.

[0390] The effects that can be obtained through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person of ordinary skill in the relevant field can understand or deduce from this specification. Therefore, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, and may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical characteristics of this specification.

[0391] The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this specification and the technical features of the device claims may be combined and implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for performing communication performed by a user equipment UE, the method comprising the following steps: Receive information about satellites from the network, The information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, Wherein, the satellite serves the UE; calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbit information and the reference position; Based on the beam angle fix of the satellite, determining a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information; and Cell measurements are performed based on the trajectory of the reference positions.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: Based on the trajectory of the reference location, it is determined whether a distance between the reference location and the location of the UE will increase or decrease after a current point in time.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of: The cell measurement is triggered based on determining that the distance between the reference location and the location of the UE will increase after the current time point.

4. The method according to claim 2, in, Based on determining that the distance between the reference location and the location of the UE will decrease after the current point in time, the UE skips performing the cell measurement.

5. The method according to claim 1, in, The information about the satellite includes coverage information of the cell of the satellite, The cell measurement is based on the coverage information.

6. The method according to claim 5, in, The coverage information includes radius information of the cell of the satellite.

7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of: determining whether the UE will go out of the coverage of the cell of the satellite in the future based on the coverage information and the trajectory of the reference position; Based on determining that the UE will go out of the coverage of the cell of the satellite, regardless of the quality of the cell of the satellite, performing the cell measurement is triggered.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: receiving coverage information for a terrestrial network from the network, The coverage information includes a reference position of the ground network and a radius of a cell of the ground network; The cell measurement is triggered based on the coverage information for the terrestrial network.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: Based on the result of the cell measurement, cell reselection or handover is performed.

10. A user equipment UE for performing communication, the UE comprising: Transceiver; as well as processor, The processor performs an operation, wherein the operation includes: receiving information about the satellite from the network; The information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, The satellite serves the UE. calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbit information and the reference position; Based on the beam angle fix of the satellite, determining a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information; and Cell measurements are performed based on the trajectory of the reference positions.

11. The UE according to claim 10, wherein: The operations also include: The execution of the cell measurement is triggered based on that the altitude of the UE is equal to or greater than an altitude threshold.

12. The UE according to claim 11, wherein: The operations also include: The cell measurement is triggered based on determining that the distance between the reference location and the location of the UE will increase after a current time point.

13. The UE according to claim 11, in, Based on determining that the distance between the reference location and the location of the UE will decrease after a current point in time, the UE skips performing the cell measurement.

14. The UE according to claim 10, in, The information about the satellite includes coverage information of the cell of the satellite, The cell measurement is based on the coverage information.

15. The UE according to claim 14, in, The coverage information includes radius information of the cell of the satellite.

16. The UE according to claim 14, wherein: The operations also include: determining whether the UE will go out of the coverage of the cell of the satellite in the future based on the coverage information and the trajectory of the reference position; Based on determining that the UE will go out of the coverage of the cell of the satellite, regardless of the quality of the cell of the satellite, performing the cell measurement is triggered.

17. The UE according to claim 10, wherein: The operations also include: receiving coverage information for a terrestrial network from the network, The coverage information includes a reference position of the ground network and a radius of a cell of the ground network; The cell measurement is triggered based on the coverage information for the terrestrial network.

18. The UE according to claim 10, wherein: The operations also include: Based on the result of the cell measurement, cell reselection or handover is performed.

19. A device in mobile communication, the device comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one memory storing instructions and being operatively connected to the at least one processor, Wherein, the at least one processor operates based on the instruction, the instruction performs an operation, and the operation includes: receiving information about the satellite from the network; The information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, wherein the satellite serves the device, calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbit information and the reference position; Based on the beam angle fix of the satellite, determining a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information; and Cell measurements are performed based on the trajectory of the reference positions.

20. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium having recorded thereon instructions, in, Upon execution by one or more processors, the instructions cause the one or more processors to perform operations including: receiving information about the satellite from the network; The information about the satellite includes orbital information about the satellite and a reference position of a cell of the satellite, The satellite serves a user equipment UE including the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, calculating a beam angle of the satellite based on the orbit information and the reference position; Based on the beam angle fix of the satellite, determining a trajectory of the reference position of the satellite based on the calculated beam angle and the orbital information; and Cell measurements are performed based on the trajectory of the reference positions.

Images