Method for determining surplus of allowable phosphate fertilizer application of regional potatoes

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining the allowable phosphate fertilizer application surplus of regional potatoes, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: according to field experiment data, obtaining the phosphate fertilizer yield increase of regional potatoes; constructing a regression relationship between the phosphorus application amount and the yield increase; establishing a linear relationship between the phosphorus application amount and the phosphorus apparent equilibrium amount; determining a data range of phosphorus partial nutrient balance based on the phosphate fertilizer yield increment of the regional potatoes, and further obtaining a phosphorus application amount range; according to the relation between the phosphorus applying amount and the phosphorus apparent equilibrium amount, the range value of the phosphorus apparent equilibrium amount is determined, namely the allowable phosphorus applying surplus amount of the regional potatoes, and after data conversion, the allowable phosphorus fertilizer applying surplus amount of the regional potatoes is obtained. According to the method, while the yield of the potatoes is guaranteed, phosphorite resources are saved and utilized to the maximum extent, and feasible measures are provided for intensive management of phosphate fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes will contribute 50% of the increase in future food production. Due to their high yield potential and nutritional value, potatoes will play an important role in solving the world's hunger problem and improving people's dietary nutrition. Potato planting has become an important resource for developing countries to protect farmers' income, tap the potential for increasing food production and ensure food security. High-yield varieties, sufficient nutrient supply and plant protection measures are essential to increase potato production. Fertilization, as one of the essential measures in potato production, plays an irreplaceable role in increasing potato production.

[0003] Phosphorus fertilizer input is particularly important for potato yields. Adequate phosphorus supply is required in production to realize the potential of increasing potato yields. Insufficient phosphorus fertilizer supply will reduce potato yields, but after excessive supply exceeds a certain threshold, potato yields will no longer increase significantly. Phosphorus fertilizer can promote the normal growth and development of potato seedlings, enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance and adaptability of plants, and thus increase tuber yields. However, in pursuit of high yields, farmers usually apply fertilizers blindly, resulting in an increasingly common phenomenon of excessive fertilization. Many growers provide all or a large amount of phosphorus fertilizer before planting, and the special sandy soil type that potatoes prefer often leads to nutrient leaching or runoff loss, threatening ecological and environmental safety. The long-term excessive application of phosphorus fertilizers weakens the yield-increasing effect of fertilization on potatoes, and also causes problems such as low phosphorus fertilizer utilization, waste of fertilizer resources, and environmental risks caused by fertilizer losses.

[0004] Usually, the seasonal recovery rate of potato phosphate fertilizer is less than 20%. As a mineral resource, phosphate fertilizer is non-renewable, which leads to a continuous decrease in reserves. With the continuous mining of phosphate rock, phosphate rock reserves are expected to be exhausted within the next 100 years. The randomness of phosphate fertilizer input has led to a slower growth rate of potatoes than expected, and it is also an obstacle to further utilization of phosphate fertilizer. If we want to maintain the apparent balance of phosphorus between the soil-plant system and improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, we need to reduce the amount of phosphorus applied to the phosphorus balance or below, so as to significantly reduce soil phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus loss in high-phosphorus soils, but the premise is to ensure that potato production does not decrease.

[0005] By improving phosphorus utilization efficiency and thus reducing phosphorus fertilizer input, it will have a very high driving effect on the world phosphorus cycle. Controlling the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied to the apparent phosphorus balance level of the soil-plant system and determining the allowable surplus range of phosphorus fertilizer are important ways to solve the problem of excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer and fixed losses, and are also an indispensable and primary task in phosphorus fertilizer management. Determining the allowable phosphorus surplus range based on crop yield increment and phosphorus fertilizer recovery rate is of great significance to increasing crop yields, economical use of phosphorus fertilizers, reducing environmental point source and non-point source pollution caused by phosphorus fertilizer losses, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Based on the field experiment data, obtain the regional potato phosphate fertilizer yield increase data, that is, the yield increment of phosphate fertilizer;

[0010] Field experiment data requirements: the same plot contains yields of treatments with and without phosphate fertilizer application; the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied and potato yields are clear; except for the different amounts of phosphate fertilizer applied, other measures including planting patterns and farmland management are consistent;

[0011] Based on the yield of the treatment with phosphate fertilizer and the yield of the treatment without phosphate fertilizer, the quantitative relationship between the yield of the treatment with phosphate fertilizer and the yield of the treatment without phosphate fertilizer was established through formula (1): (the treatment with phosphate fertilizer refers to the application of all nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the difference between the treatment without phosphate fertilizer and the treatment with phosphate fertilizer is that no phosphate fertilizer is applied);

[0012] Y0=a×Y (1);

