Ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beach of coastal scenic area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and discloses an ecological restoration method suitable for a sandy beach in a coastal scenic area, which comprises the following steps: performing ecological restoration on a damaged bank section in a target restoration area by adopting polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, and planting proper vegetation on the slope surface of the slope protection; the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection method comprises the steps of obtaining beach evolution data of a target restoration area, obtaining beach terrain and hydrological data, calculating the gradient and elevation of a polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, constructing a slope protection main body and performing vegetation planting construction. Through the technical means of polyurethane bonding aggregate slope protection, vegetation planting and the like, the sandy beach restoration area is divided into the vegetation area and the wave dissipation area, on the premise that the landscape of the coastal scenic area is not affected, the vegetation coverage rate of the rear sand dam and the land area is increased, and the land area vegetation coverage rate is increased. In extreme weather such as typhoons and waves, sand dams and land areas behind the sandy beach restoration area can be effectively protected, and the aim of improving the stability of an ecological system of the restoration area is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas. Background Art

[0002] The sandy coastline has soft sand, bright sunshine, clear water and beautiful environment, which provides unique conditions for the tourism industry, making it not only a resort for human leisure and vacation, but also a home for countless marine life. Sandy beaches undertake important ecological service functions such as purifying water quality, buffering land and sea, and regulating climate, and play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the global ecological balance. Sandy beaches are also suitable for tourism development, attracting a large number of tourists to come for leisure and vacation, and driving local economic development. Therefore, sandy beaches have important ecological, economic and social values.

[0003] Under the background of climate change and human activities, if the sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas are damaged, the construction of traditional hard protection measures such as sand dikes and groins will destroy the landscape and ecology of the scenic areas; and as the country's environmental protection requirements continue to increase, the use of block stones and cement is gradually restricted. Therefore, it is urgent to explore ecological restoration methods that are both landscape and ecologically friendly. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas. In the target restoration area, polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection is used to carry out ecological restoration of the damaged shore section, and suitable vegetation is planted on the slope protection surface to achieve ecological restoration of the sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The invention discloses an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy shores in coastal scenic areas. In a target restoration area, polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection is used to carry out ecological restoration of damaged shore sections, and suitable vegetation is planted on the slope protection surface.

[0006] Furthermore, in the process of ecological restoration of the damaged bank section, the method of polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the beach evolution data of the target restoration area to understand the characteristics of beach erosion and siltation and its causes; S2. Obtain beach topography and hydrological data; waves and tides are the key dynamic factors affecting beach topography, and hydrological data include wave and tide data; S3. Calculate the slope and elevation of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection according to the topography and hydrological data of the damaged shore section, and divide the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection into a vegetation area and a wave-breaking area in combination with the topography of the restoration area. Plant vegetation suitable for the local landscape in the vegetation restoration area, so that the vegetation restoration area is connected with the current distribution area of ​​the shore vegetation; S4. Construction of the elevation of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection; the elevation of the slope protection shall not be lower than the sum of the wave climb, the design high water level and the safety height increase. The overall erosion of the beach surface by 1m shall also be considered when calculating the elevation; S5. Construction of the toe of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection; the toe of the slope protection shall not be lower than the average low tide level, and a riprap cushion layer shall be provided below the toe; S6. Construction of vegetation on polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection: Planting soil is backfilled in the vegetation area of ​​the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, and after laying a vegetation blanket on top of the planting soil, sea sand is backfilled outside the vegetation area to restore the original appearance of the beach.

[0007] Furthermore, in S3, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection is used without affecting the landscape of the coastal scenic area. Typhoon and high wave extreme weather is the main period of damage and scouring of the slope protection and the sand dam behind it. At this time, the waves directly act on the front of the slope protection. The polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection has good integrity, adaptability to deformation, permeability and strong scouring resistance. It can reduce wave energy and reduce shore scouring to protect the sand dam and land behind the sandy beach. At the same time, the slope protection must also have good ecological and environmental protection. Its porous structure serves as a habitat for aquatic plants and animals to enhance the stability of the ecosystem in the restoration area.

[0008] Furthermore, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes type A slope protection; wherein, the lower part of the type A slope protection has an elevation of 0 to 1 m and is composed of the existing beach rock of the beach, and the shore repair section is mainly to prevent the scouring of the roots of the sand dam; after planting vegetation, the type A slope protection is composed of beach rock, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top.

[0009] Furthermore, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes type B slope protection; among them, type B slope protection adopts sheet pile structure to bear the load at the front edge of the bank protection due to the large depth of the lower beach; after planting vegetation, type B slope protection is composed of concrete sheet piles, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top.

[0010] Furthermore, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes a C-type slope protection; wherein, the undamaged bottom foundation of the C-type slope protection is stable; after planting vegetation, the C-type slope protection is composed of the bottom foundation of the bank protection, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion layer, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top.

[0011] Furthermore, in the three types of slope protection, namely, type A slope protection, type B slope protection, and type C slope protection, the density of the non-woven fabric is 450g / m 2The thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200mm, the grading of the polyurethane crushed stone is 20-30mm, the thickness is 200-300mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100kg.

[0012] Furthermore, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes D-type slope protection; wherein, the D-type slope protection is mainly intended to repair existing revetments with damaged roots, reduce wave height, and beautify the seaside environment, and the surrounding areas are all hardened areas and do not have the conditions for forming vegetation; the D-type slope protection is composed of existing seawalls, backfill blocks, crushed stone cushions, and polyurethane crushed stones from bottom to top.

[0013] Furthermore, in the D-type slope protection, the thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200 mm, the gradation of the polyurethane crushed stone is 30-50 mm, the thickness is 300 mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100 kg.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the technical solution are: 1. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas. The method combines polyurethane-bonded aggregate slope protection with vegetation planting to effectively repair damaged shore sections and enhance the stability of the beaches. The polyurethane-bonded aggregate slope protection, as a new type of plate-type slope protection, is made of mineral aggregates bonded by polyurethane adhesives, and is divided into vegetation areas and wave-breaking areas. Through appropriate engineering measures and vegetation restoration, it can become a habitat for aquatic plants and animals without affecting the landscape of the coastal scenic area, thereby improving the vegetation coverage rate of the sand dam and land behind it, and effectively protecting the sand dam and land behind the sandy beach under extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and large waves, thereby achieving the goal of improving the stability of the ecosystem in the restoration area. This restoration method integrates disaster prevention and mitigation effects, ecological effects, and landscape effects.

[0015] 2. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas. The polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection has good integrity and adaptability to deformation, can resist wave scouring in extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and strong waves, and protect the safety of the sand dam and land behind. Moreover, the slope protection design takes into account the characteristics of beach scouring and silting and the terrain and hydrological characteristics, ensuring the rationality of the slope, elevation and structure of the slope protection, and improving its stability and durability.

[0016] 3. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas. When designing the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, the landscape requirements of the coastal scenic area are fully considered to ensure that the slope protection is coordinated with the surrounding environment and does not destroy the original landscape.

[0017] 4. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas. The slope protection includes four different types of polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, namely, type A, type B, type C and type D. The slope protection can be selected according to different beach conditions and restoration requirements, and has sufficient flexibility and diversity.

[0018] In summary, the ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas provided by the present invention not only restores the ecological environment of the damaged shore section, but also improves the overall landscape quality of the coastal scenic area, providing tourists with a more beautiful and comfortable leisure environment; through slope protection construction, it effectively reduces beach erosion and scouring in extreme weather conditions such as typhoons and high waves, protects the safety of the sand dam and infrastructure behind, and has significant social, economic, landscape and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of type A slope protection in embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of type B slope protection in embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a C-type slope protection in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a D-type slope protection in Example 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Example 1

[0021] An ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas, in which a polyurethane-bonded aggregate slope protection is used in a target restoration area to carry out ecological restoration of a damaged shore section, and suitable vegetation is planted on the slope protection surface; Among them, in the process of ecological restoration of the damaged bank section, the method of polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the beach evolution data of the target restoration area to understand the characteristics of beach erosion and siltation and its causes; S2. Obtain beach topography and hydrological data. Since waves and tides are the key dynamic factors affecting beach topography, hydrological data mainly include wave and tide data. S3. Calculate the slope and elevation of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection according to the topography and hydrological data of the damaged shore section, and divide the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection into a vegetation area and a wave-breaking area in combination with the topography of the restoration area. Plant vegetation suitable for the local landscape in the vegetation restoration area, so that the vegetation restoration area is connected with the current distribution area of ​​the shore vegetation; Among them, polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, under the premise of not affecting the landscape of the coastal scenic area, is the main period of damage and scouring of the slope protection and the sand dam behind it, such as typhoons and big waves. At this time, the waves directly act on the front of the slope protection. The polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection has good integrity, adaptability to deformation, permeability and strong anti-scouring ability, which can reduce wave energy and reduce shore scouring to protect the sand dam and land behind the sandy beach. At the same time, the slope protection also needs to have good ecological and environmental protection. Its porous structure serves as a habitat for aquatic plants and animals to improve the stability of the restored ecosystem. S4. Construction of the elevation of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection; the elevation of the slope protection shall not be lower than the height of (wave climb + design high water level + safety heightening), and the overall erosion of the beach surface by 1m shall also be considered when calculating the elevation; S5. Construction of the toe of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection; the toe of the slope protection shall not be lower than the average low tide level, and a riprap cushion layer shall be provided below the toe; S6. Construction of vegetation on polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection: Planting soil is backfilled in the vegetation area of ​​the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, and after laying a vegetation blanket on top of the planting soil, sea sand is backfilled outside the vegetation area to restore the original appearance of the beach.

[0022] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection in step S3 is a type A slope protection; wherein, the lower part of the type A slope protection has an elevation of 0 to 1 m and is composed of the beach rock of the existing beach, and the shore repair section is mainly to prevent the root of the sand dam from being washed away; after planting vegetation, the type A slope protection is composed of beach rock, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top; and the density of the non-woven fabric in the slope protection is 450g / m 2 ; The thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200mm, the grading of the polyurethane crushed stone is 20-30mm, the thickness is 200-300mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100kg.