[0013] In formula (1), Y represents the yield obtained under phosphorus fertilizer application, which is the treatment with the highest yield among the phosphorus fertilizer application treatments; Y0 represents the yield of the treatment without phosphorus application; a is a coefficient, which represents the ratio of the yield of the treatment without phosphorus application to the yield of the treatment with phosphorus application;

[0014] The yield increase efficiency of potato after applying phosphorus fertilizer can be calculated by formula (1):

[0015] Y OΔ =(1-a)×100 (2);

[0016] In formula (2), Y OΔ It indicates the yield increase rate (%) under the optimized application of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0017] S2. Construct the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increase of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0018] Calculate the yield increase rate under different phosphorus application rates:

[0019] Y Δ =(Y-Y0)÷Y0×100(3);

[0020] In formula (3), Y Δ represents the yield increase rate (%) under different phosphorus application rates, Y represents the yield with phosphorus fertilizer application, and Y0 represents the yield without phosphorus fertilizer application;

[0021] We can further obtain the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increase of phosphorus fertilizer:

[0022] Y Δ =b×F P 2 + c×F P +d (4);

[0023] In formula (3), F P represents the amount of phosphorus applied; b, c, d are coefficients;

[0024] Formula (3) can be used to calculate the increase in phosphorus yield and the corresponding amount of phosphorus applied under this increase;

[0025] The amount of phosphorus applied under the yield increase rate obtained by equations (1) and (2) can be further calculated;

[0026] S3. Establishing a linear relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus; the apparent balance of phosphorus is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop;

[0027] Phosphorus apparent balance (P Δ ) is calculated as:

[0028] P Δ =F P -R p (5);

[0029] In formula (5), P Δ represents the apparent balance of phosphorus; F P Indicates the amount of phosphorus applied; R p It represents the phosphorus removal of crops, which is the phosphorus removal of potato aboveground parts and the sum of phosphorus absorption of grains and straw;

[0030] Build P Δ and F P Linear relationships between parameters;

[0031] P Δ =e×F P +f(6);

[0032] In formula (6), P Δ represents the apparent balance of phosphorus; F P represents the amount of phosphorus applied; e is the coefficient; f is the constant;

[0033] S4. Data range for determining phosphorus nutrient balance based on regional potato phosphorus fertilizer yield increment:

[0034] According to the regression relationship in S2, the amount of phosphorus applied under the optimal yield increment in S1 is obtained, and then the optimal apparent phosphorus balance is obtained according to the relationship in S3; the apparent phosphorus balance is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop, and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop is obtained;

[0035] The optimal PNB-P was calculated according to the following formula;

[0036] PNB-P=R p ÷F P ;

[0037] In the formula, PNB-P represents the partial nutrient balance of phosphorus, R p represents the amount of phosphorus removed by crops, F P Indicates the amount of phosphorus applied;

[0038] If the optimal PNB-P>1.0, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 1.0 and the lower limit to 0.8;

[0039] If 0.8<optimal PNB-P<1.0, adjust the lower limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the upper limit unchanged;

[0040] If the optimal PNB-P is less than 0.8, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the lower limit unchanged;

[0041] Among them, the upper limit corresponds to the minimum amount of phosphorus applied, and the lower limit corresponds to the maximum amount of phosphorus applied;

[0042] S5. The phosphorus application amount range is obtained according to the formula in step S4 based on the data range of the phosphorus partial nutrient balance determined in S4;

[0043] S6. According to the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus in step S3, the range of the apparent balance of phosphorus is determined, that is, the allowable surplus amount of phosphorus application for potatoes in the region;

[0044] S7. Convert the regional potato phosphorus surplus obtained in step S6 into the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used in production practice to obtain the regional potato phosphorus surplus.

[0045] The present invention also provides a system for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region, comprising: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executed by the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region as described above is performed.

[0046] The present invention further provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is run, the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in the above region is executed.

[0047] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0048] The present invention proposes a method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for regional potatoes, so as to solve the problem that the existing fertilization method is unscientific in applying phosphate fertilizer, and achieves the maximum economical utilization of phosphate resources while ensuring the potato yield, thus providing a feasible measure for the intensive management of phosphate fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a relationship diagram for determining the yield-increasing effect of potato yield after phosphorus application in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a relationship diagram for determining the amount of phosphorus applied to potatoes and the yield increment in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a relationship diagram for determining the phosphorus application amount and the apparent phosphorus balance of potatoes in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0055] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0057] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0058] Potatoes are widely planted in various regions. The embodiments of the present invention divide potatoes into two parts according to the potato planting areas and crop rotation, namely, southern China and northern China, to carry out relevant embodiments. Among them, southern China is a two-crop planting system, which is continuous cropping or crop rotation with other crops; northern China is a one-crop system.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] (1) Collect and summarize potato field trial data in the southern and northern regions of the study area, including:

[0061] All test data come from field tests, including tests on different phosphate fertilizer dosages, 3414 tests, and tests on recommended phosphate fertilizer dosages. The test data include phosphate fertilizer dosage, potato yield, and phosphate absorption in treatments with and without phosphate fertilizer.

[0062] The yield-increasing effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on potato in southern and northern regions was calculated, among which: the treatment with the highest total yield of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium among all treatments was used to optimize fertilization yield.

[0063] The linear relationship was used to simulate the relationship between the yield of potato with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the yield without phosphorus in the southern and northern regions (e.g. Figure 1 ),in:

[0064] South: y = 0.831x;

[0065] North: y = 0.840x;

[0066] In this formula, x is the potato yield with full application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and y is the potato yield without application of phosphorus fertilizers;

[0067] Furthermore, the optimal yield-increasing effect of phosphorus fertilizer is calculated, where:

[0068] South = (1-0.831) × 100 = 16.9%;

[0069] North = (1-0.840) × 100 = 16.0%;

[0070] (2) A quadratic curve model was used to simulate the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increment of potatoes in the south and north (e.g. Figure 2 ),in:

[0071] This part of the data contains the data of each phosphorus application amount and the corresponding yield increase, and the relationship is:

[0072] South: y = -0.0052x 2 +0.6818x+1.8546;

[0073] North: y = -0.0032x 2 +0.5034x+1.2691;

[0074] In this formula, y is the yield increment after applying phosphorus fertilizer, and x represents the amount of phosphorus applied;

[0075] Further, the amount of phosphorus applied under the optimal yield increment obtained in step (1) can be obtained, wherein:

[0076] South: 28.1kg P / ha;

[0077] In the north: 38.9 kg P / ha;

[0078] (3) A linear relationship is used to simulate the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent phosphorus balance, where:

[0079] The apparent balance of phosphorus is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed, where:

[0080] The amount of nutrient removal is based on the accumulation of aboveground phosphorus. The straw phosphorus content is low, the amount of mineralization in the season is small, and the effectiveness is low, so the straw nutrients are classified as nutrient removal.

[0081] The relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent phosphorus balance is as follows: Figure 3 ,in:

[0082] South: y = 0.9561x-16.099;

[0083] North: y = 0.8527x-19.955;

[0084] In this formula, y is the apparent balance of phosphorus, and x represents the amount of phosphorus applied;

[0085] Further, the apparent balance of phosphorus under the optimal yield increment obtained in step (1) can be obtained, where:

[0086] South: 10.8kg P / ha;

[0087] North: 13.2kg P / ha;

[0088] (4) The rationality of the phosphorus application amount obtained in step (2) is determined based on the partial phosphorus nutrient balance (PNB-P). First, the phosphorus removal amount is calculated. The calculation formula is: the difference between the phosphorus application amount and the phosphorus nutrient balance amount, where:

[0089] The apparent phosphorus balance of potatoes in both the south and the north is negative, so the amount of phosphorus removed is:

[0090] South: 28.1-10.8 = 17.3 kg P / ha;

[0091] North: 38.9-13.2 = 25.7 kg P / ha;

[0092] Furthermore, the PNB-P of potatoes in the southern and northern regions under the yield increase in step (1) can be obtained, where:

[0093] South: 17.3÷28.1=0.62;

[0094] North: 25.7÷38.9=0.66;

[0095] (5) Adjust the amount of phosphorus applied according to the PNB value. Since the PNB-P of potatoes in the south and north are both less than 0.8, the initial goal is to first increase the utilization rate to 0.8. Therefore, the upper limit of the PNB-P of potatoes in the south and north is adjusted to 0.8, which corresponds to the lower limit of phosphorus application, that is, the amount of phosphorus removed is 80% of the amount of phosphorus applied. At this time, the phosphorus surplus (apparent phosphorus balance) is equivalent to 0.2 times the amount of phosphorus applied (i.e. 1-0.8=0.2);

[0096] Therefore, the lower limits of phosphorus application in southern and northern potato regions are:

[0097] South: 16.099÷(0.9561-0.2)=21.3kg P / ha;

[0098] North: 19.955÷(0.8527-0.2)=30.6kg P / ha;

[0099] Furthermore, it can be concluded that the range of phosphorus application in different regions under the optimized phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate range, that is, the PNB-P range in the southern region is between 0.62-0.80, and the PNB-P range in the northern region is between 0.66-0.80, among which:

[0100] South: 21.3-28.1kg P / ha;

[0101] North: 30.6-38.9kg P / ha;

[0102] (6) Based on the range of phosphorus application obtained in step (5), according to the formula in step (3), the allowable phosphorus surplus under the optimized phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate range, that is, when PNB-P is between 0.62-0.80 in the southern region and when PNB-P is between 0.66-0.80 in the northern region, can be obtained, where:

[0103] South: 4.3-10.8kg P / ha;