[0023] Example 2

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection in step S3 is a type B slope protection; wherein, the type B slope protection needs a sheet pile structure to bear the front of the revetment due to the large depth of the lower beach; after planting vegetation, the type B slope protection is composed of concrete sheet piles, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top; and the density of the non-woven fabric in the slope protection is 450g / m 2 ; The thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200mm, the grading of the polyurethane crushed stone is 20-30mm, the thickness is 200-300mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100kg.

[0025] Example 3

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection in step S3 is a C-type slope protection; wherein, the bottom foundation of the undamaged revetment of the C-type slope protection is stable; after planting vegetation, the C-type slope protection is composed of the bottom foundation of the revetment, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion layer, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top; and the density of the non-woven fabric in the slope protection is 450g / m 2 ; The thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200mm, the grading of the polyurethane crushed stone is 20-30mm, the thickness is 200-300mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100kg.

[0027] Example 4

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection in step S3 is a D-type slope protection; wherein, the D-type slope protection is mainly intended to repair the existing revetment with damaged roots, reduce wave climbing, and beautify the seaside environment, and the surrounding areas are all hardened areas and do not have the conditions for forming vegetation; the D-type slope protection is, from bottom to top, the existing seawall, backfill block stone, crushed stone cushion layer and polyurethane crushed stone; and the thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer in the slope protection is 200 mm, the gradation of the polyurethane crushed stone is 30-50 mm, the thickness is 300 mm, and the overall mass of the dry masonry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100 kg.

[0029] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration method suitable for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas, characterized in that: In the target restoration area, polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection is used to carry out ecological restoration of the damaged bank section, and vegetation is planted on the slope protection surface; In the process of ecological restoration of damaged bank sections, the method of polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the beach evolution data of the target restoration area to understand the characteristics of beach erosion and siltation and its causes; S2. Obtain beach topography and hydrological data; waves and tides are the key dynamic factors affecting beach topography, and hydrological data include wave and tide data; S3. Calculate the slope and elevation of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection according to the topography and hydrological data of the damaged shore section, and divide the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection into a vegetation area and a wave-breaking area in combination with the topography of the restoration area. Plant local native plants in the vegetation restoration area so that the vegetation restoration area is connected with the current distribution area of ​​the beach vegetation. S4. Construction of the elevation of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection; the elevation of the slope protection shall not be lower than the sum of the wave climb, the design high water level and the safety height increase. The overall erosion of the beach surface by 1m shall also be considered when calculating the elevation; S5. Construction of the toe of the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection; the toe of the slope protection shall not be lower than the average low tide level, and a riprap cushion layer shall be provided below the toe; S6. Construction of vegetation on polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection: Use planting soil to backfill the vegetation area of ​​the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection, and after laying a vegetation blanket on top of the planting soil, backfill sea sand outside the vegetation area to restore the original appearance of the beach.

2. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection does not affect the landscape of the coastal scenic area. Typhoons and big waves are the main periods of damage and scouring of the slope protection and the sand dam behind it. At this time, the waves directly act on the front of the slope protection. The polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection has good integrity, adaptability to deformation, permeability and strong scouring resistance. It can reduce wave energy and reduce shore scouring to protect the sand dam and land behind the sandy beach. At the same time, the slope protection also has good ecological and environmental protection. Its porous structure serves as a habitat for aquatic plants and animals to improve the stability of the ecosystem in the restoration area.

3. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes type A slope protection; among them, the lower part of type A slope protection has an elevation of 0 to 1m and is composed of the existing beach rock of the beach. The repair of the shore section is mainly to prevent the scouring of the roots of the sand dam; after planting vegetation, type A slope protection is composed of beach rock, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top.

4. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: Polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes Type B slope protection; among them, Type B slope protection adopts sheet pile structure to bear the load at the front edge of the revetment due to the deep beach at the bottom; after planting vegetation, Type B slope protection consists of concrete sheet piles, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, gravel cushion, polyurethane gravel and vegetation from bottom to top.

5. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes C-type slope protection; among them, the undamaged bottom foundation of the C-type slope protection is stable; after planting vegetation, the C-type slope protection is composed of the bottom foundation of the bank protection, backfill sand, non-woven fabric, crushed stone cushion layer, polyurethane crushed stone and vegetation from bottom to top.

6. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the three types of slope protection, type A slope protection, type B slope protection and type C slope protection, the density of non-woven fabric is 450g / m 2 The thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200mm, the grading of the polyurethane crushed stone is 20-30mm, the thickness is 200-300mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100kg.

7. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: Polyurethane bonded aggregate slope protection includes D-type slope protection; among them, the main purpose of D-type slope protection is to repair the existing revetment with damaged roots, reduce wave height, and beautify the coastal environment. The surrounding areas are all hardened areas and do not have the conditions for forming vegetation. From bottom to top, D-type slope protection is the existing seawall, backfill blocks, crushed stone cushion and polyurethane crushed stone.

8. The ecological restoration method for sandy beaches in coastal scenic areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the D-type slope protection, the thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer is 200mm, the grading of the polyurethane crushed stone is 30-50mm, the thickness is 300mm, and the overall mass of the dry block stone at the foot of the slope is not less than 100kg.

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