[0104] North: 6.1-13.2kg P / ha;

[0105] Furthermore, the phosphorus dosage in this range is converted into the actual dosage in production practice, that is, elemental phosphorus is converted into oxides and multiplied by the coefficient 2.292, and the surplus amount of phosphorus fertilizer allowed is:

[0106] South: 9.8-24.7kg P 2 O 5 / ha;

[0107] North: 14.1-30.3kg P 2 O 5 / ha;

[0108] In the main potato producing areas in the south and the north, two scenarios, customary fertilization and optimized fertilization, were set up with customary fertilization as the control to verify the rationality of the phosphate fertilizer surplus range, including potato yield, phosphorus application rate, phosphorus absorption and PNB-P under different fertilization scenarios.

[0109] Table 1

[0110]

[0111] Table 1 shows the effects of different fertilization scenarios on phosphorus application, yield, phosphorus absorption and PNB-P of potatoes in the southern and northern regions. The field test results show that the phosphorus application rate of conventional fertilization is very serious, resulting in the PNB-P of potatoes in the southern and northern regions being only 0.34 and 0.51, respectively, far below the lower limit obtained, and the surplus of phosphorus fertilizer exceeded the upper limit of the allowable surplus, reaching 147.0 and 102.9 kg P, respectively. 2 O 5 / ha; and the optimized fertilization phosphorus application rate showed that compared with the conventional fertilization, it not only reduced the amount of phosphorus fertilizer by 50.5% and 26.7% in southern and northern regions of potato, but also increased the yield by 6.6% and 9.2%, respectively, and PNB-P was also within the reasonable range obtained, reaching 0.71 and 0.73, respectively.

[0112] Phosphorus fertilizer, as one of the three major nutrients, plays an important role in ensuring potato yield. However, excessive phosphorus application in recent years is a serious problem faced by potato agricultural production. In potato production, less than one-fifth of phosphorus is absorbed by potatoes, and the sandy soil for planting potatoes is very likely to cause phosphorus loss, and phosphorus loss has become an important factor leading to eutrophication of water bodies in the environment, thereby damaging the ecosystem. While ensuring potato yield, and applying phosphorus fertilizer to the yield-increasing effect of potatoes, it is crucial to formulate the phosphorus surplus range allowed by potatoes, corresponding to the sustainability of improving potato agricultural production, while maximizing the crop yield potential, the nutrient loss of phosphorus can be avoided. And in the present invention, the allowable surplus range of phosphorus is considered for potatoes from two planting modes in the south and the north, not only considering the ecological effect, but also considering from the actual production situation, and also can play the role of saving phosphorus fertilizer resources and improving the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer to a certain extent.

[0113] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the field experiment data, obtain the regional potato phosphate fertilizer yield increase data; S2. Construct the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the yield increase of phosphorus fertilizer; S3. Establishing a linear relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus; the apparent balance of phosphorus is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop; S4. Data range for determining phosphorus partial nutrient balance based on regional potato yield increase by phosphorus fertilizer: According to the regression relationship in S2, the amount of phosphorus applied under the optimal yield increase in S1 is obtained, and then the optimal apparent phosphorus balance is obtained according to the relationship in S3. The apparent phosphorus balance is the difference between the amount of phosphorus applied and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop, and the amount of phosphorus removed by the crop is obtained; The optimal PNB-P was calculated according to the following formula; PNB-P=R p ÷F P ; In the formula, PNB-P represents the partial nutrient balance of phosphorus, R p Indicates the amount of crop phosphorus removed, F P Indicates the amount of phosphorus applied; If the optimal PNB-P>1.0, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 1.0 and the lower limit to 0.8; If 0.8<optimal PNB-P<1.0, adjust the lower limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the upper limit unchanged; If the optimal PNB-P is less than 0.8, adjust the upper limit of PNB-P to 0.8, and keep the lower limit unchanged; Among them, the upper limit corresponds to the minimum amount of phosphorus applied, and the lower limit corresponds to the maximum amount of phosphorus applied; S5. The phosphorus application amount range is obtained according to the formula in step S4 based on the data range of the phosphorus partial nutrient balance determined in S4; S6. According to the relationship between the amount of phosphorus applied and the apparent balance of phosphorus in step S3, the range of the apparent balance of phosphorus is determined, that is, the allowable surplus amount of phosphorus application for potatoes in the region; S7. Convert the regional potato phosphorus surplus obtained in step S6 into the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used in production practice to obtain the regional potato phosphorus surplus.

2. A system for determining the amount of surplus phosphate fertilizer allowed for potato in a region, characterized in that: include: A memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executed by the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region as claimed in claim 1 is executed.

3. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when running, executes the method for determining the allowable surplus amount of phosphate fertilizer application for potatoes in a region as claimed in claim 1.

Images